Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

San Pablo City Campus
Del Remedio, San Pablo City
Graduate Studies and Applied Research
COURSE: Cognate 202
COURSE TITLE: Foundation of Education
REPORTER: MARIVIC ROJAS-ELLOSO
MAJOR: MAED- Physical Education
INSTRUCTOR: Ma. Rona D. Sahagun, Ed. D.
CONTACT NUMBER: 09471908158 / 09175222384

Topic: LEGAL BASIS OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATION

Subtopic: a. Magna Carta
b. Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
c. Organization and Structure of the Philippine Educational System
Objective: a. Know the different programs for the improvement of teachers.

b. Identify the different code of ethics for professional teachers in the Philippines

c. Determine the different organization and structure of the Philippine educational system.

MAGNA CARTA
VISION: To provide programs for the promotion and improvement of the social well-being and economic status
of the public school teachers, including their living and working conditions, terms of employment and career
implementation of the said statute thus setting at naught whatever lofty aims the legislative has envisioned in ordaining
the said Magna Carta.

SECTION 1: SEC. 19 SPECIAL HARDSHIP ALLOWANCES

 teachers are exposed to hardship, PERIL (such as difficulty in commuting to the place of work) or other hazards
peculiar to the employment, teachers shall be compensated special hardship allowances, equivalent to atleast
25% of their monthly salary.

SECTION 2: SEC. 24 STUDY LEAVE

 in addition to the leave privileges now enjoyed by teachers in the public schools, they shall be entitled to a
study leave not exceeding one school year after, EVERY THREE years of service TO PURSUE A GRADUATE STUDY
IN EDUCATION OR ALLIED COURSES.
 Such leave shall be granted in accordance with a schedule set by the DepEd.
 During the period of such leave, the teachers shall be entitled to their full ( at least 60% ) of their monthly salary
and APPROPRIATE ALLOWANCES: Provided however, that no teacher shall be allowed to accumulate more than
one year study leave, unless HE or SHE needs NOT MORE THAN 2 additional semesters to finish his or her thesis
or TO COMPLETE A REGULAR MASTERAL or DOCTORAL PROGRAM
 HE or SHE shall be entitled to at least 75% of his/her full monthly salary and appropriate allowances
 To avail of the benefits herein provided, THE TEACHER SHALL NEVER ENTER INTO AND UNDERTAKING
INSTITUTION WITH WHICH HE/SHE IS CONNECTED FOR A PERIOD OF 3 YEARS FOR EVERY YEAR OF STUDY
LEAVE.
 In cases the study leave shall be counted for seniority and pension purposes.
 The compensation allowed for THE [one year] study leave as herein provided shall be subject to the condition
that the teacher takes the regular study load and passes at least seventy-five percent (75%) of his OR HER
courses. [Study leave of more than one (1) year may be permitted by the Secretary of Education but without
compensation.]
SECTION 3: SEC. 26 A. EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS
 teachers are entitled under existing laws, rules and regulations, their children, not exceeding two (2) in number,
shall be admitted to any state college or university to pursue any bachelor's degree free of any charges,
including but not limited to the tuition and matriculation fees: provided, however, that they shall meet the
academic requirements for admission of the subject state college or university: provided, further, that their
continuous enjoyment of the educational benefits herein provided is subject to the condition that they meet the
standards of academic proficiency to be set by the department of education.

B. LONGEVITY PAY
- any provision of law to the ,contrary notwithstanding, a monthly longevity pay equivalent to ten percent (10%) of
the monthly basic pay shall be paid to teachers for each five (5) years of continuous, efficient, and meritorious service.

SECTION 4: IMPLEMENTATION AND REPORTING

 It shall be mandatory for the Department of Education to carry out the full implementation of the provisions of
Republic Act No. 4670. Without prejudice to any liability which may be incurred by the responsible officials in
case of neglect or omission to carry out the duty herein provided, the sanctions for which liability shall be
imposed strictly from hereon, the Secretary of Education shall, not later than six (6) months from the passage of
this Act and every year thereafter, submit to the President and the Congress of the Philippines a report detailing
compliance with the provisions of this Section.

SECTION 5: SEPERABILITY CLAUSE

 If, for any reason, any section or provision of this Act shall be held unconstitutional or invalid, the other section
or provision not otherwise affected shall remain valid.

SECTION 6: REPEALING CLAUSE

 All laws, presidential decrees, executive orders, proclamations, rules and regulations which are inconsistent with
the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed, modified, superseded or amended accordingly.

SECTION 7: EFFECTIVITY CLAUSE

 This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days from its publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2)
newspapers of general circulation.

CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS

(Resolution No. 435, 1997)

The code of ethics for teachers is designed to protect the rights of the students, all the students. It is important
that teachers understand that when they get a teaching position they are agreeing to follow the Code of Ethics. Teachers
are expected to be fair to all their students and not to take advantage of their position in any way.

PREAMBLE
Teachers are a duly licensed professional who possesses dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as
technical and professional competence in the practice of their noble profession, and they strictly adhere to, observe,
and practice this set of ethical and moral principles, standards, and values.

ARTICLE 1 (SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS)

SEC. 1. This code shall apply to ALL TEACHERS in schools in the Philippines

SEC. 2. Covers ALL PUBLIC and PRIVATE school TEACHERS in all educational institution at the pre-school. Primary,
elementary, and secondary levels whether academic, vocational, special, technical, or non-formal. “Teacher”-industrial
arts or vocational teachers and all other persons performing SUPERVISORY and/or ADMINISTRATIVE functions in all
school, whether on full time or part time basis.

ARTICLE II (THE TEACHER AND THE STATE)

SEC 1. The schools are the nurseries of the future citizens of the state; each teacher is a trustee of the cultural and
educational heritage of the nation and is under obligation to transmit to learners such heritage as well as to elevate
national morality, promote national pride, cultivate love of the country, still allegiance to the constitution and for all duly
constituted authorities, and promote obedience to the laws of the state.
SEC 2. Every teacher or school official shall actively help carry out the declared policies of the state, and shall take an
oath to this effect.

SEC 3. In the interest of the State and of the Filipino people as much as of his own, every teacher shall be physically,
mentally and morally fit.

SEC 4. Every teacher shall possess and actualized a full commitment and devotion to duty

SEC 5. A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any political, religious or other partisan interest, and shall not,
directly or indirectly, solicit, require, collect, or receive any money or service or other valuable material from any person
or entity for such purposes.

SEC 6. Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise all other constitutional rights and responsibilities

SEC 7. A teacher shall not use his position or official authority or influence to coerce any other person to follow any
political course of action

SEC 8. Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom and shall have privilege of expounding the product of his researches
and investigations; provided that, if the results are inimical to the declared policies of the State, they shall be brought to
the proper authorities for appropriate remedial action.

WHAT IS ACADEMIC FREEDOM?

The Supreme Court of the U.S. said that Academic Freedom means a university can “determine for itself on academic
ground: (1) Who may teach (2) What may taught (3) Who may be admitted to study”

ARTICLE III ( THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY

SEC 1. A teacher is:

-facilitator of learning and of the development of the youth;
-render the best service by providing an environment conducive to such learning and growth.

SEC 2. …shall provide leadership and initiative to actively participate in community movements for moral, social,
educational, economic and civic betterment.

SEC 3. …shall merit reasonable social recognition

…shall behave with honor and dignity at all times …refrain from such activities as gambling, smoking, drunkenness, and
other excesses, much less elicit relations.

SEC 4. …shall live for and with community’…shall study and understand local customs and traditions in order to have
sympathetic attitude, …refrain from disparaging the community

SEC 5. …shall help the school keep the people in the community informed about the school work and accomplishments
as well as its needs and problems.

SEC 6. …is intellectual leader in the community, …shall welcome the opportunity to provide such leadership when
needed, …extend counseling services, as appropriate, and to actively be involved in matters affecting the welfare of the
people.

SEC 7. Every teacher shall maintain harmonious and pleasant personal and official relations with other professionals,
with government officials, and with the people, individually or collectively

SEC 8. A teacher posses freedom to attend church and worships as appropriate, but shall not use his positions and
influence to proselyte others.

ARTICLE IV ( THE TEACHER AND THE PROFESSION)

SEC 1. Every teacher shall actively insure that teaching is the noblest profession, shall manifest genuine enthusiasm
pride in teaching as a noble calling.

SEC 2. Every teacher shall uphold the highest possible standards of quality education, shall make the best preparations
for the career of teaching, and shall be at his best at all times and in the practice of his profession.
SEC 3. Every teacher shall participate in the Continuing Professional Education (CPE) program of the Professional
Regulation Commission, and shall pursue such other studies as will improve his efficiency, enhance the prestige of the
profession, and strengthen his competence, virtues, and productivity in order to be nationally and internationally
competitive.

SEC 4. Every teacher shall help, if duly authorized, to seek support from the school, but shall not make improper
misrepresentations through personal advertisements and other questionable means.

SEC 5. Every teacher shall use the teaching profession in a manner that makes it dignified means for earning a decent
living

ARTICLE V ( THE TEACHER AND THE TEACHING COMMUNITY)

SEC 1. Professional loyalty, mutual confidence, and faith in one another, self-sacrifice for the common good, and full
cooperation with colleagues. Support one another.

SEC 2. …refrain from claiming credit of work not his own, and give due credit for the work of others which he may use.

SEC 3. …organize and leave to his successor such records and other data as are necessary to carry on the work before
leaving.

SEC 4. …shall keep confidential information concerning associates and the school, and shall not divulge to anyone
documents which has not been officially released, or remove records from files without official permission.

SEC 5. seek correctives for what may appear to be an unprofessional and unethical conduct of any associate. However, if
there is incontrovertible evidence for such conduct.

SEC 6. …submit to the proper authorities any justifiable criticism against an associate, preferably in writing, without
violating any right of the individual concerned

SEC 7. …may apply for a vacant position for which he is qualified, provided that he respects the system of selection on
the basis of merit and competence, provided, further, that all qualified candidates are given the opportunity to be
considered.

ARTICLE VI ( THE TEACHER AND THE HIGHER AUTHORITIES IN THE PROFESSION)

SEC 1. …make an honest effort to understand and the legitimate policies of the school and the administration regardless
of personal feeling or private opinion and shall faithfully carry them out

SEC 2. …shall not make any false accusations or charges against superiors, especially under anonymity. However, if there
are valid charges, he should present such under oath to competent authority.

SEC 3. …transact all official business through channels except when special conditions warrant a different procedure

BASIC STEPS IN FILING COMPLAINT

GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE
(Faculty Club Pres., PTA Pres., SSG Pres. and other)

SUBJECT DIVISION
COORDINATORS PRINCIPAL
TEACHER SUPERVISOR
(Academic
Matters)

REGIONAL
DEPED DIVISION
DIRECTOR
SECTARY SUPERINTENDENT
SEC 4. …has a right to seek redress against injustice to the administration and …shall raise grievances within acceptable
democratic processes. …shall avoid jeopardizing the interest and the welfare of learners whose right to learn must be
respected.

SEC 5. …right to invoke the principle that appointments, promotions, and transfer of teachers are made only on the basis
of merit and needed in the interest of the service.

SEC 6. A teacher who accepts a position assumes a contractual obligation to live up to his contract, assuming full
knowledge of employment terms and conditions.

PROCEDURES ON THE APPOINTMENT AND PROMOTION OF THE TEACHING RELATED, TEACHING AND NON-TEACHING
POSITION

1. Publish vacant position

2. Announce vacant position and post in at least three conspicuous places in the DepEd/schools concerned for at
least 15 working days
3. List applicants
4. Conduct preliminary evaluation of the qualifications of the applicants
5. Prepare selection line-up which shall REFLECT the QUALIFICATIONS of all applicants
6. Post 3 conspicuous places for atleast 15 calendar days. Indicate the day of posting.
7. Notify all applicants for the outcome of the preliminary evaluation
8. Submit the selection line-up to the PERSONNEL SELECTION BOARD for deliberation en banc
9. Conduct further assessment (written exam, skills test, interview and others)
10. Submit to the appointing authority the short list of 5 ranking candidates.

COMPOSITION OF PERSONNEL SELECTION BOARD

DIVISION LEVEL
 Assistant School’s Div. Superintendent
 Head of the school where vacancy exists
 Admin Officer V
 Admin Officer II (HRMO I)
 President Division DepEd Employees Union/ Faculty Association / Non- Teaching Association
SECONDARY LEVEL
 Principal / School Head
 Department Head where vacancy exists
 Administrative Officer
 President of Teachers’ Association
NON- TEACHING
 Principal/School Head
 Two Department Heads
 Admin Officer
 President of Employees Ass./ Pres. Non- Teaching Association

ARTICLE VII (SCHOOL OFFICIALS, TEACHERS AND OTHER PERSONNEL) (SCHOOL OFFICIALS AND HIS SUBORDINATES)

SEC 1. …at all times show professional courtesy, helpfulness and sympathy towards teachers and other personnel …

SEC 2. …cooperative responsibility to formulate policies or introduce important changes in the system at all levels.

SEC 3. School officials shall encourage and attend the professional growth of all teachers… recommend them for
promotion, giving them due recognition for meritorious performance, and allowing them to participate in conferences in
training programs.

WHAT ARE THE RIGHT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHER? (SEC. 4 R.A. 4670)
50.1 No Provisionary Period preceding regular appointment;
50.2 Consent for Transfer;
50.3 Safeguards in Disciplinary Procedure;
50.4 Administrative Charges shall be heard by a Committee
50.5 teacher shall NOT be required to render more than 6 hours of actual classroom teaching;
50.6 Additional Compensation
50.7 Salary Grade-gradual progression from a minimum to a maximum salary by means of REGULAR INCREMENT
granted automatically every 3 years/satisfactory/ maximum level within ten years.
50.9 Special Hardship Allowance
50.10 Deductions Prohibited
50.11 Medical Examinations and Treatment
50.12 Compensation for Inquiries (Physical and nervous strain is recognized as COMPENSABLE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE;
50.13 Study Leave
50.14.1 Freedom to Organize
50.14.2 Discrimination Against Teachers Prohibited
50.15 Security of Tenure
50.16.1 Productivity Incentive Benefit
50.16.2 Year End Bonus and cash Gift (in service as of 31 of October each year

SEC 4. No school officials shall dismiss or recommend for dismissal a teacher or other subordinates except for cause

SEC 5. …public school teachers are employed in accordance with pertinent civil service rules, …if qualified, subsequent
permanent tenure, in accordance with existing laws, and provided, further that they are duly registered and licensed
professional teachers.

ARTICLE VIII (THE TEACHERS AND LEARNERS)

SEC 1. A teacher has a right and duty to determine the academic marks and the promotion of learners in the subject
they handle

SEC 2. …interest and welfare of learners are of first and foremost concern, and shall deal justifiably and impartially with
each of them

SEC 3. Under no circumstance shall a teacher be prejudiced or discriminate against a learner.

SEC 4. …shall not accept favors or gifts from learners, their parents or others in their behalf in exchange for requested
concessions, especially if undeserved.

SEC 5. …shall not accept, directly or indirectly, any remuneration from tutorials other what is authorized for such service

SEC 6. …evaluation of the learner must be based on the work quality of academic performance.

SEC 7. …where mutual attraction and subsequent love develop between teacher and learner, the teacher shall exercise
utmost professional discretion to avoid scandal, gossip and preferential treatment of the learner.

SEC 8. …shall not conflict corporal punishment offending learners nor make deductions from their scholastic ratings as a
punishment for acts which are clearly not manifested of poor scholarship

SEC 9. A teacher shall ensure that conditions contribute to the maximum development of learners are adequate, and
shall extend needed assistance in preventing or solving learner problems and difficulties.

ARTICLE IX (THE TEACHERS AND PARENTS)

SEC 1. …establish and maintain cordial relations with parents, and shall conduct himself to merit confidence and respect

SEC 2. …shall inform parents, through proper authorities, of the progress and deficiencies of learner under him,
exercising utmost candor and tact in pointing out the learner’s deficiencies.

SEC 3. A teacher shall hear parent complaints with sympathy and understanding, and shall discourage unfair criticism.

ARTICLE X ( THE TEACHER AND THE BUSINESS)

SEC 1. A teacher has the right to engage, directly or indirectly, in legitimate income generation; provided that it does
not relate to or adversely affect his work as a teacher.

SEC 2. …maintain a good reputation with respect to the financial matters such as in the settlement of his debts and loans
in arranging satisfactorily his private financial affairs.
SEC 3. No teacher shall act, directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be financially interested in any commercial venture
which furnish textbooks and other school commodities in the purchase and disposal of which he can exercise official
influence, except only when his assignment is inherently, related to such purchase and disposal; provided they shall be
accordance with the existing regulations; provided, further, that members of the duly recognized teachers cooperatives
mat participate in the distribution and sale of such commodities.

ARTICLE XI (THE TEACHER AS A PERSON)

SEC 1. … highest obligation to live with dignity in all places at all times

SEC 2. … self-respect and self-discipline at the principle of personal behavior in all relationships with others and in all
situations

SEC 3. … maintain at all times a dignified personality which could serve as a model worthy or emulation by learners,
peers and others

SEC 4. … always recognize the Almighty God as guide of his own destiny and of the destinies of men and nations

ARTICLE XII (DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS)

SEC 1. Any violation of any provision of this code shall be sufficient ground for the imposition against the erring teacher
of the disciplinary action consisting of revocation of his Certification of Registration and License as a Professional
Teacher, suspension from the practice of teaching profession, or reprimand or cancellation of his temporary/special
permit under causes specified in Sec. 23, Article iii or R.A. No. 7836, and under Rule 31, Article VIII, of the rules and
Regulations Implementing R.A. 7836

ARTICLE XIII ( EFFECTIVITY)

SEC 1. This code shall take effect upon approval by the Professional Regulation Commission and after sixty (60) days
following its publication in the Official Gazette or any newspaper of general circulation, whichever is earlier.

THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE IN THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATION SYSTEM

DEPED MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

 To carry out its mandates and objectives, the Department is organized into two major structural components.
The CENTRAL OFFICE maintains the overall administration of basic education at the national level. The FIELD
OFFICES are responsible for the regional and local coordination and administration of the Department’s
mandate.

R.A. 9155 (an Act Instituting a Framework of Governance for Basic education, Establishing Authority and accountability,
Renaming the Department of education, Culture and Sports as the Department of Education and for other purposes)
- The Department have no more than four Undersecretaries and four Assistant Secretaries with at least one
Assistant Secretary who are career service officers chosen among the staff of the Department.

DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

 At present, the Department operates with four Undersecretaries in the areas of: (1) Programs and Projects, (2)
Regional Operations (3) Finance and Administration; and (4) Legal Affairs
 Under the Office of the Secretary at the Central Office are the different services, bureaus and centers

SERVICES
 (1) Administrative Service (2) Financial and Management Service (3) Human Resource (4) Development Service
(5) Planning Service (6) Technical Service

BUREAUS
 (1) Bureau of Elementary Education (BEE), responsible for providing access and quality elementary education for
all. It also focuses on social services for the poor and directs public resources and efforts at socially
disadvantaged regions and specific groups. (2) Bureau of Secondary Education (BSE), responsible for providing
access and quality secondary education. Its aims is to enable every elementary graduate to have access to
secondary education (3) Bureau of Non-formal Education (BNFE), responsible for contributing to the
improvement of the poor through literacy and continuing education programs.
CENTERS / UNITS
 (1) National education Testing and Research Center (NETRC), (2) Health and Nutrition Center (HNC), (3) national
Educators Academy of the Philippines (NEAP), (4) Educational Development Projects Implementing Task Force
(EDPITAF) (5) national Science Teaching Instrumentation Center (NSTIC) (6) Instructional Materials Council
Secretariat (IMCS).

SPECIAL OFFICES UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY AT CENTRAL OFFICE

 (1) Adopt-a-School Program secretariat, (2) Center for Students and Co-curricular Affairs, (3) Educational
Technology Unit (4) Task Force Engineering Assessment and Monitoring

OTHER ATTACHED AND SUPPORT AGENCIES

 (1) Teacher Education Council (TEC), (2) Philippine High School for the Arts, (3) Literacy Coordinating Council
(LCC), (4) Instructional Materials Council (IMC)

FIELD OFFICES (Sub-national Level)

 Sixteen (16) Regional Offices, including the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM*), each headed by
a Regional Director (a Regional Secretary in the case of ARMM)
 One hundred fifty-seven (157) Provincial and City Schools Divisions and headed by a School Division
Superintendent.
 Under the supervision of the Schools Division Offices are forty-eight thousand, four hundred forty-six (48,446)
schools, broken down as follows: 40,763 elementary schools (36,234 public and 4,529 private), 7,683 secondary
schools (4,422 public and 3,261 private)

CHED
Objectives: Specifically, CHED aims to achieve the following objectives in the next five years:
a. Improve the relevance of higher educations (HEIs), programs, systems and research to respond to the thrusts of
the Philippine development Plan (PDP), 2011-2016;
b. Upgrade the quality of the higher education institutions, programs and systems in the country towards achieving
international standards
c. Broaden access to quality higher education of those who seek it;
d. Efficiently and effectively manage the higher education system ensuring transparency and integrity in its
programs and activities as its commitment to moral ascendancy; and
e. Strengthen the Commission on Higher Education and other major stakeholders

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF CHED

 Formulate and recommend development plans, policies, priorities and programs on higher education
 Formulate and recommend development plans, policies, priorities and programs
 Recommend to executive and legislative branches priorities and grants on higher education and research
 Set minimum standards for programs and institutions of higher learning recommended by panels of experts in
the field and subject to public hearing and enforced the same;
 Monitor and evaluate the performance of programs and institutions of higher learning for appropriate
incentives as well as the imposition of sanctions such as but no limited to, diminution or withdrawal of subsidy,
recommendation on the downgrading or withdrawal of accreditation, program termination or school course;
 Identify, support and develop potential centers of excellence in program areas needed for the development of
world-class scholarship, nation building and national development;
 Recommend to the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) the budgets of public institutions of higher
learning as well as general guidelines for the use of their income;
 Rationalize programs and institutions of higher learning and set standards, policies and guidelines for the
creation of new ones as well as the conversion or elevation of schools to institutions of higher learning, subject
to budgetary limitations and the number of institutions of higher learning in the province or region where
creation; conversion or elevation is sought to be made;
CHED ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

OFFICE OF THE
TECHNICAL PENELS BOARD OF
CHAIRPERSON AND
ADVISERS
COMMISSIONERS

HEDFS OFFICE OF SUC/LUC’S

CONCERNS
EXECUTIVE OFFICE/
DEPUTY EXECUTIVE
OFFICE

, RESEARCH AND OFFICE OF OFFICE OF

INFORMATIONOFFI PROGRAMS AND STUDENT SERVICES
CE OF POLICY, STANDARDS
PLANNING

ADMINISTRATIVE CHILD LEGAL INTERNATIONAL

AND FINANCIAL SERVICES AFFAIRS SERVICES
SERVICES
CHED REGIONAL
OFFICES

CHED is responsible in the formulation and implementation of policies, plans programs for the development and
efficient operation of the higher education system in the country. The delivery of higher education in the Philippines is
provided by private and public higher education institutions (HEIs). Geographically, there are 2,247 HEIs in the country.

PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

 Established under the Corporation Code

 Governed by the special laws and general provisions of this Code
 Covered by the policies standards and guidelines set by CHED in terms of program offerings, curriculum,
administration and faculty academic qualifications

PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

 STATE Universities and Colleges (SUCs)

 Chartered public higher education institutions established by law
 Administered and financially subsidized by the government
 Have their own charters
 BOARD OF REGENTS (BOR) for the state universities
 BOARD OF TRUSTEES (BOT) for state colleges (BOR and BOT maintain the formulation and approval of policies,
rules and standards in SUC’s.

LOCAL UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES (LUC’s)

 Established by the local government through resolutions or ordinances

 Financially supported by the local government concerned

CHED SUPERVISED INSTITUTIONS (CSI)

 Non-chartered public post-secondary education established by law, administered, supervised and financially
supported by government.

SPECIAL HEIs

 Directly under the government agency stipulated in the law that created them
 Provide specialized training in areas such as military science and national defense
 Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) is the government agency tasked to manage and
supervise technical education and skills development (TESD) in the Philippines. It was created by virtue of Republic Act
7796. Otherwise known as the “Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994”. The said Act integrated the
functions of the former National Manpower and Youth Council (NMYC), the Bureau of Technical Vocational Education of
the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (BTVE-DECS) and the Office of Apprenticeship of the Department of
Labor and Employment.

TESDA is mandated to:

o Integrate, coordinate and monitor skills development programs;

o Restructure efforts to promote and develop middle-level manpower;
o Approve skills standards and tests
o Develop an accreditation system for institutions involved in middle-level manpower development
o Fund programs and projects for technical education and skills development; and
o Assist trainers training programs

Overall, TESDA formulates manpower and skills plans, sets appropriate skills standards and tests, coordinates and
monitors manpower policies and programs and provides policy directions and guidelines for resource allocation for
the TVET institutions in both private and public sectors.

GOVERNACE OF BASIC EDUCATION ACT OF 2001

A bill transforming the name of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of Education
(DepEd) and redefining the role of field offices (regional offices, division offices, district offices and schools)

IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS

PRINCIPLES

 The Department of Education must serve the students and the teachers, its primary constituents
 The principals, school administrators and teachers-in-charge must exercise instructional leadership and sound
administrative management of the school
 The school is the heart of the formal education system
 The parents and the community shall be encouraged for active involvement

POWERS, DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE SECRETARY

 The Secretary of the Department of Education shall exercise overall authority and supervision over the
operations of the Department.
 A. National Level in addition to his/her powers under existing laws, the Secretary of Education shall have
authority, accountability and responsibility for the following:
 Formulating national educational policies
 Formulating a national basic education policies
 Promulgating national educational standards
 Monitoring and assessing national learning outcomes
 Undertaking national educational research and studies
 Enhancing the employment status, professional competence, welfare and working conditions of all
personnel of the Department; and
 Enhancing the total development of learners through local and national programs and/or projects

THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR

There shall be as many regional offices as many be provided by law. Each regional office shall have a director, an
assistant director and office staff for programs promotion and support, planning, administrative, legal and fiscal services.

Section 7. Powers, Duties and Functions

(1) Defining a regional educational policy framework which reflects the values, needs and expectations of the
communities they serve;
(2) Developing a regional basic education plan;
(3) Developing regional educational standards with a view towards bench-marking for international competiveness
(4) Monitoring, evaluating and assessing regional learning outcomes;
 (5) Undertaking research projects and developing and managing region wide projects which may be funded through
official
(6) Ensuring strict compliance with prescribed national criteria for the recruitment, selection and training of all staff
in the region and divisions

THE SCHOOLS DIVISION SUPERINTENDENT

A division shall consist of a province or city which shall have a schools division superintendent. There shall be at least
one assistant schools division superintendent and office staff for programs promotion, planning, administrative, fiscal,
legal, and ancillary and other support services.

DIVISION LEVEL

Consistent with the national educational policies, plans and standards the schools division superintendents shall have
authority. Accountability and responsibility for the following:

(1) Developing and implementing division education development plans,

(2) Planning and managing the effective and efficient use of all personnel, physical and fiscal resources of the
division, including professional staff development;
(3) Hiring, placing and evaluating all division supervisors and schools district supervisors as well as all employees in
the division, both teaching and non-teaching personnel, including school heads, except for the assistant division
superintendent;

SCHOOLS DISTRICT SUPERVISOR

A school district shall have a school district supervisor and office staff for program promotion. The schools district
supervisor shall not exercise administrative supervision over school principals, unless specifically authorized by the
proper authorities.

Section 7. Powers, Duties and Functions

D. SCHOOLS DISTRICT LEVEL

 The schools district supervisor shall be responsible for:

 Providing professional and instructional advice and support to the heads and teachers/facilitators of schools
and learning centers in the district or cluster thereof:
 Curricula supervision; and
 Performing such other functions as may be assigned by proper authorities.

THE SCHOOL HEAD/PRINCIPAL

There shall be school head for all public elementary schools and public high schools or a cluster thereof. The
establishment of integrated school from existing public elementary and public high school shall be encouraged, subject
to the guidelines that will be issued for the purposed by the Secretary of Education.

AUTHORITY, ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SCHOOL HEAD

(1) Setting the mission, vision, goals and objectives of the schools;
(2) Creating an environment within the schools that is conducive to teaching and learning;
(3) Implementing, monitoring and assessing the school curriculum and being accountable for higher learning
outcomes.
(4) Developing the school education program and school improvement plan
(5) Offering educational programs, projects and services which provide equitable opportunities for all learners in
the community;
(6) Introducing new innovative modes of instruction to achieve higher learning outcomes
(7) Administering and managing all personal, physical and fiscal resources of the school
(8) Recommending the staffing complement of the school based on its needs

Alecks 2019