Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) - 10%

Usually referred as CANDU, PHWR was developed in the 1950s and is widely used in countries
such as Canada and India. PHWR represents about 10% of all nuclear power reactors in the world.

This type of reactor uses Uranium at its natural level of around 0.7% U235 concentration with no
enrichment. It uses heavy water* for neutron moderation and reactor heat removal. Heavy water
absorbs the fewest neutrons among common moderator material so that it will least suppress
the chain reaction. This heavy water flows inside pressure tubes filled with Uranium, taking away
reactor heat and delivering it to an adjoining circuit to raise steam and drive a turbine-generator
for production of electricity.

PWHR's pressurised tube design enables refueling of the reactor during operation, by isolating
individual pressure tubes from the cooling circuit.

*Heavy water refers to water in which the ordinary hydrogen atoms (containing only 1 proton in
the nucleus) are replaced by heavier hydrogen atoms (containing 1 proton and 1 neutron in the
nucleus), which can help achieve a more efficient fission process
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