CALCULOS ESTATICA

- DIMENSIONES DE LAS TEJAS

𝐶𝑎
cos𝜃 =
ℎ
4,5
ℎ= = 5,1916 𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑠 30°

- CALCULOS ALTURA PARALELAS DE LAS BARRAS DE LAS CERCHAS

ALTURA 1
𝐶𝑜
tan𝜃 =
𝐶𝑎
1,5 tan 30° = 𝐶𝑜
𝐶𝑜 = ℎ1 = 0,866𝑚

ALTURA 2
𝐶𝑜
tan𝜃 =
𝐶𝑎
3 tan 30° = 𝐶𝑜
𝐶𝑜 = ℎ2 = 1,7320𝑚

ALTURA 3
𝐶𝑜
tan𝜃 =
𝐶𝑎
4,5 tan 30° = 𝐶𝑜
𝐶𝑜 = ℎ3 = 2,598 𝑚

- PESO TOTAL DE LAS TEJAS

𝑊 = (54,48𝑘𝑔) ∗ 60𝑇𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑠
𝑊 = 3268,8𝑘𝑔

- CARGA QUE LE LLEGA A LA CERCHA

𝑊𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 = 𝑊𝑇𝐸𝐽𝐴𝑆 + 𝑊𝐶𝐸𝑅𝐶𝐻𝐴 + 𝑊𝑃𝐸𝑅𝑆𝑂𝑁𝐴𝑆

DATOS

𝜋
𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑠 = (𝐷 )2
4 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑠

𝑘𝑔⁄
𝜌𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 7860
𝑚3

𝜋
𝑉= (43𝑚)2 + (4,5 + 5,196 + 0,87 + 1,732 + 2,598 + 1,734 + 2,2912)𝑚 ∗ 2)
4
𝑊𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 = 0,05495 ∗ 7860 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑊𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 = 431,9445𝑘𝑔
- CALCULO DE NODOS

EQUILIBRIO ESTÁTICO

Calculo de reacciones
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐴𝑥 = 0 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 − (37,49,08)(7)𝑁 = 0
𝐴𝑦 = 13121,78 𝑁
∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0

[−(3749,08)(1,5) − (3749,08)(3) − (3749,08)(4,5) − (3749,08)(6) − (3749,08)(7,5) − (3749,08)(9) + 𝐵𝑦 (9)]𝑁. 𝑚 = 0

[(3749,08)(1,5) + (3749,08)(3) + (3749,08)(4,5) + (3749,08)(6) + (3749,08)(7,5)(3749,08)(9)]𝑁. 𝑚

𝐵𝑦 = = 13121,78𝑁
9𝑚

𝐴𝑦 = 13121,78 𝑁
𝐵𝑦 = 13121,78𝑁

NODO A

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑥 + 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑥 + 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 0

𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑥 = (−18745,4 𝑐𝑜𝑠30°) = 16233,9926𝑁

∑𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 + 13121,78𝑁 = 0

𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° + 13121,78𝑁 − 3749,08𝑁

−9372,7
𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 = = −18745,4 𝑁
𝑠𝑒𝑛30°
𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑥 = 16233,9926 𝑁 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 = −18745,4 𝑁 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

NODO C

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑥 + 𝐹𝐶𝐷𝑥 = 0

−(16233,926𝑁) + 𝐹𝐶𝐷𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝐶𝐷𝑥 = (−18745,4 𝑐𝑜𝑠30°) = 16233,9926𝑁

𝐹𝐶𝐵 = 0

𝐹𝐶𝐷𝑥 = 16233,9926𝑁 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

NODO B

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

−3749,08𝑁 − 𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑦 − 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 + 𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑦 = 0

−3749,08𝑁 − 𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° − 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° + 𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° = 0

−3749,08𝑁 − (−18742,4𝑁𝑠𝑒𝑛30°)𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° + 𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° = 0

5623,62 − 𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30 + 𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30 = 0

Ahora

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝐵𝐴𝑥 + 𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑥 + 𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑥 = 0

−(−18745,4𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠30°) + 𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° + 𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 0

16234,25 + 𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° + 𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 0

−16234,25 − 𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30°

𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑥 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
Volviendo a fuerzas en Y

1623,25 𝑠𝑒𝑛30°
5623,62 − 𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° + (− − 𝐹𝐵𝐷𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30 = 0
𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
−3749,23
𝐹𝐵𝐷 = = −3749,23𝑁
1
−16234,25 (−3746,23 𝑐𝑜𝑠30°)
𝐹𝐵𝐸 = − = −14996,72𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑠30° 𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
𝐹𝐵𝐷 = −3749,23𝑁 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝐹𝐵𝐸 = −14996,72𝑁 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

NODO E

∑𝐹𝑦 = 0

−𝐹𝐸𝐷𝑦 − 𝐹𝐸𝐵𝑦 − 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑦 + 𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑦 − 3749,08𝑁 = 0

−1874,615𝑁 − 𝐹𝐸𝐵𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° − 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛50° + 𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° − 3749,08𝑁 = 0

−1874,615𝑁 − (−14996,4672𝑠𝑒𝑛30°) − 3749,08𝑁 + 𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° − 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛50° = 0

−1874,615𝑁 + 𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° − 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛50° = 0

Ahora

∑𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑥 − 𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑥 + 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° − 𝐹𝐵𝐸𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° + 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠50° = 0

𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° − (−14496,4672𝑐𝑜𝑠30°) + 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠50° = 0

−12987,32 − 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠50° 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠50°

𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑥 = = −14996,46 −
𝑐𝑜𝑠30° 𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
Volviendo a fuerzas en Y

1874,5386 + 𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛30° − 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛50° = 0

𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛50° ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛30°

1874,5386 − 14996,46𝑠𝑒𝑛30° − − 𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛50° = 0
𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
5623,8414
𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑦 = = −4946,21055𝑁
−1,137
4619,2105𝑐𝑜𝑠50°
𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑦 − 14996,46 − (− ) = −11325,24𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
𝐹𝐸𝐹𝑦 = −4946,21055𝑁(𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝐹𝐸𝐺𝑦 = −11325,24𝑁(𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

NODO G

∑𝐹𝑥 = 0

−𝐹𝐺𝐸𝑥 + 𝐹𝐺𝐻𝑥 = 0

−𝐹𝐺𝐸𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° + 𝐹𝐺𝐻𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 0

−11325,54𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
𝐹𝐺𝐻𝑥 = = −11325,54𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
∑𝐹𝑦 = 0

−𝐹𝐺𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹𝐺𝐻𝑦 − 𝐹𝐺𝐹𝑦 − 3749,08𝑁 = 0

−(−11325,54𝑠𝑒𝑛30°) − 𝐹𝐺𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐹𝐺𝐹𝑦 = 11325,54𝑁 𝐹𝐺𝐹𝑦 = 7576,46𝑁

𝐹𝐺𝐻𝑥 = −11325,54𝑁 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝐹𝐺𝐹𝑦 = 11325,54𝑁 ( 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝐹𝐺𝐹𝑦 = 7576,46𝑁(𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

CÁLCULOS MECÁNICA DE SOLIDOS

CÁLCULOS ESFUERZOS ELEMENTOS

NUMERO ELEMENTO CARGA (N) FUERZA

1 AB -18745,4 Compresión
2 AC 16233,992 Tensión
3 BC 0 -
4 BD -3749,23 Compresión
5 BE -14996,467 Compresión
6 CD 16233,992 Tensión
7 DE 1874,615 Tensión
8 DF 12987,06 Tensión
9 EG -11325,24 Compresión
10 EF -4946,21 Compresión
11 GF 7576,76 Tensión

PROPIEDADES DEL MATERIAL

ACERO ESTRUCTURAL A36

𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 = 43𝑚𝑚 𝑜 43𝑥10−3 𝑚

 𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = (43𝑥10−3 𝑚)2 = 1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2
4
𝜎(𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 maxima) = 400𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑜 400𝑥106 𝑃𝑎

ESFUERZOS NORMALES DE LOS ELEMENTOS

18745,4𝑁
𝜎𝐴𝐵 = = 12908266,39𝑃𝑎 𝑜 12,90𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2
16233,992𝑁
𝜎𝐴𝐶 = = 11178895,47𝑃𝑎 𝑜 11,17𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2

𝜎𝐵𝐶 = 0

3749,23𝑁
𝜎𝐵𝐷 = = 2581758,711𝑃𝑎 𝑜 2,581𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2
14996,467𝑁
𝜎𝐵𝐸 = = 10326722,9𝑃𝑎 𝑜 10,32𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2
16233,992𝑁
𝜎𝐶𝐷 = = 11178895,47𝑃𝑎 𝑜 11,17𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2
1874,615𝑁
𝜎𝐷𝐸 = = 1288217,427𝑃𝑎 𝑜 1,28𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2
12987,06𝑁
𝜎𝐷𝐹 = = 8943024,377𝑃𝑎 𝑜 8,94𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2
11325,24𝑁
𝜎𝐸𝐺 = = 7798677,86𝑃𝑎 𝑜 7,79𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2
4946,21𝑁
𝜎𝐸𝐹 = = 3406011,569𝑃𝑎 𝑜 3,40𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2
7576,46𝑁
𝜎𝐺𝐹 = = 527224,706𝑃𝑎 𝑜 5,21𝑀𝑝𝑎
1,4522𝑥10−3 𝑚2

EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐴𝑥 = 0 − (13,1217𝐾𝑁)(4𝑚) + 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 = 0

−(13,1217𝐾𝑁)(4𝑚) + 𝐴𝑦 + 26,24𝐾𝑁 = 0

𝐴𝑦 = 26,24𝐾𝑁

∑𝑀𝐴 = 0

[ −(13,12178)(5) − (13,12178)(10) − (13,12178)(15) + 𝐵𝑦(15)]𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 = 0

393,653𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
𝐵𝑦 = = 26,24𝐾𝑁
15𝑚
𝐴𝑥 = 0

𝐴𝑦 = 26,24𝐾𝑁

𝐵𝑦 = 26,24𝐾𝑁
CORTES DE LA CERCHA

Tramo 1

0𝑚 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5𝑚

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

−(13,1217𝐾𝑁) − 𝑉1 + 26,24𝐾𝑁 = 0

𝑉1 = 13,12𝐾𝑁

𝑥 = 0 → 13,12𝐾𝑁

𝑥 = 5 → 13,12𝐾𝑁

∑𝑀 = 0

13,12𝐾𝑁(𝑥) − 26,24𝐾𝑁(𝑥) + 𝑀1 = 0

𝑀1 = −13,1217(𝑥) + 26,24𝐾𝑁(𝑥)

𝑥 = 0 → 0𝐾𝑁

𝑥 = 5 → 65,59𝐾𝑁

Tramo 2

5𝑚 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10𝑚

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

−(13,1217𝐾𝑁) + 26,24𝐾𝑁 − 13,1217𝐾𝑁 − 𝑉2 = 0

𝑉2 = 0𝐾𝑁

∑𝑀 = 0

𝑀2 + 13,12𝐾𝑁(𝑥) − 26,24𝐾𝑁(𝑥)+= 0

𝑀2 = 13,1183𝐾𝑁(𝑥) + 13,1217𝐾𝑁(𝑥 − 5) = 0

𝑥 = 5 → 65,59𝐾𝑁

𝑥 = 10 → 65,59𝐾𝑁

Tramo 3

0𝑚 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5𝑚

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

−(13,1217𝐾𝑁) + 26,24𝐾𝑁 + 𝑉3 = 0

𝑉3 = −13,12𝐾𝑁

∑𝑀 = 0

𝑀3 − 13,12𝐾𝑁(𝑥) + 26,24𝐾𝑁(𝑥)+= 0

𝑀3 = 13,12𝐾𝑁(𝑥) + 26,24𝐾𝑁(𝑥 − 5) = 0

𝑥 = 0 → 0𝐾𝑁

𝑥 = 5 → 65,59𝐾𝑁

PERFIL LAMINADO DE ACERO W

PERFIL META ANCHA

DESIGNACIÓN W920x446X209

DATOS

Momento máximo

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 (+) = 65,5𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑜 65,5𝑥103 𝑁. 𝑚

1𝑚
𝐼 = 8470𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 ( )4
1000𝑚𝑚
𝐼 = 8,47𝑥10−3 𝑚

ŷ = (423𝑚𝑚 ∗ 42,70𝑚𝑚)(21,35𝑚𝑚) + (423𝑚𝑚 ∗ 42,70𝑚𝑚)(911,65𝑚𝑚) + (847,6𝑚𝑚 ∗ 24𝑚𝑚)(466,5𝑚𝑚)

ŷ = 466,5𝑚𝑚 𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑅𝑂𝐼𝐷𝐸

FLEXIÓN ESFUERZO

𝑀𝐶
𝜎=
𝑇

TENSIÓN

(65,5𝑥103 𝑁. 𝑚)(466,5𝑥10−3 𝑚)
𝜎𝑇 =
8,47𝑥10−3 𝑚

𝜎𝑇 = 3579988,144 𝑃𝑎 𝑜 3,579𝑀𝑝𝑎

COMPRESIÓN

(65,5𝑥103 𝑁. 𝑚)(466,5𝑥10−3 𝑚)
𝜎𝐶 =
8,47𝑥10−3 𝑚

𝜎𝐶 = −3579988,144 𝑃𝑎 𝑜 − 3,579𝑀𝑝𝑎