Name: Kasandra T.

Ballon Subject: Developmental Psychology

Developmental Outcomes for Children at High Risk of Dyslexia and Children with
Developmental Language Disorder
(Reaction Paper)

Based on the article, Dyslexia was defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder

characterized by difficulties in learning to read and spell, typically associated with phonological

deficits. The study aims to determine what is the incidence of dyslexia, defined as the word-level

reading deficit in children at family risk (FR), preschool with language difficulties and controls;

To identify the rate of comorbidity between Dyslexia and Developmental Language Disorder

(DLD) and; To know if the outcome groups differ in terms of a history of co-occurring deficits in

executive skills and attention or motor skills.

According to the results drawn, this new research is consistent with the previous

studies (can be found in the Introduction). They found an increased rate of difficulties among

children at familial risk of dyslexia and the findings also confirmed that poor language is a

precursor of it as originally proposed by Scarborough (1990). In the case of DLD, phonological

difficulties decrease over time. In the comorbid cases of dyslexia and DLD, the researchers

provide evidence that phonological deficits are more severe than in either the dyslexia or DLD

alone.

The study is very comprehensive that it really matches almost all of the inferences

drawn on other previous researches. However, it’s really heart breaking to know that some

children really have this kind of disorder, specifically the preschoolers. Based on the movie

focusing on dyslexia that I’ve got to watch during my grade school days, the children with this

kind of disorder they experience rough criticisms and discriminations because that time, people
are still not aware of the some students/children are already in need of medical attention. It’s

really hard for them to ride with the world’s absurdities, but only the people are knowledgeable

enough and become open-minded, these children with dyslexia, DLD or with comorbid case of

two disorders.

Annotated Bibliography:

Snowling, M., Gooch, D., Hulme, C., Nash, H., Thomas, M. (2019). Developmental

outcomes for children at high risk of dyslexia and children with development language

disorder. Child Development. 90(5). 548-564. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13216

This study aims to determine the incidence of dyslexia in children at family risk (FR),

children with language difficulties and controls and to determine if the outcome groups

differ in terms of history of co-occurring deficits and executive skills and attention or motor

skills. This article proved and matched the inferences of some of the previous researches

about the developmental trajectories of Dyslexia, Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)

and then comorbid cases of the said disorders.