IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

EXERCISE # 3
Answer Key & Solution

Question Question Question Question

Solution Solution Solution Solution
Number Number Number Number
1 Click Here 11 Click Here 21 Click Here 31 Click Here
2 Click Here 12 Click Here 22 Click Here 32 Click Here
3 Click Here 13 Click Here 23 Click Here 33 Click Here
4 Click Here 14 Click Here 24 Click Here 34 Click Here
5 Click Here 15 Click Here 25 Click Here 35 Click Here
6 Click Here 16 Click Here 26 Click Here 36 Click Here
7 Click Here 17 Click Here 27 Click Here 37 Click Here
8 Click Here 18 Click Here 28 Click Here
9 Click Here 19 Click Here 29 Click Here
10 Click Here 20 Click Here 30 Click Here

CAREER POINT ________________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 1

Sol.1 [C]
mg(OH)2 = mg+2 + 20H–
x 2x
+2 – 2
Ksp = [Mg ] [OH ]
= x (2x)2
= 4x3

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2 | Ionic Equilibrium ________________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.2 [C]
AB2  A2+ + 2B–
S 2S
3
Ksp = 4S
 = 4 (10–4)3 = 4 × 10–15

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CAREER POINT ________________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 3

Sol.3 [D]
MX4  M + 4X
S 4S
Ksp = S (4S)4
256 S5
1
 K sp  5
S =  

 256 

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4 | Ionic Equilibrium ________________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.4 [A]
MX2  M2+ + 2–
S S 2S
Ksp = 4S3
4S3 = 4 × 10–12
S3 = 10–12
S = 10–4 M

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CAREER POINT ________________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 5

Sol.5 [C] H2A = H+ + HA– K1 = 10–5
HA– = H+ + A2– K2 = 5 × 10–10
H2A = 2H+ + A2– K = K1 × K2
= 5 × 10–15

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6 | Ionic Equilibrium ________________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.6 [C]
PKa = 4.5
[A – ]
=1
[HA ]
PH = PKa = 4.5
PH = 14 – 4.5 = 9.5

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CAREER POINT ________________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 7

Sol.7 [B]
AglO5 Ksp = S2 = 1 × 10–8
S = 10–4 M
in 100 ml. 10–5 mole
 mass = 283 × 10–5 gm
= 2.83 ×10–3 gm

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8 | Ionic Equilibrium ________________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.8 [B]
1 1
pH = 7 + pKa – pKb
2 2
1 1
=7+ × 4.8 – × 4.78
2 2
= 7 + 0.01 = 7.01

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CAREER POINT ________________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 9

Sol.9 [A]
[CO32–] = 10–4 M
5.1 10 –9
[Ba2+] = = 5.1 × 10–5
10 – 4

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10 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.10 [D] H2CO3 = H+ + HCO3–
[H+] = [HCO3–]

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 11

Sol.11 [C]
KspAgBr = 5 × 10–13
[Ag+] = 0.05 M
5  10 –13 5  10 –15
 [Br–] = =
0.05 5  10 – 2
= 10–11 M
Amount of AgBr = 120 × 10–11
= 1.2 × 10–9 gm

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12 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.12 [B]
H2PO4– + H2O  HPO42– + H3O+
Acid

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 13

Sol.13 [C]
Ksp = [Mg2+] [OH–]2
10–11 = 0.001 [OH–]2
[OH–]2 = 10–8
[OH–] = 10–4
pOH = 4
pH = 10

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14 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.14 [B] 1 × 10–5

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 15

Sol.15 [C]
PbI2 Pb++ + 2I–
Ksp = s × (2s)2 = 4s3
3
 0 .7  –9
= 4 ×  = 14.0 × 10
 461 . 2 

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16 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.16 [A]
Let solubility of AgCl = x mol / L
AgCl Ag+ + Cl–
i.e., Ksp(AgCl) = x × x
KCl  K+ + Cl–
0.1
–
[Cl ] from KCl = 0.1 m
Ksp(AgCl) = [Ag+][Cl–] = x(x + 0.1)
1.0 × 10–10 = x (x + 0.1)
1.0 × 10–10 = x2 + 0.1x
1.0 × 10–10 = 0.1x (as x2 << 1)
x = 1.0 × 10–9 mol/L

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 17

Sol.17 [D]
When ionic product i.e. the product of the concentration of ions in the solution exceeds the value of solubility
product, formation of precitpiate occurs.
CaF2 Ca2+ + 2F–
Ionic product = [Ca2+] [F–]2
When, [Ca2+] = 1 × 10–2 M
[F–]2 = (1 × 10–3)2 M
= 1 × 10–6 M
 [Ca ] [F–]2 = (1 × 10–2) (1 × 10–6)
2+

= 1 × 10–8
In this case,
Ionic product (1 × 10–8) >
solubility product (1.7 × 10–10)
 Hence (2) is correct options

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18 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.18 [B]
The more is the value of equilibrium constant, the more is the completion of reaction or more is the
concentration of products i.e. the order of relative strength would be
OH– > CN– > H2O

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 19

Sol.19 [B]
HCl ; pH = 1 ; [H+] = 10–1
Final pH = 2 ; [H+] = 10–2
M1 × V1 = M2 × V2
10–1 × (1 lit.) = 10–2 × V2
V2 = 10 lit.
Vwater = V2 – V1 = 9 lit.

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20 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.20 [A]
Given Na2CO3 = 1.0 × 10–4 M
 [CO3– –] = 1.0 × 10–4 M
i.e. s = 1.0 × 10–4 M
At equilibrium
[Be++] [CO3– –] = Ksp of BaCO3
At equilibrium
[Ba++] [CO3 – –] = Ksp of BaCO3
K sp 5.1  10 9
[Ba++] = =
[CO 3

] 1.0  10 4
= 5.1 × 10–5 M

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 21

Sol.21 [D]
1 1 1
 k sp  3  k sp  5 1  k 4

 4
 ,     sp 
  108  , k sp 2 ,  27 
     

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22 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.22 [D]
Given : [OH–]=5 × 10–2
 pOH = –log 5 = 10–2
= –log5 + 2 log 10 = 1.30
 pH + pOH = 14
 p = 14 – pOH
= 14 – 1.30 = 12.70

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 23

Sol.23 [C]
–
Higher the value of Ka lower will be the value of pKa i.e. higher will be the acidic nature. Further since CN ,
– –
F and NO2 are conjugate base of the acids HCN, HF and HNO2 respectively hence the correct order of base
strength will be
– – –
F < NO2 < CN
( stronger the acid weaker will be its conjugate base)

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24 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.24 [D]
Given at 330 K
Kw = 10–13.6
i.e. pKw = pH + pOH
 pOH = –log [OH–]
13.6 = pH + pOH
pOH = – log 10–4
13.6 = pH + 4
 pH = 13.6 – 4
= 9.6

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 25

Sol.25 [D]
Salt
pH = pKa + log
Acid
7 .5
= 4.76 + log 500
5
500
= 4.7 + log 1.5 = 4.87
Hence correct answer is 4.76 < pH < 5.0

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26 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.26 [D]
Sodium acetate is a salt of strong base and weak acid.
1 1
 pH = 7 + pKa + log c where
2 2
pka = –log Ka = –log 10–5 = 5
log c = log 10–1 = –1
5 1
pH = 7 + – = 9.0
2 2

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 27

Sol.27 [D]
Solutions which resist the change in the value of pH when small amount of acid or base is added to them are
known as buffers.

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28 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.28 [C]
[Zr3 (PO4)] 3Zr4+ + 4PO43–
3s 4s
Ksp = (3S)3 (4S)4
= 27S3 × 256 S4
= 6912S7.
1/7
 K sp 
 S =  

 6912 

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 29

Sol.29 [D]
1 1 1
pH = pK w  pK a  pK b
2 2 2
1 1 1
=  14   3.2   3.4
2 2 2
= 7 + 1.6 – 1.7
= 6.9

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30 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.30 [A]
HA H+ + A–
(Unionized, weak acid and common ion effect)
HA + NaOH  NaA + H2O
NaA  Na+ + A– (inonized)
[ H  ][ A  ]
Ka =
[ HA ]
Given, pH = 6, [H+] = 1 × 10–6
K a [ Acid ]
[H+] =
[Salt ]
[Salt ] Ka 10 5
= = = 10 : 1
[ Acid ] [H ]

10 6

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 31

Sol.31 [D]
NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
moles of HCl = 0.2 M × 25 × 10–3 L = 0.005
moles HCl (total consumed)
moles of NH3 = 0.2 M × 50 × 10–3 L = 0.01
moles HCl
excess NH3 = 0.01 – 0.005 = 0.005 moles
1 mole ammonia = 1 mole NH4Cl
0.005 NH3 = 0.005 NH4Cl
Total volume = VHCl + VNH3
= 25 + 50 = 75 mL
0.005 mole
[NH3] = [NH4Cl] = = 0.066 M
75  10 3 L
[NH4 Cl ]
pOH = pKb + log
[NH3 ]
[0.066]
pOH = 4.75 + log
[0.066]
pOH = 4.75
pH = 14 – pOH
 pH = 9.25

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32 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.32 [B]
CH3COOK
WASB salt
Upon hydrolysis KOH gives strongest basic solution

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 33

Sol.33 [C]
alkali

Acid

Methyl orange
Yellow to red

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34 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.34 [D]
CH3
(6e–)
B
H3C CH3

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 35

Sol.35 [D]
AgNO3
Cl   Na   NaCl   AgCl
( white ppt ) ( Neutral )
( inso lub le in dilute HNO3 )

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36 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.36 [B]
SiCl4 + LiAlH4  LiCl + AlCl3 + SiH4

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CAREER POINT _______________________________________________________ Ionic Equilibrium | 37

Sol.37 [B]
Due to common ion effect insufficient concentration of sulphide ion (S2–) is produced. Thus the ionic product
of Ni2+ and S2– ions is less than the Ksp of NiS, so NiS will not precipitate out.

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38 | Ionic Equilibrium ______________________________________________________ CAREER POINT