𝐏𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐄𝐗𝐀𝐌 3 STUDENT NAME:

 
Use theorems to answer the following questions exactly for full credit. Use the calculator to
check answers or for partial credit when you can't find exact answers. Show your work in both
cases.

Keep in mind that these brief solutions are for checking your final answers. On tests the work
and justification is at least as important as the final number.

[1] ≈ Example 8 (4.1)

 
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 2 .
1 4 3 11 2
 
Find the global extrema of 𝑓 on the interval [0,4].
 
 
SOLUTION: gmax of 2 at 0 and 4 , gmin of −1/4 at 1 and 3 .
 
Graph this function at https://www.desmos.com/calculator (https://www.desmos.com/calculator)
or with a graphing calculator.
 
This is generally a good idea when checking answers for HW and practice exams.
 
 
[2] ≈ Example 5 (4.2)
 
Suppose that 𝑓 is differentiable on ℝ.
 
Suppose also that 𝑓(0) = 2 and −3 ≤ 𝑓 (𝑥) ≤ 2 for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ .
′
 
What are the largest and smallest possible values of 𝑓(4) ?
 
For EC, find 𝑓1 (𝑥) that satisfies the assumptions and has 𝑓1 (4) equal to the largest value.
 
 
SOLUTION: |𝑓(4)| < 10 (so largest value is 10 and smallest is −10 ).
 
Also 𝑓1 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 2 .
 
Linear functions are the go-to choice in this situation, since you can give them the constant max
or min 𝑓1′ as needed.
 
 
[3] ≈ Example 6 (4.3)
 
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2 .
4 3
 
At what 𝑥 ∈ ℝ does 𝑓 have a local minimum? What is this local minimum to 3 decimal places?
 
On what intervals is 𝑓 concave upward? concave downward?
 
What are the inflection points of 𝑓 to three places of accuracy?
 
 
SOLUTION: lmin at 9/16 = 0.5625.
 
Con-up on (−∞,0),(0,9/24) ; con-down on (9/24,∞)
 
Inflection points of (0.000,2.000) and (0.325,1.942) .

Recall that inflection points are (𝑥,𝑦) pairs ('points'), not just 𝑥 values
 
 
[4] ≈ Example 10 (4.4)
 
Use l'Hospital's Rule to find lim𝑥→0 𝑥 ln(𝑥 ) .
+ 1/3 1/3
 
Use the previous result and a fact about continuous functions to find lim𝑥→0+ √ 3 ⎯⎯
𝑥√3 𝑥 .
 
Check your answer numerically with at least 3 values.
 
 
SOLUTION: This should be fairly easy to check with a calculator. Ask me how if you don't know.
The answer is 1 .
 
The second part requires working with ln(𝑥) and exp(𝑥) to get the right form.
 
 
[5] ≈ Exercise 4 (4.7)
 
We are allowed to choose any two numbers 𝑥,𝑦 such that 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝜋.

We want to choose 𝑥 and 𝑦 so that 𝑥3 𝑦3 is as large as possible.

What are the best 𝑥 , 𝑦 (exact answer), and what is the resulting 𝑥3 𝑦3 (to three places)?
 
 
SOLUTION: 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝜋/2 (This won't always be the case!), 𝑥3 𝑦3 = 𝑥3 (𝜋 − 𝑥)3 ≈ 15.022 .
 
You will need a product rule and to find the right closed interval on which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥3 (𝜋 − 𝑥)3 is
continuous.
 
 
[6] ≈ Example 3 (4.3)
 ⎯⎯  
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = √2 𝑥 − 2sin(𝑥) .
 
Find the absolute minimum of 𝑓 on [0,𝜋] to 3 decimal places.
 
At what 𝑥 does this minimum occur?
 
Find the absolute maximum of 𝑓 on [0,𝜋] to 3 decimal places.
 
At what 𝑥 does this maximum occur?
 
 
SOLUTION: gmin of ≈ −0.303 at 𝜋/4, gmax of ≈ 4.443 at 𝜋 .
 
 
[7] (numerical problem)
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 cos(𝑥) .
 
Find the global maximum of 𝑓 on [0,2] to 3 decimal places.
 
At what 𝑥 does this maximum occur, to 4 decimal places?
 
For extra credit, answer both questions exactly (which requires an abstract answer.)
 
 
SOLUTION: The hard part is solving 𝑥sin(𝑥) − 1 = 0 when finding critical numbers.
 
But num-solve will do this for you with great accuracy.
 
It gives 1.1141157141, which we round to 1.1141 .
 
To estimate the gmax, we evaluate 𝑓(1.1141157141) ≈ 1.732 .
 
Note that we do not use our rounded 𝑥 but as much 'detail' as possible (numsolve's output).
 
To answer exactly, we let 𝑐 be the solution to 𝑥sin(𝑥) − 1 = 0 . Such a solution exists by the
IVT. Prove it!
 
(Let 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥sin(𝑥) − 1 and recall the first exam.)
 
We actually have to estimate 𝑐 to be sure that 𝑓(𝑐) is our gmax!
 
Then the gmax is 𝑓(𝑐) and it happens of course at 𝑐.