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Experiment No.5: HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE IN COMMUNICATING TUBES ___ | PAGE

COMPUTATION:

FOR TUBE 1
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 = (9.777 ) (0.0615𝑚) = 0.6013𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 2 = (9.777 3 ) (0.0728𝑚) = 0.7118𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 3 = (9.777 3 ) (0.0970𝑚) = 0.9484𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 1 = 0.6013 + 101.325 = 101.926

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 2 = 0.7118 + 101.325 = 102.036
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 3 = 0.9484 + 101.325 = 102.273

(0.6013)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 1 = = 0.005
(9.81)(13.6)
(0.7118)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 2 = = 0.005
(9.81)(13.6)
(0.9484)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 3 = = 0.007
(9.81)(13.6)

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FOR TUBE 2
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝛾ℎ
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 = (9.777 3 ) (0.0635𝑚) = 0.6208𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 2 = (9.777 3 ) (0.0735𝑚) = 0.7186𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 3 = (9.777 3 ) (0.1022𝑚) = 0.9992𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 1 = 0.6208 + 101.325 = 101.945

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 2 = 0.7186 + 101.325 = 102.043
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 3 = 0.9992 + 101.325 = 102.324

(0.6208)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 1 = = 0.005
(9.81)(13.6)
(0.7186)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 2 = = 0.005
(9.81)(13.6)
(0.9992)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 3 = = 0.007
(9.81)(13.6)

FOR TUBE 3
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 = (9.777 ) (0.0605𝑚) = 0.5915𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 2 = (9.777 3 ) (0.0730𝑚) = 0.7137𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 3 = (9.777 3 ) (0.1020𝑚) = 0.9973𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 1 = 0.5915 + 101.325 = 101.916

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 2 = 0.7137 + 101.325 = 102.038
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 3 = 0.9973 + 101.325 = 102.322

(0.5915)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 1 = = 0.004
(9.81)(13.6)
(0.7137)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 2 = = 0.005
(9.81)(13.6)
(0.9973)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 3 = = 0.007
(9.81)(13.6)

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FOR TUBE 4
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 = (9.777 ) (0.0645𝑚) = 0.6306𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 2 = (9.777 3 ) (0.0745𝑚) = 0.7284𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚
𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 3 = (9.777 3 ) (0.1050𝑚) = 1.0266𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑚

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 1 = 0.6306 + 101.325 = 101.955

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 2 = 0.7284 + 101.325 = 102.053
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 3 = 1.0266 + 101.325 = 102.351

(0.6306 𝑘𝑃𝑎)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 1 = = 0.005
(9.81)(13.6)
(0.7284)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 2 = = 0.005
(9.81)(13.6)
(1.0266)
𝐻ℎ𝑔 3 = = 0.008
(9.81)(13.6)

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GRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION:

DENSITY (kg/m3)
Temperatue=20oC
1200
1150
1100
1050
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 4 TRIAL 5 AVERAGE

WATER KEROSENE OIL SALT WATER

FIGURE 1.1 Density of water kerosene oil and salt water at 20oC in kg/m3

 Interpret the graph after the figure.

 Describe the data using as many appropriate graphs as possible.
 Use MS Excel in making the graph.
 Follow the format.

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Experiment No.5: HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE IN COMMUNICATING TUBES ___ | PAGE

PROCEDURE/DOCUMENTATION:

INSERT PICTURE HERE

PROCEDURE NO.1: PREPARE THE INSTRUMENTS (example only,

copy the procedure from your manual)

INSERT PICTURE HERE

PROCEDURE NO.2: PREPARE THE INSTRUMENTS (example only,

copy the procedure from your manual)

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OBSERVATION AND CONCLUSION:

THIS EXPERIMENT AIMS TO DISTINGUISH THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ABSOLUTE PRESSURE, GAGE
PRESSURE AND THE ATMOSPERIC PRESSURE. USING THE COMMUNICATING TUBE, THE PRESSURE IN THE
FOUR DIFFERENT CONNECTING TUBES MUST BE EQUAL AT ANY DIRECTION. APPLYING THE PASCAL’S
LAW, WHICH MEANS THE PRESSURE EXERTED ON A MOLECULE OF A LIQUID IS TRANSMITTED IN FULL
AND WITH THE SAME INTENSITY IN ALL DIRECTIONS. IN ADDITION, THIS EXPERIMENT HAVE A DESIRED
OUTCOME TO ACQUIRE THE HYDROSTATIC FORCE OF ANY LIQUID DEPTH AT A GIVEN DEPTH. ALSO,
THIS EXPERIMENT SEEKS TO CALCULATE THE EQUIVALENT HEIGHT OF ANY LIQUID OF KNOWN UNIT
WEIGHT USING A HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF A DIFFERENT LIQUID OF KNOWN UNIT WEIGHT AND
HEIGHT. WITH RESPECT TO THE CONNECTING TUBES THE RESEARCHER COULD GET THE HEIGHT OF
ANY LIQUID USING THE COMPUTED HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF THE CONNECTING TUBES.

THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE OF THE FLUID IN THE CONNECTING TUBES IS EQUAL TO EACH OTHER
AND ALSO THE GAGE PRESSURE IS APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO THE CONNECTING TUBES. FOR THE
RESEARCHERS TO QUANTIFY THE FOLLOWING REQUIRED VALUES, THE RESEARCHERS NEEDS TO GET
THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER SAMPLE AND RECORD IT. AFTER THAT, POUR THE WATER SAMPLE
TO THE BIGGER TUBE OF THE CONNECTING TUBE, MEASURE AND RECORD IT. COMPUTE THE
ABSOLUTE AND GAGE PRESSURES AT THE BOTTOM OF EACH TUBE. CALCULATE ALSO THE HEIGHT OF
ANY LIQUID OF KNOWN UNIT WEIGHT USING THE COMPUTED HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF THE
WATER. ADD ADDITIONAL AMOUNT OF WATER UNTIL THREE TRIALS AND REPEAT THE NEEDED
PROCEDURE. OUR INSTRUCTOR WOULD NOT ALLOW TO CONDUCT THE EXPERIMENT IF THE MEMBER
IS NOT WEARING THE LAB GOWN FOR SAFETY PURPOSES.

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𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 = (9.777 𝑚3 ) (0.0615𝑚) = 0.6013𝐾𝑃𝑎 (TUBE 1)

𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 = (9.777 𝑚3 ) (0.0635𝑚) = 0.6208𝐾𝑃𝑎 (TUBE 2)

𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 = (9.777 𝑚3 ) (0.0605𝑚) = 0.5915𝐾𝑃𝑎 (TUBE 3)

𝑁
𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 = (9.777 𝑚3 ) (0.0645𝑚) = 0.6306𝐾𝑃𝑎 (TUBE 4)

AS YOU CAN SEE ON THE RESULTS WITH A 40 ML OF WATER ON THE CONNECTING TUBE HAS
APPROXIMATELY THE SAME GAGE PRESSURE. IN THIS CASE IT IS ALSO THE SAME WHEN THE WATER
SAMPLE IS 50 ML OR 60 ML. HAVING THE 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝛾ℎ (UNIT WEIGHT MULTIPLIED BY THE HEIGHT OF
𝑁
THE FLUID) THE 9.777 REFERS TO THE UNIT WEIGHT OF THE LIQUID WHEN IT IS IN 25°𝐶.
𝑚3

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 1 = 0.6013 + 101.325 = 101.926 (TUBE 1)

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 1 = 0.6208 + 101.325 = 101.945 (TUBE 2)

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 1 = 0.5915 + 101.325 = 101.916 (TUBE 3)

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 1 = 0.6306 + 101.325 = 101.955 (TUBE 4)

ALSO, FOR THE ABSOLUTE PRESSURE IT IS APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO EACH OTHER. THE RESULT ONLY
PROVES THAT IN A CONNECTING TUBE, IT HAS THE SAME INTENSITY IN ALL DIRECTIONS. WHEN THE
FLUID SETTLES, THE GAGE AND ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE TUBE IS EQUAL. THE
COMPUTED HEIGHT OF THE HG WERE NOT THAT FAR TO EACH OTHER IN EVERY TRIAL. FURTHERMORE,
THE HEGHT OF THE HG IS ALSO APPROXIMATELY EQUAL IN EVERY TUBE IN THE CONNECTING TUBE.
THE ERRORS THAT THE RESEARCHERS ENCOUNTERED WERE THE READING OF THE HEIGHT OF THE
FLUID IN THE CONNECTING TUBES BECAUSE NOT ALL THE TUBES WERE STRAIGHT. AS YOU CAN SEE ON
THE PICTURE THE TUBE HAS A DIFFERENT SHAPE ON TUBE 2 AND 3. IN ADDITION, THE MEASUREMENT
OF THE HEIGHT WERE HARD TO READ ON A RULER ESPECIALLY FOR THOSE MEMBERS THAT HAVE A
POOR EYESIGHT. THE RESEARCHERS SUGGEST TO APPOINT MEMBERS THAT HAS A GOOD EYESIGHT
FOR GETTING THE HEIGHT OF THE WATER SAMPLE.

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