Boyle's Law

The Soda Can or Bottle

Typically when we open a bottle of soda, we slowly turn the cap to allow the air
to escape before we completely remove the lid. We do this because we've learned over
time that twisting it open too fast causes it to fizz up and spill all over. This happens
because the liquid is pumped full of carbon dioxide, causing it to bubble up as the CO2
makes its escape. When a soda bottle is filled, it is also pressurized. Much like the aerosol
can mentioned earlier, when you slowly open the cap, the gas is able to increase its
volume and the pressure decreases. Normally you can let the gas out of a can or bottle
release cleanly, but if the bottle is shaken up and the gas is mixed into the liquid, then
you may have a mess on your hands. This is because the gas trying to escape is mixed
into the fluid, so, when it does escape, it brings the foamy fluid out with it. Pressure in the
bottle goes down, volume of the gas goes up, and you have yourself a mess to clean up.
Boyle's Law

The Syringe
This mechanism is far more simple than a can of spray paint. Syringes of all types
utilize Boyle's law on a very basic level. When you pull the plunger out on a syringe, it
causes the volume within the chamber to increase. As we know, this causes the pressure
to do the opposite, which then creates a vacuum. When a syringe is empty, the vacuum
within the chamber sucks fluid in through the needle.
Charles’s Law

Bakery
Charle’s Law finds its way into our kitchens as well. In case you have ever tried your
hand at baking, you might be familiar with the substance most commonly used in
cooking, i.e., the yeast. Yeast is often used in baking to make the bakery products fluffy.
Yeast is responsible for releasing carbon dioxide bubbles. These carbon dioxide bubbles
expand further with high temperature. The expansion of the carbon dioxide bubbles with
an increase in temperature works as a leavening agent and cause the bakery products
to become fluffy.
Charles’s Law

Ping Pong Ball

In case you play Ping Pong, chances are that you might have frequently come
across a dented Ping Pong ball. How have you troubleshot such situation? You might
have let your Ping Pong ball float on warm water for some time. Have you ever wondered
why you do so? When you let your ball float on hot water, the temperature of the air
inside the ball also increases; which, in turn, leads to an increase in the volume of the gas.
Therefore, the shape of the ball is restored.
Gaylussac's Law

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
A fire extinguisher consists of a long cylinder with an operating lever at the top.
Inside the cylinder is a tube of carbon dioxide surrounded by a quantity of water, which
creates pressure around the CO 2 tube. A siphon tube runs vertically along the length of
the extinguisher, with one opening near the bottom of the water. The other end opens in
a chamber containing a spring mechanism attached to a release valve in the CO 2 tube.
The water and the CO 2 do not fill the entire cylinder: as with the soda can, there is "head
space," an area filled with air. When the operating lever is depressed, it activates the
spring mechanism, which pierces the release valve at the top of the CO 2 tube. When
the valve opens, the CO 2 spills out in the "head space," exerting pressure on the water.
This high-pressure mixture of water and carbon dioxide goes rushing out of the siphon
tube, which was opened when the release valve was depressed. All of this happens, of
course, in a fraction of a second—plenty of time to put out the fire.
Gaylussac's Law

AEROSOL CANS
Aerosol cans are similar in structure to fire extinguishers, though with one important
difference. As with the fire extinguisher, an aerosol can includes a nozzle that depresses
a spring mechanism, which in turn allows fluid to escape through a tube. But instead of
a gas cartridge surrounded by water, most of the can's interior is made up of the product
(for instance, deodorant), mixed with a liquid propellant. The "head space" of the aerosol
can is filled with highly pressurized propellant in gas form, and in accordance with Henry's
law, a corresponding proportion of this propellant is dissolved in the product itself. When
the nozzle is depressed, the pressure of the propellant forces the product out through the
nozzle. A propellant, as its name implies, propels the product itself through the spray
nozzle when the latter is depressed. In the past, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—
manufactured compounds containing carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms—were the
most widely used form of propellant. Concerns over the harmful effects of CFCs on the
environment, however, has led to the development of alternative propellants, most
notably hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), CFC-like compounds that also contain hydrogen atoms.
Combined Gas Law

Scuba Diving
One example of the combined gas law applies to scuba diving. In scuba divers,
human lungs are the container that hold the gas. The pressure in water is greater than
pressure in air, and water pressure increases with depth. With each additional foot that
divers descend, water pressure rises. Therefore, divers must make adjustments to maintain
the proper pressure balance between their lungs and the water. This change must also
take place gradually to create an equilibrium. If a diver with full lungs ascends rapidly on
a warm day, the volume of air in the lungs can expand quickly. Therefore, he or she must
exhale quickly to allow gas in the lungs to escape.
Combined Gas Law

Refrigeration
Another instance of the combined gas law applying to daily life is refrigeration.
Refrigerators apply the combined gas law when they remove heat from their systems.
The process of refrigeration starts when the compressed gas stored in refrigerator coils
expands. This in turn lowers the temperature of the gas and transfers heat energy from
the coil material to the gas. As gas is pumped through the coils, its pressure compresses
the heat energy. This raises the temperature of the gas. Heat is released through the coils
into the outside air, which in turn allows the refrigerator to stay cool. The cycle repeats
when compressed gas is pumped through the system again.
Ideal Gas Law

Ideal Gas Laws and Airbags

Another example of ideal gas laws in daily life involve airbags in vehicles. Ideal gas laws
are responsible for the working mechanics of airbags. As airbags deploy, they fill quickly
with the right kinds of gases to make them inflate and then inflate properly as the vehicle
crashes. When airbags inflate, they are filled with nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas is
produced through a reaction with a substance called sodium azide. The nitrogen
reaction produces several byproducts, which are nitrogen gas and sodium metal.
Nitrogen gas is used to fill the airbags, while sodium metal becomes useful when it
undergoes a reaction with potassium nitrate. This reaction neutralizes the sodium, which
produces enough gas so that the airbag is inflated but not overfilled. Most vehicles have
airbags that are located in front of the driver's seat and passenger seats, which protect
occupants in the event of a head-on crash. Some vehicles also have airbags along the
sides of the passenger seats, which are called side airbags. These airbags are usually
located above the windows, and they help protect passengers' heads in the event of a
crash.
Ideal Gas Laws

Planes and Buildings

One environment where ideal gas laws are useful is in commercial buildings.
Ventilation units must be installed in any commercial building where air ventilation is not
otherwise adequate enough to maintain a balance between the amount of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in a building. The amount of ventilation that a building needs depends
on the number of people in the building and their activity levels. Buildings with more
human activity naturally need more ventilation than buildings where there are fewer
people or fewer people moving around. Ideal gas laws are also at work in closed, sealed
areas like airplanes where there must be a proper pressure balance between the air
inside and outside the aircraft. Information on the average pressure in the cabin and the
surrounding atmosphere, along with the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere and
the ideal gas laws, indicate how much oxygen is required to maintain the proper
equilibrium between the air inside and outside the cabin and keep the air in the cabin
fresh.
Manito National High School

Manito, Albay

S.Y. 2019-2020

Submitted by:
Tiffany Mae Dagsil
10-Emerald

Submitted to:
Mrs. Maylen Loquinerio
Science Teacher