Chapter - 7 Diode Equivalent circuit

Practice Questions
Sol.1 (D)
Given : I D  1 μA at 3000 K
V  150 mV;   1 for Ge
VT at 300 K  26 mV
Forward bias current I = I 0 (eV /VT 1)
I  I 0 (e150 m/26 m  1)
I  0.319 mA
VT 26 103
AC resistance rac    81.4 
I  I0 0.319 103  1106
Sol.2 3.32
VD  0.7V
VR  E  VD  8V  0.7V = 7.3V
VR 7.3V
ID  IR = =  3.32 mA Ans.
R 2.2 k
Sol.3 10

From the circuit observation D1 is forward biased and D2 is reverse biased

Hence, Z AB  10 k
Sol.4 (5)
Sol.5 (C)
Applying super node analysis
 Vx 0.7V V0

10 mA 2.2 k 1.2 k V0

Vx  V0  0.7 … (i)
Vx V0
  10
2.2 1.2
1.2Vx  2.2V0
 10
2.2 1.2
1.2Vx  2.2V0  26.4 … (ii)
On solving equation (i) and (ii) we get,
Vx  8.217 V, V0  7.51 V
Sol.6 9.133

Since the cut-in voltage of diode has 0.2V and Si diode has 0.7 V Assume Ge diode is forward biased and
Si diode is reverse biased

Applying KVL
10  3I  0.2  I  0
4I  9.8
9.8
I  2.45 mA
4
3I  0.2  VD  0
VD  3I  0.2
VD  7.55V
 Since, VD  0.7 V
So, our assumption is wrong

10  0.7  ( I1  I 2 )  0
I1  I 2  9.3 …(i)

10  3I1  0.2  ( I1  I 2 )  0

 4 I1  I 2  9.8 …(ii)
I1  I 2  9.3
4 I1  I 2  9.8
  
3I1  0.5
0.5
I1 
30
1
I 2  9.3 
6
I 2  9.133mA
Sol.7 (D)
I
0.2

V
0.7 0.9
Fig. (a)

I0

10V  92k

Fig. (b)
V  0.7 V
 V 0.2
rf    1 k
I 0.2
I0 0.7V rf  1 k

10V 92k

10  0.7 9.3
I0    0.1 mA
93 93
Sol.8 (C)
Assume both D1 and D2 ON,
i1 Va i2
0.6V 12  6  0.6V

5.4V 18  5V

Apply KCL at Va ,
Va  5.4  0.6 Va Va  5  0.6
  0
12 18 6
 1 1 1  4.8 4.4
Va      
12 18 6  12 6
Va  3.7097
From figure,
5.4  0.6  3.7097
i1   90.8 mA  0
12
So D1 is ON
5.4  0.6  3.7097
i2   115 mA  0
6
So D2 is ON
Sol.9 (A)
Assume both diode ON

Applying KCL at V0
V0  10 V0  5 V0
  0
1 1 9
19
V0  15V  V0  7.105V
9
From the above figure,
 10  7.105
i1   2.895 A  0, So D1 is ON
1
5  7.105
i2    2.105 A  0, So D2 is OFF
1
So circuit will be

10  9
V0   9V
1 9
Hence, option (A) is correct.
Sol.10 (B)
Assume D1 and D2 ON,

Applying KCL at V0
V0  10 V0  10 V0
  0
1 1 9
 1
V0 1  1    20  V0  9.4736
 9
From the above figure.
10  9.4736
i1   0.526 A  0 So D1 is ON
1
10  9.4736
i2   0.526 A  0 So D2 is ON
1
Sol.11 (C)
Assume both are ON
 Apply KCL analysis
V0  5 V0  5 V0
  0
1 1 9
 1
V0 1  1    0  V0  0
 9
From the above figure.
5  0
i1   5 A  0 So D1 is OFF
1
50
i2  5 A0 So D2 is ON
1
So circuit becomes

Sol.12 (B)
Assume D1 and D2 ON

Apply KCL at v0
v0  10 v0  10 v0  5
  0
1 1 9
 1 5
v0 1  1    10  10   v0  9.737 V
 9 9
From the above figure.
10  9.737
i1   0.263 A  0 So D1 is ON
1
 10  9.737
i2   0.263 A  0 So D2 is ON
1
Hence v0  9.737 so option (B) is correct.
Sol.13 (C)
Assume D1 and D2 ON

Apply KCL at v0
v0  5 v0  10 v0  5
  0
1 1 9
 1 5
v0 1  1    10  5   v0  2.63 V
 9 9
From the above figure.
 5  2.63
i1    7.63 A  0 So D1 is OFF
1
10  2.63
i2   7.37 A  0 So D2 is ON
1
So circuit becomes

10  5
i  0.5 A
1 9
v0  0.5  9  5  9.5 V
Hence option (C) is correct.
Sol.14 (C)
Assume D1 and D2 ON
10  0.7
i1   0.93 mA
10
0.7  0.7  10
i2   2 mA
5
 As i2  0 so D2 is ON
Current through D1  i1  i2  0.93  2  1.07 mA
Hence, D1 is OFF
So the circuit becomes

10  0.7  (10)
i  1.287 mA
15 k
v0  5 1.287  10   3.57 V Ans.
As D1 is OFF, so current through D1 ( iD1 ) = 0 A Ans.
Sol.15 (A)
Case 1 : Assume D1 ON.
Then circuit will become

By applying KVL
1  0.7  V  0
V  0.3V
So, D2 should be ON but if D2 is ON then by KVL we get
3  0.7  V  0
V  2.3V
Then V should become 2.3 V which is not possible so our assumption is wrong.
Case 2 : Assume D2 is ON
Then circuit will become

By applying KVL
3  0.7  V  0
V  2.3V Ans.
So D1 should OFF.
2.3  (3)
So our assumption is correct. Then I   2.65 mA Ans.
2
Sol.16 (C)
Diode will be OFF because if it is ON, voltage across it will be zero. The circuit is as follows,
 The voltage across diode is
4 10 8 10
VD    2 V
10  10 10  10
Since diode is OFF, current through it is zero.
Sol.17 (A)
The circuit is as follows

For vs small, both diode are OFF. For vs  0.6 V , D1 is ON, for v1  0.6 V both diode will be ON,
vs  0.6  v1 vs  v1 v1 v1  0.6
  
5 5 0.5 0.5
2v  5.4
v1  s  0.6 V
22
 vs  3.9 V
Sol.18 (C)
Assume all the diodes are ON

Status of diode
4.4  5  0.6  1.2
iD1    4.8 mA  0 D1 is OFF
0.5
4.4  0.6
iD 2   7.6 mA  0 D2 is ON
0.5
 Hence, option (C) is correct.
Sol.19 (C)
Assume both diode ON

So the circuit will become

Apply KCL at v0 ,
v0  10 v0  0  0.6 v0  10  0.6
  0
9.5 0.5 0.5
 1 1 1  10 0.6 10.6
v0        v0  5.713 V
 9.5 0.5 0.5  9.5 0.5 0.5
From above figure,
v0  10  0.6 5.713  10  0.6
i1    9.774 mA  0 so D1 is OFF
0.5 0.5
v  0  0.6 5.713  0  0.6
i2  0   10.226 mA  0 so D2 is ON
0.5 0.5
So the circuit will become

From above figure

 10  0.6 
v0  0.6  0.5     1.07 V
 9.5  0.5 
Sol.20 (C)
Assume both the diode ON

So the circuit will become

Apply KCL at v0
v0  10 v0  5  0.6 v0  10  0.6
  0
9.5 0.5 0.5
v0  8.149 V
From the above figure
 v0  0.6  10 8.149  0.6  10
i1     4.902 mA  0 so D1 is OFF
0.5 0.5
v  0.6  5 8.149  0.6  5
i2  0   5.098 mA  0 so D2 is ON
0.5 0.5
So the circuit will become

10  0.6  5
i  0.44 mA
9.5  0.5
v0  0.6  0.5  0.44  5  5.82 V
Sol.21 (D)
Assume both diode ON

Apply KCL at v0
v0  10 v0  0.6 v0  0.6
  0
9.5 0.5 0.5
v0  0.841 volt
From the above figure
v0  0.6 0.841  0.6
i1  i2    0.482 mA  0 so D1 and D2 both is ON
0.5 0.5
Hence v0  0.841 V Ans.

Assignment Questions
Sol.1 (D)
Assume both diode ON
 Apply KCL at v0
v0  0.6 v0  10  0.6 v 0
  0 0
500 500 9.5 103
v0  4.287 V
From the above figure,
10  0.6  4.287
i1   10.266 mA  0 so D1 is ON
500
0  0.6  4.287
i2    9.774 mA  0 so D2 is OFF
500
So circuit will become

 10  0.6 
v0  9500     8.93 V Ans.
 500  9500 
Sol.2 (A)
Assume both the diode ON

Apply KCL at v0
v0  0.6  5 v0  0.6  10 v0  0
  0
500 500 9500
v0  6.723 V
From the above figure
10  0.6  6.723
i1   5.354 mA  0 so D1 is ON
500
5  0.6  6.723
i2    4.646 mA  0 so D2 is OFF
500
So circuit will become
  10  0.6 
v0  9500     8.93 V Ans.
 500  9500 
Sol.3 (B)
Assume both diode ON.

v0  0 v0  10  0.6 v0  10  0.6
  0
9500 500 500
v0  9.159
From the above figure
10  9.159  0.6
i1  i2   4.82 10 4  0 so D1 and D2 both is ON
500
Sol.4 (C)
The Thevenin equivalent circuit for the network to the left of terminal ab is shown below
100
vTH  (2  cos t )  1  0.5cos t V
200

(100)2
RTH   50 
200
0.7  0.5
The diode can be modeled with v f  0.5V and rf   50 
0.004
vTH  v f 1  0.5cos t  0.5
iD    5(1  cos t ) mA
RTH  rf 50  50
Sol.5 (A)
vD  rf iD  v f
 50  5(1  cos t ) 103  0.5  0.75  0.25cos t  0.25(3  cos t ) V
Sol.6 (C)
 Applying KVL
5 103  ( I  30)100  ( I  35) 100
5000  100I  100I  3000  3500
I  57.5 mA
VD1  57.5  30 100  2750 V
VD 2  57.5  35 100  2250 V
Sol.7 (A)
The diode will be forward biased. The circuit can be redrawn as :
Applying KVL :
10  (4.6 103 ) I  0.7  (2.2 103  I )  5
I  2.10 mA
 V0  2.2 103  2.10 10 3  5
V0   0.38 V
Sol.8 (C)
Applying super node analysis

Vx  V0  0.7 …… (i)
Vx V0
  10
2.2 1.2
1.2Vx  2.2V0
 10
2.2 1.2
1.2Vx  2.2V0  26.4 …….. (ii)
On solving equation (i) and (ii) we get,
Vx  8.217 V, V0  7.51 V