Cardiovascular

Diseases

Presented by
Poom & Bhum 1201
CORONARY
ARTERY DISEASE
WHAT IS IT?

● Blockage of Coronary Artery

○ Narrowing the artery
● Caused by Atherosclerosis
○ Atherosclerosis = The buildup of
plaques
○ Plaques = Cholesterol and fatty
deposits
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS

● High Blood pressure

● High Cholesterol levels
● Smoking
● Obesity
● Inactivity
● Obstructive sleep apnea
● Stress
● Alcohol consumption
HOW DOES IT AFFECT THE BODY?
● Restrict blood flow
○ Physically clogging
○ Causing abnormal function.
● Heart becomes starved of ...
○ Oxygen
○ Vital Nutrients
● Causes …
○ Angina (Chest Pain)
○ Heart Attack
HOW DOES IT AFFECT THE BODY?
● Other Symptoms such as …
○ Pain in the arms or shoulders
○ Shortness of breath
○ Sweating
○ Dizziness
CURE AND PREVENTION

● Lifestyle changes
○ Quit smoking
○ Stay physically active
○ Eat healthier
■ Low-Fat
■ Low-Salt
○ Maintain healthy weight
○ Reduce stress
CURE AND PREVENTION

● Medicines to treat risk factors…

○ High cholesterol
○ High blood pressure
○ Irregular heartbeat
● Surgical procedures
○ Balloon angioplasty
○ Coronary artery bypass grafting
○ Enhanced external counterpulsation
Heart Attack
HEART ATTACK - OVERVIEW

● Occurs when flow of blood to heart is

blocked
● Symptoms ...
○ Chest pain, Shortness of breath, etc
● Main Cause of disease
○ CHD (Coronary Heart / Arteries
Disease)
 CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS

● Age 45 and 55, for men and men

and women, respectively.
● Tobacco uses
● High Blood Pressure
● Obesity
● Family history of heart attack
● etc
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS

● One or more Coronary Arteries becomes

blocked
○ Usually by Cholesterol (Coronary
Arteries Diseases) known as plaque
● Before a heart attack one of the plaque
bursts
● Forms blood clot at the rupture site
● Blood clot blocks blood supply to the
heart
SYMPTOMS
● Pressure, tightness, pain, or a ● Cold sweat

squeezing or aching sensation in ● Fatigue

your chest or arms that may ● Lightheadedness or
spread to your neck, jaw or back sudden dizziness
● Nausea, indigestion, heartburn
or abdominal pain
● Shortness of breath
COMPLICATIONS

● Abnormal Heart Rhythms

● Heart Failure

● Sudden Cardiac Arrest

TREATMENTS
● Medications
○ Aspirin
○ Thrombolytics
○ Other blood-thinning medications
● Surgery
○ Coronary angioplasty and stenting
■ Inserting a metal mesh stent to
keep artery open
○ Coronary artery bypass surgery
■ Sewing blood vessels to a blocked
artery, allowing it to bypass
PREVENTIONS

● Eat healthy and balanced diet

○ Bread
○ Fruits
○ Vegies
○ Fish
● Do not smoke
● Keep blood pressure at a healthy
level (Around 120 / 80)
● Don't drink excessive alcohol
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING
REFERENCES
● Cleveland Clinic. (2020). Coronary Artery Disease. Retrieved from

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronar
y-artery-disease

● Valencia, H. (2018). Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms,

and Treatments. Retrieved from

https://www.healthline.com/health/coronary-artery-disease
REFERENCES
● National Health Service [NHS]. (2018). Coronary artery bypass graft.
Retrieved from

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-artery-bypass-graft-c
abg/

● Heart attack. (2018, May 30). Retrieved from

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/
diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373112