Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.PART I-Foundations of Ed (I) Windows To Success
1.PART I-Foundations of Ed (I) Windows To Success
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B. Medieval Education
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A. Renaissance
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Formal
Social
Sense
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11. The stage of Cognitive Development by Jean Piaget is recognized now as one of the best
contributions to the educational system.
12. Edward Thorndike made outstanding contribution through his three famous laws:
readiness, exercise, and effect.
13. The aim of education for the preservation and progress of society can be attributed to
John Dewey.
14. Individualized instruction being practiced today originated during the period of
humanism.
Period
Period
session
Japanese
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Restatement of National Development Goals and Educational Aims (based on the result of the survey
of PCSPE)
Education During the New Society (1972-1986)
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I. BASIC CONCEPTS
What is Philosophy?
Comes from the Greek words: philo means love; sophio means wisdom
“an unusually stubborn attempt to think clearly.” (William James)
“a world view, a doctrine of values, meanings and purpose of human life.” (Leighton)
“the endeavor to achieve a comprehensive view of life and its meaning (Amos)
“a generalized theory of education.” (Dewey)
Metaphysics
Systematic analysis of the question
of ultimate reality
Fundamental existence of reality
Developed during the Middle Age
Epistemology Logic
Has to do with effective Focuses on the
approaches to teaching and AREAS OF formal structure
learning PHILOSOPHY
of truth and
Recognizes importance of argument
education
Axiology
“sets values desirable to live by,
anytime, or place”
Divided ethics: into moral and aesthetic
Subjects as GMRC and Values Education
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A. Western Philosophies
Idealism
Aims of Education must exist as an institution of human society concerned in one’s spirituality and
Education not because of natural necessity alone.
Education develops the individual spiritually, mentally, and morally
Curriculum Subjects offered essential for mental, moral and spiritual development such as: Philosophy,
Theology, History, Arts, Mathematics, Literature, Values Education, GMRC, and Christian
Living
Methods of Informal Dialect
Teaching Questions and Discussion
Lecture
Excursion and Field trip
Project Method
Meditation
Reading
Role of Creator of the educational environment
Teachers Chief source of inspiration , knowledge, and information
Excellent mentally, morally and spiritually
A reserved person/ conversant
Role of A thinking institution
School Promotes high cognitive level of education
Promotes cultural learning
Develops moral character of a person
Realism
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Pragmatism/ Experimentalism
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Perrennialism
Progressivism
Educational Produce the “whole man” who will become a responsible member of society
Aims Give strength and meaning to community life
Curriculum No structured curriculum/ Child-centered curriculum
Emphasis on life experiences
4 H’s (health, head, heart, hand) for physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and
manipulative skills
Methods of Problem solving/ Reflective strategies
Teaching Cooperative learning strategies
Socialized group activities and situations
Conferences/ Consultation
Observation and participation
Experiential and social development
Role of Act as a resource person
Teachers Serve as advisers, counselors, and guides
Teach students how to learn and become active problem solvers
Role of Teach to develop personal and social values
School Set up a democratic classroom environment
Provide atmosphere for group thinking
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Essentialism
Existentialism
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Reconstructionism
Confucianism Confuciuos, China The “Golden Rule,” Do unto others what you want others do
unto you.
Taoism China “Harmony with nature.” Regards nature as sacred and even
an extension of human selves.
Buddhism Buddha, Japan “The third eye helps us to read; enlightenment through silent
meditation.”
Shintoism Shotoku Japan “Behave in the Kami No Michi which means deities or
gods.”
Hinduism India “A commitment to an ideal way of life called Dharma
characterized by honesty, courage, service, faith, self-
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One God
Sacred ground
Polygamy
Equality before God
Life after death
Prohibition on intoxicating drink
Duty to animals
Limited
Truthfulness/ charity
C. Filipino Philosophies
Philosopher Philosophy
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What is Ethics?
Derived from the Greek word ethos meaning characteristic way of acting (Glenn, 1968),
and ethiks or doctrine of morality.
Identical to moral science or moral philosophy
Practical and philosophical science of morality of human acts or human conduct (Ignacio,
1985)
What is Morality?
What are some of the Guiding Principles in formulating our ends of action?
“An objectively good act done for a good end merits another goodness from such end”
“An objectively evil act done for an evil purpose takes new evil from the evil if the end is
the whole motive of the act.
An objectively evil act can never become good by reason of good end.
An act which is indifferent objectively may become evil if its intended end is evil.
There are two documents which embody the rights and privileges as well as the duties
and responsibilities of public school teachers
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THE TEACHING PROFESSION
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Pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph (e), Article II, of R.A. No. 7836,
otherwise known as the “Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994” and
Paragraph (a), Section 6, P.D. No. 223, as amended, the Board of Professional Teachers
adopts and promulgates the “Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers.”
PREAMBLE
Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possess dignity and reputation
with high moral values as well as technical and professional competence. In the
practice of their noble profession, they strictly adhere to, observe and practice this set
of ethical and moral principles, standards, and values.
Article I Article II
Scope and Limitations The Teacher and the State
(2 sec) (8 sec)
All educational institutions The schools are nurseries of
shall offer quality education the future citizens of the
for all Filipino citizens. state
This code shall apply to all Each teacher is a trustee of
teachers in all schools in the the cultural and educational
Philippines including persons heritage of the nation.
performing supervisory and/ Under obligation to transmit
or administrative functions. to learners such heritage as
well as to elevate national
morality, promote national
pride, cultivate love of
country, instill allegiance to
the Constitution and respect
for all duly constituted
authorities, and promote
obedience to the laws of the
state.
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Article V Article VI
The Teaching and the Teaching The Teacher and the Higher
Community Authorities in the Profession
(7 sec) (6 sec)
Emphasizes that the teacher It is the duty of every teacher
shall be imbued with the spirit to make an honest effort to
of professional loyalty, mutual understand and support the
confidence and faith in one policies of the school
another, self sacrifice for the administration.
common good, and full Refrain from transacting any
cooperation with colleagues business in illegal manner
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Article IX Article X
The Teacher and the Parents The Teacher and Business
(3 sec) (3 sec)
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It’s policy declared the promotion and improvement of the public school teachers:
Career prospects
1. The right against transfer from one station to another without the teachers’ consent (except
for cause) Section 6
2. The right for a married couple, both of whom are school teachers, to be employed in the same
locality whenever possible.
3. The right to enjoy academic freedom in the discharge of their professional duties, particularly
with regard to teaching and classroom method.
4. The right to additional compensation for services in excess of six hours of actual classroom
teaching, hardship allowance, and automatic retirement promotion in Section 16.
5. The right to enjoy free physical examination and free medical treatment or hospitalization.
6. The rights to a one year study leave with pay equivalent to 60% of their salary after seven
years of service. Section 24.
7. The right to enjoy one range salary raise upon retirement, which shall be the basis of the
retirement pay and the monthly benefits thereafter.
The Philippine Educational System did not happen overnight. It passed different process
of transformation and change.
It was anchored on documents such as:
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1. Provide for a broad general education for individuals in the peculiar ecology of his own
society
2. Train the nation’s manpower in the middle-level skills required for national development
3. Develop the profession that will provide leadership for advancement of knowledge
4. Respond effectively to changing needs and conditions of the nation through planning and
evaluation.
Section 5 of the Act states that the State shall aid and support the natural right and duties of
parents in rearing the youth through the educational system.
Rights of Schools
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3. R.A. # 7168
R.A. # 139 – provides the basics, for the selection and adoption of textbooks
Department Order No. 25 s. 1974 mandates the use of English and Filipino
separately as media and instruction (Bilingual Education).
MECS Order # 44, s. 1983 – “Revised Procedure for Determining Honor Pupils
in Elementary Grades – designating honor graduates as “First Honors and Second
Honors”.
R.A. # 6655 – Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 – provides for a
system of free public secondary education commencing in school year 1988-1989
DECS Order No. 1, s. 1994 – School Calendar – the elementary and secondary
school year shall consist of not less than forty-two (42) calendar weeks with a
minimum of two hundred (200) class days.
R.A. 5698 created the Legal Education Board to improve the quality of
education.
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R.A. 7687 established scholarship program for causes that will encourage the
youth to pursue careers in science and technology
R.A 7722 puts up the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to oversee
tertiary education.
R.A. 7743 called for the establishment of city and municipal libraries
R.A. 7784 created the Centers for Excellence in Teacher Education
R.A. 7796 created the Technical Education Skills Development Authority
(TESDA) which oversees voc-tech training.
R.A. 7791 stretched the school year from185 to 200 days
R.A # 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 approved on February 14,
1995.
E.O # 27 – an act which includes courses or subjects on human rights in the
curricula, in textbooks and other reading materials
E.O. # 189 – placed all public secondary school teachers under the administrative
supervision and control of DECS, approved on June 10, 1987.
P.D. # 1096 issued on September 22, 1976 required all teachers to pass the
Professional Board Examination for Teachers (PBET)
MEC Order #22 s. 1978 prescribed the use of Filipino in school, colleges and
universities in teaching Philippine History, Government and Constitution, Rizal’s
Life and Works, Sociology, Economics, Land Reform and Taxation, P.E., H.E.,
Nutrition, Practical Arts, General Psychology, Ethics and other appropriate
subjects
MECS Order # 57, s. 1981 provides for the protection of rights of all students in
all institutions of higher learning
DECS Order No. 30, s. 1993 – issued on May 20, 1993 provides for a National
Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) for all grade six pupils in public and
private schools.
DECS Order 381 s. 1994 issued on June 17, 1994 provided for a National
Secondary Assessment Test (NSAT) to all graduating high school students three
days after the administration of the NEAT.
R.A. 7836 mandated the holding of periodic Licensure Test for would be teachers
under the supervision of the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
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