Ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) is solid fuel used in spacecraft.

At very high temperature, the

fuel decomposes completely into water vapor, nitrogen, chlorine, and oxygen gas.
a. Write the balanced reaction equation of the solid fuel decomposition.
b. Determine the pressure in atm unit from 700 gram decomposition of solid fuel at 800 °C in
60 L of tank. Assume all gases are ideal.
c. Determine the density of gas mixture at point b in g/L unit.
d. Determine the partial pressure of oxygen at point b in atm unit.
e. Determine the effusion rate ratio of chlorine to oxygen.

Graphite is the solid phase carbon at room temperature and pressure. The transition phase can be
induced by the change of temperature and pressure. The phase equilibriums of carbon at 0.001
until 10 Gpa are given.

Phase equilibrium Temperature Pressure

(K) (GPa)
C(s, graphite) ⇌ C(g) 4000 0.0015
C(s, graphite) ⇌ C(l) ⇌ C(g) 4300 0.01
C(s, graphite) ⇌ C(l) 4400 10
C(s, graphite) ⇌ C(l) 4800 1
C(l) ⇌ C(g) 8000 0.2
C(l) ⇌ C(g) 10000 0.25
According to the given data, sketch the carbon phase diagram and put the appropriate phase label
and triple point.

Methanol (CH3OH), methane (CH4), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), ethylene glicol (HO-CH2CH2-OH)
are common industrial carbon compounds.
a. Write the boiling point order of CH3OH, CH4 and CH3Cl (start from the highest). Explain
your answer.
b. If the normal boiling point of methane is 164 °C, determine the boiling point at 2.5 atm.
(ΔHvap = 9.2 kJ/mol)
c. Among CH3OH, CH4, CH3Cl, and HO-CH2CH2-OH, determine the compound that has
highest viscosity at a given temperature and pressure. Explain your answer.

The mixture of copper (Cu) and gold (Au) is crystallize in the following order.
- Copper atoms at face of cube
- Gold atom at corner of cube
a. Determine the empirical formula of Cu-Au crystal.
b. Determine the lattice crystal type of Au.
c. If the density of crystal is 12.23 g/cm3, determine the edge length of the crystal unit cell.
d. The purity of gold can be expressed by karat. The pure gold (100% w/w) is 24 karat. Copper
can be used as impurity to decrease the purity of gold. Determine the gold purity in karat of
Cu-Au crystal.