A≤ymbw 3

a[ytIcf `mjm-t`Zw
"\mep-sI-´n'epw "Be-ml-bpsS s]¨a-°-fn'epw
3.0 BapJw
Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb-cpsS "\mep-sI´v', kmdm-tPm-k-^ns‚ "Be-ml-bpsS
s]¨a-°ƒ
- ', F∂o t\mh-ep-If
- mWv Cu A[ym-bØ
- n¬ ]T\ hnt[-ba
- m-°p-∂X
- v. "\mep-
sI´n'¬ a[y-tI-cf
- Ø
- nse h≈p-h\
- m-S≥ `mjm-ssi-en-bmWv ImWp-∂X
- v. "Bem-lb
- psS
s]¨a-°f
- n¬' Iogm-fh
- ¿§-Øns‚ `mjm-hy-hl
- mc coXn-bmWv ImWp-∂Xv. Xriq¿ kpdn-
bm\n {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mjm-t`ZamWv t\mh-en¬ hcp-∂-Xv.
3.1 \mep-sI´v
3.1.1 I¿Ømhpw IrXnbpw
Fw.Sn. hmkptZh≥ \mb¿ : 1933˛¬ s]m∂m\n Xmeq°n¬ IqS√qcnemWv P\\w.
A—≥ Sn. \mcmbW≥ \mb¿, AΩ AΩmfp AΩ. Ipacs\√q¿ sslkvIqfn¬ {]mYanI
hnZym`ymkw. ]me°mSv hnIvtSmdnb tImtfPn¬ \n∂v 1953˛¬ _n.Fkv.kn(sIankv{Sn)
_ncpZw. A[ym]I≥, ]{Xm[n]¿, IYmIrØv , t\mhenÃv , Xnc°YmIrØv ,
kn\namkwhn[mbI≥ F∂o \neIfn¬ {]ikvX\mbn. 1948 ¬ Fw.-Sn.-bpsS BZy-I-Y-
bmb "hnjp-hm-tLmjw' Nn{X-tI-cfw amkn-I-bn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. temI
ae-bmf IYm-a-’-c-Øn¬ kΩm\w t\Sn-b-tXmsS 1954 ¬ kmlnXy cwKØv {it≤-b-\m-
bn. apds∏Æv F∂ kn\nabv°v BZy Xnc°Y FgpXn. \n¿Ωmeyw, IShv, Hcp hS°≥
hocKmY, kZbw, ]cnWbw XpSßnb Ne®n{X߃°v tZiob Ahm¿Upw Hmfhpw
Xochpw, _‘\w, Hmt∏mƒ, BcqVw, hf¿ØparK߃, A\p_‘w, XrjvW,
CShgnbnse ]q® an≠m]q®, AarXwKab, s]cp¥®≥, kpIrXw, Hcp sNdp]p©ncn,
Xo¿∞mS\w F∂nhbv°v kwÿm\ _lpaXnIfpw e`n®p. ]fl-`q-j¨ Ahm¿Uv 2004
¬ At±-l-Øn\p e`n-®p. Xnc°YsbgpXn kwhn[m\w sNbvX "IShv' kn¶∏q¿, P∏m≥
F∂nhnSßfn¬ \S∂ Ne®nt{Xm’hßfnepw Ahm¿UpIƒ t\Sn. aebmf kn\nabv°v
\¬Inb kw`mh\Iƒ°v t{]w\ko¿ Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v. \√ kocnben\p≈ 1996˛se
tIcf kwÿm\ sSenhnj≥ Ahm¿Uv "\mepsI´n\v' e`n®p. amXr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-
∏ns‚ kl-]{Xm[n]-cmbn 1957 ¬ {]h¿Øn®p XpS-ßnb Fw.-Sn. 1968 ¬ apJy
]{Xm[n]cmbn. 1981 ¬ hnc-an-®p. tIc-f-km-lnXy A°m-Zan {]kn-U‚ v, Xp©≥ kvamc-
I-k-anXn A[y£≥ F∂o kmwkvIm-cnI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ {it≤-b-\mWv Fw.-Sn.
129
 XI¿∂Snbp∂ \mb¿ XdhmSpIfnse Ccp≠ apdnIfn¬ Dudn°qSnb
thZ\bmWv Fw.Sn. `mhkpµcambn Bhnjv I cn°p∂Xv . {KmaPohnXØns‚
DƒØpSn∏pIƒ Fw.SnbpsS Bflkv]¿iap≈ t\mhepIƒ°v ssNX\yw ]Icp∂p.
{KmalrZbØneqsS X∂nte°v Cdßn sN√p∂ t\mhenÃmWv Fw.Sn.
A\p`hXo£v W Xbpw Imev ] \nI Iemkp`KXbpw c≠pw At±lØns‚
t\mhepIfpsS khntijXIfmWv. \mepsI´v, Imew, AkpchnØv, a™v, c≠maqgw,
hnem]bm{X, Adºns∏m∂v, ]mXncmhpw ]I¬ shfn®hpw, hmcmWkn F∂nhbmWv
Fw.SnbpsS t\mhepIƒ. "Ime'Øn\v 1970˛¬ tI{µ kmlnXy Ahm¿Uv e`n®p.
alm`mcXØnse `oa\v ]pXnb am\w \¬In AhXcn∏n® Fw.SnbpsS "c≠maqgw' 1985˛¬
hbem¿ Ahm¿Uv t\Sn. XI¿∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ XdhmSpIfn¬ KXIme ku`mKy߃
Abhnd°n Ignbp∂ hy‡nIfpsS GIm¥ ZpxJ߃ Iem`wKntbmsS Fw.Sn
BhnjvIcn°p∂p. ImeØns‚ Xnct°mfn¬s∏´v IpSpw__‘߃ inYneamIp∂p.
C°mcWØm¬ H‰s∏´p t]mIp∂ hy‡nIƒ, AkvXnXzw \jvSs∏´ a\pjy¿
kvt\lØn\p th≠n Dgdn \S°p∂p. Iq´pIpSpw_ PohnXØnse s]mcpØhpw
s]mcpØt°Spw Fw.Sn AhXcn∏n°ptºmƒ Ahbv°v sshImcnI Xo£vWX
h¿≤n°p∂p. kz¥w X´IØn¬\n∂v NphSp am‰m≥ IgnbmsX at\mthZ\
A\p`hn°p∂ bphXobphm°fpsS IYbmWv At±lw ]dbp∂Xv.
t_m[[mcmcoXnbn¬ FgpXnb "a™v' `mhImhyØns‚ kuIpamcyap≈ t\mhemWv.
BflIYmkv]¿inbmb t\mhemWv "\mepsI´pw Imehpw'. 1959-˛¬ \mepsI´v tIcf
kmlnXyA°mZan ]pckvImcw t\Sn. Imin ]›mØeambn FgpXnb t\mhemWv
"hmcmWkn'. `mcXobs‚ a\ mWv CXn¬ Xpd∂p ImWn°p∂Xv. ZpxJßfpsS apdnhv
DW°p∂Xn\v im¥nÿeßfnte°v Ah¿ Xo¿∞mS\w \SØp∂p. 1995˛¬ `mcXob
⁄m\]oT ]pckvImcw Fw.Sn t\Sn. tIcf kmlnXy A°mZanbpsS {]knU‚mbncp∂p.
2011˛se FgpØ—≥ ]pckvImcw Fw.Sn°mbncp∂p. Xp©≥ kvamcIw sNb¿am\mWv
Fw.Sn.
{]tabw : {KŸImcs‚ BflmIYmwiw Dƒs°m≈p∂ "\mep-sI-´m'Wv Fw.Snsb
{it≤b\m°nbXv. ImcWhcpsS GIm[n]Xy `cWØn≥Iogn¬ Ign™p hcp∂
130
{]kn≤amb hSt°∏m´v XdhmSns‚bpw AXnse At¥hmknIfpsSbpw IYbmWv

"\mepsI´n'¬ ]dbp∂Xv. kºØpsIm≠pw am\yXsIm≠pw {]kn≤amWv B XdhmSv.

Xdhm´n¬ Xs∂ kv{XoIƒ°v t{]an®v hnhmlw Ign°m≥ km≤ya√mØ Imew.
ImcWh¿ ]dbp∂ Bsf hnhmlw Ign°pIbpw ImcWh¿ _‘w Hgnbm≥ ]d™m¬
HgnbpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. Aßns\ ImcWhcpsS GIm[n]XyØn¬ Ignbp∂
hSt°∏m´v Xdhm´nse ]mdp°p´n ]InSIfn°mc≥ tIm¥pÆn \mbsc kvt\ln®p.

Ahcncphcpw Hfnt®mSnt∏mhpIbpw sNbvXp. A°mesØ BNmca\pkcn®v ]mdp°p´n

acn®Xmbn k¶¬∏n®v Xdhm´n¬ acWm\¥c NSßpIƒ \SØn kapZmbw
]mdp°p´nsbbpw tIm¥pÆn \mbscbpw H‰s∏SpØn. A\yaXÿ\mb
skbvXmen°p´nbmWv Ahsc klmbn®Xv. skbvXmen°p´nbpw tIm¥pÆn\mbcpw

Iq´pIrjn°mcmbn. \s√mcp Irjn°mc\mb tIm¥pÆn\mbtcmSv skbvXmen°p´nbv°v

]Xps° ]Xps° Akqb tXm∂nØpSßn. ]It]m°m≥ Xs∂ skbvXmenIp´n
Xocpam\n®p. hnjw \nd® Cd®n sImSpØv tIm¥pÆn\mbsc sIm∂p. A∏pÆn F∂
Ip™pw ]mdp°p´nbpw \n lmbcmbn. A∏pWnsb hf¿ØWw. Dc∏p°mcnbmbpw
a‰p Nn√d tPmenIƒ sNbvXp ]mdp°p´n A∏pÆnsb hf¿Øn. Adnhp sh® \mƒ

apX¬ Xs‚ IpSpw_ ]mcºcysØ°pdn®pw A—s‚ acWsØ∏‰nbpsa√mw A∏pÆn

Adn™p XpSßn. skbvXmen°p´ntbmSp≈ {]XnImcw A∏pÆnbpsS a\ n¬
IØn÷zen°phm≥ XpSßn. Xdhm´n¬ k¿∏w Xp≈¬ ImWm≥ sN∂ A∏pÆnsb
AhnsSbp≈h¿ B´n∏pdØm°n. X\n°pw AhImis∏´XmWv B XdhmSv F∂ Nn¥
Ahs‚ a\ n¬ thcq∂n.

H‰s∏´ ]mdp°p´nbv°v ]et∏mgpw i¶c≥ \mbcpsS klmbw D≠mbncp∂p.

A∏pÆnsb kvIqfn¬ tN¿°m\pw a‰pw i¶c≥ \mbcmWv D’mln®ncp∂Xv. \m´pIm¿
shdpsXbncn°ptam ? Ah¿ i¶c≥ \mbscbpw ]mdpIp´nsbbpw ]‰n A]hmZ߃
]d™p ]cØn. F´mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn°p∂ A∏pÆn°v \m´pImcpsS ]d®n¬ tI´m¬
a\ nem°m≥ {]mbambn´p≠v. Ah≥ hoSp shdpØp. ho´n¬ \n∂ndßnt∏mbn.

skbvXmen°p´nbpsS t{]cW \nanØw Ah≥ kz¥w Xdhm´n¬ ho≠pw sN∂p Ibdn.

131
Xdhm´n¬ ImcWhcpw A\¥nch\pw XΩn¬ Iel߃ s]m´n∏pds∏´ Imeambncp∂p.

A∏pÆn°v Xdhm´n¬ hfscb[nIw IjvSXIƒ A\p`hnt°≠n h∂p. F√mhcpw

Ahs\ AI‰n \n¿Øm≥ {ian®t∏mƒ ImcWhcpsS Cfb aIfmb AΩnWn Hmt∏msf

Ah≥ kz]v\w I≠ncp∂p. B Hmt∏mƒ°v Aht\°mƒ Ipd®p {]mb°qSpXep≠m

bncp∂p. ]Ømw ¢mkv ]mkmbt∏mƒ A∏pÆn \mSphn´p. skbvXmen°p´nbpsS

klmbtØmsS hb\m´n¬ FtÉn¬ Hcp IWs°gpØp tPmenIn´n.

hSt°∏m´v XdhmSv \in®psIm≠ncn°pIbmbncp∂p. AhnsS `mKw

Ign™ncp∂p. CSn™p s]mfn™ XdhmSv hnebv°p hmßnbXv ]Whpambn hb\m´n¬

\n∂pw h∂ A∏pÆn Bbncp∂p. AΩsbbpw i¶c≥\mbscbpw A∏pÆn Xdhm´n¬

sIm≠p h∂p Xmakn∏n®p. Xs∂ ]SnbS®v ]nfiw h® Xdhm´n¬ ]mdp°p´n ]ns∂bpw

h∂p Ibdn. Hcp ImeØv Xs∂ B´n∏pdØm°nb XdhmSns‚ \mepsI´n¬ A∏pÆn

Xe Db¿Øn \n∂p. Po¿Æn® \mepsI´v s]mfn®p If™v ]pXnb hoSp≠m°m≥

A∏pÆn Xocpam\n®p. Iq´pIpSpw_L´w Ahkm\n°pIbpw sNdnb IpSpw_ßfpsS

Bcw`w Ipdn°pIbpw sNøp∂ ImeL´sØbmWv t\mhenÃv Nn{Xo-Icn°p∂Xv.

{][m\ IYm]m{Xamb A∏pÆnbpsS a\ ns‚ D≈dIfnte°v t\mhenÃv

IS°p∂ns√¶nepw a[ytIcfØnse {KmaoW PohnX ]›mØew hmb\°mcpsS {i≤

]nSn®p ]‰pw. Fw.SnbpsS `mjmssienbn¬ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ kzm[o\w sNepØp∂Xv

{]IrXn LSIßfmWv. IqS√qcns‚ Xm∂n°p∂ns‚ s\dpIbn¬ \n∂m¬ ImWp∂

hbepIfpw ]mXIfpw `mcX∏pgbpw Icnb∂q¿ ]mehpw AhnSßfn¬ hoWp InS°p∂

shbnepw \nemhpw \ngepw hoip∂ Im‰pw s]øp∂ agbpw F√msa√mw t\mh¬

`mjbn¬ ]p\chXcn∏n°p∂p. aebmf t\mhen¬ B[p\nIXbpsS XpS° ImeØp

Xs∂ `mjbneqsS hnπhw krjvSn® t\mh-en-ÃmWv Fw.Sn. hmkptZh≥\mb¿.

3.1.2 ÿew

"\mepsI´n'¬ hnimeamb ÿet_m[w hmb\bn¬ t_m[ys∏SpØpw

hn[amWv AXns‚ BJym\w \n¿hln°p∂Xv. sXs° ae_mdnse ]gb h≈ph\mSv

132
{]tZisØ hy‡am°p∂ hn[Ønep≈ ÿeh¿Æ\Iƒ Cu BJym\Ønep≠v.

IqS√q¿, ]´mºn, amWnbq¿, s]m∂m\n, XrØme, am™q¿, apfbImhv XpSßnb \nch[n

ÿe \n¿t±i߃ ImWmw.
Xnchmf≥Ip∂v , ]qam≥tXmSv F∂o {]tZißfpw apƒ∏S¿∏pIfpw
]mds°´pIfpw ]cnkch¿Æ\Ifpw ImWmw. DZmlcWØn\v ""amWyqcvØv Ipt´ymfv
hcpw. A°tc∂pw hcmXncn°n√. DWn®ncn a°fpw tI´∏Øs∂ s]mds∏´n´p≠t{X''.

A∏pÆn tPmen tXSn t]mIp∂Xv hb\m´nte°mWv. _ nencn°ptºmƒ Ah≥

ImWp∂Xv hb\mSns‚ caWobamb ÿeßfmWv. _kv Npcw IbdpIbmbncp∂p.
HcphiØv sN¶pØmb ae\ncIƒ. adphiØv ImSp ]nSn®p InS°p∂ XmgvhcIƒ.
D®shbnen¬ sh´nØnfßp∂ hnZqcÿamb h\m¥c߃ Im´phmgIƒ ]‰n∏nSn®p

\n¬°p∂ kao]sØ ]mds°´pIƒ

IqS√qcn\v ]pdsa amWnbqcpw IpºnSnbpw hfmt©cnbpw ]´mºnbpw XrØmebpw
sImSn°p∂ØpImhpw bt⁄izchpw ]qam≥tXmSpw Xcnhmf≥ Ip∂pw a‰pw
\mepsI´n¬ IS∂p hcp∂p. ÿeØns‚ `qanimkv{X]camb {]tXyIXItfm
AhnSsØ kw`mjWØns‚ {]tXyIXItfm BWv ÿet_m[w D≠m°p∂Xv.

3.1.3 _‘kqNI]Z߃
_‘kqNI]Z߃ hyXykvX `mjIfn¬ hyXykvXamWv. kaqlØns‚
AScpIƒ `mjbn¬ {]Xn^en°p∂Xn\v _‘kqNI ]Z߃ klmbn°pw. ""kaqlw
`mjbn¬ {]Xn^en°ptºmƒ kmaqly am‰ßfpw {]Xn^en°pw.''1 PmXn`mjIfpsS
hyXymkw a\ nem°m≥ _‘kqNn ]Z߃ klmbn°pw. "\mepsI´v' F∂

t\mhenepw ]ePmXn°mscbpw ImWmw. AhcpsS _‘kqNI ]Zßfn¬ hyXymkw

ImWp∂p.
AΩΩ ˛ AΩbpsS AΩ
A—Ω ˛ A—s‚ AΩ (\mb¿)
A\t{¥m≥ ˛ AΩmhs‚ aI≥

AΩmbn ˛ AΩbpsS ktlmZcs‚ `mcy

133
Bßf ˛ ktlmZc≥

DΩ ˛ AΩ (ap…o߃)
henbΩma- ˛ AΩbpsS ktlmZc≥
G´≥ ˛ ktlmZc≥
G´Øn ˛ tN´s‚ `mcy
Hmt∏mƒ ˛ ktlmZcn

Hm∏ ˛ ktlmZc≥
sNdnbΩ ˛ AΩbpsS A\pPØn
sNdnb—≥ ˛ A—s‚ A\pP≥
tPyjvTØn ˛ tN´s‚ `mcy

s]߃ ˛ ktlmZcn
hm∏m ˛ A—≥ (ap…o߃)
henbΩ ˛ AΩbpsS aqØ ktlmZcn
3.1.4 {]mbhyXymkw
t\mhense apØm®n F∂ IYm]m{Xw hb mb kv{XobmWv. Ch¿ F√m

B¨Ip´nIsfbpw "A∏p'sh∂pw F√m s]¨Ip´nIsfbpw "AΩp'F∂pamWv

hnfn®ncp∂Xv. {]mbw sN∂h¿ "Ip´m', "Ip´n', "FSm' F∂nßs\ hnfn®ncp∂Xmbpw
t\mhen¬ ]cma¿in®n´p≠v. DZmlcWØn\v
˛ F¥n\ms‚ Ipt´y, AsXms° ]tdWv, at≠se hc \∂mbn√y.
˛ "hsøs‚ Ipt´y... C\n ]≠sØ¥n Ducp®p‰ms\m∂pw hø'

-˛ aq∏cp ]Xp°s\ tNmbv®p; "F¥mSm Ip´m', tZiØns‚ am\mt]mWv!

-˛ "FSm s‚ Imew Ign™n´p t]mtc Cu N´ow Itemw ]¶p shbv°ev ?
3.1.5 hnZym`ymkw
hnZym`ymkw, DtZymKw, kºØv F∂nh `mjbnepw {]Xn^en°pw.
kmºØnIambpw kmaqlnIambpw ap∂n´p \n¬°p∂hcpsS `mj hnZym`ymk

Imcy߃°pw HutZymKnI Imcy߃°pw D]tbmKn°p∂p. t\mhense A∏pÆn F∂

134
IYm]m{Xw D∂X hnZym`ymkw t\Sn DtZymKØn¬ {]thin®p. [\w kºmZn®p \m´n¬

aSßn h∂v \mepsI´p hmßp∂Xmbn ImWp∂p. hnZym`ymk ÿm]\ßfnepw,

Hm^okpIfnepw taem[nImcnIfpsS kwkmcØn¬ sshtZinI `mj IS∂p

hcp∂Xmbpw t\mhen¬ ImWp∂p.

3.1.6 IpSntb‰w

[\w tXS¬, tPmen F∂nh IpSntbdn∏m¿∏n\p≈ ImcWßfmWv .

IpSntbdn∏m¿∏ns‚ kqN\ t\mhen¬ ImWp∂p. tPmen tXSn hb\m´n¬ FØnb

A∏pÆntbmSv skbvXmen°p´n B ÿesØ∏‰n hnhcn®p. XncphnXmwIqdn¬ \n∂p

h∂ Iptd {InkvXym\nIƒ ChnsS IpSntbdn∏m¿Øn´p≠v. Hgn™p ImWp∂

ÿeßsf√mw ]≠p ImSmbncp∂p. Dt≈m´p IS∂m¬ kmbv]≥amcpsS NmbtØm´ßƒ

D≠v. AßmSnbn¬ I®hS°m¿ A[nIhpw {InkvXym\nIfmWv. Hcp \mbcpsS

Nmb°Sbpap≠v. AbvXyam≥Im°bpsS HcpW° a’y ]oSnIbpap≠v. ]pdsa

{InkvXym\nIfpsS IpSntb‰sØbmWv ChnsS kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. I®hSw aptJ\bpw

IpSntb‰w kw`hn°p∂p.

3.1.7 sXmgn¬

Hcp km[mcW a\pjy\v ]et∏mgpw a\ nemImsX t]mIm≥ X°hÆw

IrXyXbp≈hbmbncn°pw sXmgn¬]c]Z߃. F√mh¿°pw F√m ]Zßfpw

a\ nemIWsa∂n√. "\mepsI´n'¬ Aßs\bp≈ Nne ]Z{]tbmKw ImWp∂p≠v.

G‰v ˛ ]pgbn¬ a’y߃ Iq´ambn Ibdn t]mIp∂XmWv G‰v.

hcp ˛ agsh≈w HgpInt∏mIm≥ AXncn¬ \n¿Ωn°p∂ NmepIƒ

sImß≥ ˛ sh≈s∏m°Øn\v "sImß≥ sh≈w' F¥mWv \mS≥ `mj

Icns¶md ˛ h¿jImeØv sh≈w apßn°nS°mdp≈ hb¬{]tZi߃

]Xw ˛ sImbvØpIm¿°p sImSp°p∂ IqenbmWv "]Xw'. Cu ]Z߃ B sXmgnepambn

_‘ap≈ sXmgn¬]ckaqlØnse AwK߃°v hfsc s]s´∂v a\ nemIpw.

135
3.1.8 kv{Xo˛]pcpj t`Zw
kaqlØnse kv{Xo˛]pcpj t`ZØns‚ Xs∂ {]Xn^e\amWv `mjbnse
kv{Xo˛ ]pcpjt`Zw. ""kv{Xo˛]pcpjt`Zhpw `mjbpw kw_‘n®p≈ ]cºcmKXamb
Nn¥bmWv `mjbnse ]p√nwK˛kv{XoenwK th¿Xncnhn\m[mcw''.2
kv{XoXzsØ {]Xn\n[m\w sNøp∂ ]Zßfmb Xnc≠pIpfn, {]khw F∂nh
t\mhen¬ kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v. ]pcpj kqNIambn FSpØp ]dbp∂Xv ]ucpjsØbmWv.
kv{Xo˛]pcpj t`Zw \ne\n¿Øp∂hbpw A√mØhbpamb sXmgn¬ \ma߃ t\mhen¬
ImWmw.
]pcpj≥ kv{Xo
tPym’y≥ ........
sshZy≥ ........
........ ASn®pXfn°mcn
]pdw]Wn°mc≥ ]pdw]Wn°mcØn
tXmWn°mc≥ ........
PmXobamb D®\oNXzw t]mse kv{Xo˛]pcpj hyXymkw `mjbn¬ {]ISamWv.
kv{Xo˛]pcpjt`Zw PmXnbnepw am‰w hcpØp∂p≠v. DZmlcWØn\v
]p≈ph≥˛]p≈phØn. t\mhen¬ Bßf, s]߃ F∂ ]Zßfpw Hm∏, Hmt∏mƒ
F∂ ]Zßfpw {]tbmKn®n´p≠v. A«oe]Zßfnepw `mjWkµ¿`a\pkcn®mWv
enwKt`Zw {]ISn∏n°p∂Xv. A«oe]Z߃ IqSpXepw ]pcpj`mjbpsS hIt`ZamWv.
"aqt[hn', "Fc]v ^ ≥', "Hcpºt´mƒ' F∂nßs\bp≈ ]Z߃ t\mhen¬
]cma¿in®n´p≠v. "DS∏ndt∂mƒ' F∂ Nm¿® t]cpw {]tbmKn®n´p≠v.
3.1.9 BNmcm\pjvTm\߃ hnizmk߃
""Hmtcm P\kaqlØns‚bpw kwkvImckz`mhw hy‡am°p∂ {][m\
LSIamWv hnizmkw'' 3 . aXtØ°mƒ ]g°ap≠v Chbv°v. aXhpambn
_‘s∏´Xmbncn°pw Nne hnizmk߃.
\mepsI´pIfn¬ Xmakn°p∂h¿ Xdhm´p ]ctZhXbn¬ hnizkn®ncp∂p.
tZhXsb AXn\mbn Ah¿ \mepsI´n¬ IpSnbncpØp∂p. Fw.SnbpsS "\mepsI´n¬'

136
]Snbnd°s∏´ ]mdp°p´nbpsS aI≥ DÆn Xdhm´n¬ h∂p Xmakam°nb tijw

Db¿®bp≠mbXmbn ]dbp∂p. AXp Xdhm´p tZhXbpsS A\p{Klw sIm≠msW∂v

Ah≥ hnizkn°p∂p. ""`KhXn B Xdhm´nep≈hcpsS AΩbmWt{X a®n¬ IpSn
sh®n´p≠v. "]≠p tNmdp sIm≠p h∂p X∂ AΩbmWv' F∂mWv `KhXnsb∏‰n
AΩΩ ]dbmdp≈Xv''. AsXmcp ]gbIYbmW.v AΩΩ B IY ]d™p sImSp°p∂p.
IY tI´tXmsS DÆn°v `KhXnbn¬ hnizmkap≠mbn. `KhXnsb∏‰n IfØn¬ IΩƒ

]dbp∂ Hcp kµ¿`hpw D≠v. ""km[mcW XdhmSp t]me√y CXv. CXn\ItØ°v

sNm∆mbs∏´ Hcp `KhXo≠v''. ""AX¥ym{ioXzw tNmdp sIm≠p h∂ AΩbmWv'' .
tPymXnjØn¬ ]dbp∂sX¥pw kw`hn°pw F∂p P\߃ hnizkn°p∂p. kw{Im¥n
^eØn¬ hmbpafieamWv tPymXnjØn¬ ImWp∂sX¶n¬ B h¿jw sImSp¶m‰v

D≠mIpsa∂mWv Cu hnizmksØ∏‰n apØm®n F∂ IYm]m{Xw DÆntbmSv ]dbp∂Xv.

""sImSp¶m‰mWv FfIocn°WsXs‚ Ipt´y. C°pdn hmbpafiem''
BNmc߃ hyXykvX XcØnemWv D≈Xv. Imew amdp∂Xn\\pkcn®v
BNmc߃°v hyXymkw D≠mbn. Xo≠¬, acpa°Ømbw, ASnb¥ncw, ]pSapdn,
]peIpfn, sXc≠pIeymWw, Ifw]m´v XpSßnb BNmcßsf∏‰n t\mhen¬

{]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v. BtLm-jß
- f
- mb HmWw, hnjp, Xncp-hm-Xnc F∂n-hs
- b-°p-dn®v t\mh-
en¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. Cu IrXn-bn¬ AΩmΩ Ip´-t\mSv ]d-bp∂ Hcp kµ¿`-ap-≠v.
""Ip´m Htcm-Wm-h-cWv tNtdy‰ t\m°n c≠p ap≠pw HØcow FSv°-Ww. B s]Æns\
Xncp-thm-Wm-bn´v DSp-∏n-°-Ww.'' as‰mcp kµ¿`-Øn¬ Ip´≥ \mb¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv ""]Sn-
bv°¬ ]Wn-sN-øp∂ sNdp-a-°ƒ°v HmWhpw hnjphpw Xncp-hm-Xn-cbpw h∂m¬ Af-

hp≠v'' Ah-cpsS ÿnXn t`Z-am-sW-∂-bmƒ°v tXm∂n.

If-sa-gpØpw ]m´pw, k¿∏w Xp≈¬, ]qcw, inh-cm-{Xn, `ph-t\-izcn ]qP, Xnd,
IpcpXn XpS-ßnb A\p-jvTm-\-ßsf t\mh-en¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. t£{Xßfn¬ h®pw
hoSpIfn¬ h®pw CXv A\pjvTn°mdp≠v. ""hSt°∏m´v Hcp Znhkw `pht\izcn ]qPbpw
]nt‰∂v Ifw]m´pw \SØmdp≠v. Ahev, aecv, i¿°c, \mfntIcw, Ice∏w, XÆocmarXv

F∂nhbmWv `pht\izcn ]qPbv°v D]tbmKn°p∂Xv. Ifw ]q¿ØnbmIptºmƒ

137
Ipdp∏≥am¿ \¥pWn F∂ Km\a{¥w ao´n sImt≠m CeØmfw, ho°≥ F∂nh

D]tbmKn®v XmfaSn®p sImt≠m IfØn\p apºnencp∂p `{ZImfn∏m´p]mSp∂p.

X¬kabw ]qPbpw hgn]mSpw \SØmdp≠v.''
t£{Xßfn¬ am{Xa√ XdhmSpIfnepw \mKmcm[\ \SØnbncp∂p.
"\mepsI´n'se hSt°∏m´p XdhmSv k¿∏mcm[\bn¬ tIfntI´Xmbncp∂p. c≠p
k¿∏°mhpIƒ Xdhm´nep≠mbncp∂p. c≠nepw IqSn aWn\mKw, Icn\mKw,

ARvP\\mKw F∂p aq∂p \mKßfmWv D≠mbncp∂Xv. Chsb {]oXns∏SpØp∂

Xn\mbn k¿∏w Xp≈¬ Xdhm´n¬ \SØnbncp∂p. `{ZImfn t£{Xßfn¬ \SØp∂
A\pjvTm\ IebmWv "]m\ Ign°¬'. tZi°msc√mhcpw IqSnbmWv ]m\ Ign∏n°p∂Xv.
t\mhen¬ ]m\ Ign®ncp∂Xmbpw amt¶mØn√Øv a≠IØn¬ sIm√Ønsemcn°¬

\mb∑msc sIm≠p tImgnbdpØv Ieiw \SØnbncp∂Xmbpw ]dbp∂p.

Imf]q´ns\ ]‰nbpw t\mhen¬ kqNn∏n°p∂p. ""Imf]q´n\p am{Xw Cd°mdp≈
FcpXpw aWn°mfbpamWv . henbΩmabv ° p Imf]q´p Poh\mWv . ]Sn°se
Cu¿®°≠Øn¬ Ign™ anYp\Øn¬ Imf]q´p≠mbn.'' inhcm{Xn, ]qcw F∂o
BtLmjßsfbpw t\mhen¬ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v. ""apØfow Ip∂sØ inhcm{Xnbv°v

]qX\bpw Xndbpw ]≈n°p ap≥hisØ tdmUneqsS sIm´n¬s°m≠p IS∂p

t]mbt∏mƒ am∏nfam¿ h∂p XS™p. ASnbp≠m°n ]e¿°p ]cn°p ]‰n.''
IfsagpØns\bpw t\mhen¬ hnhcn°p∂p≠v . ""]¥¬ \mepNp‰n\pw
IpcptØmebpw amhnebpw tIm¿Øn´v Ae¶cn®n´p≠v. IfsagpØp Ign™ncn°p∂p.
Acns∏mSnbpw a™s∏mSnbpw \qdpw a™fpw tN¿Øp≠m°nb Nph∂s]mSnbpw

C´mWv Ifw hc®ncn°p∂Xv. DS¬ sI´p]nW™p InS°p∂ ]Sw hnS¿Ønb c≠v

D{Kk¿∏߃. ]¥ens‚ \Sphn¬ hmg∏n≠n sIm≠p Im¬sh®p apIfn¬ Nph∂
]´p hncn®p as‰mcp sNdnb ]¥ep≠m°nbncn°p∂p. AXnse \new \nd®p IfamWv.''
3.1.10 kmapZmbnImNmc߃
tIcfØnse {]_eamb PmXnhn`mKßfnsem∂mWv \mb¿ kapZmbw.

{]mtZinIambpw hwiobambpw hn`n∂Xsh®p ]pe¿Øp∂ At\Iw Ahm¥c

138
hn`mK߃ Ah¿°nSbnep≠v. \mb∑mcn¬ sXmgn¬]camb hyXymk߃°p ]pdsa

{]mtZinI hyXymkhpap≠v . PmXn]camb D®\oNXz߃ ]≠p Imeßfn¬

D≠mbncp∂p. Xo≠¬, sXmSo¬ apXemb BNmc߃ ewLn°s∏´m¬ kh¿W¿°pw

Aip≤n h∂Xmbn IW°m°pw. AbnØsØ∏‰nbp≈ kqN\ Cu t\mhenep≠v.

Ipfn°msX a®ns‚ apºneqsS hcm≥ ]mSn√. A∏pÆn kvIqƒ hn´p AXp hgnbmWv

h∂Xv. CXpI≠ henbΩma ]d™p ""Cu XdhmSp apSn°pw. AbnØ√y, NpØ√y

a®nencn°WXp sN∆mbs∏´ Hcp `KhXnbmW.v XdhmSp `mKn°p∂ Imcyw A[nImcn

tNmZn°ptºmƒ Ip™nIrjvW≥\mb¿ ]dbp∂Xv. kapZmbØns‚ \nesbbmWv, Cu

XdhmSv˛ A[nImtcymSp ]td≠ Bhiyan√. A®pΩmΩ≠mbncp∂ ImeØp \mbcp

kapZmbØnep≠mbncp∂n√y ChnSvsØ¥ns\e'' sNdpa°fpw Xobcpw sXm´m¬ InW¿

Aip≤amIpsa∂Xn\m¬ hSt°∏m´v Xdhm´nse InW¿ tXhn®ncp∂Xv

i¶c≥\mbscs°m≠mWv F∂v ]mdp°p´n ]dbp∂p.

3.1.11 BNmc`mj

""tIcfØn¬ PmXnbpsS ASnÿm\Ønep≠mbncp∂ kmaqlnI {IaamWv

BNmc`mj krjv S n®Xv . '' 4 BNmc`mjm]Z߃ Gsdbp≈ IrXnbmWnXv .

BNmc]Zßfn¬ At\ym\yw ZrV_‘ap≈ c≠p Xcw ]Zßfp≠v; BZckqNI

]Zßfpw hn\bkqNI]Zßfpw. PmXnbpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ hyXybw ]pe¿Øp∂

kwt_m[\m]Zßfpw ]cma¿iI]Zßfpw ]pct∏cpIƒ, Zn\Ncymt∏cpIƒ,

Nn´t∏cpIƒ F∂nhbpw BNmc`mjbpsS kp{][m\ khntijXbmW.v

BNmc]Z߃°p "\mepsI´n¬' \nch[n DZmlcW߃ ImWmw.

3.1.11.1 BZckqN]Zßfpw hn\bkqNI ]Zßfpw

"Xºpcm≥', "A[nImcn', "ChnSp∂v', "A{amfv', "\ºqcmcv', "Ccn°WΩ', "C°mhΩ',

"AIØmfv' F∂nhbmWv t\mhen¬ ImWp∂ hn\bkqNIhpw BZckqNIhpamb

]Z߃.
139
3.1.11.2 kwt_m[\m]Zßfpw ]cma¿iI]Zßfpw
\ºqXncnamcpsS {]mba\pkcn®v \mb∑m¿ A]v^≥ \ºqXncn, G´≥ Xncpta\n
F∂mWv hnfn®ncp∂Xv. \ºqXncn kv{XoIfn¬ IeymWw Ign®p sIm≠p h∂hsc
"Ip™mtØmev' F∂mWv hnfn®ncp∂Xv. D]\b\w IgnbmØ B¨Ip´nIsf "DÆn'sb
∂mWv kwt_m[\ sNbvXncp∂Xv. IogvPmXn°m¿ ta¬PmXn°mcmb Ip´nIsf ImWp
tºmƒ ]et∏mgpw "sNdnb{ºm≥' F∂ a´nemWv hnfn®ncp∂Xv. A¥¿P\ßfpsS
the°mcnIsf "Ccn°WΩ', "]m¿°Ws]Æv 'F∂pw hnfn®ncp∂p.
3.1.11.3 ]pct∏cpIƒ
Hmtcm PmXn°pw XßfpsS hmkÿesØ kqNn∏n°m≥ {]tXyI BNmc
]Zßfp≠v. \ºqXncnam¿°v C√w/a\ F∂pw ]peb∑mcptSXv "Nmf' F∂pamWv
hnfn®ncp∂Xv.
3.1.11.4 Zn\Ncymt]cpIƒ
\ºqXncnamcpsS IpSpw_Ønse aqØbmfpsS hnhmlsØ "thfn' F∂pw
\mb∑mcpsS IpSpw_Øn¬ "IeymWw' F∂pamWv hnfn®ncp∂Xv. \ºqXncn°v
XmWPmXnbnep≈ hnhmlw "kw_‘hp'amWv.
3.1.11.5 Nn´t∏cpIfpw a‰pw
\mb¿, \ºqXncnam¿ XßfpsS ASnbm≥amcmb iq{Z≥ apX¬ ]peb≥ hscbp≈
F√mh¿°pw hntijZnhkßfn¬ sImSp°p∂ kΩm\{Zhyßsf "Afhv' F∂p
]d™ncp∂p; "HmWfhv' F∂ a´n¬ ""]Snbv°¬ ]Wn sNøp∂ sNdpa°ƒ°v HmWhpw
hnjphpw XncphmXncbpw h∂m¬ Afhp≠v'' F∂v t\mhen¬ Ip´≥ \mb¿ F∂
IYm]m{Xw kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v.
"\mepsI´n'se BNmc]Z߃°v \nch[n DZmlcW߃ D≠v. "A{amfv, hnS
sIm≈pI, Xncp\ne߃, sNdnbXºpcm≥, AIØmƒ, Iev]\, ASnbm≥, Xncphmbkv,
C°mhΩ, Ccn°WΩ, F{ºm¥ncn, sNdphmey°m¿, A]v^≥ \ºqXncn F∂nh.
3.1.12 BJym-\-`mj
"\mep-sI´n'¬ BJym-Xmhv t\cn´v BJym\w \S-Øp-∂-n√. IYm-\m-b-I-\mb
A∏p-Æn-bp-sSbpw Ahs‚ AΩ ]mdp-°p-´n-b-Ω-bp-sSbpw ho£Wßfn-eq-sS IY
140
BJym\w sNøp-∂p. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS hm°p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Nn¥-I-fn-eq-sSbpw ]g-b-

Ime A\p-`-h-߃ hnh-cn-°p∂ ho£-W-co-Xnbpw BJym-Xmhv "\mep-sI´n'¬ D]-tbm-

Kn-®n-´p-≠v. BJym-Xmhv {][m\ kw`-h-߃ IYm-]m-{X-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-
Ibpw _m°n-bp-≈- kw-`-h-߃ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS kw`m-j-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Hm¿Ω-I-fn-
eq-sSbpw shfn-hm-°p-Ib
- mWv sNøp-∂X
- .v ]q¿h-Ime kw`-hß
- ƒ IYm-]m-{X-ßf
- psS Nn¥-
bn-eq-sSbpw kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahbv°v h¿Ø-am-\-

Ime{]XoXn D≠m-Ip-∂p. "v\mep-sI´n's‚ BJym\w XpS-ßp∂Xv Xs∂ A∏p-Æn-bpsS

Nn¥-If
- n-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
""hfcpw hf¿∂p henb Bfmhpw ssIIƒ°p \√ Icp-Øp-≠mIpw A∂v
Bscbpw `b-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-√. Xe-bp-b¿Øn ]nSn®p sIm≠p \n¬°mw. BscSm F∂p

tNmZn-®m¬ ]cp-ßmsX Dd® kzc-Øn¬ ]dbmw Rm\mWv tIm¥pÆn \mb-cpsS aI≥

A∏p-Æn. A∂v, As∂m-cn-°¬ skbvXm-en-°p-´nsb I≠p ap´m-Xn-cn-°n-√. F∂n´p thWw
]Icw tNmZn-°m≥ skbvXm-en-°p-´n-bpsS IgpØp ssII-fn¬ InS∂p ]nS-bp-tºmƒ ]d-
bpw, \obt√ \obt√ Fs‚... AtXm¿°p-tºmƒ A∏p-Æn-bpsS IÆp-Iƒ \\bpw''.
"\mep-sI´n'¬ \nc-h[n kw`-hß
- ƒ ^vfmjv _m°v coXn-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv \n_-

‘n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kw`-h-߃ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Nn¥-I-fn-eq-

sSbpw BJym\w \n¿h-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂X
- n-\m¬ BJym\IrXnv°v kzm`m-hn-IX Gdp-Ibpw
GIm-{KX In´p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A∏p-Æn-bpsS sshb-‡n-Im-\p-`h
- ß
- fpw Bfl-kw-L¿j-
ßfpw {][m\ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ IqSn BJym\w \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xpw
"\mep-sI´n'¬ ImWmw. _‘-ßf
- psS hyXykvX Xe-߃ A\m-hc
- Ww sNbvXpsIm≠mWv

BJym-Xmhv {][m\ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ at\m-ta-J-e- \-ap°v hy‡am°nØcp-∂-Xv.

IYm-]m-{X-ßfpsS D≈n-te°v IS∂v a\- ns‚ A¥x-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ {Kln-°p-hm\pw
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw BJym-Xmhv {ian-°p-∂p. IYm-]m-{X-ßsf BJym-Xmhv t\cn´v Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°p∂ coXn-bn-e-√ BJym\w \n¬h-ln-°p-∂-Xv. BJym-\-Ønse Hmtcm kµ¿`-
Øn-ep≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw {]Xn-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw At∏m-gsØ kw`m-j-

W-Øn-eq-sS-bp-amWv IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ kz`mhw hy‡-am-°p-∂X

- ,v CXc IYm-]m-{X-ßfpsS
141
{]Xn-Ic
- W
- ß
- f
- n-eq-sS IYm-]m-{XsØ Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-°p∂ coXn "\mep-sI´n'¬ IpSp-X¬ D]-

tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. BJym-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn IYm-]m-{XsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂

coXnbpw \mep-sI-´n¬ ImWp-∂p. Fw.-Sn-bpsS BJym\ temI-Øn¬ ]pcpj IYm-]m-{X-
ß-sf√mw Xs∂ \n -lm-bcpw \nkw-K-cp-ambn amdp-∂p.
`mj-bpsS i_vZ-X-e-Ønepw cq]Xe-Ønepw hmIy-L-S\mXe-Ønepw Hmtcm
BJym-Xmhpw kz¥-amb khn-ti-jX ]pe¿Øp-∂p. {]mtZ-inI `mjmt`Z-ßfpsSbpw

kmap-Zm-bnI `mjm kwk¿§ coXn-If

- p-sSbpw P\n®p hf-cp∂ Np‰p-]m-Sn-s‚bpw kzm[o\w
Ah-cpsS BJym-\-Øn¬ D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. BJym-Xm-hns‚ `mj-bpsS AXn-cp-Iƒ
bmYm¿∞y-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Abm-fpsS ImgvN∏
- m-Sns‚ AXn-cp-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv. bmYm¿∞y-
Øn\p apºn¬ BJym-Xmhv A\p-`-hn-°p∂ sshIm-cn-I-amb A¿∞-amWv cN-\-bn¬

`mjm-cq-]-ambn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂-Xv. ]Z-ß-fpsS sXc-s™-Sp-°epw {]tbm-Khpw hmIy-L-S-

\-bpsS emfn-Xyhpw Kl-\X
- bpw BJym-Xm-hns‚ A`n-cp-Nn°v hnt[-ba
- m-bn-cn-°pw. hnjm-
Zm-flI
- Xzw, sshIm-cn-IXzw, Xmf-t_m-[w, A¿∞-hym-]vXn, HuNnXyw XpS-ßn-bh DƒsIm-
≈m≥ Ign-bp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ `mj-bmWv Cu BJym-\-Øn-te-Xv.
IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS am\-knI kwL¿j-ßsf {]Ir-Xn-bpsS `mh-ß-fp-ambn ka-

\z-bn-∏n®p sIm≠p≈ `mjm-coXn a‰v BJym-Xm-°-fn¬ \n∂pw Fw.-Snsb hyXy-kvX-\m-

°p-∂p. sXt° ae-_mdnse ]gb h≈p-h-\mSv {]tZ-isØ hy‡-am-°p∂ hn[-Øn-
ep≈ ÿe h¿Æ-\-Iƒ, Cu BJym-\-Øn-ep-≠v. hnim-e-amb ÿe-t_m[w hmb-\-
bn¬ t_m[y-s∏-SpØpw hn[-amWv AXns‚ BJym\w \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Fw.-Sn-bpsS
Nn¥-bn¬ F√m-bvt∏mgpw Imev]-\nI bmYm¿∞y-Ønt‚Xmb Hcp -`m-h-ap-≠v. ho£W

kzm[o-\-Øn-s‚bpw ÿe-Im-e-ß-fp-sSbpw IYm-]m-{X-ß-fp-sSbpw `mj, kzcw, _nw_w

F∂n-h-bp-sSbpw Bhn-jvIm-c-Øn¬ Cu Xo{h km∂n[yw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw.
3.1.13 {]mtZ-inI`mj-bpsS{]Xn^e\w IYm-]m-{X-ß-fp-sS kw`mjW-ß-fn¬
h≈p-h\
- m-S≥ `mjm-ssi-en-bmWv kw`m-jW
- ß
- ƒ°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂X
- v. kmap-

Zm-bnI `mjm-t`-Zhpw {]mtZ-in-I-`m-jm-t`-Zhpw IYm-]m{X kw`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ ImWm≥km[n-

°p-∂p. t\mh-ense Nne kw`m-jWhmIy-߃ Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.

142
3.1.13.1 BNmckw`mjW hmIy߃
1. ""\n°o, sNdyºvcm, Xs∂ t]m≠m. AtSy\pw≠mhbn°v''
2. ""sNdyºvcm≥ ™n s]mt°mfn'
3. ""AtSy≥ shSsIm≈s´'
3.1.13.2 ap…ow hmIysamgnIƒ
1. "¥m∂pw, \mbtc, RΩtfmsSm∂pw ]dbmØv' ?
2. "hm∏qt´y, C÷v IpcpØt°Sp ImWn°t√'
3.1.13.3 hmIysamgnIƒ
h≈p-h-\m-S≥ `mjmt`Zw hmsam-gn-I-fn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
1. "Hmf°Xn\p ssZhw sImSpØpsh®n√ym'
2. AΩma F∏fm hcvm, \n»√y. \obv thKw s]mbvt°m
3. tamfnev Hmhnev sh≈t≠m, amtfzm ?
3.1.13.4 taemf Iogmf kw`mjW߃
kw`mjWw: 1
A∏pÆnbpw X≈s®dpantIm®nbpw XΩnep≈ kw`mjWw
"\St∂mfo, sNdyºvcm'
hgn°v Ah≥ tNmZn®p
"Bcm tImt®y, AXv ?'
"GXv, sNdyºvcm?'
"Cukv∏vs‚ ]otSyev'
"AXv skbvXmen°p´ym]vft√ ?'
"GXv skbvXmen°p´nbmWv ?'
ap≠mØmbsØ ˛ \m´p∂p t]mbn´vΩvWn Imembntem'
skbvXmen°p´n !
kw`mjWw:2
]mdp°p´nbpw i¶c≥\mbcpw A∏pÆnbpsS ]TnØImcysØ ]‰n
kwkmcn°p∂p.
143
 "FSvØq A∏pÆn ?'
"Hm≥ kvIqfn¬ t]mbncn°ym'
"kv°qfp sXmd∂zt√ ?'
"C∂v sXmd°nWv. Hm≥ G´v∂p Pbn®S°vWp. C∂p k¿´n^n°‰v hmßm≥
t]mbncn°ym. Hms‚ kwKXn ]dbm≥ X∂ym hnfn®v.'
"F¥m Hm\v ?'
"Hm\v XrØme kvIqfnev tNcWw∂v tamlw≠v'
"Dw, Hm\p ]Tn®n´v Hcp tNmdmbm¬ Hmt‚SØn\mhqt√m.'
]mdp°p´n hmXnen¬ \Jw sIm≠p hc®p. hnjmZw Ie¿∂ kzcØn¬ ]d™p.
"t∂s°m≠p Ign™ns´m∂z√. Hms‚ tamlw AXm®m¬...'
"Dw ]Tn°s´... Ht°‰n\pw sZbvshmcp hgn I≠n´v≠mhpw ]mdq´ytΩ'
3.1.14 ]m´pIY
""]m´v Hcp hyhlmc cq]a√. \nch[n hyhmlc cq]ßfpsS Iq´mbvabmWv
]m´pIƒ''5 hnhn[Xcw ]m´pIƒ D≠v. Ip´nsb Dd°p∂Xn\mbn AΩam¿ ]m´v ]mSn
sImSp°mdp≠v. Xmcm´v ]mSnbmWv Dd°mdp≈Xv. t\mhen¬ A∏pÆn
sNdnb°p´nbmbncp∂ ImeØv AΩ Ahs‚ Acbn¬ Xmfw ]nSn®v ]m´v ]mSn
sImSp°mdp≠v . tImS°m¿ h¿Æ\pw tKm]nIamcpw tKm°sf ta®p \S°pw
ImesØ∏‰nbp≈ ]m´pw, {ioIrjvWs‚ \√hcn s\√ns‚ tNmdpw e¥Ipcp sIm≠v
Iq´m\pw D≠ Hcp ]m´pw. ]pcmhrØIYIfpambn _‘s∏´ ]m´pIfmWv ChnsS
ImWp∂Xv.
3.1.15 ]pcmhrØ IYm]m{X߃
]pcmhrØIYm]m{XßtfmSv Xs‚ IYm]m{Xßsf Fw.Sn kmZriys∏SpØp∂p.
t\mhense IYm]m{Xamb A∏pÆn Xs‚ A—s\ sIm∂ skbvXmenIp´nsb
ImWptºmƒ Aºeap‰Øv ]≠v IYIfn \S∂t∏mƒ Zp»mk\s‚ s\©Øp
Ibdnbncp∂ `oa≥ hb¿ Iodns∏mfn®p IpS¬ame ]pdsØSp°p∂ cwKw Hm¿Ωn°p∂p.
AXpt]mse skbvXmen°p´nbpsS s\©n¬ Ibdnbncp∂v Ah≥ hb¿Iodn IpS¬ame
]pdsØSp°p∂Xv Hm¿Ωn°pIbmWv.
144
 apØm®n F∂ IYm]m{Xw A∏phnt\mSv A—s‚ hocIYIƒ ]dbpIbmWv.

tIm¥pÆn ]mdp°p´os\ It´zmt≠mbn CXns\ cmhW≥ ]pjv]I hnam\Øn¬

koXsb I´Xnt\mSpw A¿÷p\≥ kp`{Zsb I´Xnt\mSpw kmZriys∏SpØnbncn°p∂p.

hS°≥ ]m´p IYIfnse N¥phpw Xt®mfn HtX\\pw A¶w sh´n Pbn® IYIƒ

ChnsS kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v.

hS°≥ ]m´nse DÆn HcmWns\ apSn°p≈n¬ Hfn∏n®p \n¿Øn Acbv°p

sh≈Øn¬ apSnbgn®n´p \n∂p sIm≠v. cm{Xn Bßfam¿ t]mbt∏mƒ DÆnbpsS

apdnbn¬ Abmƒ sN∂p. cmhnse ]mWs‚ thjØn¬ c£s∏´ IY AΩnWn F∂

IYm]m{Xw A∏phnt\mSv hnhcn°p∂p. Ncn{XmJymXamb "dmWn e£van`mbv'bpsS

IYbpw t\mhen¬ kqNn∏n°p∂ Hcp kµ¿`ap≠v.

acn®pt]mb Bflm°fmb s]mtdΩm≥, \mcmbWΩm≥ ChcpsS IYIsfbpw

ChnsS Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂p. \mcmbWΩms\∏‰n Hm¿°ptºmƒ `b¶c shdp∏pw Ad∏pw

tXm∂pw. Abmƒ Hcp acpaIsf Nhn´n sIm∂n´p≠v. A]arXyphcn®hcpsS Bflmhv

KXnIn´msX Ae™p \S°p∂ IYsb ChnsS kqNn∏n°p∂p.

3.1.16 ISw sIm≈¬

""Hcp `mjbn¬ a‰p `mjIfn¬ \n∂p ]Z߃ kzoIcn°p∂Xns\ "ISw hmßpI'

F∂mWv ]dbp∂Xv''.6 Hcp `mjbn¬ ]ZkºØn¬ am{XamWv CXc`mjm kzm[o\w

ImWp∂Xv. ISw sIm≠ ]Z߃ "\mepsI´n¬' hym]Iambn ImWp∂p≠v.Ah Xmsg

sImSp-°p-∂p.

3.1.16.1 {]mIrX ]Z-߃

""Ct¥m Cdm-\n-b≥ D]-Ip-e-Øn¬s∏´ `mj-I-fn¬ ae-bm-f-hp-ambn BZyw

kº¿°-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´Xv {]mIr-X`- m-jI - m-Wv.''7 _p≤-aX

- f - °
- m-cn-eq-sS-bmWv ]men F∂

{]mIrXw tIc-f-Øn-se-Øn-b-Xv. tIc-fob kmwkvIm-cnI cwKØv ssP\-∑m¿ {InkvXp-

h¿jm-cw-`Ø
- n\p ap≥]v Xs∂ kzm[o\w sNepØn XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. {]mIr-X]
- T
- \
- Ø
- n\v

tIc-fob hnZym-`ymk k{º-Zm-bØ

- n¬ ÿm\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. t\mh-en¬ hcp∂ ]Z-߃.

145
A®mcw ˛ ap≥]Ww (k-®w-Imc)-

Ddp-∏nI ˛ Hcp sh≈n \mWbw (dp]nb)

sIm´n¬ ˛ ]ipsXmgpØv (sImSvTK)
Hm—m\w ˛ BZ-c-hn-\mbn hmbv ad-bv°pI (Hm-—m-bW)
3.1.16.2 kwkvIrX ]Z-߃
tIc-fo-bc
- psS kwkvIrX kº¿°-Øn\v hgnsXfn®Xv sshZnI {_m“-Wc
- mWv.

{_m“-W¿ kmlnXyhym]m-cw- \-SØ

- n-bn-cp-∂Xv Bcy`mjm-]Z- ß
- ƒ Ie¿∂ tIc-f`
- m-j-
bnep-am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-bm-f`
- m-jsb kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw G‰hpw henb IS-∏mSv kwkvIr-
X-tØm-Sm-Wv. ""kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ t]mse-Xs∂ {_m“-W¿ tPymXn-im-kv{Xw, X®p-im-
kv{Xw, X¿°w, thZm-¥w, sshZyw, a{¥-hmZw XpSßn \nc-h[n hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ae-

bm-f-Øn¬ hym]mc {KŸ-߃ cNn-®p''.8 Kp≠¿´v F∂ \nL-≠p-Im-c≥ ae-bm-f-Øn¬

X’-aa
- mbn IS∂p IqSnb kwkvIr-X]
- Z- ß
- sf Ahbv°v A¿Yn-aX
- e
- Ø
- n¬ am‰-ßs
- fm∂pw
kw`-hn-®n-´n-s√-¶n¬ Hgn-hm-°p-Ib
- mWv sNbvXX
- v. kwkvIr-XØ
- n¬ \n∂pw BZm\w sNø-
s∏´ Nne ]Z-߃ "\mep-sI-´n¬' ImWp-∂p-≠v. Ah Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.
A¥kv ˛ Ipeo-\X, ]Zhn (A-‘-kv)

A®mcw ˛ sImSp-°¬ hmß-ens‚ Dd-∏nte°p ap≥Iq-dmbn \¬Ip∂

{Zhyw(kXyw-Imc)
A\-¥c
- h
- ≥ ˛ ]n¥p-S¿®-Im-c≥ (A-\-¥c )
Ah-Imiw ˛ right (A-hI
- mi)
Ah[n ˛ Hgnhv(A-h-[n)

ASn-b¥
- ncw ˛ BtLmjw (b{¥w )
AßmSnv ˛ Itºm-fw, hym]m-c-tI{µw (irw-Km-S-Iw)
DtZym-Kÿ
- ≥ ˛ Poh-\-°m-c≥ (D-tZymK)
IeymWw ˛ hnhmlw (I-eymW )
Imc-Wh
- ¿ ˛ IpSpw-_-\m-Y≥ (Im-cW)

sIm´n¬ ˛ ]ip-sXm-gpØv (tKm-jvT)

146
tImhWn ˛ Bim-cn -]WnXp≠m-°nb GWn-bmWv tImhWn (t{i-Wn)
]Ww ˛ \mep-N{Iw hne hcp-∂Xpw sh≈n-bn¬ D≠m-°p-∂-Xp-amb Xncp-
hn-Xmw-Iq¿ \mW-bw (]W)
]oSnI ˛ I®-hS ÿew (]o-Tw)
`wKn ˛ kuµcyw (`wKn)
iºfw ˛ thX-\w, Iqen (iw-_-e)
km[\w ˛ km[-\-߃, \ntXym-]-tbmK km[-\-߃ CXymZn {]tbm-K-ß-
fn¬ "I¨kyq-a¿ KpUvkv' F∂ A¿∞-amWv km[-\Ø
- n-\p-≈X
- v.
(D-]I
- c
- Ww)
3.1.16.3 lnµn ]Z-߃
tImkdn ˛ (Qudari)
_oUn ˛ Ce-bn¬ Np°m h®p-sX-dpØ ]pI-hen km[\w (_o-Un)
Nmb ˛ tXbne ]mI-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn´p shs¥-Sp-°p∂ ]m\obw (Nm-bv, tX)
"tX' ssN\okv
3.1.16.4 t]¿jy≥ ]Z-߃
Im°n ˛ aÆns‚ \nd-ap≈ Hcp hI XpWn (Jm-Io)
Xami ˛ Nncn-bv°m≥ hI \¬Ip-∂Xv (X-am-i)
aøØv ˛ arX-i-cocw (a-ø-Xv)
hmin ˛ Bthiw (_mZn -)
3.1.16.5 Ad_n ]Z-߃
A√m, A√mlp ˛ Cuiz-c≥ (A-√m-lv)
IØv ˛ FgpØv (J-Xv)
]Øncn ˛ tKmXºpamhp sIm≠p-≠m-°p∂ I\w Ipd™ Hcp Xcw A∏w
(^-Xo¿ )
t]m°‰v ˛ Ioi (Io-k-lv)
_m°n ˛ an®-ap-≈Xv (_m-Io)
h°o¬ ˛ \ymb-]o-TsØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn®p hyh-l-cn-°p-∂-h≥ (h-I-o¬ )
147
3.1.16.6 eØo≥ ]Z-߃

tIc-f-Øn¬ h∂p t]mbn-sIm-≠n-cp∂ tdma≥ hym]m-cn-I-fmWv eØo≥ `mj

tIc-fo-b¿°p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv. tdma≥ \mW-b-߃ tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw
Is≠-Sp-Øn-´p-≠.v t]m¿Øp-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS hc-thmSp IqSn-bmWv eØo≥ ]Z-߃ {InkvXym-
\n-If
- psS hyh-lm-c`- m-jb
- mbn amdn-bX
- v. eØo≥ kzm[o\w h¿≤n-®X
- n\p as‰mcp ImcWw
Cw•ojv hnZym-`ym-k-am-Wv. A[nIw ]Z-ß-sfm∂pw t\mh-en¬ hcp-∂n-√. ""{InkvXym-\n''

F∂ Hcp ]Zw t\mh-en¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

{InkvXym\n ˛ {InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h≥ (Christiani) (ss{IkvX-h¿)
3.1.16.7 t]m¿Øp-Kokv ]Z-߃
Itkc ˛ Hcp Xcw ]oTw (Kadira)

Ipin\n ˛ ASp-°f (Ozinha)

tIm∏ ˛ Hcp Xcw ]m{Xw (Copo)
P\¬ ˛ Infn-hm-Xn¬ (jannella)
Xqhme ˛ ssItekv (To alha)
t]\ ˛ teJn\n (Penna)

tai ˛ (Mesa)
dm¥¬ ˛ NnΩn\n hnf°v (lanterna)
3.1.16.8 ]d¶nIƒ ISw hmßnb ]Z߃
Nne ]Z߃ t\mhen¬ hcp∂p≠v. Ah,
AS°(Areca nut)

AΩ(Amah)
Hme(Ola)
I™n(Congee)
aÆmØn(Mainatc)
amß (Mango)

sh‰ne(Betel)
148
3.1.16.9 ssN\okpImcn¬ \n∂pw ISw hmßnb ]Z߃

ssN\okv ]Z߃ A[nIsam∂pw `mjbn¬ IS∂p IqSnbn´n√. Nne ]Z߃

am{Xw. t\mhen¬ "No\®´n' F∂ Hcp ]Zw am{XamWv ]d™n´p≈Xv.
3.1.17 Cw•ojv `mjm kzm[o\w
""sshtZinI `mjIfn¬ Cw•ojmWv aebmfsØ Gsd kzm[o\n®n´p≈Xv.''9
aebmf `mjbn¬ Cw•ojv `mjbnse [mcmfw ]Z߃ IS∂p IqSnbXv Cw•ojv `cW`mj

BbXp sIm≠mWv. Cw•ojv `mjm {]tbmKw Cu t\mhen¬ [mcmfw ImWp∂p≠v.

kw`mjWØn¬ bmZr›nIambmWv CØcw D®mcWw D≠mIp∂Xv. DZmlcW߃,
]yq¨, satΩm, slUvamÿ, kvtImf¿jn∏v, sdh\yq Ãmºv, lukvt_m´v,
A]vssf, cPnÿ, hnjv bp KpUv e°v, tIm¨UIvSv k¿´n^n°‰v, {Sn_nƒ, amt\P¿,

Pq\nb¿ F°u≠‚ v, Ãm^v ¢_v, tIcwkv t_m¿Uv, Znkokvan, kvs]knsa≥kv,

IymcIvS¿, Izm¿t´gvkv, ^o¬Uv ssd‰¿, sUbv‰v, skh≥ X¿´n, s_Ãv hnjkv, Xm¶vbq,
t_mW v, {_tZgvkpw kntÃgvkpw
3.1.18 ssieo {]tbmK߃ ]gs©m√pIƒ
ssienIfpw ]gs©m√pIfpw `mjsbbpw kwkvImcsØbpw ]ckv]cw

ka\zbn∏n°p∂p. `mj \∂mIWsa¶n¬ kµ¿`Øn\\pkcn®v ssienIfpw

{]tbmKßfpw D]tbmKn°Ww. ""{]tXyI i‡nbpw `wKnbpap≠mIØ°hÆw
Iq´nt®¿Øv D]tbmKn®p hcp∂Xpw hmNym¿∞w am{Xap≈Xpamb ]ZkaqlamWv
{]tbmKw.'' 10 "\mepsI´n'¬ ssienIfpsSbpw ]gs©m√pIfpsSbpw {]tbmKw
ImWp∂p≠v.

3.1.18.1 ssienIƒ
1. A¥w Ip¥weym≠v ˛ bmsXm∂pw AdnbmsX.
2. AcnØncn IØn®p sh® t]mse ˛ tim` ]q¿WambXv.
3. CSnapg°w t]mse ˛ sR´n∏n°pI.
4. C∂esØ agbv°p s]mSn®p XIc ˛ s]s´∂v D≠mbXv.

5. Hcp IpSw sh≈ aqdpw hmbn¬ ˛ \∂mbn sImXntXm∂n°pI.

149
6. H‰ØSn ˛ Bcpan√.

7. IÆp a™fn°p∂Xpt]mse ˛ h√mbvatXm∂pI.

8. IÆpIƒ Xd™pt]mb t]mse ˛ IsÆSp°msX t\m°pI.
9. sImfw tImcpI ˛ \in°pI.
10. tImcnØcn∏v IS∂p t]mbXp t]mse ˛ tImcnØcn°pI.
11. Nh®nd°pI ˛ HcpImcyw Xo¿Øp ]dbmsX a\ n¬ hbv°pI.

12. NpfpNpfp∂s\ ˛ h√mbva A\p`hs∏SpI.

13. Nqfw IpØpI ˛ ASbmfs∏SpØpI.
14. X´nbpw ap´nbpw ˛ sNdnb CW°hpw ]nW°hpw.
15. XtesegvØp \∂mbn√ ˛ KpWw ]nSn°p∂n√.

16. Xo¿®ow aq¿®ow ˛ Dd∏n°pI.

17. sXmenbpcnbp∂Xp t]mse ˛ clkyw shfnhm°pI, sXmens]mfn®p
kXymhÿ hy‡am°pI F∂ kmcw.
18. \m°‰ t]mse \n∂p t]mbn ˛ adp]Sn ]dbm≥ C√msX.
19. \mgnbpw Dcnbpw ˛ A¬∏w.

20. s\eadnbmsX \S°pI ˛ aXnad∂v \S°pI.

21. t\cpw s\dnbpw ˛ kXyw, kwkmcn°pI, {]hyØn°pI.
22. ]n®sØ≠pI ˛ `n£ bmNn°pI.
23. ]pgpØ ]´nsbt]mse B´ntbmSn°pI ˛ shdp°s∏SpI.
24. at≠sehc \∂mhWw ˛ ssZhhn[n am‰mhp∂X√.

25. apJw Idp°pI ˛ CjvSs∏SmØXv ]dbpI.

26. aq°‰w IpSn°pI ˛ AanXambn aZy]m\w sNøpI.
27. h≈nbpw ]p≈nbpw ˛ GsXmcp hyXymkhpw C√msX.
28. hmepw X‰p ]n∂mse \S°pw ˛ H∂n\v ]pdsI H∂mbn.
29. shÆo¿°p≠n¬ ]´n InS∂p Nmhp∂Xp t]mse ˛ \odn\odnbncn°pI.

30. ththyfw \n∂m Bthmfw \n°Ww ˛ £a.

150
3.1.18.2 ]gs©m√pIƒ

1. A‰Iønev D∏p tXbv°n√y -˛ Adp]nip°≥.

2. HmtSy hgn°p ]p√p apfbv°n√ ˛ Poh\pw sIm≠v c£s∏SpI.
3. s\eØph®m Ddpºcn°pw Xteep sh®m t]≥ ISn°pw ˛ emfn®p hf¿ØpI.
3.1.19 h¿Æt`Zw
h¿Æt`Zw hcp∂ ]Z-߃.

Abv\v ˛ AXn\v
AhjyamWv ˛ BhiyamWv
D¿∏nI ˛ Ddp∏nI
Fdßn ˛ Cdßn

F∏fpw ˛ Ft∏mgpw
Hbvhm°pI ˛ Hgnhm°pI
IgoW ˛ Ignbp∂
Iønep ˛ Iøn¬
tNmbn°pw ˛ tNmZn°pw

tNm´nep ˛ Nph´n¬
tXmi ˛ tZmi
Zamj ˛ Xami
sZbvhw ˛ ssZhw
t\¿tØ ˛ t\ctØ

]n´v ˛ ]p´v
]vcm¥v ˛ {`m¥v
samX¬ ˛ apX¬
emØncn ˛ cm{Xn
shØntew ˛ sh‰ne

shdbv°pw ˛ hndbv°pw
151
jv°qfv ˛ kvIqƒ

kΩ¥n ˛ NΩ¥n
kΩ¥w ˛ kw_‘w
]Za[yØnse "°'bv°pw "ß'bv°pw apºnep≈ "b' Imtcm®mcWw h∂ ]Z߃
hgpX\bvß ˛ hgpX\ß
sh≠bv° ˛ sh≠°

hmgbv° ˛ hmg°
ASbv° ˛ AS°
Cßs\bp≈ ]Z{]tbmKw IqSpXepw ImWp∂Xv sX°≥ tIcfØnemWv.
F∂m¬ Nne ]Z߃ Cu t\mhenepw ]cma¿in®ncn°p∂Xmbn ImWmw.

AS°¬, ]dn°¬ F∂o ]Z߃ km[mcWbmsW¶nepw Cu ]Z߃ a‰p

]ZßtfmSp tN¿Øp]tbmKn°p∂ coXnbn¬ `mjt`Z߃°p XΩn¬ hyXymkw
ImWmw.
DZm: \mfntIcw CS¬, ASbv° ]dn°¬ F∂nßs\bmWv t\mhen¬
kqNn∏n°p∂Xv.

3.1.19.1 ap…ow P\hn`mKØns‚ kwkmc`mjbpambn _‘s∏´ ]Z߃

A≈m ˛ ssZhw
As‚ ˛ \ns‚
C_vStv ØmSv ˛ ChStØmSv
C÷v ˛ \o

C»n ˛ CØncn
CßSv ˛ Ctßm´v
C∏fm ˛ Ct∏mgm
Dk¿ ˛ Xt‚Sw
Hmfv ˛ `mcy

RΩfp ˛ \Ωƒ
152
ßfp ˛ \n߃

]S®h≥ ˛ Cuizc≥
t]mhpºfm ˛ t]mIptºmgm
a\vk≥ ˛ a\pjy≥
aøØv ˛ acn°pI
knXoseØpI ˛ ÿnXoseØpI

3.1.19.2 "h' Imcw "_' Imcambn amdp∂ ]Z߃

_sS ˛ ChnsS
_≠o ˛ h≠n
s_kaw ˛ hnjaw

t_PmdmhpI ˛ hnjan°mXncn°pI
C_fnt∏m ˛ Chfnt∏mƒ
3.1.19.3 kw`mjWØn¬ tem]w h∂ ]Z߃
AΩdtßym ˛ AΩ Ddßntbm
Ccp´v≠tem ˛ Ccp´v D≠t√m

FSv°W ˛ FSp°p∂
Ftf ˛ Cfb
H∂q√ymtΩ ˛ H∂pan√ AtΩ
It´ymt≠mbn ˛ I´p sIm≠p t]mbn
NXn®yt√m ˛ NXn®p At√m

Nt¥zm ˛ N¥p
Xc≠v ˛ XcWp≠v
X∂ym ˛ X\nsb
sXc°n√ym®m¬ ˛ Xnc°ns√¶n¬
\nevt°cv∂v ˛ \n¬°pImbncp∂p

]qhmbncp∂ns√Sym ˛ t]mImambncp∂nt√Sm
153
aXytΩ ˛ aXn AtΩ

aq∂nsk¶nepw ˛ aq∂p Znhkw F¶nepw

th≠ycpw ˛ th≠n hcpw
sshtKy ˛ sshIntb
s‚ ˛ Fs‚
»ymbn ˛ hb mbn

kpK√ym ˛ kpJan√
3.1.20 \nc¿XvYI i_vZ߃
t\mh-en¬ hcp-∂h Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.
"IS IS'

"]fv¶p ]fv¶p'
"]v^m'
"Xv^q'
"Nd]d'
3.1.21 `mjmt`Z]Z߃
h≈ph\mS≥ {KmaoW kwkvImcØn¬ \n∂pbcp∂ `mjbmWv "\mepsI´n¬'
ImWp∂Xv . ]Z{]tbmKßfnse√mw Xs∂ {]mtZinIX ImWp∂p. `mjbpsS
{]mtZinIXzw hnfnt®mXp∂ At\Iw ]Z߃ Cu IrXnbn¬ ImWmw. Aßs\bp≈
]Z߃ Xmsg sImSp°p∂p.
AßmSn ˛ N¥

AW ˛ ss]k
A®mcw ˛ AUzm≥kv
AbnØw ˛ Aip≤w
AØmgw ˛ cm{Xn`£Ww
Acniw ˛ tZjyw

AØmWn ˛ NpaSpXmßn, A`b ÿew

154
ASbv° ˛ ]m°v

Akmcw ˛ IqSpX¬
BhemXnIƒ ˛ hnjaXIƒ
Ccºw ˛ i_vZw
C√w ˛ hoSv
CØncn ˛ Aev]w

Cdbw ˛ hcm¥
CSnbd ˛ ]p≈p-h-°pSw
Cuºnb ˛ NqjWw sNbvX
Dinc≥ ˛ kma¿∞yap≈h≥

Ddp∏nI ˛ cq]
Ddn ˛ Blm-ck
- m-[\
- ß
- ƒ Db-cØ
- n¬ sI´n-Xq-°n-bn-Sp-∂Xv
D≈¥n ˛ a\ v thZ-\n°pI
DΩdhmXn¬ ˛ ap≥hm-Xn¬
DÆn°nSmhv ˛ sNdnb°p´n

Debp∂p ˛ CfIp∂p
Dcp°gn°pI ˛ Bh¿Øn°pI
Ducv ˛ \mSv
Du°v ˛ i‡n
FShpw hehpw ˛ CSXpw heXpw

Fc°m≥ ˛ bmNn°m≥
F{ºmXncn ˛ \ºq-Xncn
FcpXv ˛ Imf
G‰p ˛ kΩ-Xn-®p
GSp ˛ Xmfv

G°w ˛ s\Sp-ho¿∏v
155
Gdv ˛ FdnbpI

Hcqs´ms° Hd®n´m ˛ NnesXms° Xocpam\n®n´m

Ht°‰n\pw ˛ F√mØn\pw
Hcpºt´mƒ ˛ F¥n\pw t]m∂hƒ
HXps°dßpI ˛ ]ShndßpI
H°Øp ˛ Acbn¬

H-tfm¿amhv ˛ H-cn\w henb amhv

H® ˛ i_vZw
Hmcn ˛ Iqh¬
Hmhnev ˛ HmSbn¬

Hmhd ˛ aq{X hnk¿÷\Øn\p≈ apdn

Hm≥ ˛ Ah≥
Hm°m\w ˛ a\w ]pc-´¬
HmaØøv ˛ ]∏mbssX
I≠w ˛ hb¬

Icns¶md ˛ Hcp XhW Irjn sNøp∂ ÿew

Iøme ˛ aXnev
IfØn¬°Ωƒ ˛ k¿∏-Øp-≈-ens‚ ]qPm-cnsb "If-Øn¬°Ω'sf∂mWv
hnfn-°pI. ]p≈p-h≥ \n¿t±iw sImSp-°p∂p. "IΩƒ'
]qPn-°p-∂p.

I≠w ˛ hb¬
I∂n\ow ]bv°fow ˛ I∂pw ]iphpw
Ihpfn¬ ˛ Ihnfn¬
Ihpßv ˛ IapIv (ASbv°macw)
ISmbbv°SpØv ˛ ISbpsS ASpØv

Ibw ˛ sh≈°pgn
156
Imiv ˛ ss]k/cq]

Imdv sIm≈pI ˛ BIm-i-Øn¬ taL-߃ Xnßn-°q-SpI

Iodm amdm∏v ˛ Hcn°epw XocmØ {]iv\w
Ipd®nS ˛ Aev]t\cw
Ip´ym¿°pI ˛ IqSn \n∂v B¿Øp-hn-fn-°pI
IpSp°w ˛ apdp°w

Iqºmft°mWapSpØp ˛ IqºmfsIm≠p≈ tImWIw DSpØp

Iq´p IXn\t]mse ˛ Iq´shSn
sIm≈n ˛ hnd-Ip-Iºv
sIm´n¬ ˛ sXmgpØv

sIm߬ ˛ IgpØv
tImembn ˛ DΩdw
tImkdn ˛ ]pX∏v
tImkSn ˛ I\w Ipd™ InS°
tIm∏ ˛ H-cn\w sNdnb ]m\-]m{Xw

ssIbme ˛ sNdnb aXn¬

Nfn ˛ sNfn
N¥w ˛ `wKn
Nmcp]Sn ˛ Nmcnbn-cn-°-Ø° hn[w XSn-sIm-≠p-≠m-°nb Ccn-∏nSw
Nm¬ ˛ sh≈w t]mIp∂ hgn

Nmf ˛ IpSn¬
Nncß ˛ Hcp ]®°dn
Nndn ˛ hmbv
No¥ne ˛ sNdnb Ce/ Ce°jvWw
Npcam¥n ˛ aÆp-am-¥pI

sN°≥ ˛ ]ø≥
157
sN√w ˛ sh‰nebnSp∂ ]m{Xw

sNdpanIƒ ˛ Xmgv∂ PmXnbn¬s∏´h¿

sNΩÆp ˛ Nph∂ aÆv

sNe¥n ˛ Nne¥n

sNmSn°pI ˛ tZjys∏SpI

sNm√phnfn ˛ hnfnt∏cv

tNme≠v ˛ `wKnbp≠v

PmkvXn ˛ [mcmfw

sRmSn ˛ \nanjm¿∞Øn¬

™ns]mt°mfo ˛ \o t]mbvt°mfq

X®p ˛ Xbv®p (ASnbv°pI)

Xøv ˛ kv{Xo

Xºpcm≥ ]Sn° ˛ Xºp-cm≥ apºmsI

XΩnØ®p ˛ XΩneSn®p

X∂ym ˛ AsX

XmhgnIƒ ˛ ss]XrIw

Xnßn¬ ˛ Xnc°n¬

Xn≠v ˛ hcºv

Xncpºn ˛ Igp-IpI

XncpΩpI ˛ Aa¿Øn tXbv°pI

Xp∂pI ˛ Xbv°pI

Xphcm\n´ncn°p∂ ˛ tXmcm\n´

sXcfpI ˛ XncfpI, EXphmIpI.

tXhm≥ ˛ hrØn-bm-°m≥

tXhn ˛ tImcpI

158
sXmSn ˛ ]dºv

tXm∂ymkn ˛ tXm∂n-bXv t]mse Pohn-°p-∂-h≥, sXΩmSn

Zo\w ˛ AkpJw
tZlZfiw ˛ tZlm-kzmÿyw
\´{] ˛ A¿≤-cm{Xn
\mfntIcw ˛ tXß

\m°ne ˛ Xqi\ne
s\ج ˛ \tØmen ao≥
]IntSw ˛ NqXp-Ifn
]jvWn ˛ ]´nWn

]Xw ˛ arZphmb
]Wn t]dm≥ ˛ ]Wn FSp°pI
]cepw Ipdp¥ebpw ˛ sNdnb a’yw
]Xn‰Sn hncoW ˛ ]Øv NphSv
]¶mbw ˛ Xpg

]cºpXSp°p ˛ Nqcep sIm≠p≈ sNdnb ]mb

]mjmWw ˛ hnjw
]n´pw ISeow ˛ ]p´pw ISebpw
]nW®v sI´n ˛ Ipcp°n sI´pI
]n™mWw ˛ ]m{Xw

]oSnI ˛ IS
]pWymlw ˛ ip≤n
]qØ]Ww ˛ [mcmfw ]Ww
]qapJw ˛ DΩdw
]qgn ˛ aÆv

]pSapdn ˛ ]pShsImSp°¬
159
]qfpIƒ ˛ Ij-Wß
- ƒ

]qXn ˛ B{Klw
s]cØtdev ˛ hoSns‚ Xdbn¬
s]dpw ˛ {]khn°pw
s]men°¬ ˛ h¿≤n°pI
s]m¥mØ ˛ DbcmØ

s]m≈®ncn ˛ I≈®ncn
at≠se ˛ Xe-bnse
a≠pI ˛ HmSpI
amcm¿ ˛ Aº-eØ
- n¬ sN≠ sIm´p-∂b
- mƒ

a®v ˛ X´n≥]pdw
amπm¿ ˛ ap…o-߃
amjv ˛ A≤ym]I≥
amdm∏v ˛ `mfiw
aq∏cv ˛ Hcp hy‡n

aq∏v ˛ aqØXv
saXnbSn ˛ ]mZc£
saØmcW ˛ I´nens‚ Im¬°epw Xebv°epap≈ Db¿∂ `mKw
ta°´ptIdpI ˛ sa°n´ptIdpI
samfnbne ˛ Xfn-cne

tamdn ˛ IgpIn
tam¥n°v ˛ k‘y°v
cioXn ˛ ckoXv
tcma m¬h ˛ tcma-°p-∏mbw
e¥°pcp ˛ Hcp hr£-Øns‚ Imbv

h‰v ˛ tNmdv
160
h´oep s]d∂pt∂≈q ˛ hb‰n¬ ]nd∂psht∂bp≈q

h√n ˛ h≈n
h√s°m´ ˛ sXtßme saS™ henb Ip´
hb- ≥ ˛ {]mbap≈ Bƒ
hncn∏phnf ˛ I∂nIrjn
hnjmZ—mb ˛ ZpxJ`mhw

hoi¬°mc≥ ˛ ao≥]nSpØ°mc≥
sh°m\hv ˛ agbv°nSbv°p≈ shbn¬
shk\w ˛ hyk\w
thjvSn ˛ ap≠v

thfn ˛ IeymWw
hyk\n°pI ˛ ZpxJn°pI
ssha\kyw ˛ hnjmZw
iImcnbv°pI ˛ hg°p ]dbpI
ioe ˛ XpWn

ipWvTn ˛ tZjyw
kw_‘°mc≥ ˛ `¿Ømhv
dm¥¬ ˛ hnf°v
du° ˛ ap…ow kv{XoI-fpsS hkv{Xw

3.2. "Be-ml-bpsS s]¨a-°-ƒ'

3.2.1 I¿Ømhpw IrXnbpw

kmdmtPmk^v : 1946˛¬ Xriq¿ Pn√bn¬ Ipcnb®ndbn¬ kmdm tPmk^v P\n®p.
]nXmhv eqbnkv, amXmhv sIm®padnbw. tNet°m´pImc am¿ XntamYnbqkv sslkvIqfn¬
hnZym`ymkw. Kh¨sa‚ v tImtfPv A[ym]nIbmbn hncan®p. tIcfØnse s^an\nkv‰v
{]ÿm\Øns‚ {][m\ kwLmSIbpw {]h¿ØIbpw tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan

saºdpambncp∂p.
161
 h¿Øam\Ime PohnXØns‚ s\©nSn∏pIƒ Bfls\mºctØmsS

t\m°nImWp∂ FgpØpImcnbmWv kmdmtPmk^v. B´nbI‰s∏´ Iogv PmXn°mtcmSpw

kaXzhpw kzmX{¥yhpw \ntj[n°s∏´ kv{XoItfmSpamWv Ah¿°v ImcpWyw. CXn\p
ImcW°mcmb A[oii‡nIƒs°XnscbmWv kmdm Znimt_m[ap≈ k¿§mflmI
cN\IfneqsS Iem]w \SØp∂Xv. 1999˛¬ {]kn≤oIcn® aebmf t\mhemWv
"BemlbpsS s]¨a°ƒ'. "am‰mØn', HX∏v, DucvImh¬ F∂nh CXc t\mhepIfmWv.

kmdmtPmk^n\pw AhcpsS IrXnIƒ°pw temIhym]Iamb AwKoImcw t\Sn

sImSpØ IrXnbmWv. "BemlbpsS s]¨a°ƒ'. 2001˛se tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan
Ahm¿Uv, 2003˛se tI{µkmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv, 2004˛se hbem¿ cmah¿Ω
Ahm¿Uv F∂nh Cu t\mh¬ Icÿam°n. 2011˛¬ DucpImhen\v {]Ya H.hn. hnPb≥

kmlnXy ]pckvImcw e`n®p. \mKcnIXbpsS KXnthKØn¬ Aa¿∂p t]mb Hcp

P\XbpsS ÿeIme thcpIfpw `mjbpw hos≠Sp°m≥ Cu t\mh¬ {ian°p∂p.
`mjbpsS hyhlmcØnepw kzcØnepw hyXykvXamb Iogmf P\hn`mKw t\mhens‚
i‡n LSIamW.v {InkvXob PohnXØnse F√m XeØnepw sNepØnb kzm[o\w
t\mhen¬ hy‡amIp∂p. ]nimNns\ HmSn°m\p≈ {]m¿∞\ Hcp anØmbn t\mhen¬

h¿Øn°p∂p. B\n, AΩmΩ, Ip´n∏m∏≥, sIm®®≥ XpSßnb IYm]m{XßfneqsS

Hcp {]tXyI kaqlØns‚ PohnXw \mw Adnbp∂p. cmambW IYbv°v Iogmf
ImgvN∏mSn¬ ]p\cmJym\w \SØnb t\mhemWv "DucpImh¬'.
{]tabw :- tIm°m©nd F∂ ÿesØ F´v hb p≈ B\n F∂
IYm]m{XØneqsS t\mhens\°pdn®v {]Xn]mZn°p∂p. tIm°m©dsb

A\`nejWobamb ÿeambn hnhcn°p∂p. tIm°m©dbnse s]mXphmbn shdp∏pw

tZjyhpw {]ISn∏n°p∂ hg°mfnIfmb Ip´nIsf°pdn®v B\nbpsS A[ym]Icpw
]dbp∂p. B\nbpw IpSpw_hpw AhnsS \n∂p amdp∂Xn\p apºp Xs∂ tIm°m©nd
arKmhinjvS߃ sIm≠p X≈p∂ Hcp ÿeambncp∂p. tIm°m©dbnse BfpIƒ
tXm´n∏Wn°mtcm sXcphp hrØnbm°p∂htcm Bb D∂X hn`mKØm¬

ASn®a¿Øs∏Sp∂ ZfnXtcm A[xÿnXh¿§°mtcm Bbncp∂p. AhcpsS

162
ASnÿm\]camb AhImi߃ AwKoIcn°s∏SmXncn°p∂p F¶nepw Xriq¿

]´WØn\v ChcpsS tkh\w Bhiyambncn°p∂p F∂v kmdm tPmk^v ]dbp∂p.

\KchXvIcWØns‚bpw ]ptcmKa\Øns‚bpw t]cn¬ ÿm\{`wiw kw`hn® Cu

hn`mKamWv t\mhens‚ {][m\ hnjbw. Xmgv∂ \nehmcØn¬ Bbncp∂ Cu P\߃

hfsc Ffp∏Øn¬ XßfpsS kzm`mhnI coXnbpw Xmak ÿeßfpw Dt]£n®v

]e\ne sI´nSßfpsSbpw hf¿∂p sIm≠ncn°p∂ ]pXnb coXnIfpsSbpw

kºØns‚bpw ]n∂mse t]mbn. B\n X\n°p Np‰pap≈ sImSn®nbßmSn, sIm°m©d

F∂o ÿeßfn¬ D≠mb Cu ]pXnb am‰Øn\v km£nbmbn. B\nbpsS Ip´nØw

\nd™ IÆneqsS Cu am‰w Xs∂bpw Xs‚ IpSpw_tØbpw _m[n®Xns\°pdn®v

hniZoIcn°p∂p. inipklPamb emfnXytØmsS H‰ apdn hoSpIƒ \in® ÿm\Øv

henb _w•mhpIfpw AhfpsS hoSn\p kao]ap≈ Xcnip`qanbn¬ ]WnX

tIm¨sh‚ns\°pdn®pw B\n \nco£Ww \SØp∂p.

c≠p {][m\ am[ya߃ FgpØpImcn Cu t\mhen¬ D]tbmKn°p∂p. Ah

""BemlbpsS {]m¿∞\bpw'' ""Aac]¥epw'' BWv. IYbnepS\ofw B[n]Xyw

]pe¿ØpIbpw \nb{¥n°pIbpw sNøp∂ c≠v {]XoIßfmbn BemlbpsS

{]m¿∞\bpw Aac]¥epw \n¬°p∂p. t\mhens‚ BZy `mKßfn¬ B\nbpsS

k¶¬∏ßfn¬ Aac]¥ens‚ apIƒhiw hyXykvXhpw A¤pXIchpw kt¥mjw

\nd™Xpamb Hcp temIambncp∂p. ]t£ XpS¿∂p≈ `mKßfn¬ Hcp tdmUv tdmf¿

Hcp hgnsbmcp°ens‚ `mKambn Aac]¥ens‚ ]IpXntbmfw `mKsØ \in∏n®pw

If™p. hnIk\Øns‚bpw am‰Øns‚bpw {]XoIambn IS∂p h∂ tdmUvtdmf¿

B\nbpsS kz]v\ßsf XI¿sØdn™Xn\p ZrjvSm¥ambn ImWs∏´p. c≠masØ

am[yaamWv BemlbpsS {]m¿∞\. A‘Imc i‡nIsf XI¿°m\p≈ i‡n Xs‚

apØ»nbn¬ \n∂pw BemlbpsS {]m¿∞\hgn X\n°p ssIhcpsa∂pw AXneqsS

AhfpsS Np‰p]mSpIƒ°v Hcp am‰w hcpØm≥ Ahƒ°p Ignbpsa∂pw B\n

{]Xymin°p∂p.

163
 Hm¿Ω h® \mƒ apX¬ A∏s‚ hchpw ImØncp∂ B\n Ip´n∏m∏s‚

£btcmKw _m[n® Zpc¥Øn¬ hgpXn hogp∂p. B IpSpw_Øns‚ {]Xymibpw

t\mhens‚ i‡ntI{µhpw B\nbmWv. AhfpsS `mh\bneqsSbp≈ IYmIY\w
]pXnb Hcp Bhnjv°cW ssienbmWv.
3.2.2 ÿew
"Beml'bn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ ÿew Xriq¿ \Kchpw tIm°m©d F∂ tNcn

{]tZihpamWv. Cu {]tZiØv ]eXcw sNIpØm∑mcpw AhcpsS IpXncIfpw ta™p

\S°p∂Xmbn´v t\mhenÃv Nn{XoIcn°p∂p. H√qcv, \¥n°c, ]cnNmcw, sImgp°p≈n,
]´n°mSv, hcSnbw, a®mSv, theqcv XpSßn \nch[n ÿe \n¿t±i߃ ImWmw.
DZmlcWØn\v

""]pØtº´ ,A©pshf°v, AcnbßmSn, \mbcßmSn Ign™p. Xriqcmbn!

Cs∏¥p´vWv IZ? dhp≠v ! dhq≠ot°msS dhp≠Snbv°s∂! dhp≠Snbv°s∂!''
""Fc´s®d, hSt°s®d, ]Sn™mtd sNd, ]≈ns°mfw, IΩp°sf]nSn°m≥
CSn h≠ow sIm≠p ]n∂mse t]meokm h∂t∏m Fs‚ sIm®∏≥
]≈ns°mfØnemNmSn. ]≈ns°mfØem NmSo´v Fc´s®tdem s]mtßym''

tIm°m©d F∂p h¿Æn°s∏´ tZiw Xriqcn\SpØp Ipcnbn®ndbmWv. C∂v

CSØc°mcpw [\nIcpw Xnßn∏m¿°p∂ Hcp {]tZiamWv. BJymXmhns‚ ÿehpw
"Ipcnbn®nd'bmWv.{]tZisØ hy‡am°p∂XcØnemWv BJymXmhv
ÿeNn{XoIcWw \SØnbncn°p∂Xv.
3.2.3 ]£narKmZnIƒ

Im°, tImgn, Xmdmhv, {]mhv, XØ XpSßnb ]£nIfpw \mb, Ieam≥, t]mØv,

]pen, knwlw, Im´m\, IcSn, ]q®, Ipcßv, BSv, XpSßnb arKßfpw ]m‰Iƒ, Cu®Iƒ,
h≠pIƒ, ]pgp°ƒ, DdpºpIƒ F∂o {]mWnIsfbpw t\mhen¬ ]cma¿in®ncn°p∂p.
3.2.4 `£W]Zm¿∞߃
tNmdv, I™n, sIm≈n°ngßv, Hm´S, DW° Abne°dn, I≈v, A®∏w F∂o

Blmc]Zm¿∞߃ Ign®ncp∂Xmbn t\mhen¬ kqNn∏n®n´p≠v. ]elmcßfmb

164
Ahtemkp≠, A®∏w, InÆØ∏w, Hm´S, sh≈b∏w XpSßnbhpw a’yamwkmZn

Isfbpw ]cma¿in®n´p≠v. ""_m‚pIm¿°v DuWv C°bpsS hoSns‚ Iømebnembncp∂p.

IpSºpfnbn´v h‰n® {_mev , t]m¿°v hc´nbXv , Xmdmhv Idnsh®Xv '' F∂nh

sImSpØncp∂Xmbn ]dbp∂p≠v.

3.2.5 IYm]m{X \ma߃

{InkvXy≥ t]cpIƒ Xs∂bmWv t\mhenÃv Cu t\mhen¬ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≈Xv.

Xriq¿ {InkvXy≥ t]cpIƒ hf™ tZh n, IpSp°ns°´v hdoXv, t\cpImc≥ d∏mbn,

ap°nse N°p, N°tacn, sNºs‚ At¥mWn XpSßnbhbmWv. tPmen ]cma¿it∏cpIƒ

sIm®∂w So®¿, Ip©≥ It_m≠¿, Ipcnb∏≥ tUmIvS¿, Cubw]qiv At¥mWn.

tNmdp-sIm≠p t]mIp∂ IØpdp, sNØp-Im-c≥ cmL-h≥, jm∏p-Im-c≥ `mkvIc≥

ao≥Imc≥ s]mdn©phns‚ AΩ A∂wIp´n, ÿew hnev]\°mc≥ Nm°pÆn CXymZn.

PmXn ]cma¿it]cpIƒ DÆntat\m≥, i¶c≥, \oen]dbn, tImc≥, tIm®mØn,

A\¥cma≥, hdpXq´n, IeymWn XpSßnbhcpw t\mh¬ IYm]m{Xßfmb adnt©SØn,

B\n, sIm®ptdmXp, {^m≥kn, Nn∂Ω, NnøΩ, tXm\p, sNdn®n F∂o t]cpIfpw

ImWp∂p.

Nn´n^≠pIƒ°v {InkvXy≥ t]cpIƒ tacn amXm Ipdokv, sk‚ v tPmk^v

]≠∏Wbw, hnip≤ but ∏n≥ ]eni klmbw, t]mƒ amXyp Ipdn°º\n. hnIvS¿

sdmkmcntbm sdm´nIS, hnip≤ butk∏n≥ IfcnkwLw F∂nßs\ t\mhenÃv

{InkvXy≥ \maßfmWv \n¿t±in®ncn°p∂Xv.

3.2.6 _‘kqNI ]Z߃

kwt_m-[\m i_vZ-߃°v kaq-l-Øn¬ hf-sc-b-[nIw {]m[m\yw ImWp-∂p.

_‘ßsf th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw enwK-\n¿Æ-b-Øn\pw Hmtcmtcm kw⁄-Iƒ Bh-

iy-ambnhcpw. {InkvXob `mjm-t`-Z-Øn¬ Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂ t]cp-Iƒ khn-ti-

jX ]pe¿Øp∂hbm-Wv. Cu t\mh-en¬ _‘]Z-ß-fn¬ X\-Xmb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

\ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.

165
AΩma ˛ AΩ-bpsS AΩ

A∏≥ ˛ ]nXmhv

AΩmbyΩ ˛ `¿Øm-hns‚ AΩ

AΩmbn ˛ A—s‚ Cfb ktlm-Zcn

A∏m∏≥({In-kvXy≥) ˛ AΩ-bpsS A∏≥

Bßf ˛ ktlm-Zc
- ≥

DΩ (ap-…ow) ˛ AΩ

Ip´n∏m∏≥ ˛ A—s‚ A\p-P≥

sIm®∏≥ ˛ A—s‚ A\p-P≥

tN´Øn ˛ tPyjvTs‚ `mcy

acpaIƒ ˛ aIs‚ `mcy

acpaI≥ ˛ aI-fpsS `¿Ømhv

h√yambn ˛ A—s‚ aqØ ktlm-Zcn

3.2.7 IpSntb‰w

tIm°m©dbn¬ ]≠v Bƒ]m¿∏p≠mbncp∂n√. Xriq¿ \KcØns‚

hf¿®bmWv tIm°m©dbnte°v BfpIsf X≈n Ab®Xv. tIm°m©dbnte°v BZyw

IpSntbdnbXv tXm´nIfpsS ]{¥≠p IpSpw_ßfmbncp∂p. Ah¿ FdWmIpfØp

Imcmbncp∂p. tXm´nIƒ°p ]n∂mse tIm°m©dbn¬ h∂Xv Cd®nsh´pImcmWv.

C\nbpap≠v ]e Ncn{X߃. Ch¿°p ]n∂mse ao≥ I®hS°m¿, XcI°m¿, Z√mf∑m¿,

sNdnb sNdnb I≈≥am¿, Nmcmbw hm‰pIm¿, icocw hn¬∏\ \SØp∂h¿. \KcØns‚

kuµcyhpw \mKcnI ÿew Hgnbm\m ]d™t∏m \mgow sNc´ow t]men≈ IvSmßfow

Ipgoe°v Imepw \o´n Ccn°W Xt¥\ow Xt≈\ow sIm≠v tKmkmbn°p∂m tIdn

Cu iht°mt´ev h∂m sIS∂Xv≠t√m ? Hs° Hcp Zbncym''

166
 ""]´vfpw, IsSw ]mºpw ]p‰pw ImcWw a\njy¿°v s]mdpXym ap´n. s\eØv

Imev sh®m AXv aq¿°≥]mºns‚ hmtbebv°Wv. Hs° sNtdy sNtdy FtSmtgym

ft√? Ωfv ]m¿°W ]´mfw tdmUpw HsctSmgy!''
3.2.8 {]mbhyXymkw
{]mtZinI `mjmt`Za\pkcn®v A`nkwt_m[\Iƒ°v hyXymkw hcp∂p.
"Ip™v', "Ip´n' F∂ hm°pIfmWv apXn¿∂h¿ Ip´nIsf hnfn°m≥ D]tbmKn°p∂Xv.

F∂m¬ Xriq¿ `mjmt`ZØn¬ apXn¿∂h¿ Ip´nIsf A`nkwt_m[\ sNøp∂Xv

"IvSmth' F∂mWv. "Beml'bn¬ CØcw A`nkwt_m[\m coXn°v Nne DZmlcW߃
D≠v. t\mhense IYm]m{Xamb AΩma B\nsb hnfn°p∂Xv "IvSmth' F∂mWv.
""F¥q´m Cu IvSmhv ? Cbn\v hs´ftIym ?

""\n\°hvsS an≠m≠v sIS∂qSm s]m∂p tamt\ ?''

3.2.9 kv{Xo˛]pcpj t`Zw
kaqlØnse kv{Xo˛]pcpj `n∂X `mjbnepw kzm[o\w sNepØp∂p≠v.
]pcpj\pw kv { Xobpw XΩnep≈ A[nImc hnt[b _‘hpw B¨samgn°pw
s]¨samgn°pw ImcWamhp∂p. a‰v _‘kqNI]Zßfnepw Cu hyXymkw ImWmw.

"s]߃', "Bßf' F∂ {]tbmKhpw t\mhen¬ ImWp∂p≠v.

""s]ßfv ht∂zm ?'' F∂v Ip´n∏m∏≥ tNmZn°p∂p.
""F‚mßtf am{Xw ]db≠m´m. ΩsS tamfpw tamsim∂y√t√m''
kv{XoIƒ XΩn¬ kwkmcn°ptºmƒ as‰mcmsf "FSm' F∂p hnfn°p∂Xv
_lpam\n°emWv. "FtS' F∂ {]tbmKw t\mhen¬ ]cma¿in®n´p≠v. "Ip™ne'bpsS

AΩmbnbΩ Ip™nesb hnfn°p∂Xv.

""tS Ip™te, \n‚∏\pw AΩow h∂v≠vtd FdßnhmtS''
3.2.9.1 A«oe ]Zßfnse kv{Xo˛]pcpj t`Zw
NoØhm°pIfn¬ kv{Xo hncp≤X \nd™p \n¬°p∂p. Chbn¬ ]eXpw
kv { XoIfpambn _‘s∏´XmsW¶nepw kv { XoIfpsS D]tbmKØnep≈hb√.

"IqØntNymƒ', "s]emSntamfv', "abntc' Cßs\bp≈ {]tbmKw "Beml'bn¬ ImWp∂p.

167
 ""B s]emSn tamfv Fs‚ IvSmhn\ow sImt≠mbn''

""IpSpwΩw Ie°W IqØntNymfv''

""tSy abntc''
`mjbnse kv{Xo˛]pcpj t`Zsa∂Xv Htckabw `mjmflIhpw `mtjXc
bmYm¿∞yßfpambn _‘s∏´Xpw BWv.
3.2.10 BNmcm\pjvTm\߃ hnizmk߃

{InkvXy≥ hn`mK°mcpsS BNmccoXnIfmWv Cu t\mhen¬

{]Xn]mZn®n´p≈Xv. awKeI¿Ωßfn¬ {][m\amb H∂mWv hnhmlw. AXpsIm≠mhmw
AXn\v IeymWw F∂ t]¿ h∂Xv. ]ehn`mK°mcnepw ]eXcØnemWv BNmc
coXnIƒ. "IeymWw Ipfn∏n°¬' Fs∂mcp NSßns\∏‰n t\mhen¬ ]dbp∂p≠v.

"Asºmbvºv' ho´nb BZysØ Xn¶fmgvN Ip™nebpsS IeymWw. Xte RmbdmgvN

IeymWw Ipfn∏n°¬. DSpsØmcpßn h∂ Ip™nebpsS apºn¬ ]oTØn¬ Hcp
hkvXn∏n™mWØn¬ FÆ sh®p.'
""s]Æns\ Ipfn∏nbv°t´. s]Æns\ Ipfn∏nbv°t´ ? aq∂p h´w tNmZn®p.
hncepsIm≠v sXm´v FÆ s\dpIbn¬ sXmSo®p. Ip™ne apJw Ip\n®v ]oTØnencp∂p.

ap∂n¬ XfnI, XfnIbn¬ ]Ww s]menbv°phm≥ tIm°m©d°m¿ h∂n´p≠v.

HmtcmcpØcpw s]men® Imiv t]cp hnfn®p ]d™v IWs°gpXns°m≠ncp∂p''.
Hmtcm Iq´mbvabpsSbpw kwkvImc hntij߃ {]ISam°p∂ LSIßfn¬
{]apJ ÿm\w hnizmk߃°p≠v. hnizmkØn\v ASnÿm\w A\p`hßfmWv.
AXmbXv ""{]Xy£tam ]tcm£tam Bb A\p`hamWv GsX¶nepw hnizmkØn\v

ImcWambn `hn°p∂Xv . '' 11 t\mhen¬ CØcØnep≈ Hcp hnizmksØ

kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v. Ip™ne F∂ IYm]m{Xw sht≈∏w D≠m°pIbpw t\m\p
A∏°p´sbSpØncp∂Xmbpw ]dbp∂p≠v. ]Xn\mep tIUnIƒ ImcWw A∏I®hSw
\n∂p. ""Ip™ne ASp∏p sISpØn ]n∂oSv ]ecpw Gs‰SpØv tIm°m©dbn¬ sht≈∏w
hfsc {]kn≤amWv. Xriqcn\p ]pdØp≈hcpw tIm°m©dbn¬ \n∂v h≥tXmXn¬

sht≈∏w hmßns°m≠p t]mIp∂p. tIm°m©dbnep≈h¿ sht≈∏ap≠m°pIbpw

168
Im°m©dbv°p ]pdØp≈h¿ AXp Xn∂pIbpw sNøp∂p. Ip™nebpsS ssI∏pWyw

AXn¬ Aen™p tN¿∂n´ps≠∂v tIm°m©d°m¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.''

3.2.11 BJym-\-`mj

B\n-bpsS a\- n-eq-sS-bp≈ k©m-ca

- mWv "Bem-lb
- psS s]¨a-°f
- p' sS BJym-

\-Xe
- a
- mbn ]cn-Wa
- n-®n-cn-°p-∂X
- .v _me-a\
-  
- ns\ BJym-Xm-hns‚ ÿm\-tØ-°p-b¿Ønb

t\mh-en-Ãns‚ BJym\X{¥-amWv Cu t\mh-ens‚ hyXn-cn-‡X. Xs‚ k©nX hn⁄m-

\hpw B¿÷nXkwkvIm-chpw Dƒt®¿Øv cq]-s∏´ Pohn-Xm-h-t_m-[sØ kzXx-kn-≤-

amb {]mtZ-inI X\n-a-bp≈ `mjm ssien-bn¬ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS i‡-amb BJym-\-

ß-fn-eqsS Ah-Xc
- n-∏n-°m-\mWv kmdm tPmk^v {ian-®Xv. B\n F∂ \njvIf
- ¶ _mey-

Øns‚ ssZ\w-Zn-\m-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS hyXykvX ]cn-k-c-ß-fn-eqsS _ln-jvIr-X-cmb \n -

lmb P\-Xb
- psS Aen-JnX Ncn{Xw hc®p shbv°p∂ t\mh-em-W.v "Bem-lb
- psS s]¨a-

°ƒ' . Xriq¿]-´-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw "tIm°m-©d' F∂ hrØn-lo-\-amb {]m¥-{]-tZ-i-

tØ°v ]pd-¥-≈-s∏´ Iogmf P\-X-bpsS PohnX IYmen-JnX Ncn-{X-Øns‚ t\¿°v

hnc¬Nq≠n BJym\w sNøp-I-bmWv t\mh-en-Ãv.

Ncn-{X-IY
- I
- f
- p-tSbpw a‰p hmsamgn IY-If
- p-sSbpw kam-¥c t{iWn-If
- n-eqsS B

PohnX Ncn-{X-Øns‚ D≈-d-I-fn-te°v IS∂p sN√p∂ kzm`m-hn-Ihpw ck-I-c-hp-amb

BJym-\-X-e-amWv Cu t\mh-en-ep-≈-Xv. t\mh-ens‚ BJym\kzcq-]sØ tXP- p-‰-Xm-

°p-∂Xv AXn¬ {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ kw`m-jW `mj-bpsS kzm`m-hnI Ah-X-c-W-am-

Wv. IrXnsb kmaq-lnI tcJ-bm-°p-∂-Xn¬ kw`m-jW `mj henb ]¶v hln-°p-∂p.

""Bem-lb
- psS s]¨a-°ƒ
- '' Bhn-jvIc
- n-°p∂ `mjm-t`Zw Xriq¿ kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mj-bm-Wv. tIm°m-©d-bnse kv{XoI-fpsS ZpxJ Zpcn-X-ßfpw

{]Xn-tj[ hocy-ßfpw Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp-sa√mw Ah-cpsS `mjmssien-bn¬ hy‡-am-

Ip-∂p-≠v. k¶o¿W-amb A\p-`h afi-e-ß-sf-t∏mepw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-hm≥ Xriq¿

`mjmt`Z-Øn-\p≈ kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mb Icp-ØmWv Cu t\mh-ens‚ BJym\XesØ hyXy-

kvXa
- m-°p-∂X
- v.
169
 \m´p-`m-j-bpsS i‡nbpw \∑bpw \nd™p \n¬°p∂ "Bem-l-bpsS s]¨a-

°-fp'sS BJym-\-X-e-Øn\p t^mIv-tem-dns‚ i‡-amb ]n≥_-e-ap-≠v. BJym-\-Øn\p

hg-ßn-s√∂p Icp-X-s∏-´n-cp∂ Xriq¿ `mjmt`Z-Øn-eqsS BZym-hkm\w IYm-I-Y\w
\n¿h-ln-°m≥ t\mh-en\v km[n-®n-´p-≠v. Iogmfa{¥-Øns‚ {]mNo-\-kz-cq]w am‰-ß-
sfm∂pw hcp-Øm-sX-bmWv t\mh-en¬ FSpØp tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂X
- v. {]mtZ-inI hmsam-gn-
bp-sSbpw {]mIrX hnizm-kØ
- n-s‚bpw t]-cp-Iƒ sIm≠v Hcp ]pcm-hrØ temIw \n¿Ωn-

°p-∂p. hmsamgn t\mh-en¬ Hcp hn\n-ab cq]-ambn Ah-X-cn-°p-Ibpw {ItaW {]iv\-hn-

j-b-ambn ]cn--Wan-°p-I-bp-am-Wv sNøp∂Xv. i_vZw BJym-\-Øn¬ \n¿Æm-bI L´-
ambnØocp-∂p. i_vZ-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-amWv tIm°m-©-d-bnse IogmfcpsS aXw.
{]m¿∞\m a{¥w P]n-°p-∂Xpw Ncn{Xw Dcp-hn-Sp-∂Xpw AΩm-abv°p Xpey-amb Bfl-

kw-Xr]vXn \¬Ip-∂p. Bem-lb

- n¬ s]¨sam-gn-If
- n¬\n∂v B¨samgn H‰-s∏´p \n¬°p-
∂p. CØcw hyXn-N-e-\-ßsf BJym\w "A]-c-`m-jW'ambn ImWp-∂p.
`mj-bpsS X\na \ne-\n¿Øp∂ CuWhpw Xmfhpw hm°p-I-fpsS G‰-°p-d-
®nepw as‰mcp {]tXy-IX
- b
- m-W.v {]m¥-hX
- I
v c
- n-°s
- ∏´ tZiw t]mse ]pd-¥≈
- s
- ∏´ `mjbpw
t\mh-en¬ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬°p-∂p. hm°p-If
- psS Aan-tXm¬]m-Z\
- hpw Aan-tXm-]t- bm-

Khpw tIm°m-©d t\cn-Sp∂ A]-I-SsØ Adn-bn-°p-∂p. A[n-\n-thiw krjvSn-°p∂

\ne-hm-c-s∏-S-ens‚ `mK-ambn hnkvar-Xn-bn¬ B≠p t]mhp-Ibpw {ItaW \jvS-am-hp-
Ibpw sNøp∂ ]Z-ß-fpsS henb \nc Xs∂ Cu t\mh-en-ep-≠v. am{X-a√ At\Iw
ssien-Ifpw Xriq¿ `mjbv°p X\-Xm-bp-≠v.
Bem-l-bnse Ncn-{X-`m-j-W-߃, a≤y-h¿§ kwXr-]vXn-°p-X-Ip-∂ Bfl-`m-j-

W-ambn ]cn-Wa
- n-°p-∂p. ""AΩma Npcp≠p IqSn-°n-S∂
- mWv shfp-tØ-S≥ i¶-c\p th≠n
hmZn-°p-∂X
- v. AΩm-abv°v FWo-‰n-cn-°m≥ hø''. A\y-hX
- vIr-Xa
- mb hmsam-gn, kzm`m-hn-
I-ambn t\cn-Sp∂ A]-N-b-am-Wn-Xv. AXv Bfl-c-Xn-bpsS cq]m-¥-c-amb Bfl-`m-j-W-
Ønepw Bfl-\m-i-Ønepw Iogmf h¿§sØ sIm≠p sNs∂-Øn-°p-∂p. kz¥w X´-I-
Øns‚ IY ]d-bm≥ kz¥w `mj Xs∂ Xnc-s™-SpØ t\mh-enÃv BJym\cwKØv

Hcp hnπ-h-I-c-amb am‰-Øn\p {ian-®ncn°p∂p.

170
3.2.12 A®Sn`mj

]mt\c At¥mWn ZºXnIfpsS c≠masØ aI≥ Ip´n∏m∏≥ F∂

{^m≥knbpambn _‘s∏´XmWv \hPoh≥ ]{Xw. \nXyhpw hmbn°Wsa∂p
\n¿_‘ap≈ {^m≥knkv kz¥w ho´n¬ N¿°m ¢mkv \SØn. ]≈nbnse sIm®®≥
AXn¬ {^m≥kn°p Iq´mbncp∂p. B\n ]dbp∂Xp t]mse Ahcncphcpw A®Sn
`mjbn¬ kwkmcn®p. ""AhnsS Xm¶ƒ°p sX‰p ]‰p∂p. apJw hSn°ptºmƒ h∂

HcmtemN\b√ Km‘n°v \ncmlmcw! ap∂pw ]n∂pw t\m°mØ HscSpØp

Nm´ambncp∂n√. F.sI.Pn°v AacmhXn kacw. A\oXntbmSp≈ t]mcm´Øn¬
Nnet∏mƒ H‰bmƒ kacßfpw {][m\amWv.''
""CXv hnÕnØamWv {^m≥knkv! Fa≠≥amsc \o°w sNøm≥ {ian°p∂

hnÕnbmb tcmKnbmWv \o. \ns∂ sh√qcnte°v sIm≠p t]mIWsa∂p am{XamWv

Rm\m{Kln°p∂Xv.''""Xm¶ƒ F\n°p th≠n sNtø≠ klmbw Fs‚ I´n¬
G´papdnbpsS hmXp°seØn°pI F∂XmWv.''
henb ]cnjvImcnbpw ]ptcmlnX\pamb tUhnUv siΩmi≥ tNmZn°p∂p.
tIm°m©dbnse "{]mIrXi_vZ߃'°nSbn¬ ]ptcmlnXs‚ "]cnjvIrX hm°pIƒ'

thdn´p tIƒ°mw. sNdn®n tdma≥k` hn´v kpdnbm\n k`bn¬ tNcm\pw Aßs\

Xs‚ `mcybmhm\pamWv £Ww. A\p\bn∏n°p∂ hm°pIfn¬ IpSneXm¬]cy
ßfp≠v. AXp Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbp∂ns√∂XmWv sNdn®nbpsSbpw Iq´cpsSbpw Zpc¥w.
`mhn h[phns‚ sNcn∏nt\msSm∏w sImSpØbv°p∂ Ipdn∏n¬ Abmƒ FgpXp∂p.
""I¿Ømhn¬ {]nbs∏´ sNdn®o, `hXn Cu sNcn∏n´p \S∂p ]Tn°Ww. CXpt]mse

]e Imcyßfpw `hXnsb ]Tn∏n®m¬ sIm≈msa∂p≠v. AsXms° F¥msW∂v

F\n°p Xs∂ \√ ]nSnbn√. hnhmlØn\p tijw kwk¿§w sIm≠v AsX√mw X\nsb
]Tn®p sIm≈pw F∂p hnizkn°s´. "ap√∏qsºmStb‰p InS°pw I√n\pap≠msamcp
kuc`yw' F∂p≠t√m. I¿Ømhns‚ \maw hmgvØs∏Ss´. F∂v kz¥w tUhnU®≥.
]ptcmlnXs‚ X≥ {]amWnØw, Zpc,kzm¿∞X Chsb {]Xn\n[m\w sNøp∂

Nn”`mjbmWv B hcsamgn. ]cnjvIrX ]Zßfnepw Iev]\IfnepaSßnb hn]Øv

171
hmbns®Sp°m≥ tIm°m©dbnse s]Æp߃°mhn√. X߃°p ]cnNnXamb

hyhlmc`mjsb Ah¿ \∂mbn BtLmjn°p∂p.

3.2.13 {]mtZ-inI`mj-bpsS{]Xn^e\w IYm-]m-{X-ß-fp-sS kw`mjW-ß-fn¬
IYm-]m-{X-kw-`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ kpdn-bm\n {InkvXy≥ `mjm-t`Zw ImWm≥ Ign-
bp-∂p. tZi-`mjm khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ IYm-]m-{X kw`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂p.
Nne kw`m-j-W-߃ NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.

3.2.13.1 hmsamgn hmIy߃

Xr»q¿ `mjm-t`Zw hmsamgn hmIy-ß-fn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
1. ""F¥q¨So IvSmthZv ? skm¿Ws°mSm?''
2. ""a®o∂v sh®m ¥q´m''

3. ""]m™osW sRma sImtØm !''

4. ""Rmw ]mºmWv''
ta¬Iogv th¿ XncnhpIsfbpw kv{Xo˛]pcpj hyXymkßsfbpw
A{]kv‡am°p∂hbmWv Cu kw`mjW amXrIIƒ.
kw`mjWw:1. sIm®ptdmXp {^m≥kntbmSv ]dbp∂Xv

""Ft¥mcw A¥nIqZmiym X∂vXvWv ? \ns‚ t\cm h∂t∏m A¥n IqZminw

th≠ H∂pw th≠. \obmt]mWv! t√? s]mt°m´m. \n\n°√sßy ¥q´v\vWv
A¥nIqZmi? \obv ¥q´v ]m] NotX°tW ? RßfvWv ]m]nIfv!
kw`mjWw: 2 Ip©≥ Itºm≠¿
""Im°min\v D_Kmcm≠mbn´m ? A√t√m. Hcv \m´vev Hcv Itºm≠cm≠mtbm

B \m´vImcv°v Abns‚ KpWm In´Ww. AXvWv Ip©≥ Itºm≠cvsS ]d®ev.

]tcm_Kmcw °qSn Abns‚ tPmeymt]mbn.''
3.2.14 sFXnlyw
""Hcp hy‡nsbtbm ÿetØtbm kw`hsØtbm kw_‘n®p≈
hkv X p°fn¬ A[njv T nXamsW∂p hnizkn°pIbpw ]mcºcyLSI߃

Ie¿∂ncn°pIbpw sNøp∂ BJym\ßfmWv sFXnlyw''12

172
 Ncn{X]camsW¶nepw icntbm sXt‰m F∂v th¿Xncn®dnbm≥ IgnbmØ
H∂mWv "sFXnlyw'. Cu t\mhen¬ Ip´n∏m∏≥ F∂ IYm]m{Xw "ss__nfn'se IY
]dbp∂Xmbn kqNn∏n®n´p≠v.
tIm°m©dbn¬ \mep ]Iepw \mep cmhpw sIm≠v i‡ambn ag s]øpIbmWv.
Ahkm\n°p∂n√ tIm°m©dbpsS ASnØ´phsc CfIn adnbpIbmWv. tIm°m©d
tKmkmbn°p∂ns‚ aSnbnemWv. tKmkmbn°p∂v BemlbpsS ssIIfnemWv. CXpambn
_‘s∏´ Hcp sFXnlyamWv Ip´n∏m∏m≥ B\nbv°v ss__nfn¬ \n∂v ]d™p
sImSp°p∂Xv. t\mlbpsS IYbmWv. t\mlbpsS IY agbpsSbpw sh≈s∏m°
Øns‚bpw IYbmWv. \mev]Xp Znhkw \n¿ØmsX s]bvX ag! \q‰ºXp Znhkw \o≠p
\n∂ sh≈s∏m°w! Cu `b¶camb sh≈s∏m°Ønepw apßmsX XmgmsX
t\mlbpsS s]´Iw am{Xw s]m¥n°nS∂p. Ip´n∏m∏≥ ]d™p.
""t\mlbpsS s]´Iw am{Xa√, tIm°m©dbpw s]m¥n°nS∂p''
sh≈w Cdßntbm F∂dnbm≥ t\ml s]´Iw Xpd∂v Hcp {]mhns\
]pdØphn´p. A‰w ImWmØ sh≈Øn\p aosX At\I Znhkw ]d∂p ]d∂v B
{]mhv tIm°m©dbn¬ h∂ncp∂p. ]ns∂ Xncn®p t]mbn´n√. sh≈s∏m°w sIm≠v
`qan apgph≥ \in∏n®tXm¿Øv Beml hnjan®p. C\nsbmcn°epw CXpt]mse
sh≈s∏m°w sIm≠v `qansb \in∏n°n√. Poh\p≈htbmSp apgph≥ Beml a\ p
s\m¥v DSºSn sNbvXp. DSºSnbpsS ASbmfambn Beml Xs‚ hn√v taLßfn¬
sh®p. AXmWv aghn√v! Ip´n∏m∏≥ ]d™p \n¿Øn. F∂m¬ Beml DSºSn
sX‰nbv°pIbmsW∂mWv B\nbv°v tXm∂p∂Xv.
3.2.15 ]pcmhrØIYm]m{X߃
{]mtZinI hmsamgnbpsSbpw {]mIrX hnizmkØns‚bpw tNcphIƒ sIm≠v
Hcp ]pcmhrØtemIw \n¿Ωn°p∂p. ]pcmhrØIYm]m{XßtfmSv Xs‚ IYm]m{Xßsf
kmdm tPmk^v kmZriys∏SpØp∂p. ss__nƒ IYm]m{XØn¬ itemtam≥ F∂
cmPmhns‚ tXm´Ønse en√n ]qhmWv "sNdn®n' F∂v kmZriys∏SpØp∂p. Cßs\
kmZriys∏SpØpI hgn sNdn®n AXoh kpµcnbmsW∂mWv t\mhenÃv
A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂Xv.
173
 ss__nƒ IYm]m{Xamb bqZmkv ap∏Xp sh≈n°min\v I¿Ømhns\

H‰psImSpØp. B bqZmkns\t∏mse IΩp°ƒ°v {InkvXym\nIsf H‰ns°mSpØhcmWv

kpdmbnIƒ. kpdmbnIƒ am{Xa√ am¿tØmam°mcpw tIm°m©dbnse am¿°w IqSnIfpw
Hs° bqZmkpIfmsW∂v sIm®ptdmXp F∂ IYm]m{Xw ]dbp∂p.
""Dt±in°p∂ Imcyw km[n°p∂Xn\p th≠n ]≈nIfnepw Aºeßfnepw
\SØp∂ {]m¿∞\bpw hgn]mSpamWv t\¿®''13 adnt©SØn aI\v th≠n t\¿®

t\cp∂Xns\ t\mhen¬ hnhcn°p∂p. ""Ip´n∏m∏\v c≠p hb p≈t∏mƒ AΩma

t\¿∂XmWv Ip´n∏m∏s‚ kqt°Sv amdpIbmsW¶n¬ Ip´n∏m∏s\ ]pdØncpØn H√qcv
amemJbpsS ]SnIƒ apgph≥ AΩma ap´pIpØn tIdns°m≈msa∂v. ]e ImcWw
sIm≠v CXphsc t\¿® \S∂n√. Ip´n∏m∏≥ hepXmbn. AΩmabv°v ]pdØncpØm≥

]‰mXmbn. t\¿®°Sw AhnsS°nS∂p''.

k¬°¿Ωw sNbvXm¬ ]pWyw In´pw F∂v F√m aX°mcpw hnizkn°p∂p.
t\mhen¬ sIm®ptdmXp F∂ IYm]m{XamWv tcmKmhÿbn¬ InS°p∂ {^m≥knsb
t\m°p∂Xv. sIm®ptdmXp B\ntbmSv ]pWyw In´p∂Xns\∏‰n ]dbp∂p≠v. ""Fs‚
amtπsc ho´vevsØ I™ow NΩ¥ow IpSn®v Rm\nhnSym sIS∂v Nmhpw. H∂qeyßnepw

Cu kqt°SvImcs‚ Xot´mw aqt{Xm tImctWs‚ ]pWyw C\n°v In´m≠vcn°n√.''

""ss{Ikv X hcpsS kwkv I mc I¿Ω߃ "IqZmi'IfneSßp∂p'' 14 . Hcp
{InkvXym\nbpsS PohnXØnse hnhn[ kµ¿`ßfn¬ th≠p∂ A\p{Kl߃
IqZmiIƒ aptJ\ \¬Is∏Sp∂p. Ip¿_m\, tcmKote]\w, amtamZok, hnhmlw
F∂nhsb√mw IqZmibv°IØv hcp∂hbmWv. D¤h]m]w Xo¿Øv ⁄m\kv\m\w

\n¿hln°pIbmWv "amtamZok' F∂ IqZmibpsS e£yw. "Ipºkmc' Dt±iyw

]m]tamN\amWv. A¥yIqZmibmWv "tcmKnte]\w'. ]m]^eßfmWv tcmKhpw
acWhpsa∂mWv hnizmkw. A¥ythfbn¬ B ]m]Øn¬ \n∂v tamN\w
t\tS≠XmWv. sshZnI≥ hnip≤ssXew tcmKnbpsS s\‰nbn¬ te]\w sNbvXv
{]m¿∞n°pIbmWv B IqZmibpsS kz`mhw. t\mhen¬ tcmKnbmbn°nS°p∂

{^m≥kn°v A¥y IqZmi sImSp°p∂Xmbn kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v. "im¥ntk\'bn¬

174
tNcp∂Xns\∏‰n ]≈nbn¬ hnfn®p ]dbp∂p≠v. IΩp°fpsS ssIbn¬ \n∂pw
\mSns\bpw Xncpk`sbbpw c£n°m\p≈XmWv "im¥ntk\'. IΩp°ƒ°v
ssZhan√mØXpsIm≠v ssZht]Snbn√. ]ptcmlnXs‚ km∂n≤yØn¬
kv{Xo]pcpj∑m¿ \SØp∂ hcW{InbbmWv "hnhml'sa∂ IqZmi. \chwiØns‚
]m]tamN\Øn\pw c£bv°pambn {iotbip ssZh]nXmhn\p Xs∂ _enb¿∏n®
Im¬hcnbnse _ensb A\pkvacn∏n°p∂XmWv "hnip≤ Ip¿_m\'(Znhy_en)
3.2.16 \mS≥]m´pIƒ
]m´pIƒ ]e kapZmb°mcpsSbpw hmsamgn ]mcºcyßfmWv. ""\mS≥
kwkvImcØns‚bpw PohnXØns‚bpw ssNX\yw Ie¿∂hbmWv \mS≥ ]m´pIƒ''.15
IeIƒ, A\pjv T m\߃, D’h߃, hnt\mZ߃, IfnIƒ F∂nhbpambn
_‘s∏´hbmWv \mS≥ ]m´pIfn¬ `qcn`mKhpw. t\mhen¬ sNdnb sNdnb
\mS≥]m´pIƒ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v.
3.2.17 awKey]m´v
IeymWØn\v ]e kapZmb°m¿°nSbnepw ]m´pw Ifnbpw ]Xnhp≠v.
{InkvXym\nIƒ, am∏nfam¿ F∂nh¿°nSbnepw IeymW∏m´pIfp≠v. t\mhen¬
{InkvXy≥ awKey]m´mWv Dƒs°m≈n®ncn°p∂Xv. t\mhense IYm]m{Xamb
NnøΩbpsS IeymWØn\v Acn tNdpIbmWv. AIw \ndsb AcnbpsS aWhpw \ndhpw
H®bpw XmfhpamWv. ]pXnb apdßfnemWv Acn t]dp∂Xv. Htc XmfØn¬ Ah
s]mßp∂p, Xmgp∂p. AcnbpsS ti... ti.. H®bpw apdØn¬ sIm´ptºmgsØ Xmfhpw
Bscbpw BI¿jn°p∂ XcØnemWv.
awKeym... sa∂... \ns‚
`ßn]m... dh... Xn∂v
Fßpw \o... d™m... I∂o
Aßp∂m... cpfo... sNbvIm
A≤zm\`mcw eLqIcn°phm\pw a[pcXcam°nØo¿°phm\pw th≠nbmWv
]m´pIƒ ]mSp∂Xv. awKeys]Æn\v D]tZiw sImSp°p∂ XcØn¬ ]mSp∂Xmbpw
ImWmw.
175
 I‰m¿°q... genbmtf

s]‰phm... f¿ØobΩm
Np‰pao... cnbv°pw sP\w
Ip‰wIq... dhp I≠m¬
s]‰am... Xmhns\t∏m¬
Ip‰wt]m... dpØoSWw

3.2.18 hnt\mZKm\߃
hnt\mZKm\ßfnse Bitbm¬]mZ\ coXnbpw Bibhn\nab coXnbpw
]cnanXamWv. CWßm\pw ]nWßm\pw hnt\mZKm\ßfp≠v.
t\mhen¬ adnt©SØn F∂ IYm]m{Xw sIm®ptdmXphns\ Ifnbm°n

]mSp∂Xmbn ]cma¿in®ncn°p∂p.
sIm¥bn´ apØ∏≥
Ipcnin\p t]mbt∏m
sIm≠mSo amØnco
N°c∏w!

AXp tI´m¬ AΩbv°v Ien hcpw ""AXv \nßsS ho´vImcpsS skm`mhm'' AΩ ]dbpw
AΩmΩ s]m´n®ncn°pw. tdmam°mcnbmsW∂p ]d™v AΩmΩ B\nsb
Ifnbm°mdp≠v.
3.2.19 kmapZmbnI Km\w
{InkvXy≥, ap…ow F∂o kapZmb°m¿°v {]tXyIw Km\kºØp°fp≠v.

CØcw kmapZmbnI Km\߃ aX]ctam sFXnly]ctam CXnlmk]pcmW IYItfm

BImw. ]m´pIƒ ssIImcyw sNøp∂ kapZmbØns‚ kmwkvImcnIhpw `mjm]chpamb
khntijXIƒ Ahbv°p≠mIpw. {InkvXym\nIƒ ]mSp∂ Bflob Bcm[\m
Km\߃ Cu t\mhen¬ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v. t\mhense IYm]m{Xamb Nn∂Ω Xs‚
PohnXw kphntij{]h¿Ø\Øn\mbn am‰nshbv°p∂p. Nn∂Ωbpw Iq´cpw ssIbSn®v

_m‚ v sIm´n ]mSp∂p.

176
 F≥ k¶S߃ kIehpw
Xo¿∂p t]mbn
kwlmcZqXs\s∂
IS∂p t]mbn
I¿Ømhns‚ ]¶∏mSpIƒ k¶ScmKßfmbn´v P\ßsf hmbn®v
tIƒ∏n°p∂XmWv ]m\ hmbn°pI F∂p ]dbp∂Xv. t\mhen¬ At¥mWn F∂
IYm]m{Xw ]pØ≥]m\ \nh¿Øn hmbn°p∂p.
""k¿∆ZpxJ°Sens‚ \Sphn¬ Rm≥ hoWp XmWp
k¿∆k¥m]ßsf¥p ]dhp]p{X
\n≥acWtØmSp IqsSsbs∂bpw \o ac∏nbv°n¬
CΩlm ZpxJßsfm´p XWp°p]p{X
\n∑\ n∂njvSsa√mw kΩXn∏m\pd®p Rm≥
F≥ a\ n¬ XWp∏n√ \n¿Ωe]p{X.''
3.2.20 sXmgn¬∏m-´p-Iƒ
""sXmgnepIfpambn _‘s∏´hbmWv ]Wn∏m´pIƒ. Ahsb "sXmgnembv
aKm\'ßsf∂pw ]dbmdp≠v.''16 sXmgnepIfn¬ G¿s∏Sp∂h¿°v Bizmkhpw
B\µhpw ]Icp∂Xn\mWv CØcw ]m´pIƒ D]tbmKn°p∂Xv. t\mhen¬ hm®v anTmbn
hn¬°p∂ tIm®mØnsb°pdn®v ]dbp∂p≠v. tIm®mØn hm®p anTmbn hen®p \o´p∂
kabØv ]m´v ]mSmdp≠v.
UpUzm≠n
UpSp∏\m≠n
IpUzm≠n sImS∏\m≠n
C≠∏≥ IvSmßmfv hm...
In≠∏≥ IvSmßfv t]m
Nn∂Ω F∂ IYm]m{XØn\v "Ct≠dn' CjvSamWv. a™ \ndØnep≈
]elmcamWnXv. hdpØ tXßms°mØp°fpw samcn™ Idnth∏nebpw tN¿ØmWv
CXv D≠m°p∂Xv. adnt©SØn Imepw \o´nbncp∂v Ifnbm°n ]mSpIbmWv.
177
 Ct≠dy∏Ønev tXß t]mcm™n´v

AΩm\∏≥ sXßpΩt°dn
Ct≠yd∏w shs¥dtßys∏m
AΩm\∏≥ NsØdßn
{KmaoW PohnXØns‚ hnip≤nbpw ss\¿aeyhpw CW°hpw ]nW°hpsa√mw
\mS≥]m´pIfn¬ ImWmw. ]mSp∂h¿°pw tIƒ°p∂h¿°p hnt\mZhpw BÀmZhpw

]Icp∂XmWv \mS≥]m´pIƒ.
3.2.21 \mSIw
""AXn{]mNo\amb Acßv IebmWv \mSIw. PohnXØn¬ \n∂pw
AS¿ØnsbSpØ kwL¿jmflIamb PohnXcwKßfmWv \mSIØnep≈Xv.''17

t{]£I¿°v \mSIw icnbmb Zriym\p`qXn \¬Ip∂p. \mSIØn¬ ImWp∂Xv PohnXw

Xs∂bmWv.
Ip´nIfpw \mSIw Ifn°mdp≠v. t\mhen¬ B\n F∂ IYm]m{Xhpw Ip´nIfpw
tN¿∂v \mSI Ifnbnte¿s∏Sp∂ kµ¿`w. ""hS°qS≥amcpsS ho´n¬ hncp∂p ]m¿°m≥
h∂ aq∂p Ip´nIfpw B\nbpw tN¿∂mWv \mSIw Ifn®n´p≠v AXn¬ B\n ]dbp∂Xv

C{XbpamWv.
B\n : Afnb≥ h∂pht√m
F¥p... Du... s]‰n√tbm ?
hS°qS≥ Ip´nIƒ
aq∂mfpw IqSn:-˛

]mdp s]‰Iq´nbt√
]\n ]nSn®p InS∏nembn
F¥p... Du IjvSImew! CXp]d™n´v hS°qS≥ Ip´nIƒ IjvSw sh®p
\n¬°p∂p. B \mSIsØ∏‰n B\n°v H∂pw a\ nembn√. hS°qS≥amcpsS ho´n¬
hncp∂p h∂ Ip´nIƒ°p A{Xtb Adnbq. _m°nsbhnsS F∂v B\n tNmZn®t∏mƒ

B Ip´nIƒ tZjys∏´p.
178
 IfnbpsS A¿∞w \nKqVhpw A]q¿Æhpambn A\p`hs∏Sp∂p. {]m¿∞\bv°v
Xpeyw. Ifnbnepw hn\naba√ hnizmkamWv Bhiys∏Sp∂Xv . hm°pIƒ
DcphnSp∂Xnse X\nabpw Bh¿Ø\hpw \mSIw Ifnsb Bflobamb
A\pjvTm\am°nØo¿°p∂p.
""Ip´n∏m∏≥ B\nbpsS Ic®n¬ am‰m≥ \mSIØn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp
]m´v]mSns°mSp°p∂p.''
""\msfbpj n¬ Nph∂ tXcpwsIm≠v
\m´n¬ shfn®w hcptºmƒ
B shfn®Øn¬ ISn™q¬ IXncns\
hmcnsbSpØp Rm\pΩ shbv°pw.''
3.2.22 {]m¿∞\Iƒ
""]m]tamN\Øn\pw ]pcpjm¿∞ kn≤n°pap≈ Hcp D]m[nbt{X
at{¥m]km\ F√mw aXI¿Ωßfnepw CØcw A\pjvTm\ßfp≠mIpw''.18
t\mhen¬ At\Iw {]m¿∞\Iƒ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v. ssZhan√mØhs\
ssZhhnizmkØn¬ sIm≠p hcp∂Xn\p th≠n {]m¿∞n°p∂XmWv am\km¥c
{]m¿∞\. IΩp°ƒ°v ssZhan√. Aßns\bp≈hcpsS kz`mhw A{Iahmk\tbmSp
IqSnbp≈XmWv. t\mhen¬ Ipdpº F∂ IYm]m{XØn\v N°t\mSv tNmZn°msX
N°s‚ am\km¥cØn\p th≠n {]m¿∞n°m\p≈ ss[cyw C√. N°s‚
Ak¬kz`mhhpw Ipdpºbv°dnbmw. tIm°m©dbnse lnµp°fpw at\mthZ\ h∂m¬
I¿Ømhns\ hnfn®v {]m¿∞n°mdp≠v. It∏fbn¬ sagpIpXncn IØn°mdp≠v. H√qcv
amemJbpsS ]≈nbn¬ Xp≈mdp≠v. am\km¥c {]m¿∞\bpsS Imcyw AX√.
IΩp°sf CSs]SpØp∂ ImcyamWv . IΩp°fpsS D≈nencn∏v F¥msW∂v
A\p`hnt®m¿t° Adnbq. CsXm∂pa√msX sIm®®≥ Hcp Znhkw am\km¥c
{]m¿∞\ sNm√ns°mSp°p∂Xp \n¿Øn''.
t\mh¬IYm]m{Xamb Ip©≥ Itºm≠¿ acn°p∂ kabØv adnt©SØnbpw
IpSpw_hpw ap´pIpØn \n∂p Dds° {]m¿∞\ sNm√p∂p. Cu {]m¿∞\ acn®
Bflm°ƒ°v th≠nbp≈ {]m¿∞bmWv...
179
 .. Xºpcms‚ at\mKpWØm¬ tam£Øn¬ tNcphm≥ A\p{Klw D≠mItW...

\nXy ]nXmth... Cutimaninlm I¿Ømhns‚ Xncpt®mcsb°pdn®v acn®hcpsS

ta¬Ir]bmbncnt°Wta
...I¿Ømth \nXym\µw Ah¿°v \¬tIWta
\nXysh´w Ahbv°v {]Imin∏n°Wta.
tcmKim¥n {]m¿∞\sb t\mhen¬ kqNn∏n®n´p≠v. {^m≥knbpsS tcmKw

amdp∂Xn\mbn Nn∂Ωbpw Iq´cpw ]cnip≤mflmhnt\mSv At]£n°p∂p.

]cnip≤mflmhv Ahcn¬ Cdßn. At∏mgh¿ adp`mj kwkmcn®p. Ip´n∏m∏ms‚
tcmKim¥n°pth≠nbp≈ {]m¿∞\ ]cnip≤mflmhv sNhns°m≠p F∂p Nn∂Ω
B\ntbmSv ]dbp∂p. B]Øp hcptºmƒ AXn¬ \n∂v c£s∏Sm≥ I¿Ømhnt\mSp

{]m¿∞n°p∂Xmbpw t\mhen¬ kqNn∏n®n´p≠v. sImSpw ag ImcWw AIØpsh®

Imev ]pdØv IpØm≥ ]‰mØ{X ag. apºv Hcn°epw Cßs\ D≠mbn´n√. CXv HSp°sØ
agbmWv. sIm¥ IØn®v ap´pta¬ \nv∂v I¿Ømhns\ hnfn°m≥ B\nbpsS AΩ
]dbp∂p.
AΩ sIm¥ \neØp sh®n√

sImSp¶m‰nepw t]amcnbnepw \n∂v...

I¿Ømth Rßsf c£nbvt°Wta!
HSpßmØ \ns‚ tIm]Øn¬ \n∂v...
I¿Ømth Rßsf c£nbvt°Wta!
AΩ hnfn®t]£n®p.

3.2.23 ssZhnI kvXpXnIƒ

1. I¿Ømhn\v kvXpXn
2. Fs‚ I¿Ømth, Fs‚ amXmth, Fs‚ ]pWymfm
3. lt√epø! I¿Ømhn\v kvtXm{Xw! kvtXm{Xw! kvtXm{Xw!
4. ""I¿Ømhotimaninlmtb! ImØp c£n°tW!''

5. Cutimaninlmbv°v kvXpXn
180
6. F{Xbpw Zbbp≈ amXmth

7. F‚hptk∏pWymfm

8. ]ca]nXmth c£Im

3.2.24 {]m¿∞\m a{¥samgnIƒ

t\mhense `mjWßfnse√mw Xs∂ D≈S°Ønepw LS\bnepw

hmsamgnbnepw BemlbpsS \akvImcw ]n¥pScp∂p. {]Xy£amb sXfnhpIƒ

t\mhen¬ ImWmhp∂XmWv. BemlbpsS \akvImcw AΩma B\nbpsS c≠p

ImXnepw HmXns°mSp°p∂p. {]m¿∞\bpsS Hcp `mKw t\m°pI.

""Beml Xs‚ hN\Ømse \¬acW D¨atbmSv BZchØmse shc´n

\ndpØn Ccp´p sIm≠ BImi ]nimipw ]mXmf]nimipw \n¬°p∂ k¿∆

]nimip°fpw Im¥m≥, Icpam≥, {_m“W≥, kakvXΩmcpw Adp]sØm∂mbncw

_‘p°fpw ]Øp\qdmbncw kmØm∑mcpw Cu ]Sn°IsØ tZhaq¿ØnIfpw ]{¥≠v

ASn®p\o°nb _mhbmWv ]p{X\mWv dqlmZv IqZmibmWv Ing°v ]Sn™mdv DZbØn¬

\oßnt∏mIs´. Im¬\S, tNmct]m°v, A©mw]\n, ]pgphpw s]mßnbpw HSnbpw apdnbpw

NXnbpw a{¥ßfpw b£nhr£n°qS∏nd∏pIfpw ]pds∏´p ]pdØp t]mIphm≥

I¿Ømhns‚ sImSn-bn¬ IpØnb sImSn t]mse FcnsI FcnsI t]ms´. Iogmf a{¥-

Øns‚ {]mNo\ kzcq]w am‰-ßs

- fm∂pw hcp-Øm-sX-bmWv t\mh-en¬ FSpØp tN¿Øn-

cn-°p-∂X
- v.

3.2.25 Ncn{Xw sNm√¬

Ncn{X߃ tIm°m©dbv°v At\IßfmWv. A\mY a\pjycpsSbpw

P¥p°fpsSbpw tXm´nIfpsSbpw Cd®nsh´pImcpsSbpw dn£mh≠n°mcpsSbpw

Npa´pImcpsSbpw a‰pw Ncn{Xw""Ω°v tcsKym∂pw th≠. adnt©SvØym ]d™m aXn''

hmsamgn Ncn{Xw Ah¿ \n¿Ωn°bpw AXn¬ am{Xw hnizkn°bpw sNøp∂p.

I≈tcJbpsS ]n≥_eØn¬ Fa≠≥ hmdp F´papdn s]mfn°ms\mcpßnbt∏mgpw

"AΩma'bpsS Np‰pw h´an´ncp∂ Ah¿ hmsamgn Ncn{XØn¬ apgpIpIbmWv.

181
 \SpIpgn™ Ib‰pI´nen¬ Hcp XpWnsØm´nense∂ t]mse B\n InS∂p.

AΩmabpsS Ip∏mbØn\p≈n¬ ssI ISØn "Dºmbn'Iƒ°nSbn¬ XncpIn Ahƒ

kpc£nXbmbn. AΩma Ahƒ°v Ncn{Xw sNm√ns°mSpØp.' "Ncn{Xw sNm√¬'

Bflobamb A\pjvTm\amWv. "{]m¿∞\'bpsS kµ¿`Øn¬ \n∂v CXv H´pw `n∂a√.

ssiihØnte°p≈ Xncn®p t]m°v "BemlbpsS \akvImcw km[yam°p∂Xnß

s\bmWv. ""\SpIpgn™ Ib‰p I´nen¬ AΩmabpsS aSnbn¬ B\n Ccp∂p. AΩmabpsS

ImXv AhfpsS hetØ IhnfØpcpΩn. B\n s]m´nsØdn®p. ImXn\p sImSpw

XWp∏mbncp∂p. AΩma Ahsf s\t©mSp tN¿Øp ]nSn®p. AhfpsS ssIIsft∏mgpw

AΩmabpsS Ip∏mbØn\p≈n¬ Bbncp∂p. AΩmabpsS Np≠pIƒ AhfpsS hetØ

sNhnbnea¿∂p. Np≠pIƒ°p Xo°´bpsS NqSmbncp∂p. B\n tI´p.''. {]m¿∞\bpw

hmsamgn Ncn{Xhpambn t\mh¬ \nd™ncn°p∂p. {]m¿∞\ma{¥w P]n°p∂Xpw

Ncn{Xw DcphnSp∂Xpw AΩmabv°p Xpeyamb BflkwXr]vXn \¬Ip∂p Bemlbnse

Ncn{X `mjW߃ a≤yh¿§ kwXr]vXn°pXIp∂ Bfl`mjWambn ]cnWan°p∂p.

3.2.26 {InkvXy≥ `mjbnse aXmNmc ]Z߃

AºXps\mbvºv ˛ ss{IkvXh
- c
- psS CS-bn¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ Ipcn-imtcmlW

-ZnhkØn\p-ap-ºp--≈ AºXp-- ZnhksØhrXw

A∂Z sh≈w ˛ ]≈n-bn¬ h®n-cn-°p∂ hnip-≤-Pew

A®≥am¿ ˛ ]ptcm-ln-X∑
- m¿

A¥yIqZmi ˛ ac-W-k-a-bØv \¬Ip∂ IqZmi

Cutim adnbw buk∏v ˛ Xncp-Ip-Spw_w

F‚hptk ∏pWymfm ˛ tbip-hns‚ hf¿Øp ]nXmhv

Hmim\m ˛ ssZh-Øn\v kvXpXn

I¿Ømhv ˛ ssZhw

I\ymkv{Xo ˛ ssZh-ip-{iq-jb
- v°mbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ I\yI

I¬Zmb kpdnbm\n ˛ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Iq´mbva

182
Imkm ˛ Ip¿_m-\bv°v ho™v hbv°p∂ ]m{Xw

Ip¿_m\ ˛ ka¿∏Ww, _en A¿∏Ww

Iq\≥ Ipcniv ˛ {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS hnizmk {]Jym-]\w \S∂ ÿew
sIm®®≥ ˛ k`m ]ptcm-ln-X≥
sIm¥ ˛ P]-ame
KmKp¬Ømae ˛ tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in¬ Xd® ÿew

Xncpk` ˛ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Iq´mbva

ssZhtZmjw ˛ ssZh-Øn\v FXn-cmb {]hrØn
\cIw ˛ ac-W-tijw Aip-≤m-flm-°ƒ FØn-t®-cp∂ ÿew
s\mth\ ˛ hnip-≤-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ a≤yÿ {]m¿∞\

]pWyw ˛ k¬{]-hrØn
s]cp∂mƒ ˛ hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS P∑-Zn\w
s]m∂pw Ipcniv apØ∏m ˛ tXmam-«ol
{]m¿∞\m∏pkvXIw ˛ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pkvXIw-----
am¿∏m∏ ˛ BtKmf k`-bpsS Xe-h≥

amemJm ˛ ssZh ZqX≥

amtamZok ˛ Hcp hy‡n°v k`-bn-te°v AwKXzw \¬Ip∂ I¿Ωw
amdm\mb ˛ {][m-\-s∏´ Xncp-\mƒ
ta°mtamXncw ˛ am¿§wIfn°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ tamXncw
bh\mb°m¿ ˛ tbip-hns\ H‰n sImSp-Ø-h¿

bmt°m_mb ]≈n ˛ bmt°m-_mb k`

bmt°m_mb ˛ Hcp k`m hn`mKw
bqdvZv ]≈n ˛ blq-Z-∑m-cpsS ]≈n
cq]°qSv ˛ hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS cq]w h®n-cn-°p∂ t]SIw
tfml ˛ ]ptcm-ln-X≥ [cn-°p∂ hkv{Xw

hmtdmX\m≥ ˛ sNIpØm≥
183
sh¥nßbnSpI ˛ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Igp-Øn¬ [cn-°p∂ adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw
tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-t‚bpw cq]-tØmSp IqSnb ame
sh©cn∏n°pI ˛ Bio¿h-Zn-°pI
dplmZv IqZmi ˛ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\v \¬Ip∂ IqZmi
tdmam]≈n ˛ am¿]m-∏-bpsS Iogn¬ hcp∂ k`
3.2.27 Xriq¿ {InkvXy≥ `mjbnse hyXncn‡ ]Z߃
Beml, ]nimiv, ta°mtamXncw, sRmdnhm¬, I∂w ISn°pI, ihn, G{]min,
iqcSn°pw. e∏v, abn‰ev, IΩp, D≠®pcp´v Ahtemkp≠, IvSmhv, NS, CXymZn
3.2.28 ISw sIm≈¬
"ISw sIm≈pI F∂Xn\p `mjm]cambn "a‰p`mjm°m¿ D®cn°p∂ ]Zw
A\pIcn°pI' Ft∂ A¿∞ap≈q''19. aXtØmS\p_‘s∏´ `mjIfpsS kΩ¿±w aqew
ISwsIm≈¬ \S°p∂p. hyXykvX `mjIƒ kwkmcn°p∂ P\߃ H∂n®v IqSp∂Xp
hgnbpw `mjm]cambpw ISwsIm≈¬ \S°p∂p. Cu t\mhenepw ISw sIm≠
hm°pIfpsS {]tbmKw ImWp∂p.
3.2.28.1 lnµn-]-Z-߃
tKmkmbn ˛ ]cn-{hm-P-I≥ (tKm-km-Cu)
Nn´n ˛ Ipdn (Nn-SvTo)
Umhv ˛ anc´v (-Um-h)
sXm∏n ˛ Xe-∏mhv (tXm-∏n)
]¶ ˛ ^m≥, Xq°p hnidn (]-MvJm)
]n»m-¶Øn ˛ Hcp Xcw sNdnb IØn (_o-Nv\pB-)
_¶-fmhv ˛ bqtdm-]y≥ `h\w(-_w-K-e)
_oUn ˛ Np°m-h®p sXdp-Øp-≠m-°p∂ ]pI-hen km[\w
(_oUn)
anTmbn ˛ Hcp a[pc ]Zm¿∞w (an-Tm-bo)
tem´ ˛ teml \n¿Ωn-X-amb •mkv (tem-Sm)
kmcn ˛ kv{XoI-fpsS Hcp hI DSp-hkv{Xw (km-Uo)
184
3.2.28.2 Ad_n ]Z-߃

IΩokv ˛ Hcp Xcw Ab™ ta¬Ip-∏mbw (I-ao-kv)

IS-emkv ˛ t]∏¿ (ImKZv)
IØv ˛ Fgp-Øv, tcJ (J-Xv)
Im∏n ˛ IpSn-bv°m-\p≈ ]m\obw (Qahveb)
Ioi ˛ DSp-∏ns‚ Ad, t]m°‰v (Io-k-lv)

kpdn-bm\n ˛ kndn-b-bnse `mj (kp-dvbm-\o)

3.2.28.3 t]¿jy≥ ]Z-߃
]cmXn ˛ A]-hm-Zw, Ip‰w (^¿bm-Zv)
]n™mWw ˛ ]c∂ No\-°-fn-a¨]m{Xw (^n-RvPm≥)

N¿° ˛ \q¬\q¬°p-∂X
- n-\p≈ kv]n¬Un¬ Xncn-°p-hm≥ D]-
tbm-Kn-°p∂ N{Iw (N¿Jm)
3.2.28.4 lo{_p-]-Z-߃
""tIc-fob kaq-lØ
- n¬lo{_p ]Z-߃ {]N-cn-®Xv blq-Zc
- n-eqsSsb∂-Xn-t\-°m-
f[nIw {InkvXym-\n-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv''20 ss__nƒ ]T-\-Øn\p th≠n {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

lo{_p ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. kpdn-bm-\n, lo{_p `mj-I-fn-ep≈ aX-{K-Ÿ-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p BZna

ss{IkvXh
- c
- psS CS--bn¬ {]Ncn-®X
- .v Cw•o-jp-Im-cpsS Ime-ØmWv blq-Z∑
- m¿°v t{]m’m-
l\w e`n-®-Xv. sIm®n-bnse blq-Z-sØ-cp-hn¬ {_n´ojv anj-\dnam¿ ÿm]n® hnZym-e-
b-Ønv¬ lo{_p-`mj ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
1. Cutim ˛ {InkvXp-hns‚ t]¿ (bv' Cutim˛c-- -- ---- £
- I
- ≥)

2. btlmh ˛ Cuiz-c≥ (btlm'B)

Cu c≠p ]Zßfpw Cuiz-cs\ Ipdn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
3.2.28.4.1 aX-]-c-amb ]Z-߃
1. At√-epb ˛ ssZh-Øn\p kvtXm{Xw (ln-s√¬)
2. BtΩ≥ ˛ Aß-s\-bm-Is´ (B-tΩ≥ )

3. Hmim\ ˛ c-£n-®m-epw (Du-im\ )

185
3.2.28.5 kpdn-bm\n ]Z-߃

tIc-f-Øn¬ ]m›mXy kpdn-bm\n BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv bmt°m-_m-b°m-

cm-Wv. ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v BZm-\-߃ \S-∂n-´p-≈Xv tIcf \kvdm-Wn-I-fpsS GI Bcm-

[\m `mj-bm-bn-cp∂ ]uckvXy kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ \n∂p Xs∂-bm-Wv. ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v

BZm\w \S-∂n-´p≈ Nne ]Z-߃ t\mh-en¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

3.2.28.5.1 aX-hn-`m-K-ß-fnse ]Z-߃

I¬-Zm-b°
- m¿ ˛ Im¬ZntZ-i°
- m¿, I¬Zm-bk
- p-dn-bm\n Bcm-[\
- bv°v D]-tbm-

Kn-°p-∂ ss{IkvXh hn`mKw (I¬Zm-b)

amdm-\mb ˛ amtdm≥, F∂ Bfns‚ t\XrXz-Øn¬ ItØm-en°m k`-

bn-te°p aSßn h∂h¿ (amdp-\mbm)

bh-\m-b°
- m¿ ˛ bh-\-tZ-i-°m¿ (bhv\mb )

bmt°m-_mb ˛ bmt°m-_ns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ (bm-tIm-_m-b)

kZq-Iy¿ ˛ b-lq-Z-∑m-cnse Hcp hn`m-Kw (km-Zq-Im-bm)

3.2.28.5.2 hnip-≤-h-kvXp-°ƒ

Imkm ˛ ]m\-]m{Xw (Im-km)

3.2.28.5.3 aX-hm-Nn-bmb ]Z-߃

Cutim ˛ {InkvXp ("Cutim'Av)

amdm≥ ˛ \ΩpsS I¿Ømhv (am-dm≥)

aninlm ˛ A`n-jn-‡≥ (av ˛ iolm)

dqlmZv IqZmi ˛ ]cn-ip-≤n-bpsS Bflmhv (Iq-Zvim)

«olm ˛ Ab-bv°s
- ∏-´h
- ≥ (iv˛eo-l)

kmØm≥ ˛ ]nimNv (km-Xm-\m)

3.2.28.5.4 aX-I¿Ω-߃

A∂Zm ˛ acn-®-h¿°p th≠n-bp≈ {]m¿∞\ (B-\o-Z)

Ip¿_m\ ˛ _en, ka¿∏Ww (Ip¿_m\m)

186
IqZmi ˛ Sacramett (\ΩpsS Bflm-hp-Isf ip≤-am-°p-hm≥ aninlm

Xºpcm≥ I¬∏n® \∑-bpsS ImW-s∏´ AS-bm-fw) (IqZmim)

amtΩm-Zokm ˛ kv\m\w, ⁄m\-kv\m\w (aA-tam-Zn-Xm)
3.2.28.6 kndnbm°p ]Z߃
""{InkvXp aXtØmsSm∏w tIcfØn¬ h∂hbmWv aX]cambpw
kmaqlyambpap≈ cwKßfn¬ \{kmWnIƒ {]tbmKn®p hcp∂ ]e kndnbm°p

]Zßfpw.''21 Nne ]Z߃ t\mhen¬ ]cma¿in®n´p≠v.

Cutimaninl, ameml, Ip¿∫m\, IqZmi, am¿]m∏, am¿tØm Chbnse "amdpw'
kndnbm°p ]Zw Xs∂bmWv. {InkvXpaXw {]Ncn®t∏mƒ h∂p tN¿∂ ]ZßfmWv
]≈n, A®≥, ssZhw, I\ymkv{Xo apXembh.

3.2.28.7 {Ko°p ]Z-߃

tIc-fob kaq-lØ
- n\v {Ko°p `mjsb BZy-ambn ]cn-Nb
- s
- ∏-SpØn sImSp-ØXv
{InkvXym-\n-I-fm-Wv. {Ko°p-tZ-i-°m-cm-bn-cp∂p a[y-Im-eØv tIc-f-Øn¬ k`m-[y-£-∑m-
cmbn h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. ss__n-fns‚ {Ko°p hnh¿Ø-\-߃ a‰p k`-I-fn¬s∏´ {InkvXym-
\n-Iƒ°pw D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠n h∂n-cn-°mw. aX-]c
- a
- mb i_vZß
- ƒ HgnsI hnZym-`ym-kh
- p-

ambn _‘-s∏´ {Ko°p-]-Z-߃ Cw•ojv hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv tIc-fo-b¿°p ]cn-

Nn-Xß
- f
- m-bX
- v.
t\mh-en¬ hcp∂ Nne ]Z-߃
{InkvXp ˛ avinlm (Khristas )
ss__nƒ ˛ {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS aX-{KŸw ( biblos)

kphn-tijw ˛ \√ hm¿Ø (euaggelion)

3.2.28.8 ]-d-¶nIƒ ISw hmßnb hm°p-Iƒ
AΩ ˛ (Amah) AΩm
Hme ˛ (Ola) Hme
I™n ˛ (Conjee) sIm©n

Ib¿ ˛ (Coir) sImb¿

187
 "Acn' F∂ hm°v {]mNo-\-Im-eØp Xs∂ {KoknseØnb-Xm-Wv. "Acn-in'

{Ko°n¬ "Oruza'Bbn. AXmWv Cw•o-jnse 'Rice' Bbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´-Xv.

3.2.28.9 ssN\okv ]Z-߃
`mj-bn¬ ssN\okv ]Z-߃ IqSp-Xe
- m-sbm∂pw IS-∂p-h∂
- n-´n-√. Ah¿ sIm≠p
h∂ km[-\-amWv "No\`cWn'. t\mh-en¬ Cu Hcp hmt° {]tbm-Kn®p ImWp-∂p-≈q.
"No\' F∂ i_vZw tN¿∂ ae-bm-f-]-Z-ß-fmWv I≠p hcp-∂-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn "No\-

shSn', "No\-®´n', "No\-I-ÆmSn', "No\-°p-g¬'.

"ISw hmßpI' F∂m¬ a‰p `mj-bn¬ {]kn-≤a
- mb ]Zw Aßs\ Xs∂ kzoI-
cn-°p-I. CXmWv icn°pw ISw hmßnb hm°p-Iƒ (Loan words). `mj-bn¬ \ne-hn-
ep≈ ]Z-߃ Xs∂ ]pXnb A¿∞-Øn¬ Xncn®v D]-tbm-Kn®p XpS-ßp∂Xn\v Loan

Shift F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Loan Shift-˛¬ hcp∂ c≠p ]Z-߃ t\mh-en¬ {]tbm-Kn-®n-
´p-≠v. Ah "hyh-kmbw', "DtZymKw' F∂nhbmWv.
3.2.29 Cw•ojv `mjm kzm[o\w
kwkvIrXw Ign™m¬ Cw•ojn\mWv aebmf `mjtbmSp G‰hpa[nIw _‘w
ImWp∂Xv. `mjbnen√mØ "F' s‚ ÿm\Øp "^' Imcw tN¿°pI. Iq´£c߃

sIm≠p XpSßp∂ ]Zßfn¬ IqSpX¬ kzcw tN¿°pI XpSßnb h¿Æ ]cnWmaßfpw

BZyImeØp kzoIcn® Cw•ojv ]Zßfpw `mjbn¬ h∂p tN¿∂p. "BemlbpsS
s]¨a°fn'epw Cw•ojv ]Z߃ {]tbmKn®v ImWp∂p.'
kvIqƒ, tdmUv, ]uU¿, t…‰v, tªUv, anUv ssh^v, Ãn®vkvsIbn¬, ckoXv,
s]≥kn¬, aWnt]gvkv, _m¿_¿ jm∏v, sdkv°v, _m¶v, B^okv, ap≥kn∏¬

Iu¨kn¬ XpSßnbh.
3.2.30 lnµn`mjm kzm[o\w
t\mhen¬ ImWp∂ Nne hmIy߃
""_Nv]≥In samlm_Øvslm''
""P\KWa\''

""cLp]XncmLh''
188
3.2.31 ssieo{]tbm-K-߃ ]gs©m√pIƒ

""ioeØn¬ \n∂v P\n°p∂XmWt√m ssien''22 am\pjnI Zu¿_eyßsfbpw

kz`mh tZmjßsfbpw A\mhcWw sNøphm≥ ssienIƒ°v Ignbpw. ""]cºcmKXamb
A`nhyRvP\Øns‚ ka{Khpw kw£n]vXhpamb cq]amWv ]gs©m√pIƒ''23
3.2.31.1 ssienIƒ
1. AdpØpapdn®p ]dbpI˛ JWvUn®p kwkmcn°pI.

2. A¥w hn´p\n¬°pI ˛ ]cn{`an°pI.

3. AXmXns‚ t\cmhptºm Hs° AXmXns‚ hgn°ym ht∂mfpw ˛
kaba\pkcn®v F√mw icnbmIpw.
4. A¥w hn´pdßpI ˛ AXnibn®pdßpI.

5. D¥pw X≈pw ˛ Xnc°v D≠m°pI.

6. D∏v∂q√ymNp°p∂p√ym ˛ H∂pw Xncn®dnbm≥ IgnbpIbn√.
7. F√ns‚tSev h‰v tIdo´v≈ sImg∏Wv ˛ BhiyØn¬ IqSpX¬ Ign°p∂Xns‚
Ipg∏w.
8. Fcnhp tI‰pI ˛ sshcmKyw h¿≤n∏n°pI.

9. Hcpe t]mse s]m≈p∂p ˛ I\¬ t]mep≈ Ahÿ.

10. IÆp a™fn°pI ˛ ImgvN aßpI.
11. Icnaßew ˛ IdpØ ]mSv.
12. IhWw IpØn InS°pI ˛ IΩ∂Sn®v InS°pI.
13. I∂w ISn°pI ˛ IcSv tXm∂n°pI.

14. InÆØns‚ h°sØ ISpIpaWn ˛ H∂pan√mØ Ahÿ.

15. Ipgote°v Imepw \o´n Ccn°W ˛ adn°mdmb a\pjy≥.
16. Ipt‰mw sImdhpw ˛ \yq\XIƒ.
17. Iq\n≥ ta¬Ipcp ˛ H∂n\v ]pdsI H∂mbn.
18. IpipIpip°pI ˛ ]Xps° ]Xps° ]dbpI.

19. sIm™\wIpØpI ˛ ]cnlkn°pI.

189
20. ssI∏ngsbm∂pw ]‰cptX ˛ sX‰p]‰mXncn°pI.

21. Rmcpw Rcºpw t\m°pI ˛ kq£aambn \nco£n°pI.

22. Xet]mWtIkv ˛ A]ISIcamb tIk.v
23. Xe X√nIcbpI ˛ h√msX IcbpI.
24. X´nbpwap´nbpw ˛ H∏ns®Sp°pI.
25. Xead∂v FÆ tXbv°pI ˛ ]gbsXms° ad°pI.

26. XobmXo‰n®´v ˛ BXn D≠m°pI.

27. sXm´Xpw ]nSn-®Xpw ˛ kIeXpw.
28. sXm´m¬ s]m≈p∂ {]mbw ˛ Iuamc {]mbw.
29. sXmS Rm\m s]m∂m°pw ˛ ASn°pI.

30. sXm≈ sXmd°pI ˛ H® hbv°pI.

31. \cbpsS aWhpw \ndhpw ˛ hb mbXns\ kqNn∏n°p∂p.
32. \mhns‚ XpºØv ˛ £n{] tIm]w.
33. \mWn®p acn®p t]mIpI˛ e÷n°pI.
34. \mgnIbv°v \m¬]Xph´w ˛ an°t∏mgpw.

35. \mgow sNc´ow t]mep≈ ˛ c≠v Afhns\ Ipdn°p∂p.

36. \p≈n ]d°pI ˛ kq£n®v ssIImcyw sNøpI.
37. \qengt]mep≈ Hcp hc shfn®w ˛ t\¿Ø {]Imiw.
38. s\ebv°m \n∂v aebv°m ]qhmw ˛ t\sc \n∂m¬ icn°v t]mImw.
39. t\cpw s\dow ˛ kXyw.

40. ]√p ISn°pI ˛ tZjys∏SpI.

41. s]Æpw ]nSt°mgnw H∂q√ ˛ ZmºØnIan√, Bcpan√.
42. aÆpI∏n°pI ˛ tXm¬∏n°pI.
43. acWw sI´nb\q¬∏mew ˛ AXnkmlknIw.
44. apJtØmSp apJw ˛t\¿°pt\¿ kwkmcn°pI.

45. ap´bn¬ \n∂v hncnbptºmtg°pw ˛ {]mb ]q¿ØnbmImØ.

190
46. hm´nb Ce t]mse ˛ hmSnt]mbXv.

47. hnfdn shfp°pI ˛£oWn®v Ahi\m°pI.

48. hn√pt]mse hfbpI˛hf™p \n¬°pI.
49. sh≈dßm≠m Nmhpw ˛ sh≈w IpSn°msX.
3.2.31.2 ]gs©m√pIƒ
1. Bcms‚ AΩbv°v {]m¥p ]nSn®m ImWm≥ \√ ]qcm ˛ A\ycpsS ZpxJØnep≈

B\µw.
2. ]n®®´o∂vWv Ahcv Iøn´mhmcy ˛ Zcn{Zsc NqjWw sNøpI.
3. \mSv XSv°mw aqSv XSv°m≥ ]t‰ymt√ ˛ kaqlsØ am‰p∂Xnt\°mƒ
_p≤nap´mWv hy‡nsb am‰p∂Xv.

3.2.32 h¿Æ-t`Zw
ae-bm-f-`m-j-bnse ]e ]Z-ßfpw D®-cn-°p-tºmƒ h¿Æ-ß-fn¬ t`Zw kw`-hn-
°p∂p. Cu t\mh- e n¬ h¿W- t `Zw kw`- h n- ® - h bv ° v \nc- h [n DZm- l - c - W - ß ƒ
ImWp∂pAh Xmsg sImSp°p∂p.
AX-hf
- °m ˛ AX-hƒ°v

AXvWv ˛ AXmWv
AtΩs\ ˛ AΩsb
Ccv´Øm ˛ Ccp-´Øv
CßSv ˛ Ctßm´v
D_Kmcm≠mbn´v ˛ D]Imcap≠mbn´v

Ffn°v ˛ Cfn°v
FhvSv∂v ˛ Fhn-S∂v
HgvtNy ˛ Hgnt®m
H° ˛ Hs°
HmSnt∏mthzm ˛ HmSnt]mIptam

Isfym∂pw ˛ Ifn-sbm∂pw
191
I≠´v≈ ˛ I≠n´p≈

ImWm™Xm ˛ ImWmØXv
tImcymepw ˛ tImcn-bmepw
ssIb_sZms° ˛ ssIA_≤sams°
Noøv ˛ sNøpI
sNIvØm≥ ˛ sNIp-Øm≥

tNm´n-en-cp∂p ˛ Nph-´n-en-cp∂p
PmZ ˛ PmY
X≈-bv°n-Xn-\m-Zn-Im-c≠m ˛ X≈-bv°n-Xn-\p≈ A[n-Imcw Dt≠m
Zv ˛ CXv

ssZbvhw ˛ ssZhw
\S-°n-eym∂v ˛ \S-°n-√m∂v
t\cy ˛ t\sc
]Tn-®XvWv∂m ˛ ]Tn-®X
- m-sW∂m
]nimiv ˛ ]nimNv

s]mt°m ˛ s]mbvt°m
{]m¥vWv ˛ {`m¥mWv
t_mZw ˛ t_m[w
atczmfv ˛ acp-tamƒ
a¥dhmZw ˛ a{¥hmZw

aqtØm≥ ˛ aqØaI≥
temImhkm\Sv°vtºm ˛ temImhkm\ aSp°ptºmƒ
keØv ˛ ÿeØv
skm¿W-s°mSm ˛ kz¿W-°pSw
skm`mhw ˛ kz`mhw

hc-bv°do ˛ hc-bvs°Sn
192
h¿Kskm`mhm ˛ h¿§kz`mhw

shfvØ´v ˛ shfpØn´v

shdvtX ˛ shdptX

i¥w ˛ N¥w

3.2.33 \nc¿XvYI i_vZ߃

H‰bv°v t\m°ptºmƒ A¿∞w C√mØhbpw kµ¿`m\pkcWw Hcpan®v tN¿Øv

t\m°ptºmƒ A¿∞w hcp∂Xpamb ]Z߃

"]vSpw'

"Civiv! Ciiv'

"A..A..B'

"_vm'

"HMv \ntl'

"Mv..B'

"]ntiw ]ntiw'

"MvDuw'

"IcIc'

"ISIS'

"ss]...bv! ss]...bv'

"Nd ]d'

"io...io'

"Duw...Dw'

3.2.34 `mjmt`Z]Z߃
]ZßfpsS ImcyØn¬ Hmtcm {]tZiØpw {]tXyIXbp≠v. Cu t\mhen¬

{]mtZinI hmsamgnIfpw {]mIrX hnizmkßfpw {]m¿∞\m a{¥ßfpw sIm≠v

\nd™ncn°p∂p. {]mtZinI `mjmt`Zßfp≈ At\Iw ]Z߃ t\mhen¬ ImWp∂p.

193
Ae°v ˛ hkv{Xw Igp-I¬

AtΩt\ ˛ AΩsb
AhtWßmS≥am¿ ˛ Ah-Wß
- m-´p-Im¿
AkØv ˛ iIm-ch
- m°v
A{ioIcw ˛ hrØn-sI-´Xv
Asºmbvºv ˛ AºXps\mbvºv

Ah‰Iƒ ˛ Ah¿, AP-\-߃

AcnsØm´n ˛ Acn C´p-h-bv°p∂ ]m{Xw
AßmSn ˛ N¥
A¥osc aq´nev ˛ k‘y-bpsS aq¿≤\yw

Ag° ˛ Ab
Abn‚{]Øv ˛ AXns‚ A∏p-dØv
B{Im¥w ˛ B¿Øn aqØXv
Bh∏m ˛ Adn-™qSm
B¥ep≠m°p∂p ˛ t]Sn-bp-≠m-°p∂p

CSnh≠n ˛ t]meokv hm≥

Cd°menbntebvt°mSnt°dn ˛ hoSns‚ Cd-b-Øns‚ h°-tØ°v HmSn-°-bdn
Cfn®v ˛ ]√p-Im-Wn®v Nncn-°pI
C√nbne ˛ apf-bne
C≈°p´n ˛ sN√-°p´o

C‰phoW ˛ Xp≈n Xp≈n-bmbn hoW

Cucns°´pI ˛ NoIn-sI-´pI
Dcn ˛ \mgn-bpsS ]IpXn
Dd°∏n®n¬ ˛ Dd-°Ø
- ns‚ ab-°Ø
- n¬
Dincv ˛ i‡n

Dºmbn ˛ ape
194
Du°nsemcSn ˛ i‡-ambn {]l-cn-°pI

Du‰w ˛ Al-¶mcw / i‡n

FcnhptI‰n ˛ s]men-∏n®p ]d-bpI
F\ns°mscSßmgycy ˛ F\n°v Hcp FS-ßgn Acn-thWw
Ft¥mcw ˛ F¥p-am{Xw
F∂{Iam ˛ F¥-{I-aa
- mWv

F¥q¨So ˛ F¥q-´mWvSo
Fcns]mcn ˛ kw{`aw
Fc´s®tdem ˛ Cc-´-®nd
Fd∏mbn ˛ d∏mbn

FSßmgn ˛ \mep-\mgn
HØ ˛ XnI™
Hg°v ˛ Dg°v
H°Øp ˛ CSp-∏n¬
Hds°md°ym ˛ Dd-s°-bp-ds°

Hmcw ˛ AcnIv
HmXpI ˛ ]d-bpI
Hm°m\w ˛ i¿±n-°m≥ tXm∂pI
Hm´pInÆw ˛ Hm´p-]m{Xw
Hmhp NmepIfpw ˛ Agp-°p-sh≈w Hgp-°m-\p≈ ÿew

Hmfn ˛ Iqh¬
ISn™vet√ ˛ ISn-™q¬ At√
I´pXn∂v ˛ tamjvSn®v `£n-°pI
IhmØv ˛ ]tcUv
Iøns‚ Dcw ˛ Iøn-t‚bpw tXmfn-t‚bpw kwK-aÿ
- m\w

ISpI´n ˛ `b-¶c
- ]
- m-Sv, {]bm-kt- a-dn-bXv
195
IhnSn∏n™mWw ˛ tNmdp-Æm-\p≈ ]m{Xw

I∂wISn°pI ˛ clkyw ]d-bpI

Ic®vev ˛ Ic-®n¬ (tcmZ\w)
IΩokv ˛ NpcnZm¿ tSm∏v
Icn∏n\vWv ˛ k‘y-bv°v, ]pe¿®bv°v
ImevNÆymtWm∂v ˛ Imen\v apS-¥p-t≠m-sb∂v

In\nbpI ˛ {khn-°pI
Ingp°n ˛ Xe-bn¬Ø´pI
IpSΩ°m¿ ˛ IpSpw-_Ø
- nse AwK-߃
IpSp°v ˛ _´≥kv

IpipIpip°pI ˛ ]ndp-]n-dp-°pI
Ip´n°ew ˛ sNdn-bI
- ew
Ipfn sX‰oXvWv ˛ K¿`nWn B°pI
IpSpa ˛ apSn
sI´n®bt®m‰ ˛ sI´n-®b
- ®
- h
- ≥

tIUn ˛ sXΩm-Sn, duUn

sIm≈n°ngßv ˛ acn-®o\n
sImdÆØns\ ˛ Iptd FÆ-Øns\
sImg∏≠o ˛ Ipg-∏-ap≠v
sImct´ev ˛ izmk-Ip-g¬

tIm¶vdkv ˛ tIm¨{Kkv
tImfmºn ˛ D®-`m-jnWn
tIm¿ºv ˛ tIm¿Øv
tIm¥e ˛ ap≠ns‚ Xpºv
ssIbm¶fn ˛ sNdnb coXn-bn¬ ssIsIm-≠p≈ ASn-]nSn

ssI°mc\vam¿ ˛ klm-bn-Iƒ
196
ssIt°m´v ˛ \ofw IqSn-b-Xm-bp≈ Xqºm (a¨sh-´n)

IvSmhv ˛ Ip´n
NØp ˛ acn®p
N∏´°m¬ ˛ sRm≠n-°m¬
N∏´ss° ˛ hnI-emw-K¿
Nmbv]v ˛ ho´n-t\mSv tN¿∂v sI´n-sb-SpØ `mKw

Nmgn ˛ Zp¿K-‘-ap≈ Hcp-Xcw Pohn

Nmcm≠v ˛ NmcmsX
Nndn ˛ Ihnƒ
NoX´v ˛ sNbvXn´v

Nocm®n°mcpsS IWn ˛ Nocm®n hn`m-K-°m-cpsS IWn

NqSn ˛ Ib¿
Nqev ˛ Xpd∏
sN°\vamcmbn´v ˛ B¨Ip-´n-If
- m-bn´v
tNdns°mgn®n´v ˛ Acnbpw a‰pw ap‰-Øn-en´v hI-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv

tNSØymcv ˛ tN´s‚ `mcy

sNm°d ˛ tIm¶Æv
tNm∂cØ Ijmbw ˛ cmkv\mZn Ijmbw
tPmdv ˛ hfsc \∂mbn
RmØn ˛ Xq°n

sRmdnhm¬ ˛ N´bpw ap≠pw

sRmasImt™m ˛ sNma-Ip-dt™m
UmhvWv ˛ ]‰n-°¬
UmhSnbv°m≠v ˛ I≈w ]d-bmsX
XfnI ˛ ]m{Xw

X√pw ˛ ASn°pw
197
XΩman¬ ˛ XΩn¬ XΩn¬

XnΩcs´m∂pw ˛ hnc-´s
- em∂pw
XnÆ ˛ ho´n¬ Ccn-°m-\p≈ Ccn-∏Sw
XncpIn ˛ `{Z-ambn kq£n-°pI
Xp∂nb ˛ Xbv∏n®
Xqhme ˛ I¿®o^v

XqhmeSnbv°tWmSØv∂v ˛ ag-bØv Cu¿∏w-]mdn hogp-t∂-SØv

sXdp∏n°pI ˛ _oUn sXdp-°pI
sXmbnc≠ ˛ sskz-ca
- pt≠m
\SbneIw ˛ hoSns‚ D≈nse apdn

\n°v´m ˛ \n¬°pI
\nßtdmsS ˛ \nß-fpsS
\qhv ˛ t\mhv
s\Kfw ˛ Al-¶mcw
t\cwIcn∏mbXv ˛ k‘y Bbm¬

t\¿®°Sw ˛ ho´mØ t\¿®

s\mc® ˛ \pc-™p-s]m-¥nb
]\ºpIƒ ˛ Cu‰, apf-sIm-≠p-≠m-°p∂ XSp°v
]tcy{]tØbv°v ˛ ASp-∏ns‚ `mKw
]´vfpw IsSw ˛ apf-bpsS Iq´w

]ckyw RmØnbn´p≠v ˛ ]ckyw Xq°n-bn-´p≠v

]dm´ ˛ Ft∂mSv ]d-bpI
]gvXmcym≠mhpw ˛ ]gp-Xmc D≠mIpw
]tcm_Kmcw ˛ ]tcm-]I
- mcw
]≈n°p‰m≠mhvtºm ˛ k`m-hn-e°v

]mgvthe ˛ hrYm-bXv\w
198
]n®n ˛ \p≈n thZ-\n-∏n-°pI

]n∂m°w ˛ ]nd-In-tem´v
]n®pI ˛ \p≈p-I
]pXap≠v ˛ ]pX∏v
t]dv ˛ {]khw
s]mdØbv°v ˛ ]pd-tØ-bv°v

s]mØpIƒ ˛ amf߃
s]mf߃ ˛ IpanfIƒ
s]m¥n hcp∂ ˛ Db¿∂p-h-cp∂
{]m°v ˛ im]w

s_√w ˛ i¿°c
t_‚pw ]qغm\ow ˛ t_‚p-ta-fhpw ]pØ≥]m-\bpw
atcymfv ˛ acp-aI
- ƒ
a®n ˛ {]k-hn-°mØ
a¥eabßn ˛ aÆpÆn

abn‰¬ ˛ sIm©¬
amπ ˛ acp-aI
- ≥
amdpsh®v sh≈w tImcpI ˛ I∏nbpw Ib-dp-an-√msX InW-‰n¬ \n∂pw
sh≈wtImcpI
amdmeIƒ ˛ Nne-¥n-he

apgpØ ˛ hep-Xmbn ]mIw-h∂

ap≠m≠v ˛ kwkm-cn-°msX
ap∂q¿s°mSw ˛ πmk‚
apjn™v ˛ NoØ-bm-bXv
aqØp ˛ ]mI-ambn

tae\ßym ˛ icocw Nen-∏n-°pI

199
samIw ˛ apJw

ΩsS ˛ \ΩpsS
Ωfv ˛ \Ωƒ, \mw
Ω°v ˛ \ap°v
hkvXn ˛ ]m{Xw
hdIew ˛ hd-°m-\p≈ Iew

hb‰pIÆn ˛ K¿`nWn
hb‰m´n ˛ {]khw FSp-°p∂ kv{Xo
h´s®∏v ˛ h´-Øn-ep≈ sN∏v ]m{Xw
hmey°m¿ ˛ ho´p-tPm-en-°m¿

she≠Sn®´vWv ˛ hne-ßs\ InS-°pI

shXbn√mØ ˛ Irjn-bn-√mØ
thSnbv°mw ˛ hmßn°mw
e∏m ˛ e∆mWv
ihn ˛ hnUvVn, a≠≥

i¥w ˛ N¥w
in√n ˛ Nn√n°miv
kØp_¥p°ƒ ˛ kz¥-_‘
- p-°ƒ
kqt°Sv ˛ tcmKw
dn£mh≠n ˛ Bƒ hen®psIm≠pt]mIp∂HcpX-c-wh≠n-

3.2.35 Xmc-Xay hni-I-e\w

a[y-tI-cf `mjm-t`Zw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv c≠v t\mh-ep-
I-fm-Wv. kmdm tPmk-^ns‚ "Bem-l-bpsS s]¨a-°fpw' Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb-
cpsS "\mep-sI´pw' c≠p t\mh-enepw a[ytIcf `mjmt`Z-amWv hcp-∂-sX-¶nepw c≠p
Pn√-bnse Fgp-Øp-Imcpw AhcpsS `mjmssien-bp-amWv t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ ImWm≥

Ignbp∂-Xv.
200
 kmdm-tPm-k-^ns‚ "Bem-l-bpsS s]¨a-°-fn'¬ IpSn-bn-cp-Ø-s∏´ \{km-Wn-

I-fpsS hmsamgn hyXn-bm-\-ß-fmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. `mjm-t`-Z-ß-fpsS sshhn[yw Gsd

{]I-Sa
- m-Ip∂ \K-ca
- mWv kmwkvIm-cn-IX
- e
- ÿ
- m-\a
- mb Xriq-¿. `mjm-]c
- a
- mb hyXn-bm-\-
߃ {]mtZ-in-IX hnfn-t®m-Xp∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈-h-bm-Wv. kmwkvIm-cnI ]›m-Ø-ew,
sXmgn¬, kap-Zm-bw, `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb {]h-W-X-Iƒ F∂nh {]mtZ-inI `mjm-t`-Z-
߃°v CS-sbm-cp-°p-∂p. "Bem-lb
- psS s]¨a-°f
- n'¬ ImWp∂ `mjm-]c
- a
- mb hyXym-

k-߃ t\m°p-tºmƒ `mj-bpsS Npcp° cq]-߃ ImWp-∂p-≠.v "Ip´n' F∂-Xn\v "IvSmhv'

F∂p ]d-bpw. AXp ]ns∂bpw ]cn-Wa
- n®v "Ivdmh'mIp∂("S' F∂Xv "d' bmIp-∂p) ÿe-
hp-ap-≠v. "\Ωƒ' F∂ ]Zw Xriq-cn¬ BZy-h¿Æw tem]n®v "Ωfv' F∂mbpw amdp-∂p.
`mjm-]-c-ambpw hym]-I-c-W-]-c-ambpw D≈ hn]p-e-amb hyXn-bm-\-ß-fmWv Xriq¿ `mj-

bpsS {]tXy-IX
- . "XΩn¬ XΩn¬' F∂p-≈X
- ns\ "XΩm-Ωn¬' F∂p ]d™v Nne hm°p-
I-fn¬ Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-Ifpw \S-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. IpSn-bn-cp-Øs
- ∏´ \{km-Wn-If
- psS `mj-
bn¬ Chn-SpsØ `mjmkhn-ti-jX {]I-Sa
- mbn ImWp-∂p. Bem-lb
- psS s]¨a-°f
- nse
AΩ-bpsS hmsamgn IYm-N-cn{Xw F∂ `mKw t\m°p-I.
""Bcow ]d™´v Imcyey IvSmth, CZv Aß≥sØ Hcvk-e-≠v. It≠m-

SØvs∂ms° Bfn-eymØ ih-ßfpw NØXpw No™Xpw H°ym sIm≠∂v ChnSym

X´pw. X√n-s°m∂p t]∏-´o-≠m-hpw. sX≠≥ X√n-®Ø t]mØp-≠m-hpw. AXns‚ aoX°v
NØ a\n-jycm hen-s®-dn-bpw. AX-ßSm sIS∂v No™´v A©p shf-°n‚hS hc -iq-
c-Sn-°pw. t]Sn-®´v Hcv a\n-jy≥ Cu hgn°m \S-°n-√. \osb-¥q´m IvSmth ]d-btW ?
A∂v tKmkm-bn-°p∂v H‰bv°v tIdm≥ Zbn-cy≈ Hcm-¶q-´oey Xriq-cß
- m-Soev∂!v Adntbzm?

\´p-®b
- °
v Wv ]nim-i°
v fvsS tX¿hm-gN
v . \n‚-∏m-∏≥ ItÆm≠m I≠-´≠
v .v X¥bpw htey
Zbn-cy-im-eymw. t_‚ v sk‰n¬sØ Nßm-Xn-am-tcmSm hmXv h®´v H‰°v tKmkm-bn-°p-∂m-
tI-dn. Xt¥s\ Fcn-tI-‰nhn´Xv ΩsS ap≠-s\-d∏
- m-bo-c∏
- \m. \Kmcw sIm´W Nm°pÆn!
ΩsS s]ms´≥ X¥ tKmkm-bn-°p∂m Ign-™∏ shd-bvIm\m sXmS-ßot√ym ? ¥q´m-
bmepw tKmkm-bn-°p∂m Ign™ tIm°m-©-dn-tW. C∏ΩsS Xesh´yƒsS ioa-_-¶-

fmhv \n°W ketey; Ah-sS-Øyt∏m X¥ Hcp \n¬]m\n∂p! F¥q-´Wv ? \´p-®bv°v

201
]¥-ßfpw ]nSn-®´v hcn-hc
- ym-bn´vWv t{]X-ßfv t]mtW. I¿Ømhotiman-in-lmtb. X¥

DSvtØem-ap-≈n. A∏-hsS hoWp. ]ns∂ Xcn_mZ≠m ? sImtd t\cw X´pw Xtd-eym≠v

B sIS∏m sIS-∂p.''
\{km-Wn-Iƒ°n-Sb
- n-ep≈ kwt_m-[\m coXn-Iƒ°pw hyXymkw ImWp-∂p-≠v.
""A∏m-∏≥'' t]mep≈ kwt_m-[\ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hnfn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. "A∏s‚ A∏-s\-
'bmWv Cßs\ hnfn-°p-∂X
- v. Htc ÿeØp Xs∂ ]e PmXn-Im¿°pw ]e Xc-Øn-ep≈

`mj-Iƒ D≠v. Xriq¿ {InkvXy≥ `mj-bn¬ A\y{X {]Nm-c-an-√mØ ]Z-ßfpw t\mh-

en¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
h¿W-tem]w h∂ At\Iw ]Z-߃ t\mh-enÃv {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-
ambn \n°-W˛ \n¬°p-∂, tImtc-tW-s‚˛ tImcp-∂-Xns‚, C∏-gpw-˛-C-t∏mgpw F∂n-ß-

s\-bp≈h ssien-Ifpw ]g-s©m-√p-I-fnepw {]mtZ-in-I-am-bp≈ hyXymkw hcp-∂p-≠v.

"\mSvXSv°mw aqSvXS- v°m≥ ]t‰ymt√', ]n®-®´- o∂vWv Ah¿ Iøn-´m-hcym' Cu ]g-s©m-√p-
I-fnse `mjssien-bn¬ `mjm-t`Zw ImWp-∂p-≠v.
`mj-W-t`Zw {]mbhyXymka\p-k-cn®v kw`-hn-°p-∂p. t\mh-en¬ AΩma
B\nsb hnfn-®n-cp-∂Xv "IvSmth' F∂m-Wv. kv{Xo]pcpjt`Zw `mj-bnepw D≠m-Im-dp-≠v.

"s]߃', "Bßf' F∂n-ßs

- \-bp≈ {]tbm-Khpw _lp-am\ kqN-Ia
- mbn "FSm' F∂p≈
hnfnbpw t\mh-en¬ ImWp-∂p.
`mjm-]-c-ambn {]tXy-I-X-bp≈ ]Z-߃ A]-{K-Yn-°p-tºmƒ Cw•o-jv, Ad-_n,
t]m¿Øp-Ko-kv, lnµn, t]¿jy≥, ssN\okv F∂o `mj-I-fn¬\n∂pw ISwsIm≠ ]Z-
ßfpw t\mh-en¬ ImWp-∂p-≠v. hyh-lmc]T-\-Øn¬ \ma]T-\-߃°v hfsc {]m[m-

\y-ap-≠v. ÿe-\m-a-߃, ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-Iƒ, `£-W-]-Zm¿∞-߃, IYm-]m{X \ma-߃

F∂n-h-bnepw {]mtZ-inI `mjm-t`Zw ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂p.
]e kap-Zm-b-°m-cp-sSbpw hmsamgn ]mc-º-cy-ß-fmWv \mS≥ ]m´p-Iƒ. t\mh-
en¬ \mS≥]m´v, awK-ey-]m-´v, hnt\m-Z]
- m-´v, sXmgn¬]m´v F∂n-ßs
- \-bp≈ ]m´p-Iƒ {]Xn-
]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. t\mh-ense IYm-]m-{X-amb B\nbpw Ip´n-Ifpw tN¿∂v \mSIw Ifn-°p-∂-

Xmbpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠.v `mjm]-ca

- mb hyXym-kß
- ƒ \mS≥ ]m´p-If
- nepw ImWp∂p.
202
 {]m¿∞\msamgn-Iƒ, ssZhoIkvXpXn-Iƒ, AS°w ]d-b¬ F∂n-ßs\ Nne

C\-߃ ]d-tb-≠-Xm-bp-≠v. kaq-l-Øns‚ A`n-em-j-ß-fp-sSbpw {]Xo-£-I-fp-sSbpw

{]Xn-^-e-\-am-Wh. tcmKm-h-ÿ-bn¬ InS-°p∂ ka-bØv {]m¿∞n-°p∂ {]m¿∞-\bpw
am\- k m- ¥ - c - Ø n\p th≠n {]m¿∞n- ° p∂ {]m¿∞\msamgn- I fpw t\mh- e n¬
]cma¿in®n´p≠v.
Pohn-XØ
- ns‚ hnhn[ L´-ßf
- n¬ sNtø≠ kwkvImc {Inb-Iƒ F√m kaq-l-

Ønepw ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. a\p-jys\ \∑-bn-te°v kwkvI-cn-s®-Sp-°p∂ I¿Ω-ß-

sf∂ \nebv°v Ahbv°v {]m[m\yw D≠v. ss{IkvX-h-cpsS hnizm-k-߃, NS-ßp-Iƒ,
BNm-cß
- ƒ, a‰p kwkvImc I¿Ω-߃ F∂nh "Bem-lb
- psS s]¨a-°fn'¬ ImWm≥
Ign-bp-∂p.

{InkvXy≥ aX-hn-`m-K-°m-cpsS hnip≤ {KŸ-amb ss__n-fnse IYm-]m-{X-ß-

sfbpw ]pcm-hrØ IYm-]m-{X-ß-sfbpw t\mh-ense kw`-h-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.
t\mh-en¬ hmsamgn Ncn-{X-ßfpw {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw cq]-s∏´p ImWp-∂p. {]m¿∞\ma{¥w
P]n-°p-∂Xpw Ncn{Xw Dcp-hn-Sp-∂Xpw t\mh-ense IYm-]m-{X-amb AΩm-Ωbv°p AXpey-
amb BflkwXr]vXn \¬Ip-∂p. {]m¿∞\ma{¥-ßf
- n¬ t]mepw Xmfm-flI `wKn Ie¿∂n-

cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.
\{km-Wn-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw hmsamgn hyXn-bm-\-߃ \nc-h-[n-bp-≠v. hnZym-k-º-∂-
cmb IYm-]m-{X-߃°n-S-bn¬ ImWp∂ `mjm-{]-tXy-I-X-Iƒ AXp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
tKmkm-bn-°p∂v s]mXpsh {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ ÿe-am-Wv. AhcpsS
kzm[o\w H√q¿ hsc \ofpw. Chn-sS-sb√mw hmsamgn hg-°-ß-fn¬ sNdpXpw hep-Xp-

amb hyXn-bm-\-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. t\mh-ense IYm-]m{X kw`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ IpSn-bn-cp-

Ø-s∏´ \{km-Wn-I-fpsS `mjmkhn-ti-jX ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
Fw.-Sn-bpsS "\mep-sI´n'¬ ImWp-∂Xv h≈p-h\
- m-Sm≥ kwkmc coXn-bpsS hmsamgn
Xmfhpw CuWhpw hg°hp-am-W.v IYm-]m{X `mj-WØ
- n-\mWv Fw.-Sn. A[nIw {]m[m\yw
\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- .v h≈p-h\
- m-S≥ `mj-bpsS DNn-Xa
- mb {]tbm-Kß
- ƒ t\mh-en¬ ImWm≥

km[n-°p-∂p. Hcp kwkvIm-cØ

- ns‚ `mK-am-bp-≠mb hmsam-gn-bmWv h≈p-h\
- m-S≥ `mj.
203
{]mtZ-inI `mjm-]-Z-ßfpw ]g-s©m-√p-Ifpw h≈p-h-\m-Sns‚ am{Xw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-h-bp-

ap-≠v. "\mep-sI´n'¬ CØ-cØ

- n-ep≈ ]Z-{]-tbm-Kß
- fpw ]g-s©m-√p-Ifpw [mcmfw ImWp-
∂p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v "A‰-I-bnev D∏p-tX-bv°n√', "A¥w Ip¥w-eym≠v'.
`mjm-]T
- \
- Ø
- n¬ _‘-kq-NI ]T-\ß
- ƒ°v hfsc {]m[m\yw D≠v. t\mh-en¬
Fw.Sn "Hmt∏mƒ' , "Hm∏' F∂o hm°p-Iƒ {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. "ktlm-Zcn', "ktlm-Z-c≥'
F∂o A¿∞-ßs
- f-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂X
- .v h≈p-h\
- m-S≥ `mj-bpsS DNn-Xa
- mb {]tbmKw

t\m°nepw hm°nepw {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v. "hgp-X-\bvß' ˛ "hgp-X-\ß', "hmgbv°" -˛

"hmg°' F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ `mjm-]-c-amb hyXn-bm-\-߃ "\mep-sI´n'¬ {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-
≠v. sZbvhw ˛ ssZhw, Fd-ßn ˛ Cd-ßn, tXmi ˛ tZmi Cßs\ h¿Æ hnImcw kw`-hn®
At\Iw hm°p-Iƒ ImWmw. "h' Imcw "_' Imcw Bbn amdp∂ ]Z-{]-tbm-Kß
- ƒ {]tbm-

Kn-®n-´p-≠v. ap…ow P\-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ kwkm-c-`m-j-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]Z{]tbm-K-ß-fm-

Wv. "sshtKy', "aXytΩ', "Ctey' Cß-s\-bp≈ {]tbm-K-߃ kµ¿`-a-\p-k-cn®v ]e
ÿe-ßf
- nepw {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠.v IpSn-tb‰ P\X \S-Ønb CS-s]-Se
- p-Iƒ aptJ\ aX]chpw
`mjm-]c
- h
- p-amb am‰-߃ kw`-hn-®p. sXmgn¬]-ca
- mb ]Z-ßf
- nepw {]mtZ-inI hyXymkw
ImWp-∂p. Im¿jnI hrØn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]Z-{]-tbm-K-߃ t\mh-en¬ ImWp-∂p-

≠v. A\y-tZ-i-°m-cp-ambn CS-]-gIn Pohn® kml-Ncyw hgnbpw aX-]-c-ambpw hmWn-Py-

]-ca
- m-bp-ap≈ _‘w hgnbpw t]m¿Øp-Ko-kp-Im-cp-sSbpw U®p-Im-cp-sSbpw IS∂p Ib‰w
hgnbpw ]Z-߃ ISw sIm≠-Xm-bn´v ImWp-∂p-≠v.
D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-kw, tPmen tXS¬ CXp-hgn h∂p tN¿∂ Cw•o-jv `mj-bpsS
kzm[o\w Cu t\mh-en¬ {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. `mjm-]-c-amb hyXym-k-߃

kv{Xo˛-]p-cp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bnepw ImWp-∂p-≠v. hnhn[ sXmgn¬ sNøp-∂-h¿ a‰p hn`m-K-

°m-cp-ambn Bi-bh
- n-\n-abw sNøp-∂Xp hgn ]e¿°pw `mj Ipsd-°qSn sa®-s∏´p ImWp-
∂p-≠.v Im¿jnI taJ-es
- b∂ \ne-bnepw h≈p-h\
- m-Sn\v {]m[m-\y-ap-≠.v ip≤-amb \mtSmSn
`mj-bpsS Ir{Xn-aa
- \
- y-an-√mØ Bhn-jvImcw ASn-tbm≥-˛D
- S- t- bm≥ _‘-ßf
- n¬t∏mepw
Is≠-Øm-\m-Ip-∂p. \mtSmSn `mj-bn-ep≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ hg°w, hcm-t´m˛ ImWmt´m

F∂p≈sXms° {]I-S-ambn ImWp-∂p-≠v.

204
 sXs° ae-_m-dnse ]gb h≈p-h-\mSv {]tZ-isØ hy‡-am-°p∂ hn[-Øn-
ep≈ ÿe-h¿Æ-߃ Cu t\mh-en-ep-≠v. h≈p-h-\m-S≥ `mj ]e-t∏mgpw kµ¿`-a-\p-
k-cn®mWv {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. "h∂n-cp∂p' F∂-Xn\v ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw "h∂vWp' F∂m-
Wv ]d-bp-∂X
- v. "H´p-an√' F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ "Ct√-bn√ym' F∂Xp t]mse {]tbm-Kß
- ƒ
\nc-h[n "\mep-sI´n'¬ hcp-∂p-≠v. XrØm-e, ]´mºn F∂n-hn-Sß
- f
- n-sems° ip≤ h≈p-
h-\m-S≥ hmsam-gn-bm-Wp-≈X
- .v km[m-cW D®m-cW
- Ø
- n-\∏
- p-da
- p≈ Du∂n-∏d
- ®
- n-ep-Iƒ h≈p-
h-\m-S≥ `mj-bn¬ ImWmw. Iogmf `mj-bpsS hc-sam-gn°pw X\Xp hy‡n-Xz-ap-≠.v km[m-
c-W-°m-cpsS Bi-bm-hn-jvI-c-W-ß-fn-te°p t\m°n-bm¬ h≈p-h-\m-Sns‚ kv]¿iw
AhnsSbpw ImWp-∂p-≠v. \nc-h[n \mS≥ ]Z-߃ Cu IrXn-bn¬ ImWmw.
kwkvIm-c kw{I-a-W-Øn-\p≈ am[y-a-amWv `mj. P\ kaq-l-ß-fpsS BNm-cm-
\p-jvTm-\ß
- ƒ, Poh-\k
- {- º-Zmb߃, hg-°ß
- ƒ, kmaq-lnI \S-]S- n-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh
- s
- b-
°p-dn®v Adnhv t\S-W-sa-¶n¬ `mjm]T\w IqSntb Xocq. aX-]-c-amb NS-ßp-Iƒ, A\p-
jvTm\ I¿Ω-߃ F∂n-h-bnepw {]mtZ-inI `mjmt`Zw ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂p. Hmtcm
kap-Zm-b-Im-cp-sSbpw kwkvImc {Inb-I-fn¬ PmXn-`m-jbpw {]mtZ-inI `mjbpw D≠v.
BNm-c`- m-jb
- mWv as‰m-cn\w. {]mNo\ tIc-fØ
- nse BNm-cß
- fpw D]-Nm-cß
- fpw
ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw C∂v am™p sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶nepw {KmaoW Pohn-X-Øn¬
AXns‚ kzm[o\w Ipd™ tXmXn¬ ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. hnhn[ PmXn-°m¿ At\ym\yw
{]tbm-Kn-°p∂ BNmc ]Z-ß-fn¬ {]tZ-i-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw Ahbv°v t`Z-ap-
≠v. {]mb-t`Zw IqSmsX Iogmf taem-f-tcmSv BNmcw ]d-bp∂ hm°p-Iƒ Cu t\mh-en-
ep-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v "sNdyºcm', "ASn-b≥', "X{ºm≥', F∂nh.
`mjm{]tbm-K-Øn¬ X\n h≈p-h-\m-S≥ ssien Xs∂bmWv Fw.-Sn. BJym-\-
Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXc IYm-]m-{X-ßfpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS IYm-]m-
{XsØ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ coXn "\mep-sI-´n'¬ IqSp-X¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ap…ow
IYm-]m-{X-ßsf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cp-tS-Xmb `mj-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv BJym\w
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X
- v. h≈p-h\
- m-S≥ kwkmc coXn-bpsS Xmfhpw hg-°hpw KpWhpw ChnsS
ImWmw. {Kmay-amb D®m-c-Whpw \o´epw Ipdp-°epw tem]-ß-fpw `mj-bpsS {]mtZ-in-
IXzw hnfn-t®m-Xp-∂p. \mep-sI-´n¬ \n∂pw Hcp `mjW kµ¿`w t\m°mw.
205
 ]mdp-°p-´nbpw i¶-c≥\m-bcpw A∏p-Wn-bpsS ]T-\-Im-cy-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p.

""FSpØq A∏pÆn' ?
""Hm≥ kvIqfn¬ t]mbn-cn°ym''
kvIqfp sXmd-∂yt√
"C∂m sXmd-°-Wv. Hm≥ F´v∂p Pbn-®-S-°vWp. C∂p k¿´n-^n-°‰v hmßm≥
t]mbn-cn-°ym. Hms‚ kwKXn ]d-bm≥ X∂ym hnfn-®v.'

"F¥m Hm\v ?'

"Hm\v XrØme kvIqfnev tNc-Ww∂v taml-t≠v''
""Dw, Hm\p ]Tn®v Hcp tNmdm-bm¬ Hmt‚-S-Øn-\m-hqtem'',
""t∂s°m≠p Ign-s™m∂z√. Hms‚ tamlw AXm-®m¬...''

""Dw ]Tn-°-s´, Ht°-‰n\pw sZbvshmcp hgn I≠n-´v≠m-hpw, ]mdp-´ytΩ''.

Fw.-Sn.sb h≈p-h-\m-Sns‚ IYmIm-c≥ F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°m-sa-¶n¬ AXn-\-Sn-
ÿm\w Cu h≈p-h-\m-S≥ hmsamgn kwkvIm-c-am-Wv. Fw.-Sn-bpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ h≈p-h-
\m-S≥ `mjmt`Zw \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
t\mhepIƒ XΩn¬ ]cntim[n°ptºmƒ "\mepsI´n'¬ h≈ph\mS≥

ssieo{]tbmKßfpw "BemlbpsS s]¨a°fn'¬ Xriq¿ `mjmt`ZhpamWv BJym\w

sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. `mjbpsS i_vZXeØnepw cq]XeØnepw hmIyLS\mXeØnepw
F√mw Fw.Sn. khntijXIƒ ]pe¿Ønbn´p≠v. \njvIf¶Xbpw cknIXbpw
\¿Ωt_m[hpw \nd™ Xriq¿ `mjmt`ZamWv "BemlbpsS s]¨a°fn'¬
ImWp∂Xv . c≠p t\mhenepw `mjmt`Zw hcp∂ ]Z߃ {]tbmKØn¬

sIm≠ph∂n´p≠v. hymIcW khntijXIƒ, h¿ÆhnImcw h∂ hm°pIƒ, tem]w

h∂ ]Z߃ F∂nßs\bp≈ `mjm{]tbmK߃ "\mepsI´n'¬ ImWmw. "BemlbpsS
s]¨a°fn'¬ {InkvXy≥ `mjbnse aXmNmc]Zßfpw h¿Æ]cnWmaw h∂ ]Zßfpw
ImWp∂p. c≠p t\mhepIfnepw _‘kqNI]Z߃, ssieo{]tbmK߃,
D®mcWØns‚ {]tXyIX F∂nh ImWm≥ km[n°p∂p. "BemlbpsS s]¨a°fn'¬

BhiyØn\pw A\mhiyØn\pw Ak`yhm°pIƒ {]tbmKn®n´p≠v . kv { Xo

206
]pcpjt`Z߃ c≠p t\mhenepw D]tbmKn®v ImWp∂p. ÿesØ

\n¿Æbn°p∂Xn\p≈ [mcmfw ]cma¿i߃ BJym\Ønep≠v. sXs° ae_mdnse

]gb h≈ph\mSv {]tZisØ hy‡am°p∂ hn[ØnemWv ÿe \n¿t±i߃
\¬Inbncn°p∂Xv. "BemlbpsS s]¨a°fn'¬ Xriq¿ {]m¥{]tZisØ ÿeßfpw
tIm°m©nd F∂ ÿet∏cpw {]tXyIw ]cma¿in®n´p≠v. hmsamgn Ncn{X߃
t\mhen¬ \nd™p \n¬°p∂p. IYm]m{X\ma߃°v {InkvXy≥ t]cpIfmWv

\¬Inbncn°p∂Xv. c≠p t\mhepIfnepw IYm]m{X `mjW߃ {]mtZinIX

hnfnt®mXp∂p.

207
Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. sI.sI.-_m-_p-cmPv -˛ hwio-b-Xbpw `mj-bpw, ]pdw 27

2. tUm. F≥.kmw ˛ ae-bmf `mjm]T-\-߃ hymI-c-Whpw hkvXp-X-I-fpw, ]pdw192
3. tUm. hn.-doP -˛ Xrt°m-´q¿ Xmbvhgn, ]pdw 56
4. ]n.-Fw.Kn-co-jv -˛ tIc-f-Ønse BNm-c-`m-j, ]pdw 59

5. Ccp-ºbw chn -˛ `mjmhyh-lmccq]-߃, ]pdw 207

6. Un.-sI.-Ip-©p-Æn-cmP -˛ `mjmKth-j-Ww, ]pdw 125
7. ]n.-Fw.-tPm-k^v -˛ ae-bmfØnse ]c-Iob ]Z-߃, ]pdw 147
8. AtX]p-kvXIw, ]pdw 220
9. sI.-Fw.-{]-`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿ -˛ `mjm-h-tem-I-\w, ]pdw 175

10. tUm. Fw.hn.hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xncn -˛ t^mIvtem¿ {]_-‘-߃, ]pdw 196

11. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv -˛ \mtSmSn PohnI, ]pdw 334
12. G‰p-am-\p¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω -˛ sFXnlyhpw kmlnXy hna¿i-\hpw \mS≥ ]m-´p-I-
fn¬ \n∂v \mS-I-Øn-te-°v, ]pdw 134

13. tUm. hn.-doP -˛ Xrt°m-´q¿ Xmbvhgn, ]pdw 139

14. tUm. Fw.hn.hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xncn -˛ \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\o-bw, ]pdw 130
15. tUm. Fw.hn.hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xncn -˛ \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\o-bw, ]pdw 166
16. AtX-]p-kvXIw, ]pdw 172
17. Ccp-ºbw chn -˛ `mjmhyh-lmccq]-߃, ]pdw 231

18. tUm. Fw.hn.hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xncn -˛ \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\o-bw, ]pdw 125

19. Un.-sI.-Ip-©p-Æn-cmP -˛ `mjmKth-j-Ww, ]pdw 126
20. ]n.-Fw.-tPm-k^v -˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse ]c-Iob ]Z-߃, ]pdw 306
21. sI.-Ip-©p-Æn-cmP -˛ `mjmKth-j-Ww, ]pdw 133
22. tUm. Fw.hn.hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xncn -˛ \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\o-bw, ]pdw 251

23. AtX-]p-kvXIw, ]pdw 227

208
 A≤ymbw \mev

hS-°≥ tIcf `mj-t`Zw

"Xrt°m-´q¿s]cp-a'-bnepw "F≥a-Is
- P'-bnepw