ANA ACEVEDO MARISOL GOWERAddison Wesley Longman Limited Edinburgh Gate, Harlow Essex CM20 2/6. Eneland fad Arsociated Companies throughout the word. (© Addison Wesley Longman Limited 1996 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval sytem, ‘or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission ofthe Publishers First published 1996 Fifth impression 1998 Printed in Spain by Mateu Crome ISIN 0 582 079993 Acknowledgements We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material: Bayard Press for extracts translated from articles L’Homme Pourrait aller Sur Mars en 2030” and “Jai 14°ns et habe New York’ in OKAPI 15/11/93 and 22/10/94; Faber & Faber Ltd for an extract from the poem ‘My Brother Bert’ by Ted Hughes in Meet My Folks!; Penguin Books Ltd for an extract from the poem ‘Billy Dreamers Fantastic Friends’ by Brian Patten in Geargling with Jelly: A Collection of poems by Brian Patten, Robert Harding Syndication for an extract based on the artic *Star-erossed Lovers’ by Sarah Cunningham in Marie-Claire, April 1994; Newspaper Publishing ple for an adapted extract from the article ‘Biospherians leave their greenhouse toa fanfare’ by Phil Reeves in The Independent 17/9/93; Orbis Publishing Led (part of De Agostini) for an extract based on an article in The Unexplained Vol. 11, Issue 15, pp290-2; Quickritver Connections Ltd for an adapted extract from a Quicksilver brochure; Singer Media Corporation for an adapted extract from ‘The Case of the Ice-skating Incident’ from MORE SOLV-A-CRIME by AC. 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Ilustrated by Gary Benfield (Artist Partners) Jo Dennis, Diane Fawcett ( Artist Partners), Neil Gower, Biz Hull (Artist Partners), David Kearney (Artist Partners), I-11 Line Art, Barbara Lofthouse (Artist Partners), Stephen Player (Artist Partners), ‘Tony Richards, Liz Roberts, Keith Smith, Andy Walker (Artist Partners), Celia Witehard, Designed by Sue Dorrington Cover designed by Clare Sleven Printed and bound in Spain ‘The publishers’ policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests.ANA ACEVEDO MARISOL GOWER LONGMAN |Grammar Show business Present Simple and Present Continuous Degrees of obligation: rmustimstnt have toon have to, shouldsroutht Bumps, thumps and flashes Past Simple and Past Contrwous Adverbs and adverbial phrases eee Past Simple and Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Thrillers Past Simple and Past Perfect Animal helpers Reading [if Using background nowedge to aid understanding Making itto the top in popt ‘The making ofa TV pop programme 2g Predicting the contents ofa text rom & tie, subtides and istrations Bumps and thumps inte right ‘The Flood Episode | oe a a Sian Conic Do you enjoy eeing scared? “The Flood: Episode 2 Writing {fe Gathering eas and making notes fora composition Pep songs in Elon Filing inform ‘Selecting the most relevant ideas for a ‘composition and numbering them in Corder of importance ‘Comics good or ba? 2 Mobing sre that each sentence expresses coe man idea and has sujet. ave, an object and a ful step What an awful a Passive vice Phrasal verbs | 2 Wing topic sentences to ed ont what ach paragraph of tet about Or products re not tested on animals To the Capuchin monkey ‘fe Developing the topic sentence or istraing it with ational information Expanding atopic sentence 7 Taking bout the fiture: Present Continuous, wl going to Future causes with when Songs and singers Reported cornmand and requests Descriptive phrases ‘Communication Reported statements | and 2 Reading and rhyming. Reported questions | and 2 Great adventures Fasthabis stuatons and states Relative Causes wha that whose which whee {fp Scanning tents o entrar spect information 2030: Mars The Flood: Episode 3 IE Inducing an troduction, a development. anda cendison when writing Life on other planets 3 Sues the meaning of unfair words ‘rom the conte and by focusing on parts of speech (noun, adecive, verb) ‘The taking cure Questions Uieines The Rood Episode # {fp Scanning texts for numbers and cates An adventure story 2 Making a plan before ‘Aim or book reviewListening Speaking Pronunciation "Pop songs in diferent nguages Gat taking expresing opinions 2 Predicting words to help general Get taking ole pay + understanding (strange happenings in a country UFO sets hte By Dreamer’ fantasti ends a "Rhythm andsiress 3 Predicting the content of tak or story The Thing ‘cial communication I Get tang teling stores Siressing words to make speech sound mere interesting Shing word svess Comics 2 Word wats gad adjecies Horrostones and tiers ‘Word watch: definitions ‘Amal and human behaviour I Ustening 0 songs Pop quest! (Cat Stevens Father and son “My dad has won the lottery! 3& (string tothe begining ofa tak to prepare for what you are ‘ing to hear ‘Amy: an American student Get taking: complaining and making Shifting sentence stress es ying words 2 Getting preparing and ging Compound noun ress short tks fe Word wate words which function 3 mre than ne part of ech Everyday problems Word watch word families Reading for pleasure: books and poems fp veitecmaaicrs Family histories enGrammar Reading Writing [3 Serious ood aking comparisons 29 Dierentiting between facts and ‘Ase report Expressing quay very to, (nt) eneugh opinens intext Cola and Crunchies ‘The Flood: Episode 5. 14. Wish y00 wore hort Zero condtina [9 Guering the meaning of unfair words Weng a fist da ofa composition and Fabs pat from the root or base orm chooang the correct ees Hoy countdown Holiday tie The experince ofa etme [5 Maer fete hare Fest and Second Condon 2% Understanding complex serencs by ff Wht shor. iforal ters Third Condtional looking atthe core ofeach dase: (Subject + Verb() + Objector Complerent) letter othe uit Cub ‘The Juliet advice line Romeo and Juliet Give mea clue Mods of deduction and speciation: must (have) coi (ave), coud (hae), ay (ave), HE ldetiving examples to help understand specie ports better ‘may nt (hove, miht (ave). mgt not (hare) The wrtng detectives Moon sonata, 17 Beers ieor not Gerunds (ig forms) “The moon and us Initves The Foot: Episode 6 Pensioner locked up i football dispute ‘Are you streetwise! The Root Episode 7 9 lering and understanding nkers to hep understand the elaonhp between the ideasina text Sal aay withthe Seven Seas | if Looking fo explanations of new words in tens Beauty isin the eye ofthe beholder ‘The Food Episode 8 {Eig teal vein of writen work for gammatialspeling and punctnon sistas foal tert the Sven Seas ee eae ee Future abies ibe ae 2% Ketting and understannginkers of Eig werk for content. comet teres Fete Fret case and fect, and inks nec it axobigsohy Hiinteret user ofthe pst 23 Tresvortine body = Revison of mods “he waning le hand 2 Lesring fom corectons Sports facts Ded you know ..? ‘A school report ‘Additional material page 102 Grammar reference page 107Listening Speaking Vocabulary ‘Asstreet survey Stress to express attitude I Word watch sing word agra to remember and revise new words Food iE dortifing sessed words Getta ging advices Holiays Aratio competition Loe stories Es Getting problem sohrg by Word wate adjectives to describe raking Sections, personaty Grapholopy E Lsteringforpraphrases Get aking taking about Intonation to expres interest or aft Word watch: erent meanings persons Superstitions lak ofinterest forthe same part of speech Sipesions HE Predcing what comes next Getting agreing and dsgrsing Stes on phrasal verbs Arguments by ening the use of bers of addton and contrat Three conversations ‘Life at an Edison school 2 Word wath aviing ‘ repetition by sing varity of words forthe same thing Screo! tern with femal focbaler Ging eplaatons to make a {The schwa sound weak Physical appearance 2 . point more dea formstrstresed syables IE Poison ccwing sits Gat ang Be veon 010 ye technology od words with The Roboteacher # ew means New tecnoogy “The modal game Sport and heath :Show business 1 Would you like a career in show business? Do the quiz to find out how good your chances are. ee ee ee ed SHOW BUSINESS OI tk ‘Have you got what it takes? 1 To become famous you need to: «} be lucky b) be talented ‘work hard 2 To become a pop star you need to: ‘) look good 6) sound good <] sing in English 3 Pop stars are in show business for: ‘the money b) pleasure the fame ‘4 Fans are: by the window/at my desk Lucr WILSON picked up her pen and put it down again. | can't do this stupid homework, she thought. Its so boring She turned on her radio. The news was just finishing "And now for the weather forecast} the man announced. ‘Heavy rain will continue all through the night? Lucy looked out of the window. It ‘was raining. It had been pouring for at least ten days. Beyond the road in front of the house was the river. The water had risen in the past hour. ft was nearly at the top of the bank, which was higher than the house. Vil get myself a cup of coffee, thought Lucy. It might help me work. She went downstairs. In the sitting room, her little sister, Annie, was watching TV and her mother was ‘working on her computer “The forecast’s bad again, Mum, sald Luey. ‘Don't talk to me just now! sald Mrs Wilson. ‘ve got to finish doing tis, budget. There’s a very important customer who . . . now, let me see. In the current account there's...” 13 You saw a UFO last night and you go to make an official report. Complete the form. Report on UFO sighting Nam@ ‘Occupation: Date of birth: ‘Telephone: 1 Date of observation .. 2 Time and place of observation ... 3 How long did you see the object for? . 4 Did the objects): (Please tick) a) appear to stand stil at any time? b) suddenly disappear? ©) give off smoke? and of what you saw. 6 Did anybody else see the object? Date: sie SIQMARUE sre The Flood , “TH get you some coe said Lucy. © Poor Mum, she thought. She works terribly hard. Her mother’s business was dificult to keep going but it was doing well a that moment. Since Mr Wilson had lost ‘© his building company last year, Mrs Wilson had had to earn all the familys income. Lucy went into the kitchen and put the water on to boi. 40) Suddenly, the door opened and her father ran in “Quick!” he shouted. ‘Pack some clothes! We've got to leave now! Right now!” % 6 “What! Why? said Lucy. “The river's burst its banks} said Mr Wilson. ‘The police are evacuating ‘everyone. They're taking us © up the hill to the school, Investigating Committee on Aerial Phenomena Investigating Committee on Aerial Phenomena _ Address: fe ROUFS oe MIA. SECS. «change colour? ) change shape? ) drop anything? 5 Draw a sketch of what you saw. Give full details of what happened We've got to be out of the house inten minutes!” How long hos it ben raining? Ist going to canyon raining? Why does Mrs Wilson have to work so hand? Why do the Wilsons have to leave their hme so sudden? Where do they have to go? The pole have given the Wisons ony ten minutes to pack up and leave home. Da you think they wil do it in time? Why? Why not?I Match the comics and the names. Garfield Popeye Batman ‘Are comics popular in your country? Which are the most Popular? Comics At sixty-five Hevelise, a quiet retire doctor, is probably the ‘most popular ‘kid’ on her block. ‘The reason? Her collection of 5 comics. I started collecting them ‘when I was about seven, over ! she says. ‘I've languages. The last time I 0. counted them there were 7,234. ‘That was a year ago, so I'm not sure how many I've got now! ‘Some of the most famous ‘comics come from the United States. One of the most popular characters of all times is Superman. He has X-ray vision, he can fly, he’s enormously strong, and nothing can hurt him ~ except Kryptonite. ‘He's always been my favourite, says Hevelise. ‘And now he's like an old friend. He hasn't changed very much in all that time, unlike me!" Reading Comic books have been around for more than a century. At first, they had few pictures and most of the story was told in words. “Comics have had lots of pictures, since the end of the nineteenth century’ explains Hevelise, ‘when printing methods improved. This made it easier to print pictures? Comic books also became ‘much more popular at this time because the cinema began then, and people liked stories told through pictures. Besides, more people could read by then, and the comics were so cheap that almost anyone could afford to buy them. Comics are popular all over the world. Readers of all ages enjoy them for many reasons, ‘but mainly because they are fun and the pictures make them easy to read. When you read a text in English, read it very quickly the first time to ‘get the general idea: run your eyes quickly down the text and pick out words which tell you about the content. This is called sl ming, about the content. remember. 2. Skim the text above very quickly once. Look for words that tell you Close your book and, in pairs, write a list of the words you EXAMPLE: doctor, Superman, .. Read the text again to check your answers. 3 Choose the best title for the text: a) Isita bird? Is ita plane? Ie’s Superman! b) Masters of the (Reading) Universe ©) Amazing Collectors dd Comics: the story. 144 Reread the text and answer these questions. Name four facts about Superman. Find two sentences that show that Flevelise likes Superman a lot. Name two facts about the first comic books. ‘Name the reason why comics started to have lots of pictures. ‘Name two reasons why comics became more popular at the end of the nineteenth century. Sues _ Grammar Past Simple and Present Perfect Past Simple Teollected comics when Iwas about seven. over fifty years ago. collected? at a definite time in the past. That action is complete. Present Perfect Comics have had lots of pictures since the end of the 1890s. for very many years. They first bad lots of pictures in the past and they still bave them now, Remember: For twertens X since I was at school. 7 for 4092 x since 1991. 4 read comics sinew eight rene X for eight years. / 5 Fillin the gaps with the Present Perfect or Past Simple of the verbs in brackets. 1 Innineteenth-century England, people read (read) books called Penny Dreadfals. 2 1 (read) comics when I was younger. 3. People around the world (read) comics for over 100 years. 4 When I was little, I thought Superman really (exist). 5 Batman (be) my favourite comic character since I ten. Heergé first published Tintin in 1929. My grandfather (enjoy) this comic since then. (be) ° 6 Rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same as the first one. In each case, use the words in brackets. 1. The last time I bought a comic I was in junior school I (not buy, since) 2. My brother hasn’t washed since last Sunday. That was seven days ago! ‘My brother __— (not wash, for) 3. My favourite comic is Archie. I have read it for years. I (start, ago) 4 Dve read Asterix since I was 11. T____ (start, when) ‘The first time I read Batman was in 1986. I still read it every week. I (read, since)Pronunciation 7 Fill in the blanks in the poem with these words. Use each one ‘once only. Billy Dreamer’s Fantastic Friends by Brian Patten ‘The Incredible Hulk came to tea, Robin was with __t00, Batman stayed at home that night 4 Because bat had flu ‘They signed my autograph book, But I dropped in the fie. Now whenever I tell friends say P'ma terrible liar, But incredible people do call round. (Specially when I'm alone). And if they don’t, and get bored, 12 Teall them on the phone. & Listen to the poem and check your answers. 8 & Listen again. Pay attention to the tapping and mark the rhythm or main stress. Read the poem aloud. 16 him they his my ‘Once you have written notes for your composition; * Select the ideas that seem the most relevant. * Number these in order of importance. Make sure you don’t leave out ‘anything important. 10 Fotiow these steps to start planning a composition. a) Tick the ideas you agree with. Comics: make people laugh Take up too much time People collect them Only young kids should read them Had few pictures until end 19th century Silly but fon Comics more fun than books Reading comics: OK for people of all ages Can enjoy comics and good books Reading comics: bad for mind b) Put the ideas in a) into two columns. Be careful! Some of the ideas are irrelevant and don’t belong to either column, Add more ideas to the lists. Remember to write in note form, Comite are bad beaause: [Sao ae ©) Which of the ideas are most important for you? Tick the ones you would use for a composition called: ‘Comics: good or bad?’ Make sure you include good and bad points. d) Number the ideas you ticked in order of importance, LT Read the page from the comic on the next page and copy the shapes or styles used in comics for: someone thinking someone speaking someone shouting ‘sound effects’ (Can you guess what they mean?) setting the scene wees 12 Answer these questions. 1 What does Captain Comic represent? 2 Why does Intello want to kill him? 3. Whois Totem? 13 Who do you want to win? Intello? Turn to page 102. Captain Comic? Turn to page 104.AT LASTI CAPTAIN COMIC, THE ERO OF ALL COMIC READERS, is ‘ING TO FALL INTO MY HANDS. FOR YEARS I°VE BEEN WAITING FOR THIS MOMENT! AT LAST, IT HAS ARRIVEDI FOR YEARS I'VE BEEN WANTING TO DESTROY YOU} LIKE YOU'VE DESTROYED THE MINDS OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH YOUR STUPID STORIES. PREPARE TO DIE, CAPTAIN COMIGI COME ON TOTEM! I'VE BEEN WAITING FOR AGES! YOU SAID YOU'D FOUND INTELLO’S LAB. YOU OAN pesTROY ‘ME BUT YOU CAN'T DESTROY PEOPLE'S RIOHT TO ENJOY COMICS. PEOPLE ALL AROUND THE WORLD HAVE BEEN READING GOMIOS FOR YEARS AND THEY ALWAYS WILL. Es y IT ISW*T YOUR NUMBER ONE FAN. YOU'RE JUST IN TIME TO SAY GOODBYE TO YOUR FRIEND, MY DEAR HMMM! WE'VE GOT COMPANY. I'VE BEEN EXPECTING YOU TOO, 14 Rewrite the sentences using the Present Perfect Continuous and the words in brackets. EXAMPLE: Robin has been working ith Batman since they first met. 1 Robin started working with Batman when they first met. ‘They're still working together. (work) 2A few years ago, collectors started paying lots of money for old comics. This is still the case. (pay) Batman started trying to catch the Joker a long time ago. At last he has caught him! (try to catch) 4 Superman came to live on Earth when he was a baby. He’ stil living there. (live) juperman started to fight evil many years ago. He’ still doing it. (fight) 6 Supergic! first starred in the comic many years ago. She's still starring in it today. (star) Grammar Present Perfect Continuous. 1 Captain Comic started waiting for Tatem a long time ago. He's still ‘waiting now. —> Come on Totem! I've been waiting for ages. he started to wait waiting still waiting eS ee ee a long time ago Now 2 Intello started waiting for this moment years ago. The moment arrived very recently. So be stopped waiting for it very recently. —+ For years I've been waiting for this moment. At last it has arrived! waiting stopped waiting > ee Now started waiting eee years ago 15 Write a list of things you know your partner does and ask hhimyher how long helshe has been doing them. EXAMPLE: learn English, play the flute SILVIA: How lang have you been learning English? AMELIA: For four years/since Iras ten. 17DO YOU ENJOY FEELING SCARED? Read the story carefully. Then ‘choose the explanation you like best. You will find out whether you enjoy feeling scared, are crazy about 5 mystery, or whether you are a logical person. I Do you enjoy feeling scared? Do the quiz and find out. 2 Read the text again and number ‘the events in the correct order. 2) Robbie played football. b) He helped in the garden. ©) Robbie sat at the table for dinner. d) He had lessons. ¢) They finished dinner in silence. 1) The wind blew Robbie's window open. g) Robbie went upstairs. h) Uncle Mark described Arthur's symptoms. Thrillers 0 By rie rime Robbie got back to his mcle’s, everyone else had already sat down to dinner. Robbie took his plac atthe long table in the dark old dining room. He really didn’ ike staying at his uncle's house; he found ita bit frightening, and the consiant rain ‘and wind added tothe chiting atmosphere It had been another long, boring day. He had spent the ‘morning in lessons, then he had helped Aunt Margaret in the garden before he met the new {friends he had made. The best part of the day had been the football ‘match with his friends. His cousin Helen, who sat opposite him at the table was, as usual, ignoring him. ‘Have you heard?.’ asked Uncle ‘Mark, ‘There's been another victim of the “Thing”, as everyone's starting to cal it." “Oh, no! The sixth one already!” said Aunt Margaret. ‘Who was it this time? Another child?" “arthur Grimsby,’ replied Helen excitedly. ‘Apparently when they found him in his bed this ‘morning, the Thing had struck. He ‘was as white as a sheet and was staring into the distance, looking terrified.” ‘Poor Arthur! exclaimed Aunt ‘Margaret. "Are they sure it's the Thing?" “Well, his symptoms are exactly the same as the others: he can't speak, he’s stiff as a board and he's got those strange marks on his neck and tongue. There’s no doubt it's the Thing, whatever that is!” said Uncle Mark. ‘Selina says he looked as if he'd seen something really horrifying. Perhaps he had, ‘added Helen. They finished their ‘meal in silence After they had eaten, Robbie went slowly upstairs to his room He was still thinking about the conversation at dinner and now he was really frightened. He must forget about the Thing or he ‘wouldn't slep. He shut his eyes tightly and thought of home. As he was falling asleep, the wind blew his window open and a hair raising, blood-curdling scream filled his head. What has happened? Choose the explanation you like best: 1 The Thing has attacked Helen. Itis a ghost or a vampire 2 Robbie was so scared that he started to imagine things. The scream Robbie heard was his own, 3 Robbie probably fell asleep and was having a nightmare. What your answer says about you 1 You love mystery. You believe there are things which don't have a logical explanation and accept that some things are beyond our comprehension. 2 You love feeling scared. You like to imagine the worst and you think feeling scared is exciting. You probably enjoy horror films and dangerous rides at funtairs. 3 You have your feet on the ground. For you, every problem has a logical solution and you don’t believe in the supernatural. You are a logical person and are not easily seared.d 3 Which of these things scare you? thrillers strangers the dark dangerous fair rides spiders being alone your friend when he/she is angry 4 Match the pictures above with the feelings described below. When people are frightened they can have lots of unpleasant feelings: 1 their heart beats faster 2 they feel cold 3. their hair stands on end their hands shake they feel as if their blood has curdled or stopped running. we ‘Which of these things happen to you when you see or experience the things in Exercise 32 Word watch ‘sh We can often add things to the beginning or the end of words to change their meaning or ‘grammatical function: excite (verb), excitement (noun), excitedly (adverb). The endings ‘ing’ and ‘ed’ are often used to ‘make certain verbs into adjectives. eg. Eleni is bored because the film is boring. —m The film bores Eleni 5 Match the columns. 1 something which makes your blood curdle is something which horrifies you is something which frightens you is something which terrifies you is then something horrifies you you are when something terrifies you you are when something frightens you you are a) terrified b) blood-curdling ©) horrified d) frightening e) frightened ) terrifying 8) horrifying MAURO 6 Tell your partner about a horror film or story or an experience that you had. Use the feelings in Exercise 4 and the adjectives in Exercise 5 . EXAMPLE: Dracula was a frightening film. When Icatched it my bands shook and I felt cold, Grammar Past Simple and Past Perfect First the Thing struck. Then they found Arthur. ‘The Thing had struck when they found Arthur. | by the time | Y Now iiss Swat leks sees aay = {peer ee When they found Arthur, the Thing had struck, By the time Look! He shut the curtains before he went to bed. For empbasis: He had shut the curtains before he went to bed. He went to bed after he shut the curtains, For empbasis: He went to bed after he had shut the curtains. 7 Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the first one. EXAMPLE: By the time I bad breakfast, I'd had a shower and walked the dog. 1 This morning I had a shower and walked the dog before breakfast. By the time Thad... 2 Tony learnt to talk before he learnt to walk. When Tony started walking 3 Last night I watched my favourite TV programme and then I did my homework. I did my homework 4 Denise read Dracula. Much later she saw the film. By the time Denise saw... 5 We arrived at the cinema at 6.15 but the film started at 6.00. When we... 6 I didn't see my sister last night. She went to bed before I got home. Tarrived after...8 Write four true sentences about Robbie. Use pairs of events from Exercise 2 such as | and 2, 2 and 3 and 3 and 4. EXAMPLE: 1 By the time Robbie played football, be bad helped in the garden, (Events 3 and 2) Writing ‘When you put your notes into sentences, make sure each sentence: + expresses one main idea. * has a subject, a verb in the appropriate tense (and if necessary an object or complement). + ends in a full stop. last Monday - awful day - mlseed bus -> got to schoo! late = mathe exam -> did badly (not studied much) - waiting for bus -> realised loet money - walked homel - parents went to cinema without me - put dinner In oven -> watched TV ~> fell asleep “1 hr later: terrible emell and emoke in etaire Last Monday wae a really awful day. | got to schoo! late because | had missed the bus. Then | had a Maths teot and did badly because | hadn't studied for it. Things went from bad to woree: while | was waiting for the bus home | realised | had lost my money 60 | had to walk home. | really wanted to go to the cinema with my parents that evening but by the time | got home they had already gone out. | put my dinner in the oven, went to watch TV and fell aeleep. When | woke up at hour later, there was a terrible ‘emell and smoke was coming up the etaire: | had forgotten to take my dinner out of the over! , a Portuguese student of English, was asked to write a ‘composition called ‘What an awful day!’. Compare his notes with the sentences he wrote: ‘a) Which words did he add to make sentences from his notes? b) Which tenses did he use? Why did he use them? 10 Write your own notes for a composition called ‘What an awful day!’ Put them in the order they happened. Make your notes into sentences. ‘Show your partner what you have written. Who had the worst day? 20 Listening When you listen to a story or ‘talkin English, try to predict the content from what you already know. Don't try to understand every word, just focus on the ideas that are expressed. If you do, you will find it easier to understand, II Tick the alternative which best ‘sums up the last episode of The Thing. 1 Robbie doesn’t like staying with uncle. The conversation at dinner bores him, his aunt is unpleasant and his cousin frightens him. He then has a frightening experience. 2 Robbie doesn’t like staying with his uncle. He finds the house frightening and his cousin unpleasant. At dinner, his relatives talk about strange happenings. The conversation upsets Robbie and then he has a frightening experience. Add more details to the summary. 12 You're going to listen to the next episode of The Thing. What will probably happen now? Make a list of probable events. = Listen to the next episode of the story and check your list. Are the events similar? 13 = Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Who screamed? Why? 2. How did Helen's window break? 3. What caused the victims’ strange condition? 4 Do you think Helen and Robbie still dislike each other? Give reasons for your answer. 5 Do you think Robbie really knew there was a logical explanation for the Thing?14 @ Listen to part of the story again. a) What expressions do Helen and Robbie use to let Aunt Margaret know they are having problems understanding? ) What other expressions can you use to let people know you don’t (quite) understand what they are saying? Pronunciation 15 = Listen to these sentences from the radio programme read in ‘wo different ways. Which version sounds more interesting? 1 Ashe was falling asleep, a fierce gust of wind blew his window open and a blood-curdling scream filled his head. 2 Robbie ran down the stairs, his heart beating fast. The river has burst ts banks and people ‘are having to leave their homes quickly Wil te Keljs have to leave home too? ‘Tom Kau was out on the river in his 5 boat. It was only a little rowing boat, but there was nothing in the world he loved more. It was raining, but Tom hardly noticed it. He didnt mind getting _ wet when he was out in his boat. 10 ‘Hey!’ a man called from the path. "You'd better watch out. Several trees have been blown down higher up the rivér and theyre floating this way. Your boat could get smashed to pieces! 15 "Thanks for the warning’ shouted Tom, “TM bring her in now! He began to row towards the bank. The river was running so 16 = Listen to the sentences read in an interesting way again. Underline the stressed words and mark the pauses between the words, like this, /. Practise reading the sentences to your partner in the same way. Get talking When you tell a story in English: think of the order of the events first. Use words like before, after, first and then. Remember that you can also use different tenses (Past Simple, Past Continuous and Post Perfect) to order events in a story Pay attention to your intonation: stress and pauses help make the story sound more interesting. 17 You are going to put a story together in pairs. Student A. turn to page 102 and follow the instructions there. Student B turn to page 104 and follow the instructions there. Tell another pair your story. Is theirs the same? Mrs Wilson if she can let us have The Flood **™e secu sion vase ‘ know the Wilsons well. He had seen Si FpisopE 2 Lucy sometimes. He liked her. He liked her alot. But he hadnt spoken to her 20 fast that it was dificult to control the “9 He had always been too shy. ours ‘iF you wane any supper." Mrs He ted the bost up and ran down Kelly began. the bank toward his house. Suedeny the telephone rang. Mrs "You haven't been out on the rive, Kelly answered it. She listened for afew © have you" sid Hrs Kel. ‘Oh, Tom | © MAES then she wen pale, hate it when you go out in weather ke "That was Mr Wilson, she sai, this. It's awfully dangerous. You could “We've got to leave home at once. easly be Sone Theyre evacuating the whole street. ‘Sorry, Mum! said Tom, ‘What's The river banks have burst. There's tx cacat 50. going to bea flood!” “T wanted to make pancakes! said Mrs Kelly, "but | haven't got any milk Could you go next door, Tom, and ask | Why was it dangerous for Tom tobe out on the river in his boat? 2 Does Tom worry about the rin when he is ‘on the river? Why? Why not? 3 Why didn't Tom want to go next door to the Wikons? 4 Why did Mr Wilson telephone Mrs Kely? 5 What do you think will happen to the Kell’ house once Tom and his mother have lft? 21Animal helpers Our products are not tested on animals This rabbit was put in a harness in order to stop it from moving. Then aa substance was dripped slowly into its eyes. The damage was measured over a period of several days. Why? A new cosmetic is being tested, 5 Cosmetics manufacturers must make sure that their products are safe and won't cause eye or skin irritations. So, before a new cosmetic is sold, its carefully tested, often on animals. In the skin itritancy test, the backs of rabbits or guinea pigs are shaved. The substance is then applied to the skin, Finally the damage to the skin is recorded. 40. The use of animals in research is not new and it has made important contributions to the development of science: + Psychologists have learnt a lot about human behaviour from the «observation of rats and dogs in laboratory conditions. + Research with dolphins has taught us about different aspects of 415. communication + New medicines are tested on guinea pigs. However, many people believe that animals shouldn't suffer for our vanity at the hands of the cosmetics industry. Cosmetics companies are being pressed by animal rights organisations to stop animal 20 testing, Protesters are signing petitions, organising demonstrations and buying only cosmetics that are not tested on animals. The pressure is having an effect. Scientists are developing a number of cruelty-free alternative tests. New eye irrtancy tests are being done con a laboratory dish rather than on anyone's eyes, and they are more 2% accurate than the old ones. if research continues, animal testing for cosmetics will be a thing of the past. 22 | in pairs, look at the photograph and the title of the text. What do you think has happened to the rabbit? What do you think the text is about? Read the text and check your answers. Reading Each paragroph in a text ‘develops a specific aspect of the topic. Topic sentences tell you what each paragraph is about. They usually come at the beginning or end of each paragraph. Identiffing topic sentences makes the understanding of a text easier. 2. Read the text again. Which paragraph is about: 1 what cosmetics manufacturers have to do before they can sell a product? 2 what researchers are doing to improve things? 3. other uses of animals in research? 4. a description of an irritancy test? 5. the beliefs and actions of animal lovers? 3 Read the text again. Answer the 1 What do cosmetics companies do before they market a new product? 2. Why are cosmetics applied to the backs of guinea pigs? 3. Whatis being done to try to stop animal testing? 4 Is the new irritancy test cruel? Why/why not? 5 How has animal testing helped science in the past?Grammar Passive voice Use when: 1 The agent is not known and/or the action is more important than the agent. : s v ° Present Simple Someone records the damage. ‘The damage is recorded. s ‘be’ Present Simple) + V (past participle) s v ° Past Simple A researcher measured the damage over a period of several days. ‘The damage was measured over a period of several days. s “be? Past Simple) + V (past participle) 2 The agent is the new, important information. In English, new information often comes at or towards the end of the sentence. Active: Passive: s v ° Present Continuous ‘Active: Animal rights organisations are pressing cosmetics companies... Passive: Cosmetics companies are being pressed by animal rights organisations... s ‘be’ (Present Continuous) + V (past participle) + ‘by’ 4 Write down the subjects and the objects in these sentences. ‘We didn’t test these products on animals, First, someone took the animals to the laboratory. ‘Then they put a substance in their eyes. Later, specialist technicians record the damage to the eyes. Animal rights groups around the world are organising campaigns against animal testing. More and more companies are using new irritancy tests. 7 Researchers in the U.S.A. are developing new and better methods for testing cosmetics. 8 They are also developing new and better methods for testing products. Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice. Include the agent only where necessary. Word watch 5 Which of the animals in the text do these definitions refer to? EXAMPLE: I rabbit 1 n.a small long-eared animal often kept as a pe 2 na long-tailed animal related to but larger than the mouse. These animals are generally disliked as they are thought to be dirty, 3 na small furry animal rather like a rat but with no tail. It is often kept by children as a pet and is sometimes used in scientific tests. 4 na sea-animal two to three ‘metres long which swims over and under the surface of the water in curves. These animals are known to be very clever. 5 n. a common fourlegged, ‘meat-eating animal. This animal is very popular as a pet and is sometimes referred to as ‘man’s best friend’. 6 Write a definition for ‘cat’. Use the definitions in Exercise 5 to help you. Compare your definition to one in a ictionary. Have you left out anything important? 23Pronunciation 7 When you add something to the end of a verb to. male it into a noun, the stress of the word sometimes changes. a) Look at the text on page 22 again and find nouns made by adding something to the ends of these* verbs demonstrate (verb) demonstration (noun) observe communicate contribute organise irritate b) In pairs, mark the stress in each pair of words. EXAMPLE: dlemon'stration ©) © Listen to the words on the cassette and check your answers. Where does the stress go in words ending in ‘-tion’? 4) Practice reading the pairs of words. Listening 8 Look at the pictures. What do you the animals are saying? Match the pictures and the sentences. Ti you. ‘Tm like you’ ‘Let's get together.” 1 Japanese red-crowned cranes 2 Chimpanzees : ‘| ec<] 3 Black widow % spiders = Listen and check your answers. 24 9 = How do humans give the same messages? Listen again and complete the chart with your partner. Message Humans ‘Tlike you.’ use language and hug "Pm like you.’ behave in similar ways e.g. ‘Let's get together.” give chocolates Writing ‘When you write a paragraph, make sure that all the sentences in it develop the topic sentence or illustrate it with additional information. 10 Write a paragraph for this topic sentence. Use the information in Exercise 9 and your own ideas to illustrate the topic sentence. Apart from language, humans communicate their feelings in many other ways. Reading 1 in pairs. Look at the photo of the monkey. What sort of thing do you think he does every day? Read the text and check your answers. 12 Read the text again and complete the chart. Name: Kind of animal Place of origin: | Length of training: .. | Duties:Grammar Phrasal verb = verb + particle() Tito turns on the stereo. The particle(s) changes or extends the meaning of the verb on its own. The only way to learn phrasal verbs is to memorise them and their meaning. 13 complete thi list of phrasal verbs from the text. get (2) give turn (x3) work Find at least three more phrasal verbs in the text. Tite comes from South Ameria and is very lever. Every morning he gets up and patiently waits for Martha’s orders. What's so clever about that? Tito is a monkey. Martha, his owner, is quadriplegic. She was in an accident and now can only move her head. Tito feeds Martha: he picks up her food with a spoon and puts it in her mouth. If she wants to listen to some music, Tito turns on the stereo, picks out a CD and puts it on. He can even turn the volume up or down! Capuchin monkeys are trained for jobs like this one because they are small and agile. It takes them four years to learn their job, but they are patient and don’t give up easily. And they ean live for up to twenty years. 1 was a bit worried at first, but everything has worked out fine; says Martha. ‘We get on well. Tito is more like a person than a monkey. I simply 14 itito was yours, which of the jobs he does for Martha would(n’t) you like him to do for you? Write sentences. EXAMPLE: I'd like bine to turn on the stereo T wouldn’s like hina to pick out my music, 15 what other jobs would you like him to do? Tell your partner. EXAMPLE: I'd like bine to pick up mry clothes 16 Answer the questions. 1 What everyday object couldn't you do without? 2 What time do you usually turn on the TV or the radio? 3. Who do you get on better with, your parents or your friends? 4 What possession do you look after most carefully? 5 Name a pla you had which didn’t work out well. Ask other students these questions and find somebody who has at least three answers like yours. 25Revision the text. What's it about? «the South Pacific. She and her family are spending some time in Britain. Her father 1 Look at the pictures and skim K: is from New Zealand, in 2. match the words and the «5 is working for a computer s lictionary entries. ‘company there. Kir is very proud of her origins. She and her family are origin Anhacbitont/ m a person ‘Maori. The Maori, the frst who lives in a 40 inhabitants of New Zealand, are 40 particular place ‘a Polynesian people. Maori stone ——/traib/ ma group of legend says that they came to ‘New Zealand from ‘Hawaiki’, an island 3,000 kilometres to the north, in what is now Western Samoa. When the Maori arrived in New Zealand a thousand years ago, there were no other people of the same race and language under the leadership of a chief 6 injustice /tw:l/» any instrument for doing special jobs inhabitant /nidoustis an unfair people living there. They found act 29 two beautiful islands, a volcanic tribe foridasn/ m the ‘one to the North and one covered in forest to the South. beginning or cause of eae "There were no horses, something ‘ttle, sheep or goats, so th establish fstaun! m a small piece Seiaesea Pees of rock 25 explains Kiri. The Maori, or ‘Moa tool ——_fistebli/ v to set up or Hunters’, hunted and killed two begin something birds which can’t fly: the very small kiwi, and the Moa ~ a big costrich-like bird, They had ‘brought dogs and some tropical 26 plants like the sweet potato and taro, a delicious root,’ Kiri says. “Some of the plants survived the cold, and so did the dogs!” she adds. By the beginning of the fifteenth century, the Maori population had grown much bigger. They lived in tribes in villages, and sometimes fought ‘amongst themselves for food and land. By the time Captain Cook, the English explorer, arrived in New Zealand in 1769, the Maori had established their ‘own culture and were living in many parts of the island, Guns, metal tools (Maori tools were made of stone) and Christianity were all introduced by the Europeans who followed ‘Cook. During the Land Wars of the 1860s alot of British soldiers were sent to New Zealand. AS a result, many Maor tribes lost their best lands or were forced to sell them. At that time, there were more Europeans than Maor' in New Zealand, The Maori population is now growing faster than the European population, and efforts are being made to correct some of the injustices of the past. ‘Some time ago Maori people started to move into the cities and are now being treated better. We have the same housing, education and careers as other New Zealanders. We speak English but the Maori language is taught in schools, so you can learn iti you want to. ‘ve been living in Britain for six months now. I've met lots of nice people and I'm having a good time,’ says Kir. "But I miss New Zealand, especially the weather, and sailing and fishing 1 also miss the clean air. There's no pollution in New Zealand.’3 Read the text again. Number the events in the correct chronological order. — The Maori sail from Hawa The Maori lose some of their best land. — Captain Cook arrives in New Zealand. — The Maori hunt with stone instruments. Many Maori move to the cities. : — The Maori arrive in New Zealand —— Many British soldiers arrive on the island. 4 Filtin the blanks to make true sentences. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous of the verbs in brackets. a) When the Europeans arrived (arrive), the Maori bad established (establish) their own culture. b) When the Europeans (arrive), the Maori _— (live) all over the island. ©) The Maori (live) in New Zealand for a thousand years. 4) Before the Maori (arrive), there —__ (be) no other people there €) Schools —— (teach) the Maori language for some time now. 1) When Captain Cook Zealand, the Maori (arrive) in New (not have) metal tools. 5 Kiri is living in Manchester at the moment but she usually lives in Manukau, a small city on the coast of New Zealand's North Island. a) Imagine the differences between Kiri life in Britain and New Zealand, Make notes on the different topics. Manukau Mancheder Weather y, warm cold, wel oe indoor yorty Sporty ailing, fishing Food Tangort Paple b) Write sentences about Kiri life. Use your notes from a). EXAMPLE: Kiri probably spends a lot of time outdoors in Manukau. She's probably spending a lot of time indoors in Britain. 6 You're going to listen to Kiri and her English friend ‘Adam at a rugby game. They're going to see the All Blacks, the New Zealand rugby team, play England. a) Which words will you probably hear? fan rugby boring win beat pick up dance ball war enemy Can you think of other words you will probably hear? b) © Listen and check your answers. ©) Listen again. Answer the questions. 1 Why did Adam get some chocolate? 2 Why doesn’t Kiri want any chocolate? 3 Why didn’t Kiri’ brother go to the game? 4 Why does Adam think England will win? 5 What is the ‘Haka’? The wider world T How does New Zealand compare to your country? a) Answer the questions about New Z 1 Who were the first inhabitants? 2 Where did they come from? 3 Who were the later settlers? 4 What languages are spoken there today? b) Answer the same questions about your country. ©) The ‘Haka’ is a traditional Maori chant. The All Blacks perform it before a game. What’ the most popular sport in your country? What's the name of the most popular team? Are there any traditional songs or customs at your country’s ‘most popular sporting events? 278 in pairs, discuss what makes a good story. Use ‘must, have to, should, doesn’t have to, shouldn't and ‘mustn't, Here are some ideas to get you started. real events something scary a good storyteller a clear order of events ahappy ending —_ adventure suspense pictures . EXAMPLE: JoKo: I think a good story must bave a bappy ending. CAROLINA: Idon’t agree. It doesn’t bave to have a happy ending but there must be suspense. 9 in pairs, choose a film you have both recently seen and enjoyed or a book you have both read and enjoyed. 1 Make notes of the most important events. 2 Putthe events in the correct order. 3. Use your notes to tell your story to another pair. Project ‘You are going to prepare a poster about your country. What would you like people from other ‘countries to know about it? a) Make a list of important events in the history of your country from a history book or ‘encyclopaedia. Choose the information you like best and make notes. b) Make a list of important information about your country today. Choose the information you like best and make notes. ©) Make sentences from all of your notes. Write your sentences on a large piece of paper. 4) Find photos to illustrate your information. Grammar practice 1 Complete the sentences with the correct tense - the Present Simple or the Present Continuous - of the verbs in brackets. (Unit |) a) She doesn’t believe (not believe) in poltergeists but she (read) a book about them. b) Robbie usually (live) in America but he (stay) with his relatives for a while. ©) This month we —— (not do) any work because we're on holiday. 4) Gloria Estefan usually (sing) in English but she (make) a record in Spanish at the moment. 28 2. Rewrite these sentences using must, mustn’t, have to, don’t have to, should or shouldn't. (Unit 1) EXAMPLE: 1 You mustn't eatin the library: 1. Its forbidden to eat in the library. 5 eens cee 2. It isn’t necessary for pop groups to sing in English to be famous. Pop groups eet 3 Ladvise you to use a dictionary to check your spelling. ‘You 4 A visa is necessary when you visit China. People seus 5 Idon’t think it’s a good idea for children to watch horror films Children perar 6 Don’t take your dog into the children’s playground. It not allowed. You 7. Tall your teacher when you don’t understand. cee. 3 Write sentences from these notes below using the Past Simple and the Past Continuous or the Past imple and the Past Perfect. Use when or while to ink the two parts. (Units 2 and 4) EXAMPLE: 1 The class bad started when I arrived. 1 3.00—the class starts 3.10 ~Tarrive in class 2 3.11-Igettomy desk —3.05-3.13 - other students read article in book 3.3.13 - everybody 3.12-3.20 —I look for finishes reading book in schoolbag, 4 3.20-T find book 3.13 — everybody finishes article 3.16-3.39 — teacher explains something 3.36-3.39 — I look 5 3.30-I finish article 6 3.37 -teacher gives written exercise for pen 7 3.55 -teacher collects 3.55 ~ I haven’t work finished 8 4,00-classmates go _3.50-4.10 - I do the home work4 Fill in the blanks with the Past Simple or Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets. (Unit 3) Christie's, who are famous for selling works of art, sold (sell) an old comic yesterday for £14,300. ‘Mr Carr, the man who. (buy) it, says it (not be) expensive. He should know, he (buy) many old comics in the last few years. He's a * collector. Mr Carr (start) his collection some years ago. Since that time, he (buy) copies of ‘many first issues. He owns copies of the comics where Batman and Spiderman first (appear); and the comic he (add) to his collection yesterday has the first Superman story. The comic, ‘Action Comics Number 1, (come) out in June 1938 in the USA. It (cost) 10 cents at the time. Mr Carr's son, eight-year-old Sam, read) any of the comics in his father’s collection. ‘They go straight to the bank. But he doesn’t mind, he prefers a comic called X-men. (oot 5 Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous of the verb given and since or for. (Unit 3) 1 ave been working (work) on my stamp collection sinee this morning but I have almost finished now. 2 Kiri and her family (ive) in Britain six months. 1 (go) toa drama club last summer. Scientists (investigate) poltergeist phenomena some time. ‘They —— (train) the Capuchin monkey four years. 6 You ae (watch) TV ____ you got up! 6 Complete the sentences with the Present Simple, Past Simple or Present Continuous of the verb given in the active or passive voice as appropriate. (Unit 5) a) Aman says he was taken onto a UFO by an extraterrestrial. ) He says the extraterrestrial from his car. do ©) Scientists ___ many experiments on animals last year. 4) Important research ___ at the moment bya large German laboratory. take him keep _ €) People sometimes —__ dogs for company. 1) Often, large dogs as guards as well. make g) They ——a film in our school at the moment. Some of the pupils are going to appear in it. h) The film with real students. Grammar 1 talk about habitual, permanent and temporary situations using the Present Simple and the Present Continuous. (Unit 1) 2 talk about degrees of obligation using: must, have to, don’t have to, should, shouldn't and. ‘mustn't, Unit 1) 3 narrate a story using: mixed past tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous and Past Perfect. ~ sequence markers: before, after, when, while, frst and then. — adverbials of manner, time and place. (Units 2 and 4) 4 talk about actions which were completed in the past and actions which continue to the present using the Past Simple and Present Perfect. (Unit 3) 5 talk about procedure using the passive voice in the Present Simple, Present Continuous and Past Simple. (Unit 5) 6 use some phrasal verbs. (Unit 5) Skills READING use background knowledge of the topic. (Unit 1) predict the content of a text from the title and illustrations. (Unit 2) ‘© skim a text to find out what it is about. (Unit 3) © identify topic sentences of paragraphs. (Unit 5) WRITING gather ideas and then make notes for your compositions. (Unit 1) @ select the ideas and put them in order of importance. (Unit 3) © put your notes into sentences. (Unit 4) select the appropriate tenses for a narrative. (Unit 4) ‘¢ make sure that each paragraph develops the topic sentence. (Unit 5) LISTENING ¢@ listen for key words. (Unit 2) predict the content of a story from what you already know. (Unit 5) ‘SPEAKING indicate that you are giving your opinion. (Unit 1) © say if you agree or disagree with other people. Unit 1) i: © use intonation and pauses to make the stories you tell more interesting. (Unit 4) 29Mars 2030:MARS! The Young Scientist interview: a scientist from the French Space Agency talks about their special project, the conquest of Mars. Young Scientist: Man has been sending robots and space stations to Mars for some time. What is their purpose? We don’t know much about Mars. Soon, man is going to land on that planet ~ around the year 2030. But before that happens, we must know much more about it to make exploration safer. Space stations and robots will provide us with that information. YS: Can you tell us a bit more about the ‘equipment used on Mars? At the moment we are building a ‘balloon’ here in France. This balloon is going to float over the surface of Mars. It’s going to collect information about the conditions on the planet. I hope that this information will allow us to prepare for the landing better. YS: When will the ‘balloon’ be ready? I's almost ready now. Our technicians are testing all the components in the next few months. Then we're launching it next year. YS: Why Mars? Is it because there might be life there? ‘The main reason for choosing Mars is distance. We are starting with Mars because it's our nearest planet. I'm sure we will explore other planets later. As far as life is concerned, the Viking spacecraft I Look at the names of the planets in the solar system. In pairs, can you put them in order from the nearest to the furthest from the sun? EXAMPLE: I Mercury Uranus Earth Jupiter Mercury Neptune Venus Mars Pluto Saturn Reading 2. Look at the picture and the title of the interview. ‘What do you think it is going to be about? In pairs, write a list of words you think you will probably find in the text. EXAMPLE: planet, astronaut Read the interview and check your list. 30 looked for organisms on the Martian surface in 1976. The results were almost completely negative. As far as we can tell at the moment, Mars is a lifeless world. YS: You say ‘at the moment’ Are there plans to look for life in the future? In the next few months we're concentrating on the “© balloon. But we plan to bring back large samples of Martian soil later on, We're going to date them and analyse them. Then, in the not too distant future, I hope we will be able to say: This sample of soil is 800 million years old and we can see bacteria in it. © This is a sign of life.” YS: Do you think man will ever be able to actually live on Mars? Perhaps. American scientists are already working on this. But this is an enormous project. It will probably be the readers of Young Scientist and their children who will finally conquer space! When you are looking for something specific in a text with subheadings, you don’t have to read it all, or even skim it. Just look at it quickly and focus on the subheadings. This is called scanning. 3 scan the interview. The questions are used as subheadings. How quickly can you find the sections which deal with: the possibility of life on Mars plans to look for life the purpose of sending robots to Mars launching the ‘balloon’ the possibility of man living on Mars the equipment used on Mars EXAMPLE: possibility of life on Mars ~ section 4 auaRuneVocabulary 4 Fillin the spaces with these words from the text. exploration landing lifeless _ micro-organisms soil spacecraft surface The Apollo II spacecraft (1) was launched on 16th July 1969 with three astronauts on board. Four days later, the lunar module landed on the _—— (2) of the moon. Shortly after the ___ (3), Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon: the (4) of the satellite had begun. Since then, more than 363 kg of rock and (5) samples have been collected and analysed. No (6) have been found: the moon has always been a (7) world. Grammar Will, going to and Present Continuous as future 1 Predictions ‘Man is going to land on Mars around the year 2030. Pm sure we will explore other planets later. I'm predicting the future. I think this is likely to happen. 2 Plans ‘This balloon is going to float over the surface of Mars. Its planned. We intend it 0 happen. 3. Arrangements We're launching the balloon next year. They birve made all the preparations. Irs a definite arrangement. 5 Match the captions and the pictures. ‘One day, man will live on Mars!” “We're going to launch a space station in the near future.” ‘In a few minutes I’m travelling to Mars to collect soil samples.’ ty 6 Complete these sentences with the suitable future form of the verbs in brackets. In some cases there is more than one right answer. 1. Space scientists have predicted that some stars (crash) into Earth in about two thousand years. 2 ‘The countdown has started. ‘The space shuttle —___ (take off in a few seconds. It (put) a satellite in orbit. Then it collect) a faulty satellite and returning it to Earth.’ 3. More women are training to become astronauts. One day a woman (go) to another planet. 4. Scientists think one day it (be) possible to live on Mars. 5 Russian scientists are planning to send space stations to Mars. ‘They (launch) them from Kazakhstan, The stations collect) information on the ‘Martian environment. 6 Iesall arranged. The American rocket scientists (have) a meeting with their Russian colleagues next week. T Which of the sentences below do you agree with? 1 If there is intelligent life on other planets, why hasn’t anyone visited us? 2 There is no life on other planets 3 There is life on other planets but not necessarily people. 4. Tean only believe things which are proved scientifically. 5. Scientists don’t know everything. 6 We don’t know very much about other planets so maybe there is life beyond Earth. 7 Tean't believe we are the only intelligent form of life in the 8 Idon't know if there is life anywhere else but it a nice idea. 318 in pairs, compare your answers to Exercise 7 with your partner and ask for histher opinion. Then ask the pair sitting nearest you. EXAMPLE: ALL: [believe that one day we'l discover that there's life on otber planets. Whats your view? IsMET: I don’t think we will. That’ a silly idea, au: Why? : ISMET: I can only believe things which are proved scientifically Writing When you write a composition in English, always include: 3 + An introduction (the first paragraph) to tell the reader what your composition is about. + A development (the following paragraphs) to explain your ideas. + A conclusion (the last paragraph) to remind the reader about the main points you have made. 9 Get ready to write about life on other planets. a) Read the paragraphs from compositions on the subject ‘Is there life on other planets2”. Which are introductions? Which are conclusions? To conclude, | can say that | don't believe that there ie life on other planeta. We don't have proof that this ie true, When ecientists have proof, then maybe | will Pe \6 there life on other planets? Some people think thie {6 not possible but | think it ie. | can't believe that we are alone in this big universe. Now I'l explain why. ‘The points | have mentioned don't really prove that ‘there ie life on other planeta. But | am eure that one day man will be able to prove that there ie eome form of life in places like Mare. Feople like to think that there is life on other planets, | think this Is just fantasy. In my opinion, if there is no evidence it means there ie no life. Let's now look at the findings of some of the explorations. b) Match the two introductions and the two conclusions. ©) Use the ideas in Exercise 7 to write your own introduction and conclusion for a composition about life on other planets. 32 Listening Before you listen to o text, think of the information you need to get from it. When you listen, concentrate on getting this information only. You don't have to understand every word. 10 Look at the pictures and read the captions. Think about what you will need to listen for in order to number these stages of the terraforming of Mars. ‘The terraforming of Mars Growing trees © Listen and number the stages.T 1 & Look at the list of things that humans will have to do before they can start living on Mars. Listen again and match the actions with the results. EXAMPLE: 1 - d) Action Result 1 plant trees a) make oxygen 2. grow algae b) form oceans 3 produce an agricultural ©) heat up the planet programme 4 meltice 4) geta constant supply of oxygen plant gigantic mirrors ©) produce their own food around the planet Grammar Future clauses with when (when + subject + Present Simple), (subject + will + main verb) When you give them more thought, you will understand their importance. = You will understand their importance when you give them more thought. (when/once + subject + Present Perfect), (ubject + will + main verb) When/once you have given them more thought, you will understand their importance. = You will understand their importance when/once you have given them more thought. Look! Sometimes, the use of the Present Simple or Present Perfect makes the meaning very different: When I visit Mars, I will write a report. Twill write a report when Lam on Mars. When I have visited Mars, I will write a report. Twill write a report when I get back from Mars. 12. answer as many questions as you can with the information from Exercise I. ‘When will the first Martians: 1 have water? 2 have a warm planet? 3 have oxygen? 4 be sure of a constant oxygen supply? 5 and other animals be able to start a new life? EXAMPLE: They will have water once/when they have melted the ice 13 You have been on a very long and dangerous space mission. You haven't had any contact with Earth during that time. You land during the night so no one knows you're back. What will you do when you have landed? Put the actions in the order in which you will do them. Pl contact my family. ll telephone a newspaper. Pl report to my superiors, Pll start writing a report of my journey. Pill sell my story to a Hollywood movie studio. Ill get something good to eat. T'll get some new clothes. Tll spend some time alone to adapt to life on Earth, 14 in pairs, tell each other what pair you will do. EXAMPLE: When [land Ill contact my familySongs and singers | What's your favourite type of music? Who's your favourite grouplartist? . = Listen to the pieces of music. Match them with the type of musi romantic ballad reggae disco music rap hard rock opera EXAMPLE: I= rap 2 Write down adjectives that you think describe each of the types of music. Use the adjectives in the box to help you. [ stow fast. fun boring soft loud rhythmic repetitive 3 Number the types of music in order of preference, from I (favourite) to 6 (east favourite). Then compare your numbers with your partner. How many things do you agree on? EXAMPLE THPODORA: What do you think about rap? JOANNA: [don’t like it, its rhythmic but repetitive. Its my least fircourite type of music. What about you? What do you tbink? THEODORA: T love oper. Ie soft and beautifl. TANNA: [think it's boring! And its not soft It can be very loud. 4 = Listen to the radio programme. Match the columns. Singer Command/request ong Bob Marley | tells his girlfriend to put | Don't Leave her head on his shoulder. | Me This Way Bryan Adams | asks his girlfriend not to | Get up, leave him that wa Stand up Paul Anka | tells people to stand up for | Please ‘ their rights. Forgive Me Harold Melvin | asks his girlfriend to Put your Head forgive him. on my Shoulder, Bob Marley Paul Anka Bryan Adams 34 Lister S Pop songs are sometimes difficult to understand because they are very fast or because the singers don’t pronounce the words