Algebra- Sequence and Binomial [236 marks]

The values in the fourth row of Pascal’s triangle are shown in the following table.

1a. Write down the values in the fifth row of Pascal’s triangle. [2 marks]

3 5
1b. Hence or otherwise, find the term in x in the expansion of (2x + 3) . [5 marks]

2a. Find the term in [4 marks]

x6 in the expansion of (x + 2)9.

7
2b. Hence, find the term in x in the expansion of [2 marks]
5x(x + 2)9.

In the expansion of
3. [7 marks]
(3x + 1)n, the coefficient of the term in x2 is
135n, where n ∈ Z+ . Find n.

The first three terms of a geometric sequence are u1 = 0.64, u2 = 1.6, and u3 = 4.

4a. Find the value of r. [2 marks]

4b. Find the value of S6. [2 marks]

4c. Find the least value of n such that Sn > 75 000. [3 marks]

Consider the expansion of (2x + 3)8.

5a. Write down the number of terms in this expansion. [1 mark]

3
5b. Find the term in x . [4 marks]

In an arithmetic sequence u10 = 8, u11 = 6.5.

6a. Write down the value of the common difference. [1 mark]

6b. Find the first term. [3 marks]

6c. Find the sum of the first 50 terms of the sequence. [2 marks]

The third term in the expansion of (x + k)8 is 63x6. Find the possible values of k.
7. [5 marks]
 Ramiro walks to work each morning. During the first minute he walks 80 metres. In each subsequent minute he walks 90% of the [7 marks]
8.
distance walked during the previous minute.

The distance between his house and work is 660 metres. Ramiro leaves his house at 08:00 and has to be at work by 08:15.

Explain why he will not be at work on time.

In an arithmetic sequence, the first term is 2 and the second term is 5.

9a. Find the common difference. [2 marks]

9b. Find the eighth term. [2 marks]

9c. Find the sum of the first eight terms of the sequence. [2 marks]

8
10. Consider the expansion of ( x + x ) . The constant term is 5103. Find the possible values of p.
3 p
[6 marks]
2

The first two terms of a geometric sequence un are u1 = 4 and u2 = 4.2.

11a. (i) Find the common ratio. [5 marks]

(ii) Hence or otherwise, find u5.

Another sequence vn is defined by vn = an k, where a, k ∈ R , and n ∈ Z+ , such that v1 = 0.05 and v2 = 0.25.
11b. [5 marks]
(i) Find the value of a.

(ii) Find the value of k.

Find the smallest value of n for which vn > un .

11c. [5 marks]
 The sides of a square are 16 cm in length. The midpoints of the sides of this square are joined to form a new square
and four triangles (diagram 1). The process is repeated twice, as shown in diagrams 2 and 3.

Let
xn denote the length of one of the equal sides of each new triangle.

Let
An denote the area of each new triangle.

12a. The following table gives the values of [4 marks]

xn and
An, for
1 ⩽ n ⩽ 3. Copy and complete the table. (Do not write on this page.)

n123
xn 8 4
An 32 16

The process described above is repeated. Find

12b. [4 marks]
A6.

12c. Consider an initial square of side length [7 marks]

k cm. The process described above is repeated indefinitely. The total area of the shaded regions is
k cm2. Find the value of
k.

In an arithmetic sequence, the third term is 10 and the fifth term is 16.

Find the common difference.

13a. [2 marks]

Find the first term.

13b. [2 marks]

Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the sequence.

13c. [3 marks]

The sums of the terms of a sequence follow the pattern

S1 = 1 + k, S2 = 5 + 3k, S3 = 12 + 7k, S4 = 22 + 15k, … , where k ∈ Z.

Given that
14a. [4 marks]
u1 = 1 + k, find
u2, u3 and
u4.
 Find a general expression for
14b. [4 marks]
un.

Consider the expansion of

(x + 3)10.

Write down the number of terms in this expansion.

15a. [1 mark]

Find the term containing

15b. [4 marks]
x3.

Consider the expansion of

16. [7 marks]
8
x2(3x2 + x ) . The constant term is
k

16 128.
Find
k.

The first three terms of a infinite geometric sequence are

m − 1, 6, m + 4, where
m ∈ Z.

Write down an expression for the common ratio,

17a. [2 marks]
r.

Hence, show that

17b. [2 marks]
m satisfies the equation
m2 + 3m − 40 = 0.

17c. Find the two possible values of [3 marks]

m.

17d. Find the possible values of [3 marks]

r.

The sequence has a finite sum.

17e. [3 marks]
State which value of
r leads to this sum and justify your answer.

The sequence has a finite sum.

17f. [3 marks]
Calculate the sum of the sequence.
 An arithmetic sequence is given by
5,
8,
11, ….

(a) Write down the value of

18a. [7 marks]
d.
(b) Find

(i)
u100 ;
(ii)
S100 .
(c) Given that
un = 1502 , find the value of
n.

18b. Write down the value of [1 mark]

d.

18c. Find [4 marks]

(i)
u100 ;
(ii)
S100 .

Given that
18d. [2 marks]
un = 1502 , find the value of
n.

In the expansion of
(3x − 2)12 , the term in
x5 can be expressed as
12
( ) × (3x)p × (−2)q .
r

(a) Write down the value of

19a. [5 marks]
p , of
q and of
r.
(b) Find the coefficient of the term in
x5 .

Write down the value of

19b. [3 marks]
p , of
q and of
r.

Find the coefficient of the term in

19c. [2 marks]
x5 .

20. The sum of the first three terms of a geometric sequence is [6 marks]
62.755, and the sum of the infinite sequence is
440. Find the common ratio.
21. The constant term in the expansion of [7 marks]
6
( xa + ax ) , where
2

a ∈ R is
1280. Find
a.

22a. The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are 5 , 6.7 , 8.4 . [2 marks]
Find the common difference.

The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are 5 , 6.7 , 8.4 .

22b. [2 marks]
Find the 28th term of the sequence.

The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are

22c. [2 marks]
5,
6.7 ,
8.4 .
Find the sum of the first 28 terms.

The third term in the expansion of

23. [7 marks]
(2x + p)6 is
60x4 . Find the possible values of p .

Given that \({\left( {1 + \frac{2}{3}x} \right)^n}{(3 + nx)^2} = 9 + 84x + \ldots \) , find the value of n .
24. [7 marks]

The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are 36, 40, 44,….

(i) Write down the value of d .

25a. [3 marks]
(ii) Find
u8 .

25b. (i) Show that [3 marks]

Sn = 2n 2 + 34n .
(ii) Hence, write down the value of
S14 .

Consider the expansion of

8
(2x3 + xb ) = 256x24 + 3072x20 + … + kx0 + … .

26a. Find b. [3 marks]

Find k.
26b. [3 marks]

27a. The first term of a geometric sequence is 200 and the sum of the first four terms is 324.8. [4 marks]
Find the common ratio.

27b. The first term of a geometric sequence is 200 and the sum of the first four terms is 324.8. [2 marks]
Find the tenth term.
 Consider the expansion of
(3x2 + 2)9 .

Write down the number of terms in the expansion.

28a. [1 mark]

28b. Find the term in [5 marks]

x4 .

Consider an infinite geometric sequence with

29a. [4 marks]
u1 = 40 and
r= 1 . 2

(i) Find
u4 .
(ii) Find the sum of the infinite sequence.

Consider an arithmetic sequence with n terms, with first term (

29b. [5 marks]
−36) and eighth term (
−8) .
(i) Find the common difference.

(ii) Show that

Sn = 2n2 − 38n .

The sum of the infinite geometric sequence is equal to twice the sum of the arithmetic sequence. Find n .
29c. [5 marks]

In an arithmetic sequence,
u1 = 2 and
u3 = 8 .

30a. Find d . [2 marks]

Find
30b. [2 marks]
u20 .

30c. Find [2 marks]

S20 .

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