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Osmoregulation
Marine Fish: hypoosmotic
Less salt than external
H2O continually leaves body environment

continually
drinks
seawater

excretes salt
through gills
produces small amts
of dilute urine

Osmoregulation (freshwater fish:

hyperosmotic)
H2O continually enters body

does not
drink water

More salt than external

produces large amts environment
of dilute urine

1
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Strategies to remove Nitrogenous Waste

Nitrogenous Wastes

LAND ANIMALS

Protonephridia
of a flatworm

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Malpighian tubules
of an insect
 Vertebrate Kidneys

 Function in osmoregulation and excretion

3
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FIG. 30.4

Structure of the kidney

MAMMALIAN KIDNEY

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF

NEPHRON