COGNATE CLUSTER

WHAT IS K + 12?
https://www.doncarlocavinaschool.com/why-k-12-what-is-k-12-program/
The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary
education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to
provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and
prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and
entrepreneurship.

WHY K-12 ?
Enhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical. Why?
Poor quality of basic education is reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipino students
in the National Achievement Test and international tests like TIMSS (Trends In Math and
Science Subject); partly due to the congested curriculum; The current 10-year basic education
curriculum is designed to be taught in 12 years.
 Our high school graduates are: > not adequately prepared for the world of work (most of
the basic education graduates are too young to legally enter the labor force (legal age would
be 18)
 not adequately prepared to pursue higher education; or if prepared; end up shifting courses
The 10-year basic education cycle hinders the recognition of Filipino professionals abroad.
 The Washington Accord prescribes 12-years of basic education as an entry to recognition
of engineering professionals.
 The Bologna Process also requires 12 years of education for university admission and
practice of profession in European countries.
The Philippines is the only country in Asia and among the three remaining countries in the
world that has a10-year basic education cycle.
ASEAN Integration 2015 (Philippines, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam)
 wider door for job markets HOWEVER competition will be tougher
 schools and universities have to compete with the world as “global athletes” not just
“barangay warriors”
 DepED, CHED, TESDA and DOLE should see to it that the academic curriculum and
technical skills would fit competition in the world market
The K to12 is Already a Law. REPUBLIC ACT 10533 “Enhanced Basic Education Act of
2013”

Why Push for K-12 Basic Education Program?

K-12 EDUCATION SYSTEM
The K-12 program offers a decongested 12-year program that gives students sufficient time to
master skills and absorb basic competencies.
Students of the new system will graduate at the age of 18 and will be ready for employment,
entrepreneurship, middle level skills development, and higher education upon graduation.
The K-12 program accelerates mutual recognition of Filipino graduates and professionals in
other countries.
Kindergarten is mandatory for five-year-old children, a pre-requisite for admission to Grade 1.
The new curriculum gives students the chance to choose among three tracks (i.e. Academic;
Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts) and undergo immersion, which
provides relevant exposure and actual experience in their chosen track.

OLD SYSTEM
Students lack mastery of basic competencies due to a congested ten-year basic education
curriculum.
 Graduates of the old curriculum are younger than 18 years old and are not legally ready to get
a job or start a business.
Foreign countries perceive a ten-year curriculum as insufficient. They do not automatically
recognize Overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) as professionals abroad.
Kindergarten (a strong foundation for lifelong learning and total development) is optional and
not a pre-requisite for admission to Grade 1.
Old education system offers a broad curriculum that does not include enough pr

WHAT IS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL?

Senior high school or SHS refers to the last two years of the K to 12 program that has been
implemented by the Department of Education here in the Philippines since 2012 – namely,
grades 11 and 12. Students are now required to choose their preferred senior high strands upon
their entrance and to begin studying the subjects that are going to introduce them to the career
path that they want to take.
In the old system here in our county, high school education consisted of the first year up to the
fourth year. Today, those four years correspond to Grades 7 to 10, otherwise known as junior
high school or JHS. It should be noted that currently “senior high” no longer just means the
very last year of high school but rather, the two grade levels after it. Likewise, “junior high”
also does not just mean the year before the last of high school but rather the four grade levels
under senior high.
Under Republic Act No. 10533 or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, students are now
required to complete Kindergarten, Grades 1 to 6 or elementary school, Grades 7 to 10 or junior
high school, and Grades 11 to 12 or senior high school. All of this must be completed in 13
years before a student can receive his or her high school diploma.
Upon enrollment in senior high school, students are also going to have to pick among four
senior high strands or tracks. Choosing the right strand is one of the biggest decisions a student
in the Philippines is going to have to make, so read on and find out how you can best make this
choice.

What You Should Know About Senior High

The K to 12 program that has been implemented by the Department of Education has already
produced three batches of senior high school graduates since it was initially launched in 2012.
However, many parents and even students are still unsure how the senior high system works
and why it has been included in the revised education system.
If you or somebody you know happen to fall into this category, don’t fret. Here are a few things
you should know about senior high here in the Philippines that might be of great help.

 The Importance of Senior High

Today, one of the most important requirements for college admissions is completing senior
high. So if you are planning on studying a four- or five-year degree program at the college of
your dreams, finishing senior high school is a must.
In addition, finishing senior high school also allows students to study general education
subjects that they would not have otherwise studied until their first or second year in college.
This gives the students more time to familiarize themselves with the specialization that they
have chosen if they eventually decide to pursue higher education.
Finishing senior high also plays an important role should you intend to pursue jobs and qualify
for employment in countries where companies require a minimum of 16 years of formal
education as opposed to the 14 years of education under the old system. This also goes the
same for students who are interested in getting their master’s or even doctor’s degree overseas
where most academic institutions also require the 16-year minimum.
 How Long the Duration is

Senior high schools, in this case, grades 11 and 12, spans over two academic years composed
of two semesters each. Each of these semesters is further subdivided into 29 mandatory and 2
elective subjects that each require 80 hours to complete. The exception to this is Health and
P.E. which only take 20 hours each to complete.

 Learning Strands and Career Tracks

The senior high school program is further broken down into learning strands and career tracks.
The learning strands in senior high school refer to the different areas of expertise under the
program while the career tracks refer to the general categories that each different field of study
belongs to.
There are currently four career tracks composed of Academic, TVL/TVE, Arts and Design,
and Sports. The eight learning strands, meanwhile, are STEM, HUMMS, ABM, GAS, Home
Economics, Agri-fishery Arts, Industrial Arts, and ICT. All of these will be further discussed
down below.

 Breaking Down the Curriculum

Generally, the senior high school curriculum is composed of 31 subjects in total, 15 of which
are part of the core subjects that every student is going to have to take no matter what the senior
high strand they chose is. The exception to this is the DIsaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
subject as well as the Earth Science Subject which are only for students that are taking the
STEM senior high strand.
For the rest of the subjects, seven are contextualized or applied subjects which means that while
these subjects are also taken by every student regardless of the senior high track they chose,
the subjects are slightly modified to suit the individual specializations better.
Lastly, nine of the subjects are specialized which means that for the most part, these are taken
exclusively by the students who have chosen that particular career track and senior high strand.
The exception to this would be the subjects under the HUMSS strand which can be taken by
students as electives even if they are taking other career tracks and learning strands.

 Career Track Requirements

Before you choose your senior high strand or career track, the results of your pre-admission
screening of the senior high school you intend to enroll at as well as your NCAE should both
be favorable.
For instance, anybody can choose to enroll in the HUMMS, ABM, and General Academic
strands along with the various strands under the TVL and TLE tracks regardless of the results
of the NCAE. But in order to qualify for the STEM strand, a student needs to have a final grade
of 85 percent in both Science and Mathematics as well as a percentile rank of 86 and above in
the STEM subtest of the NCAE.
Should you choose to pursue the arts and design and sports tracks, you need to score a percentile
rank of 51 and above in your corresponding NCAE subtests as well as pass the skills test that
will be administered by the school that you wish to enroll in.

 Tuition Fees

Similar to college, the tuition fees for senior high schools can vary depending on the school.
The Department of Education offers vouchers which can be used by incoming senior high
school students to enroll in their public or private senior high school of choice. The value of
this voucher can range between PHP 8,750 to PHP 22,500 per year, depending on the area
where their senior high school of choice is located and the type of junior high school that they
graduated from.
However, it should be pointed out that even though the voucher can be used to enroll in both
private and public senior high schools, you should do a little bit more research first in order to
get an idea of how much you need to pay for before you send in your enrollment application.
While the voucher is typically enough to cover a large portion of the tuition fee, and sometimes
even more, in a public school, this can only cover a small portion of the tuition fee in a lot of
private schools.

WHAT WILL SOCIETY GAIN FROM THIS PROGRAM?

Promoting Global Competence: Advantages of K to 12 for the Philippines

https://www.enderuncolleges.com/k-12

Five years ago, the Philippines was the only country in Southeast Asia which provided just 10
years of basic education to its population but ever since the K to 12 implementation, the country
has joined its neighbors in adopting an education system which will provide more opportunities
to students on a global scale. Continued reform in the education sector is essential but with the
K to 12 program, this has put the country on the right track.
When people heard news of the K-12 program implementation in the country, it received mixed
reactions. Suddenly, there was a combination of backlashes and praise in the background with
the students left puzzled on whose voice to listen to. There are still challenges and standards of
quality to consider but the important thing is to establish that development is present as a result
of the new program. Now that the K to 12 system is fully implemented in the country, how did
it affect the Philippine education system? And was it successful in its objectives prior to
implementation?

Overview of K to 12
K stands for kindergarten and 12 refers to the succeeding 12 years of basic education, which is
why it is called K to 12. The 12 years of basic education comprises of 6 years of elementary
education, 4 years of junior high school, and 2 years of senior high school. The K-12 program
offers a decongested 12-year program for the students which aims to give them sufficient time
to master skills and acquire basic competencies with the goal of being competitive on a global
scale. Students of the new system will be equipped with the skills required to be ready for
employment, entrepreneurship, middle-level skills development, and higher education even if
they intend to do so after graduation.
The K to 12 program promotes global competency by accelerating mutual recognition of
Filipino graduates and professionals in other countries. The new curriculum allows students to
choose between three tracks which are the Academic, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, and
the Sports and Arts strand. It will also give students opportunities to undergo immersions, have
relevant exposure to a variety of industries, and to have experience in their chosen track.
Whereas the old curriculum offers a broad and linear curriculum, it did not include enough
practical applications like the K-12 does.
Starting with Kindergarten as the foundation for lifelong learning and development, the 12-
year curriculum aims to give students the journey in education that they deserve. Foreign
countries perceive that a ten-year curriculum in the education department is insufficient that is
why many Filipinos abroad are not recognized professionals. With the new curriculum,
graduates are fully equipped with the skills which can help them stand out on a global scale
and compete accordingly according to international standards.
Advantages of K to 12 to the Philippine Education Sector
There are plenty of advantages to the new curriculum of the K to 12 program and most of them
put the Filipino student at the forefront of the educational agenda. The K to 12 curricula in the
Philippines will put Filipino students at par with the rest of the world. This would be a testament
that an investment in education is the key toward reaching national growth and development.
There is still a challenge in accepting the K to 12 system as a curriculum but with these
advantages, doing so would require less difficulty. There are some people who still think that
the K to 12 system is just a stretched curriculum with barely any changes from the old
curriculum. The curriculum is more than that, as it clearly focuses on enhancing the students’
progress and their future.
Here are some of the benefits that students can receive from the curriculum:

PREPAREDNESS FOR TERTIARY LEARNING

With the adaptation of the K to 12 program, students are expected to graduate at an age that is
a bit older than past graduates of the old curriculum. According to DepEd, this would be an
advantage to the young adults venturing out into the professional world because they would be
much more equipped to deal with the higher level of learning as they enter college. With this,
they can choose to continue their education to higher forms which will be another great journey
to access essential learning developments.

READINESS TO JOIN THE WORKFORCE

Unlike the old system, K to 12 can make students more prepared in joining the workforce. The
new curriculum has this benefit because they compel each student to be enthusiastic about the
workforce and the scheme empowers students to make a choice on their own. They may or may
not pursue a college program especially if they have chosen a track other than the academic
track. Senior high school students need not fret if they would like to explore other fields aside
from their own because they get to choose electives that can also hone their skills in certain
areas that they are interested in.

SKILL COMPETENCY IN THE GLOBAL JOB MARKET

The K to 12 system aims to improve Filipino students’ skills in mathematics, science, and
linguistics to further exhibit competence in the global job market. With the new curriculum,
the Department of Education promises to offer higher quality education through the strands.
Each track will give the students enough time to master a field and enhance their skills in that
respective industry and by the end of the curriculum, K to 12 graduates will be ready to become
globally competitive and are set to obtain a spot in the meticulous labor market.

K TO 12 IS A LEARNER-CENTERED CURRICULUM
K to 12 as a student-centered curriculum can influence the students to take a more active role
in the learning process. With the freedom and the flexibility to choose what they will learn,
how they will learn, and how they can evaluate your own learning, this would be a way to teach
them about independence and how to be a reliable member of a team. Not only will this make
learning very enjoyable and easier for students, it will also help address diverse needs which
include special cases and those that come from indigenous groups which make this education
system very inclusive for everyone.

K TO 12 FOSTERS GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Unlike the previous education system, K to 12 offers more opportunities for employment
and entrepreneurship. Many schools in the Philippines are slowly implementing this.
Graduates of the new system can instantly get a job after they receive their certificates and
passing competency-based assessments. On the other hand, they can set up their own business
or continue their education in college. All the options will help every student to step up in
improving their competence, skills, and professional characteristics.

The Role of K to 12 to Students and their Parents

It is a sad reality that there are students who drop out of high school without graduating which
leaves them unemployed and at risk of facing difficulties. Parents, educators, employers, and
students themselves hold the responsibility of making sure that this does not happen and that
they secure a future for themselves. K to 12 plays a vital role for students and their parents in
ensuring that they would be competitive in the workforce and thus generates progressiveness
for the whole family in this economy.

LEARN HOW TO SOCIALIZE

It is a given that schools are major agents of socialization. One of the things that young people
who drop out of school can miss out on is being a part of a group with peers who understand
and support them. Not to mention that educators also function as role models and a figure of
authority that can keep the attitude and behavior of students in check. With K to 12, they
recognize that this is a primary function of learning and they provide more avenues for students
to socialize. Without the positive influence of the educational institution, an individual can find
himself in difficult situations during their socialization process. Social skills are needed in a
work environment and basically, in ensuring that you have the proper disposition to go through
life. Going to school is an important part of this process this is what K to 12 aims to foster in
the curriculum.

TEACHES RESPECT
School teaches students to recognize authority figures not out of fear but out of respect. This
values the discipline that a student nurtures and this will come in handy when they eventually
have authority figures in their future jobs. A student who knows how to respect teachers and
school personnel will easily adapt to the workplace and in other social aspects of adult life.
Knowing respect and discipline by heart is vital in becoming successful as working adults or
even when planning to form a healthy household.

MASTER BASIC SKILLS

Basic skills such as reading and writing are the main benefits of K to 12 education. Adults who
do not master these skills usually go through a process of learning how to read and write before
landing a good job, making the situation even more difficult for them. Acquiring basic math
skills is also another benefit of a good education—math skills can help individuals balance
their budget, look for the best prices in the market, figure out the best paying jobs or how to
file taxes properly. Having a good grasp on these skills all boils down to receiving a solid
education and having a strong foundation from it.

ACQUIRE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Learning general knowledge is one of the perks that you can get from an education. The
knowledge of history, geography, science or literature can be exhilarating, and it can greatly
enrich one’s life. All that useful information can have more value than material things because
someone who learns can probably feel more fulfilled. This will keep them in the course of their
lives with the constant enthusiasm to learn new things which will help in the individual’s
progress towards growth. Someone who does not acquire a desire for learning will miss out on
discovering the richness of other lifestyles and cultures.

K TO 12 PROVIDES OPTIONS
Getting a K to 12 education can open new doors and increase the chance of finding a stable
job. Students can get the opportunity to build a network, acquire more skills, and find the career
that they really love. K to 12 can get students the access to all these great opportunities and
have a fulfillment during this learning experience. Obtaining a K to 12 diploma will make
students more likely to be hired because employers usually assume that someone who
completed the K to 12 curriculum has the basic skills necessary for the job, have adequate
communication skills, can get along with the rest of the team and follow objectives like they
are supposed to.

In conclusion, the many benefits of K to 12 education include basic skills such as being able to
read, write, count, communicate, and interact with others. Getting this kind of education not
only helps your chances of landing a respectable job—it also helps you in developing the life
skills you will need on your journey towards growth. Having a good education, finding a good
career, adapting in the workplace, becoming a stable adult, and raising a family; that sounds
like the dream, right? School might be overlooked but its importance is unparalleled. As parents
or educators, their roles are just as vital as the learning process that students get from the four
walls of a classroom, their job is to help the young people understand the importance of their
lifestyle in school.
This is why you should find the most reliable educational institution that not only gives your
children the highest quality of education but equips them with the values which are essential
for making it in the real world as well.

http://k12philippines.com/three-practical-benefits-of-the-philippines-k-to-12-curriculum/

The implementation of K-12 curriculum in the country drew negative reactions from various
societal groups. Since 2011, critics have been very vocal on their primary concerns. They insist
the government isn’t yet ready for this new system and that this is more of additional burden
to students and their parents.
Despite calls to suspend the program, the government remained firm saying this new
educational system offers opportunities for Filipino students and the national economy.
For its part, the Department of Education (DepEd) stresses that the country is prepared for a
big shift in education system. In fact, it has worked to fulfill the gaps on the number of
classrooms, teachers, and textbooks. Also, it has finished the planning phases along with
stakeholders.

But what does K-12 scheme really has to offer to students?

To prove that K-12 system is more than just adding two more years to high school, below are
three of the many practical benefits of schooling under a 13-year education cycle:
Preparedness for tertiary learning – With adaptation of K-12 scheme, students are expected to
graduate at age a bit older than past graduates’. This is an advantage, according to DepEd, as
graduates will be considered young adults. Hence, they will be more equipped to deal with
much higher level of learning as they enter college education.
Readiness to join the workforce – Unlike the old system, K-12 does not compel each student
to take college after completing Senior High School (SHS). In fact, this scheme empowers
students to make a choice on their own. They may not pursue college education especially if
they have chosen a track other than academic track. The good thing is SHS graduates will be
equipped with skills (through electives) that will make them good at certain field(s).
Skill competency in the global job market – K-12 system aims to improve Filipino students’
mathematical, scientific, and linguistic competence. With the new curriculum, DepEd
promised to offer higher quality education through tracks. Each track will give students enough
time to master a field and enhance their skills. In the end, K-12 graduates will become globally
competitive and are set to obtain spot in the stiff labor market.
The government believes that K to 12 curriculum in the Philippines will put Filipino students
at par with the rest of the world. Truly, investing in education is the key toward reaching
national growth and development.
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-issues-on-the-implementation-of-K-12-in-the-Philippines

ISSUES AND PROBLEMS:

First issue would be the cost of additional two years of primary education. Not all public
schools can accommodate the different strands of the K-12 so the government gave “discount
coupons” to public school students to cover part of the costs that private schools set for Grades
11 and 12. Even if it were free, the cost that two additional years entail is still a serious issue
for several parents.
Second, I’m not sure if the Education Department spread out the lessons for the primary school
years to lengthen the program or added new lessons coming from the tertiary levels, but the
load of my grade 2 daughter has certainly not gotten any lighter compared to my grade 12 son
when he was grade 2. I expected it to ease up. Maybe strengthened the important ones and
lightened up other subjects. Subject to debate as to which subjects of course. Take Math for
example. Some or many say that our students are lagging behind other Asian countries like
Singapore. So what do regular schools do or what does the curriculum say? They accelerate
the program by giving multiplication and fraction problems early into the primary years. My
daughter’s lessons confirm that. My daughter has also competed in a massive math quiz game
sponsored by a company that espouses Singaporean math. So why did they compete when they
were not given Singaporean methods of learning math which is apparently or reportedly more
effective. Why does the Education Department continue on with an accelerated traditional math
than just adopting Singaporean math (they allowed the contests anyway)? Is there a business
side to it - let’s keep your kids dumb so we can promote alternative (better) maths that are
obviously better than ours which costs extra of course(?)
Third, graduating grade 12 students who decide to skip college and find a job would be
swimming right smack into the unemployment pool; I’m almost certain they wouldn’t drown
cause the pool’s all filled up most likely. They’re gonna be in there with the all the other job-
hunting undergrads and graduates.
My point is that the program, which was hastily started, brings about more
difficulties/questions than solutions. I’m not against it but I’m against how it is being
implemented. The first glaring defect is that not even all public high schools offer the program
and those that do, don’t have complete strands of grades 11 to 12. State college education is
now free, so why shouldn’t all strands of K-12 be available and given free?

K-12: The unresolved issues

https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/04/17/k-12-unresolved-issues.html

(CNN Philippines) — It's been nearly three years since the government began implementing
its K-12 educational reform program — but the policy continues to have its share of detractors.
Last March, a coalition of teachers and staff of higher educational institutions around the
Philippines petitioned the Supreme Court to suspend the K-12 law.
The program adds two years of senior high school to the country's basic education system
which allow senior high school students to specialize in one of three tracks: academic,
technical-vocational-livelihood, and sports and arts.
In a statement, the Suspend K12 Coalition said that the K-12 program does not take into
account the labor rights of teaching and nonteaching staff who will be displaced by the
program.
"Unless full protection of labor is ensured and the attack on security of tenure is ensured and
the attack on security of tenure and other rights is avoided, the K-12 Law becomes a justice
and peace issue."
As head of the coalition, Professor Rene Tadle of the University of Santo Tomas told CNN
Philippines that the group agrees with the objectives of the program. Nevertheless, he said that
the law should be suspended because the government is not yet prepared to implement it,
especially with regard to labor.
"It [the law] only mentioned the word labor once...The law is incomplete in far as to address
[the issue of] labor displacement."
However, Jesus Mateo, assistant secretary of planning and development of the Department of
Education, told CNN Philippines that the government has set in place programs to
accommodate displaced workers.
Mateo points to estimates showing that about 13,000 teaching staff will lose their jobs over a
five-year period, including nearly 11,000 nonteaching staff.
However he says that the government will set aside funding over the next several years to
support a transition fund and several other programs. About P20 billion in funding has been
slated for 2016, as well as P26.7 billion for 2017.
Before K-12, the government said that the Philippines was the last country in Asia and one of
only three countries worldwide with a 10-year pre-university cycle. Mateo says that "It is meant
to ensure that we develop as a country and be competitive in the global market."

Problems Encountered in K to 12 Curriculum

(by CIRILO B. BALA, JR. 7/20/2017)

http://www.deped-ne.net/?page=news&action=details&opt=popup&REFECODE=ARPRO2017070002
RA 10533 also known as the Enhanced Basic Education K to 12 Curriculum is now fully
implemented from Kindergarten to Grade 12 and we found that there are some problems
met in connection with its implementation. These are the insufficient instructional
materials and there are no teacher’s manuals, some classrooms are already congested or
lack of available classroom for growing number of students, our newly – hired teachers
although many of them are highly knowledgeable in the subject matter, but they need to
develop their teaching skills, the different pedagogical approaches.

The introduction of new grading system; classroom assessment, the new way of selecting
honor students; awards and recognition guidelines created confusions and complaints
from the parents. Some of them are still insisting the recent policy pertaining the giving
of additional points for the extra and co – curricular activities of their children, the
students. Parents are not fully informed and there are many questions arising in their
mind that we need to address. Another problem is the lack of available partners of the
public schools that will provide appropriate immersion program to our grade 12 students.
It is necessary that the school should have partnership in different industries related to the
courses offered and approved by high authority.

Another problem is the need of teachers to be trained on pedagogy, educational research,

measurement and evaluation and classroom management. Basically, newly – hired
teaching personnel are not actually BS Education graduates. They only have four – year
course diploma before being inducted into service. Lack of competence is a serious
concern that we must address immediately. Nevertheless, many professionals were really
attracted to the positions offered by the DepEd considering the high salary offered to
them. But the problem is they do not know how to transfer the learning from them to
their respective students. Aside from this, some teachers also have low commitment; they
do not love their work and seriously not happy in their present situation.
For the meantime, we are doing our best to cope with our needs searching some activities
in LRMDS, educational websites and other supplementary books that will help us to meet
the needs of our learners. Schools administrators should guide them in choosing
appropriate portals that can be accessed from the internet. DepEd provides technical
assistance to our teachers in looking for alternative or remedy to their problems. All
difficulties can be solved and eased its implications.

Schools must strengthen their partnerships with the private sectors, our local industries.
They will serve as venue of the immersion program of our senior high school students as
part of their requirement for graduation. Experiential learning is really important for our
students and this can be provided through linkages, this must be enhanced by our school
administrators.

Our teachers shall undergo in – service trainings, local workshops and schools based
seminars on pedagogical approaches to improve their teaching skills. School
administrators will facilitate periodic learning action cell activities to further develop the
skills of our teachers. Regular monitoring and evaluation also help our teachers to
improve their teaching performance and address their issues and concerns.