sGr13TG Biology PDF

w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<&
Ôj úoHdj
13 fY%aKsh
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
^2018 jif¾ isg ls%hd;aul fõ&
úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j
úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
www.nie.lk
uqøKh yd fnodyeÍu - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<&
Ôj úoHdj
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
13 fY%K
a sh
m%:u uqøKh 2018
© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j
úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
www.nie.lk
uqøKh ( pïmsld m%skg

a ¾ia
fkd'343" fld<U mdr" l=reKE.,
ii
iii
wOHlaI ckrd,a mKsúvh
cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska ks¾foaYs; cd;sl wOHdmk wruqKq idlaId;a lr
.ekSu iy fmdÿ ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh uQ,sl wruqKq iys;j tjlg meje;s wka;¾.;h
mokï jQ úIhud,dj kùlrKhg Ndckh fldg j¾I wglska hq;= pl%hlska iukaú;
kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq jk wÈhr" j¾I 2007 § cd;sl wOHdmk
wdh;kh úiska YS% ,xldfõ m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,È'
m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jQ lreKq o" wOHdmkh ms<sn| úúO md¾Yaj bÈßm;a l<
fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k isÿ lrk úIhud,d ;d¾lSlrK ls%hdj,shl m%;sM,hla
f,i úIhud,d pl%fha fojeks wÈhr wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd §u 2015 jif¾ isg
wdrïN lr we;'
fï ;d¾lSlrK ls%hdj,sfha § ish¨ úIhj, ksmqK;d mokï uÜgfï isg Wiia uÜgu
olajd l%udkql+,j f.dvkeÕSu i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria ifudaOdk l%uh
Ndú; lr we;s w;r" úúO úIhj, § tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;a ùu
yels;dla wju lsÍu" úIh wka;¾.;h iSud lsÍu iy ls%hd;aul l< yels YsIH ñ;=re
úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ifudaOdk l%uh Ndú; lr we;'
.=re Nj;=kag mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfhys id¾:lj ksr; ùu"
mka;s ldur ñkqï yd we.hSï m%fhdackj;a mßÈ fhdod .ekSu i|yd wjYH jk ud¾f.damfoaY
,nd §fï wruqKska kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY y÷kajd § we;' mka;s ldurh ;=< § jvd;a
M,odhs .=rejrhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug fï .=re ud¾f.damfoaY .=reNj;=kag Wmldß jkq
we;' isiqkaf.a ksmqK;d j¾Okh i|yd .=Kd;aul fhojqï yd ls%hdldrlï f;dard .ekSug
.=rejrekag wjYH ksoyi fï u`.ska i,id § ;sfí' tfuka u ks¾foaYs; mdG .%ka:j,
we;=<;a jk úIh lreKq ms<sn| jeä nr ;eîula fï .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj, wka;¾.;
fkd fõ'
;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd kj mdG .%ka:j, uQ,sl

wruqK jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka ñ§" isiq flakaøSh iy jvd;a ls%hdldrlï
u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg t<öu uÕska jev f,dalhg wjYH jkakd jQ ksmqK;d
yd l=i,;dj,ska hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh lsÍuhs' kj úIh
ks¾foaY iy .=re ud¾f.damfoaY iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha Ydia;S%h
lghq;= uKav,fha o" wdh;k iNdfõ o" rpkfha § odhl;ajh iemhQ ish¨ iïm;aodhlhka
yd fjk;a md¾Yajhkaf.a o buy;a lem ùu we.hSug o fuh wjia:djla lr .kq
leue;af;ñ'
wdpd¾h à'ta'wd¾'fÊ' .=Kfialr

wOHlaI ckrd,a
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
iv
fmrjok
iudc m%.ukfhys,d uyÕ= fufyjrl kshef,kakka w;r .=rejre m%uqL

fj;s' iajlSh Ôú;h ilia lr .ekSu i|yd orejkag u. fmkajkafkda
.=rejre h'
2017 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul flfrk kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wÞ< Wiiafm<

b.ekaùï lghq;= id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd .=rejrekag myiqlï iemhSfï
wruq‚ka fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh uqøKh lr fnÞyeÍug wOHdmk m%ldYk
fomd¾;fïka;=j lghq;= lrhs' cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh u.ska iïmdÈ;
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh" orejkag ukd bf.kqï mßirhla ks¾udKh lr
§ug wjYH u. fmkaùu .=rejreka jk Tn fj; ,nd fokq we;ehs hkak
udf.a úYajdihhs'
fï m%h;akh h:d¾:hla jkafka fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kfhka

,nk mßph bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd fhdÞ .ekSug ork W;aidyh
u; h' tA ioa ld¾hh i|yd lem ù isák Tng udf.a f.!rjh msßkuñ'
ví,s õ'ã' moa ñ Ks kd,sl d "

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
biqremdh"
n;a;ruq,a,'
2018'03'28
v
wkqYdil;ajh ( wdpd¾h à'ta'wd¾'fÊ' .=Kfialr ñh - wOHlaI ckrd,a
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
wëlaIKh ( ta' ã' ta' o is,ajd uhd

wOHlaI" úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
úIh kdhl;ajh ( tÉ'tï' udmd.=Kr;ak ñh

fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
mS'à'tï'fla'iS' f;kakfldaka fuúh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
wNHka;r iïm;a odhl;ajh

mS'à'tï'fla'iS' f;kakfldaka fuúh - iyldr lÓldpd¾h" úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j
mS' wÉpqoka uhd - iyldr lÓldpd¾h" úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j
ã'taÉ'ta'hQ' iqukfialr ñh - iyldr lÓldpd¾h" úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j
úIhud,d lñgqj -
ta'ã'ta' o is,ajd uhd - wOHlaI" úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j" cd'w'wd
tÉ'tï' udmd.=Kr;ak ñh - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j
uydpd¾h tï'fÊ'tiaa' úfÊr;ak uhd- fcHIaG uydpd¾h - i;a;aj úoHd yd
mdßißl l<ukdlrKh" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h'
wdpd¾h tia'tï'ví' rxj, ñh - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" Ydl úoHd wOHdmk
wxYh" fld<U úYajúoHd,h
uydpd¾h ã'tiaa'taa' úfÊiqkaor uhd - m¾fhaIK uydpd¾h" cd;sl uQ,sl wOHdmk
wdh;kh
uydpd¾h î'Ô'ã'tka'fla' o is,ajd uhd- fcHIaG uydpd¾h" i;a;aj úoHd
fomd¾;fïka;j = "
YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h
uydpd¾h tia' wfíisxy uhd - fcHIaG uydpd¾h" fomd¾;fïka;= m%Odks"
WoaNso úoHd wxYh" reyqKq úYajúoHd,h
tï'tka't*a' kiaßhd ñh - iyldr wOHlaI" úoHd wxYh"
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
mS'tÉ'tka' l=,;s,l ñh - foaú nd,sld úoHd,h" fld<U 08'
jhs'tï'mS'fla' hdmd ñh - iyldr flduidßia" wOHdmk m%ldYk
fomd¾;fïka;=j'
vi
ndysr iïm;a odhl;ajh
î' .fkaYodia ñh - .=re fiajh -I" ã'tia' fiakdkdhl úÿy,"
fld<U 08'
mS'ta'fla' fmf¾rd ñh - .=re fiajh - I, ^úY%dñl&
tï'wd¾'mS'wd¾' niakdhl ñh - .=re fiajh - I" ^úY%dñl&
ta' whs,mafmreu uhd - .=re fiajh - I, ^úY%dñl&
tÉ'taa' tia' Ô' fmf¾rd ñh - .=re fiajh - II - I, isßudfjda nKavdrkdhl
nd,sld úÿy," fld<U 07'
tia'ã'mS' nKavdr ñh - .=re fiajh - I" ^úY%dñl&
iS'ù'tia' fvfjdagd ñh - .=re fiajh - I"
oïñiair uOH uyd úoHd,h" kd;a;Kaäh
NdId ixialrKh - ch;a mshoiqka

ksfhdacH m%Odk Wml¾;D" is¿ñK" f,alayjqia
ljrh yd mß.Kl msgq ieliqu - wd¾' wd¾' fla' m;srK ñh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
úúO iydh - moaud ùrj¾Ok - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ux., je,smsáh - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
rxð;a ohdjxY - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
vii
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia
j¾I 2015 § y÷kajd ÿka oaú;Shsl wOHdmk m%;sixialrKj,g wod<j j¾I 2017 §
Wiia fm< i|yd kj wOHdmk m%;sixialrK y÷kajd§u l< hq;=j we;' ta wkqj Wiia fm<
cSj úoHdj úIh hgf;a 13 fYa%Ks i|yd kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh y÷kajd fokq ,efí'
13 fYa%Ksj, cSj úoHdj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfhys jHQyh my; mßÈ ilia lr
;sfí' tla ksmqK;djla hgf;a ksmqK;d uÜgï lsysmhla we;' tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgu
hgf;a ld,Éfþo .Kk" bf.kqï M, iy bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia
bÈßm;a lr ;sfí' úfYaIfhka bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shg w;aje,la hgf;a fhdað;
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lsÍu iy b.ekaùug wjYH u`. fmkaùu .=rejrhdg mdvu ixúOdkh
lr .ekSug WmldÍ jkq we;ehs wms wfmalaId lruq' ;j o w¾: ±laùï iy ksrEmK o ksjerÈ
ixl,am isiqkag ,nd§u i|yd .=rejrhdg WmldÍ fõ'
12" 13 fYa%Ks iïmQ¾K úIh ks¾foaY wdjrKh msKsi ld,Éfþo 600la i|yd .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYfha u`. fmkajd we;' tu fhdað; ld,Éfþo .=re-isiq wjYH;d wkqj fjkia
lr .ekSug;a wod< mdvï b.ekaùug myiq mßÈ ilia lr .ekSug;a .=rejrhdg ksoyi
;sfí' tfuka u mdi, mdol lr.;a we.hSï ls%hdj,shla hgf;a isiq idOkh ;lafiare
lsÍug o ksoyi we;'
viii
mgqk
msgq wxlh
.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a mKsjqvh iii
wOHlaI ckrd,a mKsjqvh iv
fmrjok v
iïm;a odhl;ajh vi -vii
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia viii
mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia 1-66
ix
05 tallh - i;a;j
a wdldrh iy lsh
% dldß;ajh
ksmqK;dj 5'6'0 ( Ôùkaf.a iakdhql iudfhdackh i|yd wod< jHQy yd lD;H

wkafõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'6'1( iudfhdack l%shdj,sh yd Bg odhl jk moaO;s ms<sn| úuid

n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • iudfhdackfha wjYH;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• iudfhdackhg odhl jk moaO;s kï lrhs'
• iudfhdackhg wod<j iakdhq moaO;sh yd wka;rdi¾. moaO;sh
ixikaokh lrhs'
• úúO i;a;aj jxYj, iakdhq ixúOdk fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
^Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata
Chordata)
mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

• i;=kaf.a iudfhdackh ms<sn|j nqoaê l,ïnk ieishla mj;ajkak'
• iudfhdackhg odhl jk moaO;sj, wjYH;dj i|yd fya;= .fõIKh
lr" ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug u`. fmkajkak'
• iudfhdackhg odhl jk moaO;s f,i iakdhq moaO;sh yd wka;rdi¾.
moaO;sh y÷kajd fokak'
• iudfhdackhg wod<j iakdhq moaO;sh yd wka;rdi¾. moaO;sh
ixikaokh lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrjkak'
• Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata
jxYj, iakdhq moaO;sj, ixúOdkh j.=.; lsÍug isiqkag mjikak'
• by; jxYj, iakdhq moaO;sj, ixúOdkh ms<sn| rEmigyka $mska;+r$
PdhdrEm y÷kd .ekSug isiqkag iydh jkak'
we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

• Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata Chordata
jxYj, iakdhql ixúOdkh iïnkaOj ,sÅ; mÍlaIKhla mj;ajkak'
1
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'6'2( ñksia iakdhq moaO;sfha o< jHQyh yd lD;Hh úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ( 11 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • udkj iakdhq moaO;sfha ixúOdkh ms<sn| o< ieleiaula ilihs'

• l<, iïNjh" fufkkað yd uia;sIal fldaIsld ms<sn| úfYaI
i|ykla lrñka ñksia fud<fha o< jHQyh úia;r lrhs'
• uOH iakdhq moaO;sfha we;s uia;sIal iqIqïkd ;r,h hkq l=ula ±hs
m%ldY lrhs'
• ñksia fud<fha m%Odk fldgia rEmigykl kï lrhs'
• uia;sIal w¾Of.da,j, LKaäld y;r m%ldY lrhs'
• uia;sIal w¾Of.da,j, m%Odk lD;Huh m%foaY ;=k kï lr"
tajdfha jeo.;alu fláfhka úia;r lrhs'
• yhsfmd;e,ufia iy ;e,ufia msysàu yd lD;H m%ldY lrhs'
• uia;sIal jDka;fha fldgia ;=k kï lrhs'
• uia;sIal jDka;fha m%Odk lD;Hh m%ldY lrhs'
• wkquia;sIalfha msysàu iy lD;H m%ldY lrhs'
• iqIqïkdfõ jHQyh" msysàu yd lD;Hh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• m¾hka; iakdhq moaO;sh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• iajhxidOl iakdhq moaO;sfha uQ,sl ixúOdk rgdj m%ldY lrhs'
• ixúOdk rgdj" m%;súreoaO n,mEu iy iakdhq iïfm%aIl øjH wkqj
wkqfõ.s iy m%;Hkqfõ.s iakdhq moaO;sj, fjkialï m%ldY lrhs
• foayfha kSfrda.s meje;au iy iqug ls%hdldß;ajh i|yd fud<fha
m%Odk fldgiaj, odhl;ajh w.hhs'

• isiqkag iakdhq moaO;sfha m%Odk fldgia y÷kajd fokak ûia;sIalh"
uia;sIal w¾Of.da,j, LKaäld" uia;sIal ndyslfha lD;Huh m%foaY"
uia;sIal jDka;h" iqIqïkd YS¾Ilh" jefrda,s fia;=j" ueo fud<h"
wkquia;sIalh" ;e,ui" yhsfmd;e,ui" iqIqïkdj&' Tjqkag tu fldgia
kï fkdlrk ,o rEmigykl ±laùug iydh jkak'
• l,, iïNjh" fufkkað yd uia;I s l
a fldaIl
s d ms<n
s | úfYaI i|ykla
lrñka ñksia fud<fha o< jHqyh úia;r lrhs'
• uia;sIal iqIqïkd ;r,h y÷kajd §" tys lD;H úia;r lrkak'
• uia;sIal ndyslfha m%Odk lD;Huh m%foaY ;=k y÷kd .ekSug iy
msysàu ±laùug isiqkag iydh jkak'
• by; i|yka lrk ,o lD;Huh m%foaYj, lD;H fláfhka meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
• uia;sIal jDka;fha m%Odk fldgia ;=k iqIqïkd YS¾Ilh" jefrda,s
fia;=j yd ueo fud<h f,i isiqkag y÷kajd fokak'
2
• uia;Is l
a jDka;fha yd wkquia;I
s l
a fha m%Odk lD;H ,ehsi;
a .
= ; lsÍug
isiqkag iydh jkak'
• iqIqïkdfõ jHqyh yd lD;Hh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• m¾hka; iakdhq moaO;sfha m%Odk wdldr f,i lmd, iakdhq iy iqIï
q kd
iakdhq y÷kajd fokak'
• iajhx idOl iakdhq moaO;sfha ixúOdk rgdj fláfhka meyeÈ,s lr"
tys m%Odk wdldr fol f,i wkqfõ.s yd m%;Hkqfõ.s iakdhq moaO;sh
y÷kajd fokak'
• ixúOdk rgdj" m%;súreoaO n,mEu yd iakdhq iïfm%aIl øjH u;
wkqfõ.s yd m%;Hdkqfõ.s iakdhq moaO;sj, fjkialï j.=.; lsÍug
isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'

• ñksia fud<fha m%Odk fldgia kï lsÍu ms<sn| we.hSula isÿ lrkak'
• m¾hka; iakdhq moaO;sh yd iajhx idOl iakdhq moaO;sh ms<sn| jdÑl
mÍlaIKhla mj;ajkak'
3
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'6'3( iakdhq wdfõ.hla ckkh yd iïfm%aIKh .fõIKh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 07 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • wls%h úNjh" ls%hd úNjh" èrejKh" úèrejKh" WmßèrejKh iy

m%;sèrejKh hk mo m%ldY lrhs'
• wls%h úNjh we;s ùu iy wlaikhla yryd iakdhq wdfõ.h
iïfm%aIKh jk wdldrh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• Wmd.uhla hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• Wmd.uhla iE§u i|yd odhl jk fldgia m%ldY lrhs'
• Wmd.uhla yryd iakdhq wdfõ.hla iïfma%IKh jk wdldrh
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• m%;Sl pdmh hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• m%;Sl pdmhl fldgia rEmigykl kï lrhs'
• úúO iakdhq iïfm%aIl kï lrhs'

• iakdhq wdfõ. ikakhkh ms<sn|" iqÿiq rEmigyka$ mska;+r$
ùäfhda$ iÔjlrK isiqkag fmkajd" iakdhq wdfõ. iïnkaO wl%sh
úNjh" ls%hd úNjh" èrejKh" úèrejKh" WmßèrejKh yd
m%;sèrejKh hk mo meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• iqÿiq rEmigyka$msk;
a r+ $ùäfhda $iÔjlrK fmkajd iakdhq wdfõ.hla
iïfm%aIKh yd iïnkaO zzWmd.uhZZ hk moh y÷kajd fokak' bkamiq
iakdhq wdfõ. iïfm%Ia lj, ld¾hNdrh ms<n
s | wjfndaOh f.dvk`.kak'
• Wmd.uhla yryd iakdhq wdfõ. iïfm%aIKh jk ls%hdj,sh fláfhka
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• weisghs,a flda,ska" iuyr weuhsfkda wï," ffcj ckk weók"
kshqfrdfmmaghsv iy iuyr jdhq iakdhq wdfõ. iïfm%aIlj,g
WodyrK f,i y÷kajd fokak' ^fuu iakdhq iïfma%Il j¾.j,g
WodyrK wjYH ke;&
• m%;Sl pdmh hkq l=ula ±hs y÷kajd §" m%;Sl pdmfha fldgia we| kï
lsÍug isiqkag iydh jkak'
• wlaikhla yd Wmd.uhla yryd iakdhq wdfõ. iïfmaI
% K ùu fmkakï
q
lsÍug lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula lsÍug isiqkag mjikak'

• wlaikhla yd Wmd.uhla yryd iakdhq wdfõ. iïfm%aIKh ms<sn| isÿ
lrk ,o bÈßm;a lsÍï my; ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka w.hkak'
• ikaOdrfha ksrjoH;dj
• ikaOdrfha wod<;ajh
• ikaOdrfha m%udKj;a nj
• lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï
4
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'6'4( iakdhq moaO;shg isÿ jk ydks yd iq,n wdndO ;;a;aj
.fõIKh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs
bf.kqï M, ( iakdhq moaO;sfha we;s jk iq,n frda.dndO ;;a;ajj,g fya;= m%ldY

lrhs'

• iakdhq moaO;sfha my; i|yka frda.dndO we;sùug fya;= iïnkaOfhka
§ we;s uQ,dY%j,ska f;dr;=re tla /ia lr jd¾;djla ilia lsÍug
• ySfkdakaudoh
• úYdoh
• we,aYhsu¾ frda.h
• mdlskaikaia frda.h

• isiqkaf.a jd¾;dj my; ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka w.hkak'
• f;dr;=rej, we;s ksrjoH;dj iy wod<;ajh
• f;dr;=rej, m%udKj;a nj
5
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'6'5( Ôùkaf.a úúO ixfõo jHQyj, l%shdldß;ajh .fõIKh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ixfõÈ m%;s.%dylhla hkq l=ula oehs fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• ixfõÈ m%;s.%dylj, ,dlaIKsl .=Kdx. m%ldY lrhs'
• úúO m%;s.%dyl j¾. W;af;ackh u; mokïj" ridhksl
m%;s.%dyl" ;dm m%;s.%dyl" m%ldY m%;s.%dyl" ialkaO m%;s.%dyl iy
fõokd m%;s.%dyl f,i ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• úúO m%;s.%dyl j¾.j, msysàu iy m%Odk ld¾hNdrh m%ldY
lrhs'
• udkjhdf.a meje;aug úúO ixfõok jHQyj, ld¾hNdrh w.h
lrhs'

• ixfõ§ m%;s.%dylhla hkq l=ula±hs w¾: ±laùula f.dvke`.Sug isiqkaj
fhduqlr" tys uQ,sl ,laIK ,ehsia;= .; lsÍulg iydh jkak'
• W;af;ach u; mokïj we;s úúO j¾.j, m%;. s d% yl ^ridhksl m%;.s d% yl"
;dm m%;.
s d% yl" m%ldY m%;.
s d% yl" ialkaO m%;.
s d% yl yd fõokd m%;. s d% yl&
y÷kajd fokak'
• ri m%;s.%dyl" .kaO m%;s.%dyl" iS;,- l%j%ia wka; n,an" WKqiqu- r*sks
foaydKq" ksoyia iakdhq wka;" hIaá" fla;=" iam¾Y m%;s.%dyl ûhsiak¾
foaydKq" u¾l,a u`v," ksoyia iakdhq wka;& yd mSvk m%;s.%dyl my;
ldKavj,g fjkalr tajdfha ld¾h Ndrh yd msysàu j.=.; lsÍug
mjikak'
• ri m%;s.%dyl
• ;dm m%;s.%dyl
• m%ldY m%;s.%dyl
• ialkaO m%;s%.%dyl
• fõokd m%;s.%dyl

• úúO m%;.
s d% yl j¾. j.=.; lsÍu wkqj isik
q j
a we.hSug my; ks¾Kdhl
Ndú; lrkak'
• ksrjoH;djh
• wod< nj
6
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'6'6( ñksia wefiys iy lfkys jHQy tajdfha lD;Hj,g wod< lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 08 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ñksia wefiys ix>gl kï lrhs'

• ñksia wefiys uQ,sl jHQyh yd ls%hdldß;ajh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• talfka;% oDIaáh yd oaúfka;% oDIaáh hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• talfka;% oDIaáhg jvd oaúfka;% oDIaáfha we;s jeo.;alu m%ldY
lrhs'
• ñksia lfka uQ,sl jHQyh yd lD;Hh meyeÈ,s lrhs
• ñksia lfkys Y%jK lD;Hh isÿ jk wdldrh úia;r lrhs
• udkjhdf.a meje;au i|yd wefiys iy lfkys jeo.;alu w.hhs'

• wdlD;s$ rEm igyka$j.=$ ùähda Ndú; lr ñksia wefia iy lfkys
fldgia y÷kajkak'
• ñks i a wefiys fldgia tys lD;Hhka g iïnka O ls Í ug is i q k a
fufyhjkak'
• ñksia wefiys yd lfkys jHQyh iy lD;H hk uehska ì;a;s mqj;am;la
ieliSug isiq lKavdhïj,g mjikak'
• talfka;s%l yd oaúfka;s%l oDIaáh hk mo y÷kajd §ug nqoaê l,ïnk
ieishla mj;ajkak'
• talfka;s%l oDIaáhg jvd oaúfka;s%l oDIaáfha we;s jdish fiùug
isiqkag iydh jkak'

• isiq lKavdhï ilia l< ì;a;s mqj;am; my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Ndú;
lr ;lafiare lrkak'
• f;dr;=rej, we;s ksrjoH;dj iy wod<;ajh
• m%udKj;a nj
• ks¾udKYS,s;ajh
7
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'6'7( ñksia yfï uQ,sl jHQyh yd lD;Hh úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ifuys m%Odk ia;r yd ix>gl kï lrhs'

• udkj ifï jHQyh lD;Hhg iïnkaO lrhs'
• ñksia ifuys lD;H m%ldY lrhs'

• wdlD;s$ rEmigyka$j.=$ ùäfhda mg Ndú; lr ñksia ifuys uQ,sl
jHQyh y÷kajd fokak'
• ñksia ifuys uQ,sl ia;r f,i wmsp¾uh iy p¾uh y÷kajd fokak'
• ñksia ifuys fldgia f,i frdau" .%kaÓ iy m%;s.%dyl y÷kd .ekSug
isiqka fufyhjkak'
• ñksia ifuys jHqyh tys lD;Hhg olajk iïnkaO;dj ms<sn|
idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• ueá" meßia nodu (Plaster of Paris) fyda fjk;a iqÿiq øjHhla Ndú;
lr ñks i a ifuys wdlD;s h la f.dvkexùug is i q lKa v dhï
fufyhjkak'

• isiqka úiska idok ,o ifuys wdlD;sh my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Ndú;
lrñka w.hkak'
• ksrjoH wdo¾Ykh
• ksjerÈ kï lsÍu
• ks¾udKYS,s;ajh
8
ksmqK;dj 5'7'0 ( iuiaÓ;sh yd wka;rdi¾. hdukh .fõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'7'1( ñksia wka;rdi¾. moaO;sfha ld¾hNdrh úYaf,aIKh'
ld,Éfþo ( 07 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • wka;rdi¾. .%kaÓ yd fydafudak hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'

• wka;rdi¾. .%kaÓj, msysàu yd lD;H m%ldY lrhs'
• wka;rdi¾. moaO;sh wdYs%; m%;sfmdaIs hka;%K m%ldY lrhs' Ôk -
m%iQ;sfha § Tlaisfgdiska iy laISrKh( RK - reêr .aÆfldaia
uÜgu hdukh&
• Èhjeähdj" wê;hsfrdhsv;dj yd ukao ;hsfrdhsv;djg fya;= iy
tajd md,kh l< yels wdldrh idlÉPd lrhs'
• iudfhdackh yd iuiaÓ;shg wka;rdi¾. moaO;sfha odhl;ajh
w.h lrhs'

• wka;rdi¾. .%kaÓ iy fydafudak hk mo y÷kajd §" tajdg w¾:
±laùula f.dvkexùug isiqkag wdOdr lrkak'
• yhsfmd;e,ui" msáhqgß .%kaÓh" ;hsfrdhsâ .%kaÓh" merd;hsfrdhsâ
.%kaÓh" ;hsui .%kaÓh" wêjDlal .%kaÓ" ,eka.yeka §msld ffi,"
fla;= .%kÓ
a h" m%ckfkakøa h
s ^gonads) jeks ñksidf.a úúO wka;rdi¾.
.%kaÓ y÷kajd fokak'
• udkj foayfha rEmigykl wka;rdi¾. .%kaÓj, msysàu fmr ±kqu
Ndú; lrñka we| fmkaùug isiqka fufyhjkak'
• ñksidf.a tla tla wka;rdi¾. .%kaÓfha lD;Hh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• m%;sfmdaIs hka;%Kh yd wka;rdi¾. moaO;shg tys we;s wod<;ajh
úia;r lrkak' Ôk m%;sfmdaIs hka;%Kh i|yd Wmf;a§ yd laISrKfhaoS
Tlaisfgdaiska ( RK m%;sfmdaIS hka;%Kh i|yd reêr .a,Qfldaia uÜgu
muKla fhdod .kak'&
• Èhjeähdj ((Type I, Type 2) wê;hs f rdhs v ;djg yd uka o
;hsfrdhsv;djg n,mdk fya;= iy md,kh lrk l%u ms<n s | f;dr;=re
tl;= lsÍug isiqka fufyhjd" ta ms<sn| bosßm;a lsÍula isÿ lrk
f,i isiqkag mjikak'
• fï frda. iy frda.dndOj,ska je<lS isàug tÈfkod Ôú;fha § fyd|
mqreÿ mj;ajd .kakd wdldrh ms<sn| fufyhjkak'

• isikq f
a .a bÈßm;a lsÍu my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl hgf;a idlÉPd lrkak'
• f;dr;=rej, ksrjoH;dj iy wod< nj
• bÈßm;a lsÍfï yelshdj
• ld, l<ukdlrKh
9
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'7'2( ksh; foay wNHka;r mßirh lsishï mrdihl ;nd .kakd
wdldrh wkafõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • wNHka;r yd ndysr mßirj,g wod<j iuiaÓ;sh fláfhka

meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• iuiaÓ;sh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd we;s m%;sfmdaIs hka;%Khla úia;r
lsÍu i|yd .e,Sï igykla f.dvkxjhs'
• ñksidf.a WIaK;ajfha iuiaÓ;sl md,kh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• ñksidf.a reêr .aÆfldaia uÜgfï iuiaÓ;sl md,kh meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
• ñksidf.a reêr wdYs%; mSvkfha§ iuiaÓ;sl md,kh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• iuiaÓ;sh i|yd wlaudfõ ld¾hNdrh ,ehsia;= .; lrhs'
• ñksia Ôú;fha meje;au i|yd iuiaÓ;sfhys jeo.;alu w.h lrhs'

• ñksidf.a ndysr mßirh iy wNHka;r mßirh hkak úia;r lr
ndysr yd wNHka;r mßirhg wod<j iuiaÓ;sh y÷kajd fokak'
• iuiaÓ;sh yd iïnkaO Ok yd RK m%;sfmdaIs hka;%K ms<sn| j úia;r
lsÍug rEm igyka $j.= Ndú; lrkak'
• j.= $ wdlD;s $ rEmigyka $ ùäfhda Ndú; lrñka ñks i df.a foa y
WIaK;ajh" reêrfha .a¨fldia uÜgu yd wdi%e;s úOdkh hdukfha oS
iuiaÓ;sh isÿ jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• iuiaÓ;sfha § ñksidf.a foay WIaK;ajh" reêrfha .a,Qfldaia uÜgu"
wdi%e;s úOdkh hdukh jk wdldrh ms<sn| j.= f.dvkexùug isiqka
fhduqlrkak'
• iuiaÓ;sfha § wlaudfõ ld¾hNdrh úia;r lrkak'

• isiqkaf.a j.= my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl hgf;a w.hkak'
• f;dr;=rej, ksrjoH;dj
• wod<;ajh
• ks¾udKYS,s;ajh
10
ksmqK;dj 5'8'0 ( Ôùkaf.a m%ckk l%shdj,sh úuid n,hs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'8'1( Ôùkaf.a m%ckk rgd úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • m%ckkh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lr" úúO w,sx.sl m%ckk wdldr

i|yd WodyrK fohs'
• ,sx.sl m%ckkh" oaú,sx.sl;dj" tal,sx.sl;dj" fl!udfrdaoaNjh"
ckaudKq ckkh yd ixfiapkh hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• ,sx.sl m%ckkfha yd w,sx.sl m%ckkfha ,laIK ixikaokh lrhs'
• úfYaIhl meje;au ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd m%ckk l%shdj,sh jeo.;a
nj ms<s.kshs'

• m%ckkh hkq l=ula ±hs meyeÈ,s lr" ,sx.sl iy w,sx.sl m%ckkh
ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak'
• my; § we;s w,sx.sl m%ckk l%u wod< WodyrK iys;j fláfhka
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• wxl=rKh
• lv lv ùu
• oaú,sx.sl;dj" tal,sx.sl;dj" fl!udfrdaoaNjh" ckaudKq ckkh" ndysr
yd wNHka;r ixfiapkh úia;r lrkak' by; mo úia;r lsÍug
wjYH jQ úg wod< WodyrK fhdod.kak'
• ,sx.sl m%ckkh iy w,sx.sl m%ckkh ixikaokh lsÍug isiqka
fufyhjd fjkialï j.=.; lsÍug mjikak'

• my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lrñka ,sx.sl m%ckkh iy w,sx.sl
m%ckkh ixikaokh i|yd isiqka ilia l< j.=j w.hkak'
• f;dr;=rej, ksjerÈ nj
11
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'8'2( mqreI m%ckl moaO;sfha jHQyh yd lD;Hh úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ( 10 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • mqreI m%ckl moaO;sfha m%Odk jHQy yd tajdfha lD;H m%ldY lrhs'
• yrialvla Ndú;fhka Y=l%Or kd,sldfõ wkaùlaISh jHQyh yd tys
tla tla fldgiaj, lD;Hh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• Y=l%dKq ckkfha m%Odk mshjr fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• Y=l%dKqjl jHQyh iy tys tla tla fldgiaj, lD;Hh m%ldY lrhs'
• Y=l% ;r,fha ixhq;sh i|yka lrhs'
• w;sf¾l .%kaÓ ;=kl jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
• Y=l%dKq ckkfha fydafudak hdukh .e,Sï igyka u.ska fláfhka
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• rEmigyka$wdlD;s Ndú;fhka mqreI m%ckl moaO;sfha fldgia
y÷kd .kshs'

• rEmigyka$j.=$wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka mqreI m%ckl moaO;sfha fldgia
úia;r lrkak'
• mqreI m%ckl moaO;sfha jHQyh tys lD;Hhg olajk iïnkaO;dj pdÜ
igykl ±laùug isiqka fufyhjkak'
• rEmigyka$j.=$ùäfhda mg wdÈh Ndú; lrñka Y=ld% Kqjl uQ,l
s jHqyh
úia;r lrkak'
• rEmigyka iy ùäfhda mg Ndú; lrñka Y=l%dKqjl uQ,sl jHQyh tys
lD;Hhg wod< lrkak'
• j.= iy rEmigyka Ndú; lrñka Y=l%dKq ckkfha m%Odk mshjr,a
úia;r lrkak'
• Y=l%fha ixhq;sh ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqka fufyhjkak'
• mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh yd iïnkaO my; i|yka w;sf¾l .%kaÓj,
jeo.;alu úia;r lrkak'
• Y=l% wdYhsld
• mqr#ia: .%kaÓ
• l+m¾ .%kaÓ
• .e,Sï igykla Ndú; lr Y=l%dKq ckkfha fydafudak hdukh yd
mqreI m%ckl moaO;sfha úlikh yd mj;ajdf.k hEu isÿ jk wdldrh
meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lrñka isiqka ilia l< pdÜ igyk
;lafiare lrkak'
• wod< nj
• wdl¾IKSh nj
12
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'8'3( ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha jHQyh yd lD;Hh úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ( 10 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • rEmigyka$wdlD;s wdOdrfhka ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha m%Odk jHQy
yd tajdfha lD;H fláfhka m%ldY lrhs'
• wKafvdaoaNjfha m%Odk mshjr tys fydafudak hdukh fláfhka
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• udkj äïnfldaIfha jHQyh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• udkj äïnfha jHQyh yd tys tla tla fldgiaj, lD;Hh
fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• udkj Tima pl%h fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• udkj Tima pl%fha § isÿ jk äïnfha yd tkafvdfuá%hfï
jHQyuh fjkialï yd tys fydafudakuh hdukh WÑ; m%ia;dr
u.ska úoyd olajhs'
• wd¾;jyrKh hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• wdlD;s$ rEmigyka Ndú; lrñka ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha fldgia
y÷kd .kshs' ^m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlu&
• udkj m%ckl moaO;sfha ixlS¾K;dj w.hhs'

• isiqkag ia;S% m%ckl moaO;sfhys kï fkdlrk ,o rEmigyka$wdlD;s$
j.= wdÈh imhd" tys fldgia kï lsÍug isiqka fufyhjkak'
• ia;S% m%ckl moaO;sfha fldgiaj, jHqyh tys lD;Hhg wod< lssÍug
isiqka fufyhjkak'
• j.= $ùäfhda mg$rEmigyka Ndú; lrñka wKafvdaoaNjh iy tys
fydafudak hdukh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• rEmigyka$ ùäfhda mg$ wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka udkj äïnfhys jHQyh
úia;r lr" tu jHQyh tys lD;Hhg wod< lsÍug isiqka fufyhjkak'
• wod< m%ia;dr$rEmigyka$ j.= $ wdlD;s $ùäfhda mg Ndú; lr
ia;h
%s lf.a wd¾;j pl%fha § isÿ jk jHQyd;aul fjkialï iy fydafudak
hdukh úia;r lrkak'
• wod< j.=$ m%ia;dr$ Ndú; lr ia;s%hlf.a wd¾;j pl%fha oS fydafudak
fjkiaùï úia;r lrkak'
• wd¾;jyrKh úia;r lrkak'
• wKafvdaoaNjh yd tys fydafudak hdukh ms<sn| ,sÅ; mÍlaIKhla
mj;ajkak'
13
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'8'4( ixfiapkfha isg Wm; f;la l%shdj,sh úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ixfiapkh m%ldY lrhs'

• hqla;dKqfõ úlik wjê fláfhka m%ldY lrhs'
• wêfrdamKh hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• l,, mg, j¾. yd tajdfha lD;H m%ldY lrhs'
• l,, nkaOh yd fmlKsjef,a jHQyh ms<sn| fláfhka úia;r
lrhs'
• .¾NsKs Ndjh hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lr tys ld,iSudj m%ldY
lrhs'
• .¾NKS ld,fha § tla tla ff;%udislfha § N%rEKfha isÿjk m%Odk
fjkialï ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• l,,hg ujf.a m%;sYla;sh iïnkaO lrhs'
• m%iQ;s l%shdj,sh yd wod< Ok m%;sfmdaIs hka;%Kfha ld¾hNdrh
• CISrKh hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• CISrKfha fydafudakuh yd iakdhquh md,kh fláfhka meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
• ujq lsßj, ixhq;sh m%ldY lrhs'
• ujq lsß ,nd§fï jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
• ixfiapkh iy .¾NsKSNdjfha jeo.;alu iy ixlS¾K;dj w.h
lrhs'
• ujqlsß §fï jeo.;alu w.h lrhs'

• ixfiapkh i|yd w¾: ±laùula f.dvkexùug isiqka fufyhjkak'
• j.=$ùäfhda Ndú; lr hqla;dKqfõ úlikh iy l,, wêfrdamKh
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• my; i|yka jHQy iy lD;H meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• N%rEK mg,
• l,, nkaOh
• fmlKsje,
• .¾NKSNdjh iy tys ld,iSudj úia;r lrkak'
• l,,h yd ujf.a m%;sYla;sh w;r iïnkaOh idlÉPdjla u.ska
f.dvk`.kak'
• pd¾Ü Ndú; lr ore Wm; isÿùfï lsh% dj,sfha Ok m%;f
s mdaIS hdka;K
% h
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• CIsrKfha fyda¾fudak iy iakdhql hdukh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• ujqlsßj, ixhq;sh ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
• ujqlsß §fï jeo.;alu fiùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
• m%Yak úpdrd;aul l%uhla u.ska isiqkaf.a yelshd w.hkak'
14
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'8'5( m%ckl fi!LHh ms<sn| i;su;a fjhs
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • .¾NsKSNdjfha uq,a wjia:dj, ,laIK m%ldY lrhs'

• .¾NsKSNdjh y÷kd .ekSfï mÍlaIdj, moku m%ldY lrhs'
ûQ;%j, iy reêrfha hCG)
• ia;S%kag iy mqreIhkag we;s Wm;a md,k l%uj, we;s jeo.;alu
fláfhka m%ldY lrhs'
• Wm;a md,k l%u yd idudkH ldhsl úoHd;aul l%shdj,s flfrys
Wm;a md,k l%uj, n,mEu ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• .íid lsÍu hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• kS;s úfrdaê .íidj, wys;lr n,mEï m%ldY lrhs'
• ,sx.dY%s;j iïfm%aIKh jk wdidok frda. ldrl yd frda." tajdfha
frda. ,laIK j.=.; lrhs'
• ,sx.dY%s; frda. j<lajd .kakd wdldrh idlÉPd lrhs'
• ksireNdjh hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• m%Odk kQ;k m%ckl ;dlaIKsl l%u m%ldY lrhs( fydafudak
Ñls;aidj iy Y,Hl¾u
• wdOdrl m%ckk l%ufõo f,i kd,ia: j$ neyerj isÿ flfrk
ixfiapkh iy wka;# ffi, ma,diaóh Y=l%dKq kslafIamKh hkq
l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'
• ksireNdjh bj;a lsÍu i|yd kQ;k m%ckl ;dlaIKh yd wdOdrl
m%ckk ;dlaIKj, jeo.;alu w.hhs'

• .¾NsKSNdjfha uq,a wjia:dj, ,laIK úia;r lrkak'
• .¾NsKSNdjh y÷kd.ekSfï mÍlaId ,sùug iyh jkak'
• ia;S%ka yd mqreIhka i|yd we;s Wm;a md,k l%u ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug
iydh jkak'
• idudkH ldhsl ls%hdj,s flfrys Wm;a md,k l%uj, n,mEu
,ehsia;=.; lsÍug iydh jkak'
• .íidj yd kS;s úfrdaê .íid lsÍïj,ska we;s jk wys;lr n,mEu
ms<sn| idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• ,sx.dYs%;j iïfm%aIKh jk frda. ms<sn| fmd;a msxpla ilia lsÍug
isiqka fufyhjkak'
• tys jHdêcklhka" frda. ,laIK yd j<lajd .kakd wdldrh we;=<;a
úh hq;= h'
• ksireNdjh ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak'
• my; i|yka kQ;k m%ckl ;dlaIK l%ufõo ms<sn| imhd we;s uQ,dY%
u.ska f;dr;=re tla /ia lr fmd;a msxpla iE§ug isik
q g
a u`. fmkaj
a kak'
15
• fydafudak Ñls;aidj yd Y,Hl¾u
• wdOdrl m%ckl l%ufõo
• kd,ia:j$neyerj isÿ flfrk ixfiapkh
• wka;#ffi, ma,diaóh Y=l%dKq kslafIamKh

• ,sx.dYs%;j je,f|k frda. uefhka ilik ,o fmd;a msxp my; i|yka
ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka w.hkak'
• wod<;ajh
• m%udKj;a nj
16
ksmqK;dj 5'9'0 ( i;=kaf.a ikaOdrKh i|yd ieleiS we;s moaO;s yd p,k l%u
úuid n,hs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'9'1( i;=kaf.a iels,s moaO;sj, jHQyh yd lD;H ms<sn|j;a i;=kaf.a
ixprKh ms<sn|j;a úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • i;=kaf.a yuq jk m%Odk iels,s wdldr ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'

• øjiaÓ;sl iels,af,a ixúOdkh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• i;a;aj jxY fyda i;a;aj j¾.h WodyrK f,i f.k úúO
øjiaÓ;sl iels,s j¾. kï lrhs'
• úúO msg iels,s j¾.j, ixúOdkh WodyrK iys;j m%ldY lrhs'
• úúO wka;# iels,s j¾.j, ixúOdkh WodyrK iys;j m%ldY
lrhs'
• iels,s moaO;sfha fmdÿ lD;H m%ldY lrhs'
• udkj wiaÓ moaO;sfha lD;H m%ldY lrhs'
• jd;h yd c,h ;=< i;=ka p,kh jk wdldrh fláfhka myohs
• Ôùkag mßirj, Ôj;a ùu yd wod<j iels,s moaO;sfha we;s
iïnkaO;dj w.h lrhs'
• i;a;aj rdcOdksfha m%Odk iels,s j¾. yd iqÿiq WodyrK iys; ì;a;s

mqj;am;la ilia lsÍug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak' fï ì;a;s mqj;amf;a
my; i|yka ud;Dld we;=<;a úh hq;= h'
• øjiaÓ;s iels,s - wudYjdyskS l=yrh" jHdc iSf,dauh" wka;rd,
;r,h" iSf,dauh'
• msg iels,a, - lhsákSh msg iels,a," le,aishï ldnfkaÜ msg
iels,a," wiaÓ;,
• wNHka;r iels,a, - le,aishï ldnfkaÜ ;," wiaÓ" ldáf,ac
• msg iels,,
a " wNHka;r iels,,
a yd øjiaÓ;s iels,,
a ixikaokh lsÍug
• wiaÓ moaO;sfha fmdÿ lD;H ,ehsi;
a .
= ; lsÍug isikq g
a u`. fmkaj
a kak'
• ñksidf.a wiaÓ moaO;sfha lD;H ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqkag u`.
fmkajkak'
• iqÿiq ia:dkhlg lafIa;% pdßldjla ixúOdkh lr" tys isák i;=ka
c,h ;=< § yd jd;h ;=< § p,kh jk wdldrh .fõIKh lr" ta
ms<sn| bÈßm;a lsÍula ilia lr" mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug isiqkag u`.
fmkajkak'
17
• iels,s ms<sn| ì;a;s mqj;am; my; ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka w.hkak'
• wod<;ajh yd m%udKj;a nj
• bÈßm;a lsÍfï l=i,;dj
• iqÿiq WodyrK ,nd§u
18
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'9'2( ñksidf.a wdlaIl iels,af,a jHQyh yd lD;Hh wkafõIKh
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • udkj iels,af,a m%Odk fldgia fol kï lrhs'

• udkj iels,af,a ixúOdkh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• ysia lnf,a wiaÓ kï lrhs'
• wdlaIl iels,af,a m%Odk fldgia ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• ysialnf,a jeo.;a fldgia yd lD;H meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• lfYarefõ jl% yd tys jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
• o¾YSh lfYareldfõ jHQyh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• úúO lfYareld j¾. kï lr" tajdfha ixLHd olajhs'
• tla tla lfYareld j¾.fha úfYaI ,laIK tajdfha lD;Hhg
wod<j m%ldY lrhs'
• m¾Y= yd Wr;,fha jHqyh yd jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
• wdlaIl iels,a, ñksidf.a Rcq bßhõj mj;ajd .ekSug olajk
odhl;ajh m%ldY lrhs'

• udkj iels,f a ,a ixúOdkh kso¾Yl$ rEmigyka$wdlD;s$úäfhda fhdod
.ksñka úia;r lrkak'
• udkj iels,af,a m%Odk fldgia fol y÷kd .ekSug u`. fmkajkak'
• kï fkdlrk ,o wdlD;shla$rEmigykla fhod .ksñka wdCIl
iels,af,a m%Odk fldgia y÷kd .ekSug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• tys ysia ln," lmd,h iy lfYarej wka;¾.; úh hq;= h'
• kso¾Yl$ rEmigyka$ wdlD;s weiqfrka ysia lnf,a jeo.;a fldgia yd
tys lD;Hh úia;r lrkak'
• lfYarefõ jl% yd tajdfha jeo.;alu úia;r lrkak'
• rEm igyka $ wdlD;s $ ùäfhda $ kso¾Yl Ndú;fhka o¾YSh
lfYareldfõ uQ,sl jHqyh úia;r lrkak'
• úúO lfYa r eldj, ks o ¾Yl$ rEmigyka is i q k a g imhd " ta j d
ixikaokh lr îxLHdj" lD;Hhg wod< úfYaI ,laIK& fjkialï
j.=.; lsÍug isiqkag iydh jkak'
• m¾Y=j, yd Wr;,fha jHQyh yd jeo.;alu úia;r lrkak'
• udkj wdCIl iels,a, ñksia isref¾ Rcq bßhõjg odhl jk wdldrh
mss<sn| idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka isiqka úiska wdCIl iels,af,a m%Odk
fldgia y÷kd .ekSu w.hkak'
19
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'9'3( ñksidf.a .d;% iels,af,a jHQyh yd lD;Hh wkafõIKh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • udkj .d;% iels,af,a ixúOdkh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• mQ¾j .d;%fha m%Odk wiaÓ kï lrhs' ^yia;l+¾p wiaÓ iy
yia;l+¾fpdamßh kï lsÍu wjYH ke;&
• .%yKh yd fufyhùu" nr bis,Su we;=¿j mq¿,a mrdihl p,k
±laùu i|yd mQ¾j .d;%fha we;s wkqj¾;k úia;r lrhs'
• wmr .d;%fha m%Odk wiaÓ kï lrhs'
^mdol+¾pdiaÓh iy mdol+¾fjdamßh kï lsÍu wjYH ke;&
• wmr .d;%fha iDcq bßhõ mj;ajd .ekSug" foayfha nr ±Íug yd
weú§ug wkqj¾;k ù we;s wdldrh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• m;af,a jl% iy tys lD;H fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• wiaÓ m¾jodyh yd wiaÓ ffjj¾jh yd u~, ,siaid hEu
• .d;%d iels,af,a ix>gl ,ehsia;=.; lr" tajdfha lD;H m%ldY lrhs
• iels,s moaO;sfha hym;a meje;au i|yd ksjerÈ bßhõj, we;s
jeo.;alu y÷kd .kshs'
• rEm igyka$ kso¾Yl$ wdlD;s kso¾Yl Ndú;fhka .d;% iels,af,a
wiaÓ y÷kd .kshs'

• udkj .d;%d iels,af,a idudkH jHQyh úia;r lsÍug kso¾Yl$
wdlD;s$j.=$rEmigyka Ndú; lrkak'
• udkj .d;% iels,af,a idudkH jHqyh tys lD;Hhg iïnkaO lrkak'
• mQ¾j .d;%fha uQ,sl jHqyh meyeÈ,s lrkak' ^yia;l+¾p wiaÓ yd
yia;l+¾fpdamßh kï lsÍu wjYH ke;&
• .%yKh" fufyhùu yd nr bis,u S we;=¿j mq¿,a mrdihl p,k ±laùu
i|yd mQ¾j .d;%fha we;s wkqj¾;k iïnkaO lsÍug isiqkag u`.
fmkajkak'
• wmr .d;% f ha uQ , s l jHQ y h úia ; r lrka k ' ^mdol+ ¾ pia Ó h iy
mdol+¾fpdamßh kï lsÍu wjYH ke;&
• wmr .d;%h Rcq bßhõj mj;ajd .ekSug" YÍrfha nr ord .ekSug iy
weú§ug wkqj¾;kh ù we;s wdldrh .fõIKh lsÍug isiqkag u`.
fmkajkak'
• m;af,a jl% yd tajdfha lD;H úia;r lrkak'
20
• udkj iels,s moaO;sfha we;s jk frda.dndO yd wiudkH;d ms<sn| §
we;s uQ,dY% j,ska f;dr;=re tla /ia lsÍug yd jd¾;djla ieliSug
• wiaÓ m¾jodyh
• wiaÓ ffjj¾jh
• uv, ,siaid hEu
• iels,s moaO;sfha hymeje;au i|yd ksjerÈ bßhõj, jeo.;alu ms<sn|
flá l:k isÿ lsÍug iydh jkak'

• isiqka úiska mj;ajk ,o l:k my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka
w.hkak'
• f;dr;=rej, ksrjoH;dj yd wod<;ajh
• bÈßm;a lsÍfï l=i,;d
• ld, l<ukdlrKh
21
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'9'4( m%Odk ikaê wdldr yd lxld, fmaYs p,kfha hka;%Kh ms<sn|
wkafõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • m%Odk ikaê wdldr kï lr" tajdfha lD;H yd jeo.;alu

,ehsia;=.; lrhs
• fmaYs mglfha ,laIK m%ldY lrhs'
• idfldñhrfha jHQyh yd lxld, fmaYs p,kfha uQ,sl hka;%Kh
• i¾mK iQ;%sldjdofha uQ,sl ixl,amh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• ;u lD;H bgq lsÍu i|yd fmaYs ls%hdldß;ajh w.h lrhs'

• m%Odk ikaê wdldrj, ^f.da, l=yr" wiõ" újgq$ új¾;ks& lsh
% dldß;ajh
yd tys jeo.;alu úia;r lrkak'
• fmaYs mglfha ,laIK ms<sn| nqoaê l,ïnk ieishla mj;ajkak'
• idfldñhrfha jHQyh ùäfhda $icSúlrK $rEmigyka fhdod .ksñka
úia;r lrkak'
• i¾mK iQ;s%ldjdofha uQ,sl ixl,am ùäfhda$ rEmigyka Ndú;fhka
úia;r lrkak'

• iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka isiqkaf.a yelshd jdÑl l%uhlska
w.hkak'
22
06 tallh - m%fõKsh
ksmqK;dj 6'1'0 ( Ndú;h i|yd m%fõKs úoHdfõ uQ,sl isoaOdka; .fõIKh

lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'1'1( fukav,Sh mÍCIKj, úoHd;aul moku úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ( 09 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • m%fõKshg wod< my; mo úia;r lrhs'

(F1 yd F2 mrïmrd" m%;súreoaO ,laIK" cdk" we,S," m%fõKs o¾Yh"
rEmdkqo¾Yh" ks,Sk ,laIK" m%uqL ,laIK" i;HNs ckkh" kquqyqï
fm," iufhda.s" úIufhda.s" taldx. uqyqï" taldx. mÍlaId uqyqï"
oajHx. mÍlaId uqyqï"&
• taldx. uqyqul F2 rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd;h úia;r lsÍu yd úYaf,aIKh
• fukav,af.a m<uq kshuh m%ldY lrhs'
• oajHx. uqyqul F2 rEmdkq o¾Yh wkqmd;h úia;r lsÍu yd
úYaf,aIKh
• fukav,af.a fojk kshuh m%ldY lrhs'
• fukav,af.a mÍlaIdj, id¾:l;ajhg fya;= meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• fukav,af.a mÍlaIdj, Pisum sativum f;dard .ekSug fya;= m%ldY
lrhs'
• nyqúO ,laIK ms<sn| uqyqïj, m%fõKso¾Y iy rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd;
mqfrdal:kh lrhs'
• taldx. mÍlaIK uqyqfï F2 rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd; meyeÈ,s lr"
úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
• oajHx. mÍlaId uqqyqfï F2 rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd; meyeÈ,s lr"
úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
• .Ks;uh wkqmd; fhdodf.k úúO m%fõKsl rgd ms<sn|
mqfrdal:khg we;s yelshdj w.h lrhs'

• oS we;s moj, w¾:h m%fõKshg olajk wod<;ajh biau;= lrñka tu
mo meyeÈ,s lrkak' (F1 yd F2mrïmrd" m%;súreoaO ,laIK" cdk" we,S,"
m%fõKs o¾Yh" rEmdkqo¾Yh" ks,Sk ,laIK" m%uqL ,laIK" i;HNs
ckkh" kquy q ï
q fm," iufhda."s úIufhda."s taldx. uqyï
q " taldx. mÍlaId"
uqyqï" oajHx. mÍlaId uqyqï"&
• iqÿiq rEmigyka Ndú; lrñka taldx. uqyqïlrKh iy oajHdx.s
uqyqïlrKfha oS F1 yd F2 mrïmrd úia;r lrkak'
• taldx. uqyqïlrKh rEmigyklska ±laùug iy F2 m%cks;h úia;r
lsÍug mkÜ igykla f.dv kexùug isiqkag bv ,nd fokak'
23
• fukav,af.a m<uqjk iy fojk kshuhkag wkqj iqÿiq WodyrK Ndú;
lrñka rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd; iy m%fõKso¾Y wkqmd; meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• fukav,a úiska Pisum sativum Ydlh Ndú; lrñka lrk ,o mÍlaIKh
ms<sn|j yd fukav,af.a mÍlaIK i|yd Pisum sativum Ydlh f;dard
.ekSug fya;= jQ lreKq ,shd ±laùug isiqka fufyhjkak'
• nyqúO ,laIK uqyqï ms<sn|j fláfhka úia;r lrkak'
• nyqúO ,laIK uqyï
q j,§ rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd; iy m%fõKs o¾Y wkqmd;
f.dvk`.kak'

• iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl Ndú;fhka mkÜ igyk f.dvkexùfï § isik
q f
a .a
yelshd we.hSug ,la lrkak'
24
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'1'2( udkj fukav,Sh ,laIK m%fõKs.; jk rgd mÍlaId lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ñksidf.a iq,N fukav,Sh m%fõKsl ,laIK f,i we¨Kq

fkdwe¨Kq lkafm;s" lïuq,a j< .eiSu" widow’s peak mej;Su fyda
fkdmej;Su' Rcq fyda keuqKq uymge`.s,a," Èj frda,a l< yels ùu
fyda Èj frda,a fkdùu m%ldY lrhs'
• fm<je,a igyka Ndú;fhka mjq,aj, m%fõKsl ,laIK
úYaf,aIKh yd mqfrdal:kh lrhs'
• fm<je,a igyka Ndú;fhka mjq,aj, fukav,Sh ,laIK
mqfrdal:khg we;s yelshdj w.h lrhs'

• ñksidf.a iq,N fukav,Sh ,laIK y÷kd .ekSug iydh jkak' ^we¨Kq
$fkdwe¨Kq lkafm;s" lïuq,a j< .eiSu" widow’s peak mej;Su fyda
fkdmej;Su" Rcq fyda keuqKq uymge`.s,a," Èj frda,a l< yels ùu
fyda Èj frda,a fkdùu&
• mka;sfha fyda wxYfha isák isiqka w;r mj;sk fmdÿ fukav,Sh
,laIK ms<sn| .Kkh lsÍu i|yd jHdmD;shla ls%hd;aul lsßug
isiqkag Woõ lrkak'
• ì%;dkH rc mjqf,a fm<je,a igykla Ndú;fhka fukav,Sh ,laIK
wdfõKsh mqfrdal:kh lrk wdldrh úia;r lrkak'
• fm<je,a igykl i,l=Kq y÷kajd fokak'
• .=rejrhd úiska ,ndfok ,o fm<je,a igykla úYaf,aIKh lsÍug
isiqkag mjrkak' ^ysfuda*S,shdj jeks frda.dndOhla iys; fm<je,a
igykla ,nd fokak&

• my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka ,ndfok fm<je,a igyk
úYaf,aIKh lsÍu w.hkak'
• ksjerÈj y÷kd .ekSu
• ksjerosj w¾:h myod §u
25
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'1'3( fukav,af.a kshuj,ska wm.ukh jk m%fõKs rgd ú.%y lsÍug
WÑ; ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u Ndú; lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • fukav,Sh fkdjk m%fõKsl ,laIK rgd f,i" wiïmQ¾K

m%uqL;dj" iym%uqL;dj" nyq we,S,;dj" cdk wka;¾l%shd"
nyqld¾h;dj" nyqcdk m%fõKsh" cdk m%;snoaOh" udkj ,sx.
ks¾Kh" udkj ,sx. m%;snoaO ,laIK jeks fukav,Ssh fkdjk
m%fõKsl ,laIK m%ldY lrhs'
• wiïmQ¾K m%uqL;djg wod< F2 rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd; Mirabilis
mqIamfha j¾Kh Wmfhda.s lr.ksñka meyeÈ,s lr" úYaf,aIKh
lrhs'
• iym%uqL;dj wod< F2 rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd; A,B reêr .K weiqfrka
úia;r lr" úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
• nyq we,S,;djg wod< F2 rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd;h A,B,O reêr .K
weiqfrka úia;r lr" úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
• m%uqL wNsNjkfha cdk wka;¾ls%hdj meyeÈ,s lsÍug yd úYaf,aIKh
lsÍug l=l=<df.a msydgqj, meyeh iy ks,Sk wNsNjkfha cdk
wka;¾ls%hdj meyeÈ,s lsÍug yd úYaf,aIKh lsÍug Lathyrus
mqIamfha j¾Kh Wmfhda.s lr .kshs'
• nyqcdk m%fõKsfha F2 rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd;h meyeÈ,s lr
úYaf,aIKh lsÍug ñksidf.a Wi" nqoaê uÜgu iy ifï j¾Kh
fhdod .kS'
• cdk m%;snoaOfha rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd;h Drosophilaf.a wefia j¾Kh
yd msydgq j¾Kh Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka meyeÈ,s lr" úYaf,aIKh
lrhs'
• udkj ,sx. ks¾Kh úia;r lrhs
• ysfuda*s,shdj iy j¾K wkaO;dj udkj ,sx. m%;snoaO ,laIKhla
f,i m%ldY lrhs'
• udkj ,sx. m%;snoaO m%fõKsh meyeÈ,s lr úYaf,aIKh lrhss'
• ;ks cdkhla u.ska n,mEï rdYshla we;s ùu" nyqld¾h;d m%fõKsh
f,i w¾: olajhs' ^WodyrK f,i( ñksid ;=< we;s jk isiaála
*hsfn%daishdj iy oEle;s ffi, rla;ySk;dj&'
• wmscdk m%fõKs ixl,amh kshqla,sfhdaghsv wkqms<sfj< iïnkaO
fkdjk hka;%Khla u.ska iïfm%aIKh jk nj o< ieleiaulska
olajhs ^Wod(- iu ksjqka orejkaf.a tla whl=g muKla
ySfkdakaudoh frda.h we;s ùu&'
• .ykhla ;=< m%fNaok we;s ùug fukav,Sh fkdjk m%fõKsh
odhl jk wdldrh w.h lrhs'
26
• fukav,Sh fkdjk m%fõKsl ,laIK ^wiïmQ¾K m%uL q ;dj' iym%uL
q ;dj"
nyq we,S,;dj" cdk wka;¾ls%hd" nyq ld¾h;dj" nyq cdk m%fõKsh"
cdk m%;snoaOh" udkj ,sx. ks¾Kh" udkj ,sx. m%;snoaO ,laIK& kï
lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
• iqÿiq WodyrK Ndú;fhka fukav,Sh fkdjk m%fõKsl ,laIKj,
iajNdjh fláfhka úia;r lrkak'
• fok ,o fukav,Sh fkdjk m%fõKsl ,laIKj, F2 rEmdkqo¾Y wkqmd;
úia;r lr úYaf,aIKh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
• fok ,o fukav,Sh fkdjk m%fõKsl ,laIK fmkaùug rEmigyka
we£ug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
• tla tla fukav,Sh fkdjk m%fõksl ,laIKj,g wod< .eg¨ isiqkag
,nd§" tajd úi£ug mjikak'
• udkj ,sx. ks¾Kh úia;r lrkak'
• isiaála *hsfn%daishdj yd ±le;s ffi, rla;ySk;djh ms<sn| f;dr;=re
tla /ia lr nyq ld¾h;d m%fõKsh ms<sn| w¾: ±laùula f.dvke`.Sug
isiqkaj fhduq lrkak'
• wmscdk m%fõKsh ixl,amh ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak'
• WodyrKhla f,iska ySfkdkaudoh olajkak'

• § we;s ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka isiqka úiska fok ,o .eg¨
úi£u w.hkak'
• ,laIKj, rEmigyka u`.ska rgd f.dvkexùu
• m%fõKsl ,laIKj, ksrjoH;dj
• m%fõKsl ,laIK ms<sn| ks.ukh
27
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'1'4( cdk ixLHd;fha fjkia ùï Ndú;fhka ffcj mßKduh
wkafõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ydä-jhskan¾.a iu;=,s;;dj úia;r lrhs'

• ydä-jhskan¾.a iu;=,s;;dj mej;Su i|yd ;;A;aj m%ldY lrhs'
• cdk ixLHd;fha fjkia ùï mßKduhg fya;= jk wdldrh úia;r
lrhs'

• iólrKh weiqfrka ydä- jhskan¾.a iu;=,s;;dj úia;r lrkak'
• fï iu;=,;
s ;dj hgf;a .ykhla ;=< mej;sh hq;= ;;a;j
a kï lrkak'
• cdk ixLHd;fha fjkia ùï wjidkfha § mßKduhg fya;= jkafka
flfia±hs idlÉPd lrkak'
• ydä -jhskan¾.a iu;=,s;;djg wod< m%Yak úi£ug isiqka fhduq
lrkak'

• my; fok ,o ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka isiqka .eg,q úi|k
wdldrh w.hkak
• iólrKh fhdod .ekSfï ksrjoH;djh
• .Kkh lsÍu
• .eg¿j fidhd .ekSu'
28
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'1'5( Ydl yd i;a;aj wNsckkfha uQ,sl ixl,am .fõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • Ydl yd i;a;aj wNsckkfha jeo.;alu WodyrK iys;j fláfhka

meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• Ydl yd i;a;aj wNsckkfha oS fhdod .kakd l%u lSmhla
fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs
• uqyqï l%u Ys,amj, m%fõKsl uQ,O¾u fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• iajdNdúl yd lD;%su wNsckk l%uj, jdis yd wjdis ixikaokh
lrhs
• jeäÈhqKq l< m%fNaok ,nd .ekSu i|yd Ydl yd i;a;aj wNsckk
Ys,amSh l%uj, jákdlu w.h lrhs

• iqÿiq WodyrK i|yka lrñka Ydl yd i;a;aj wNsckkfha jeo.;alu
• ñksidf.a wjYH;d i|yd fhdod f.k ;sfnk iuyr Ydl yd i;a;aj
wNswckk l%u iqÿiq mska;+r$ ùäfhda$ .%ka: weiqfrka úia;r lrkak'
• wNsckk l%uj, m%fõKsl uQ,O¾u úia;r lrkak'
• ,sms$lshùï øjH isiqkg ,nd oS iajNdúl yd lD;%su wNsckk l%u
ixikaokh lr" jdis yd wjdis j.=.; lsÍug iyh jkak'
• Ydl yd i;a;aj wNsckk l%u yd tajd u.ska j¾;udkfha § jeäÈhqKq
lrk ,o m%fNao ,nd .kakd wdldrh ^lsß .jhkaf.ka jeä lsß mßudjla
,nd.ekSu" by< msIaG M,odjla iys; fnda. wdÈh& ms<sn| bÈßm;a
lsÍug isiqkaj fufyhjkak'

• my; fok ,o ks¾Kdhl Ndú;fhka isiqka w.hkak'
• fidhd.ekSïj, ksrjoH;d
• f;dr;=rej, wod<;ajh
• ld, l<ukdlrKh
29
07 tallh - wKql Ôj úoHdj yd m%;sixfhdað; DNA ;dlaIKh
ksmqK;dj 7'1'0 ( m%fõKsl øjHj, wKql moku úu¾Ykh lrhs
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1'1( m%fõKsl øjHfha jHQyh yd lD;Hh mÍlaId lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • DNA yd RNAys uQ,sl jHQyh u;la lrhs'

• DNAys .=K meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• j¾Kfoayj, jHQysl ks¾udKh úia;r lrhs'
• m%d.akHIaál j¾Kfoay iqkHIaál j¾Kfoayfhka fjka fldg
olajhs
• DNA m%;sj,s;fha jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• DNA m%;sj,s;h i|yd Ndú; jk tkaihsu kï lr" tajdfha
jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs
• DNA m%;sj,s; ùfï § isÿ jk jerÈ m%udKh b;d wju nj m%ldY
lrhs
• DNA m%;sj,s; ùfï uQ,sl ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrhs
• m%d.akHIaál yd iqkHIaál DNA m%;sj,s; ùfï fjkialï olajhs
• DNA m%;sixialrKh iy tys jeo.;alu fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs
• ffi,hl m%fõKsl wKqj f,i DNAys ,dlaIKsl ,laIK
meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• DNA yd RNA wKqj, uQ,sl jHQyh ms<sn| nqoaê l,ïNk ieishla
fufyhjkak'
• DNA wKqfõ .=K i|yka lsÍug isiqkaj fufyhjkak'
• j¾Kfoayj, jHQysl ks¾udKh úia;r lsÍu i|yd úoyd ±laùula
f.dvkexùug isiqkaj fhduq lrkak'
• m%d.akHIaál yd iqkHIaál j¾Kfoay j, fjkialï j.=.;
• DNA m%;sj,s; ùfï uQ,sl ,laIK ôaú;aj fy,slaih È. yeÍu"
kshqla,sfhdaghsv nyqwjhùlrKh" RNA uQ,slj, ld¾hNdrh"
fmrgq yd m%udÈ oduh" ys±ia uqød ;eîu" tkaihsuj, ld¾hNdrh -
DNA fy,sflai" m%hsfïi" DNA fmd,suf¾i" DNA ,hsf.ai&
fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq rEm igyka ùäfhda fyda wdlD;s fhdod
.ksñka bÈßm;a lsÍula isÿ lsÍug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak' th
lKavdhula jYfhka bÈßm;a lsÍug bv ,nd fokak'
• m%d.akHIaál DNA m%;sj,s; ùu iqkHIaál DNA m%;sj,s; ùfuka
fjkia jk wdldrh úia;r lsÍug idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
30
• DNA m%;sj,s; ùfï jeo.;alu .fõIKh lr ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug
isiqkag bv ,nd fokak'
• ffi,h ;=< DNA wKqj m%fõKsl wKqj f,i ls%hd;aul jk
wdldrh úia;r lrkak'
• isiqka lKavdhula f,i DNA w¨;ajeähd lsÍfï hdka;%Kh yd
tys jeo.;alu hk uehska fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKhg isiqkag iydh
jkak'

• my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka isik
q f
a .a bÈßm;a lsÍï w.hkak'
• úIh lreKqj, ksrjoH;dj
• wod<;ajh yd iqÿiq wdOdrl fhdod .ekSu
• lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï
• ld, l<ukdlrKh
31
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1'2( cdk yd tajd l%shd lrk wdldrh mÍlaId lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 09 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • m%d.akHIaál yd iqkHIaál ðfkdaufha uq,sl jHQyh yd ixúOdkh

iy tajdfha fjki fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• cdk yd j¾Kfoay w;r iïnkaO;dj olajhs'
• m%fõKsl fla;fha ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• tlafidak iy bkafg%dak fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• fm%daàk ixiaf,aIKhg wod< DNA, RNA yd tkaihsuj, ld¾hNdrh
m%ldY lrhs'
• fm%daàk ixYaaf,aIKfha m%Odk mshjr f,i m%;sf,aLk yd
mßj¾;kh kï lrhs'
• talcdk - tal fmd,sfmmaghsv l,ams;h m%ldY lrhs'
• m%;sf,aLk yd mßj¾;k ls%hdj,sj, uQ,sl mshjr ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• j¾Kfoayjdofha jákdlu w.h lrhs'
• Ôú;hg wKql Ôj úoHdfõ jeo.;alu w.hhs'
• ffi,h ;=< fm%daàkj, brKu yd ydhkh w.h lrhs'

• m%d.akHIaál yd iqkHIaál Ôfkdaufha uQ,sl jHQyh yd ixúOdkh
úia;r lrkak'
• m%d.akHIaál yd iqkHIaál Ôfkdauj, fjkialï ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug
isiqka fufyhjkak'
• cdk j¾Kfoay iu`. we;s iïnkaO ms<sn| nqoaê l,ïnk ieishla
mj;ajkak'
• zm%fõKs fla;hZ yd zfldafvdakh Z hk mo y÷kajd fokak'
• j¾Kfoayfha tlafidak" bkafg%dak yd cdk m%ldY fkdlrk m%foaY
fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh lsÍug isiqkag iydh
jkak'
• cdk m%ldYkfha m%Odk isÿùï f,i zm%;f
s ,aLkZ yd zmßj¾;kZ y÷kajd
fokak'
• zzm%;sf,aLkfhaZ yd zmßj¾;kfhaZ m%Odk mshjr úia;r lsÍu i|yd
bÈßm;a lsÍula lsÍug isiqka fufyhjkak'
• tal cdk - tal fmd,sfmmaghsv l,ams;h y÷kajd fokak'
• ffi,h ;=< fm%dà
a kj, brKu yd ydhkh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
32
• isik
q f
a .a bÈßm;a lsÍï my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka w.hkak'
• ls%hdldß iyNd.s;ajh
• ld, l<ukdlrKh
33
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1'3( úlD;sj, wKql moku úNd. lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • úlD;s hk moh w¾: olajhs'
• úlD;sj,g fya;= jk idOl f,i úlD;sldrl m%ldY lrhs'
• úlD;s j¾. yd tajdg WodyrK m%ldY lrhs'
• fok ,o m%fõKsl wdndO i|yd j¾Kfoay ;;a;aj meyeÈ,s lrhs'
^vjqka iy,laIKh" g¾k¾ iy,laIKh" j¾K wkaO;dj"
oEle;s ffi, rla;ySk;dj&'
• iuyr udkj m%fõKs .eg¨ je<lSfuys ,d m%fõKsl WmfoaYkfha
jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
• mßKdufha § úlD;sj, jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
• mßKdufha § úlD;sj, odhl;ajh w.h lrhs'

• úlD;s yd úlD;s ldrl ms<sn| w¾: ±laùula f.dvkexùug
isiqkag iydh jkak'
• úlD;sj, m%Odk wdldr fol f,i cdk yd j¾Kfoay úlD;s
f,i isiqkag y÷kajd fokak'
• iqÿiq WodyrK fhdod .ksñka ta wdldr fol ieie|Sug isiqkag
Wmfoia fokak'
• my; ±lafjk m%fõKsl wdndOj,g wod< j¾Kfoay ;;a;aj
ieie£ug isiqkag iydh jkak'
• vjqka iy,laIKh
• g¾k¾ iy,laIKh
• la,hskaf*,ag¾ iy,laIKh
• j¾K wkaO;djh
• oEle;s ffi, rla;ySk;dj
• mßKdufha oS úlD;sj, jeo.;alu .fõIKhg isiqka
fufyhjkak'
• iuyr udkj m%fõKsl .eg¨ je<lSfuys ,d m%fõKsl
WmfoaYkfha jeo.;alu ms<sn| f;dr;=re tla/ia lsÍug yd
jd¾;djla ieliSug isiqkag iydh jkak'

• iuyr udkj m%fõKsl .eg,q je<lSfuys ,d m%fõKsl WmfoaYkfha
jeo.;aluZ uefhka ilik ,o jd¾;dj my; ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.s lr
.ksñka w.hkak'
• ikaOdrfha ksrjoH;dj
• ikaOdrfha wod<;ajh
• ikaOdrfha m%udK;ajh
• wdYs;
%
34
ksmqK;dj 7'2'0 ( cdk ;dlaIKh ms<sn| ±kqu hdj;ald,Sk lr .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2'1( cdk ;dlaIKsl l%ufõo yd Ys,am l%u ms<sn| hdj;ald,Sk fõ'
ld,Éfþo ( 08 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • DNA ksiaidrKfha m%Odk mshjr fláfhka idlÉPd lrhs'

• cdk ;dlaIKfhys ,d tkaihsuj, ld¾hNdrh fláfhka meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
• we.frdaia fc,a úoHq;d.ukfha uQ,O¾u m%ldY lrhs'
• kHIaál wï, fouqyqï lsÍfï uQ,O¾uh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• DNA taIKj, Ndú; m%ldY lrhs'
• DNA m%;sixfhdack ;dlaIKh hkq l=ula ±hs m%ldY lrhs'
• DNA m%;sixfhdack ;dlaIKfha § Ndú; jk úúOdldr jdyl kï
lrhs'
• nelaàßhd ma,diañv" NlaIl iy hSiaÜ ^lD;s%u& jdyl f,i Ndú;
lsÍfï jeo.;alu fláfhka idlÉPd lrhs'
• cdk$ DNA LKav laf,dak lsÍug wod< m%Odk mshjr o<
ie,eiaulska olajhs'
• i,l=Kq cdk yd DNA mqia;ld,j, jeo.;alu fláfhka
idlÉPd lrhs'
• m%;sixfhdað; DNA ;dlaIKfha § m%;sj¾;H g%dkaials%mafÜiaj,
ld¾hNdrh m%ldY lrhs'
• leu;s cdk fldgila we;=¿ lsÍu i|yd mßKdukh" mdrkhkh"
Agrobacterium iy cdk ;=jlal= fhod .kakd wdldrh fláfhka
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• DNA m%;sixfhdað; ;dlaIKfha ixlS¾K;dj w.hhs'

• DNA ksiaidrKfha wod< úäfhda$fmdaiagr$ rEmigyka$ PdhdrEm
fmkajd" DNA ksiaidrKfha m%Odk mshjr ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug
isiqkag mjikak'
• DNA ksiaidrKfha uQ,O¾u" kshqla,sfhaij, ld¾hNdrh" ,hsf.ai"
fmd,suf¾i" DNA taIK" we.frdia fc,a úoHq;d.ukh iy fouqyqï
lsÍfï ;dlaIK iqÿiq rEmigyka$ PdhdrEm$ úäfhda fhdod .ksñka
y÷kajd fokak'
• m%;sixfhdað; DNA ;dlaIKh hkq l=ula ±hs y÷kajd fokak'
• cdk laf,daKlrKh ms<sn| idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• DNA ;dlaIKfha § fhdod .kakd my; i|yka úúO jdyl j¾. yd
tajdfha jeo.;alu m%ldY lrñka fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh lsÍug
isiqka fufyhjkak'
35
• nelaàßhd ma,diañv
• NlaIl
• hSiaÜ ^lD;s%u&
• m%;sixfhdað; DNA ;dlaIKfha § jdyl" DNA mqia;ld,"
m%;sj¾;Hh g%dkaials%mafÜia yd i<l=Kq cdkj, ld¾hNdrh j.=.;
lsÍug isiqkaj fufyhjkak'
• cdk$ DNA LKav laf,darKlrKfha m%Odk mshjr ,ehsia;=.;
• my; i|yka cdk we;=<;a lsÍfï moaO;s yd l%u ms<sn| f;dr;=re
tla /ia lsÍug yd jd¾;djla ieliSug isiqka fufyhjkak'
• mßKdukh
• mdrkhkh
• Agrobacterium u; mejÍu
• cdk ;=jlal=

• isiqkaf.a jd¾;dj my; ks¾Kdhl u; w.hkak'
• f;dr;=rej, wod<;ajh yd ksrjoH;djh
• f;dr;=rej, m%udKj;aNdjh
• WodyrK
• wdYs;
%
36
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2'2( DNA úYaf,aIKh ms<sn| hdj;ald,Sk fõ'
ld,Éfþo ( 07 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ksfrdaO is;shï" DNA wkql%u" DNA we`.s,s i,l=Kq" fmd,suf¾i odu
m%;sls%hdj hkq l=ula ±hs m%ldY lrhs'
• ksfrdaO is;shï" DNA wkql%u" DNA we`.s,s i,l=Kq" fmd,suf¾i odu
m%;sls%hdfõ jeo.;alu ms<sn| o< ieleiaula ilihs'
• DNA úYaf,aIKfha ;ajrl l%shdj,s f,i PCR pl%h w.h lrhs'

• DNA úYaf,aIKfha § fhdod .kakd my; i|yka ;dlaIK ms<sn|
flá ye¢kaùula isiqkag ,nd fokak'
• ksfrdaO is;shï
• DNA wkqlu
%
• DNA we`.s,s i,l=Kq
• fmd,suf¾i odu m%;sls%hdj (PCR)
• by; i|yka DNA úYaf,aIK ;dlaIKj, jeo.;alu ms<sn| f;dr;=re
.fõIKhg isiqkag iydh jkak' ta fidhd.ekSï lKavdhï jYfhka
bÈßm;a lsÍug bv ,nd fokak'
• ksfrdaO is;shï" DNA wkql%u" DNA we`.s,s i,l=Kq" fmd,suf¾i odu
m%;sls%hdj ms<sn| idrdxYh ilia lsÍug yd tys jeo.;alu ,ehsia;=.;
lsÍug isiqkag mjikak'

• DNA úYaf,aIKhg wod< ;dlaIK ms<sn| ,sÅ; mßlaIKhla u`.ska
isiqka w.hkak'
37
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2'3 ( cdk ;dlaIKfha Ndú; ms<sn| hdj;ald,Sk fjhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • cdk úlrKhl< Ôùka hkq ljqreka ±hs m%ldY lrhs'

• ffjoH úoHdfõ §" lDIsl¾udka;fha § yd l¾udka;j, § cdk
úlrKh lrk ,o Ôùkaf.a Ndú; i|yd WodyrK imhhs'
• m%fõKslj úlrKh lrk ,o Ôùka Ndú;h ksid we;s jk
mdßißl" iudc" wd¾Ól .eg¨ fidhd n,hs'
• ldgðkd .súiqu yd cd;sl ffcj iqrlaI;d .súiqu fláfhka
úia;r lrhs'
• wka;¾cd;sl .súiqu yd cd;sl ffcj iqrlaI;d .súiqu ñksia
j¾.hdf.a meje;aug we;s jeo.;alu w.h lrhs'
• l=;=y,h okjk yd u;fNaoj,g ;=vqfok lafIa;%hla f,i cdk
;dlaIKh w.h lrhs'
• úúO flaIa;% j, cdk ;dlaIKfha fh§ï w.h lrhs'

• ffjoH úoHdfõ" lDIsl¾udka;fha yd l¾udka;j, § fhdod .kakd
iqÿiq WodyrK Ndú;fhka zm%fõkslj úlrKh lrk ,o ÔùkaZZ
y÷kajd fokak'
• zm%fõKslj úlrKhZ lrk ,o Ôùka ms<sn| iqÿiq w¾: ±laùula
f.dvkexùug isiqkag iydh jkak'
• m%fõKslj úlrKh lrk ,o Ôùka ksid we;sjk mdßißl yd iudc"
wd¾Ól .eg,q ms<sn| f;dr;=re tla/ia lsÍug isiqkag mjrkak' ta
f;dr;=re lKavdhula jYfhka bÈßm;a lsÍug isik
q g
a bv ,nd fokak'
• ffjoH úoHdfõ §" lDIsl¾udka;fha § iy l¾udka;j, § m%fõKslj
úlrKh lrk ,o Ôùkaf.a Ndú; ms<ns | WodyrK ±lafjk fmdaig
a rhla
ks¾udKh lsÍug isiqkag mjikak'
• ldgðkd .súiqfï yd cd;sl ffcj iqrlaI;d .súiqfï wruqKq yd
jeo.;alu fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka isiqkaf.a fmdaiagrh
w.hkak'
• o;a;j, ixúOdkh
38
08 tallh - mdßißl Ôj úoHdj
ksmqK;dj 8'1'0 ( Ôùka yd mßirh w;r wka;¾ iïnkaO;d ms<sno Ôj úoHd;aul

úYaf,aIKhl fhfohs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'1'1( mßir moaO;shl ix>gl úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • mßir Ôj úoHdj hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs

• mßir Ôj úoHdj wOHhkh lsÍfï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• mßirfha Ôj ixúOdk uÜgï w¾: olajhs'
• m%Odk ffcj yd wffcj ix>gl ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• mßirfha úúO ixúOdk uÜgï ;sîu w.h lrhs'

• mrsir Ôj úoHdj i|yd w¾: ±laùula f.dvkexùug isiqkag iydh
jkak'
• mrs i r Ôj úoHdj wOHhkfha jeo.;a l u ms < s n | idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• taffllhd isg ffcjf.da,h olajd mßirfha we;s ixúOdk uÜgï
±laùug .e,Sï igykla ieliSug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
• mßirfha we;s tla tla ixúOdk uÜgï w¾: olajd" tajdg wod< WodyrK
,nd fokak'
• lafIa;% pdßldjla ixúOdkh lr" mßirfha we;s ffcj yd wffcj
ix>gl ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak' mßirfha we;s tu
ffcj yd wffcj ix>glj, jeo.;alu bÈßm;a lsÍug isiqkag
mjikak'

• isiqkaf.a .e,Sï igyk my; ks¾Kdhl Ndú;fhka w.hkak'
• ksrjoH;dj
• ksjerÈ .,d hEu
39
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'1'2( mßir moaO;shl m%Odk ls%hdj,s wkafõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ksfla;kh yd jdiia:dk hk ixl,am fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• Ôj yd wÔj ix>gl w;r iïnkaO;d y÷kd .kshs'
• fok ,o mßir moaO;sj, wdydr odu yd wdydr cd, f.dvkxjhs'
• wdydr oduhla Tiafia Yla;sh ydks jk wdldrh úia;r lrhs'
• mßir moaO;sh ;=< øjH yd Yla;sh .,d hk wdldrh ms<sn| .e,Sï
igykla w¢hs'
• msróv j¾. meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• mßir moaO;shl ffcj yd wffcj ix>gl w;r wka;¾ls%hd
w.h lrhs'

• mdi,a j;a;g fCIa;% pdßldjla iQodkï lrkak'
• mßirfha yuq jk úúO wka;¾lsh
% d fiùug isik
q g
a u`. fmkajkak'
• mßirfha we;s csj yd wÔj ix>gl w;r we;s iïnkaO;d y÷kd
.ekSug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• mßir moaO;sfha isák Ôùka w;r we;s wdydr mqreÿ ksÍlaIKhg
• Tjqkaf.a ksÍlaIKj,ska wdydr cd,hla f.dvke.Sug Wmfoia
fokak'
• tu wdydr cd,h ;=< úúO wdydr odu biau;= lsÍug mjikak'
• wjidkfha mßir moaO;sh ;=< øjH yd Yla;h
s .,k wdldrh ms<n
s |
biau;= lsÍug idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• iqÿiq WodyrK Ndú;fhka úúO wdydr msróv j¾. y÷kajd fokak'
• iqÿiq WodyrK Ndú;fhka ksfla;k yd jdiia:dk ixl,amh y÷kajd
fokak'

• isiqkaf.a wdydr cd,h my; ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka w.hkak'
• ksrjoH;dj
• wod<;ajh
• m%udKj;a nj
40
ksmqK;dj 8'2'0 ( f.da,Sh yd foaYSh Ôj mßir ix>glj, úIucd;Sh iajNdjh
.fõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'2'1( f,dalfha m%Odk ìfhdau ms<sn| wkafõIKh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ìfhdauh w¾: olajhs'

• f,dalfha m%Odk fN!ñl ìfhdau ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• m%Odk fN!ñl ìfhdauj, jHdma;sh f,dal is;shul ,l=Kq lrhs'
• m%Odk ,dlaIKsl ,laIK Ndú; lrñka fjkia j¾.j, ìfhdau
fjka fldg y÷kd .kshs ^WIaK;ajh" j¾Idm;kh" Ydl ,laIK"
i;a;aj ,laIK iy ñksia n,mEï&'
• ìfhdauj, úúO;ajh w.h lrhs'

• ìfhdauh i|yd w¾: ±laùula f.dvkexùug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• m%Odk fN!ñl ìfhdau ,ehsi;
a .
= ; lsÍug isik
q g
a iyhjkak' ^ksj¾;k
jkdka;r" ijdkd" ldka;dr" pmrd,a" fi!uH l,dmSh ;DKìï" m<,a
m;% ork jkdka;r" W;=re fla;=Or jkdka;r" iy ;=kaød&
• f,dal is;shul fï ìfhdau jHdma;sh ,l=Kq lsÍug isiqkag u`.
fmkajkak'
• fok ,o mska;+r$ ,sms$ ùäfhda Ndú;fhka tla tla ìfhdaufha ,laIK
Wmqgd .ekSug u`. fmkajkak' Wmqgd .kakd ,o ,laIK fhdod
.ksñka" ta ìfhdau fjka lr .ekSu i|yd isiqkag iydh jkak'

• isiqkaf.a is;shu my; ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka w.hkak'
• ksrjoH;dj
• ms<sfj<
41
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'2'2( Y%S ,xldfõ mßir moaO;s ms<sn| wkafõIKh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 12 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • Y%S ,xldfõ fjkia j¾.j, mßir moaO;s m%ldY lrhs'

• Y%S ,xldfõ mßir moaO;sj, ,dlaIKsl ,laIK ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• tla tla mßir moaO;sfha msysàu is;shul fmkakqï lrhs'
• fok ,o mßir moaO;sj, m%uqL úfYaI m%ldY lrhs'
• fCIa;% pdßldjlg miq YS% ,xldfõ mj;sk ´kE u mßir moaO;shla
ms<sn| flá bÈßm;a lsÍula lrhs'
• Y%S ,xldfõ mßir moaO;sj, úúO;ajh w.h lrhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ we;s mßir moaO;s j¾. ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqkag
iydhjkak' ^my;rg jeis jkdka;r" úh<s fudaiï jkdka;r" l÷lr
jkdka;r" lgq le,E" ijkd" m;k" .x.d yd we< fod<" c,dY yd jeõ"
j.=re ìï yd ye,s" ú,a¨" l,mq yd .xfudah" lfvd,dk" fldr,a mr"
uqyqÿ fjr<" je,s l÷" uqyqÿ ;DK fm;a" yd ,jK j.=re&'
• YS% ,xldfõ is;shula ,nd § " tla tla mßir moaO;sfha msysàu ,l=Kq
lsÍug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• rEmigyka$ ùäfhda$ fCIa;% pdßld u.ska tla tla mßir moaO;sfha
,dlaIKsl ,laIK ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• tla tla mßir moaO;sfha m%uqL úfYaIh y÷kd .ekSug isiqkag u`.
fmkajkak'
• YS% ,xldfõ m%Odk mßir moaO;s ms<sn| isiq lKavdhïj,g bÈßm;a
lsÍula isÿ lsÍug u`. fmkajkak'

• isiq lKavdhïj, bÈßm;a lsÍu my; ks¾Kdhl Ndú;fhka w.hkak'
• ksrjoH;dj
• ms<sfj<
42
ksmqK;dj 8'3'0 ( mßir ix>glhla f,i ffcj úúO;ajh .fõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'3'1( udkj l%shdldrlïj,g wod<j ffcj úúO;ajh yd ;¾ck

.fõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 07 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ffcj úúO;ajh" mßir moaO;s úúO;ajh" úfYaI úúO;ajh iy

m%fõKs úúO;ajh w¾: olajhs'
• m%Odk f;audjkag wod< ffcj úúO;ajfha jákdlu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• ffcj úúO;aj ydhkh isÿ jk m%Odk ud¾. myla YS% ,dxlsl
WodyrK iys;j m%ldY lrhs'
• kIag ùu iajdNdúl ls%hdj,shla jk kuq;a ñksia ls%hdldrï u.ska
kIag ùfï fõ.h wêlj jeä jk nj meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• r;= o;a; .%ka:hg wkqj ;¾ckhg ,la jQ úfYaI w¾: olajhs'
• ffcj úúO;aj WKqiqï l,dm w¾: olajhs'
• iqÿiq YS% ,dxlsl WodyrK ,nd foñka fok ,o mo w¾: ±laùï isÿ
lrhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ w;súYd, ffcj úúO;ajh w.h lrñka" th wdrlaId
lr .ekSug .; hq;= ls%hdud¾.j, jeo.;alu y÷kd .kshs'

• ffcj úúO;ajh" mßir moaO;s úúO;ajh" úfYaI úúO;ajh yd m%fõKs
úúO;ajh hk mo i|yd w¾: ±laùula f.dvkexùug isiqkag iydh
jkak'
• my; f;aud hgf;a ffcj úúO;ajfhka jákdlu mss<sn| fmd;a msxpla
ieliSug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• jdKscuh yd jdKscuh fkdjk øjH
• mßirh
• úfkdaoh
• wdpdr O¾u
• fiajd
• ffcj úúO;ajh ydhkh jk wdldr myla f,i jdiia:dk wysñ ùu
yd lv lv ùu" wêmßfNdackh" mßir ¥IKh" wdl%uKsl wd.ka;=l
úfYaI y÷kajd§u yd foaY.=Kl
s úm¾hdi f,i iqÿiq YS% ,dxlsl WodyrK
Ndú;fhka ,shd ±laùug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• kIag ùu iajdNdúl ls%hdj,shlajk kuq;a ñksidf.a ls%hdldrlï ksid
tys fõ.fha úYd, jeä ùula isÿ ù we;s nj úia;r lsÍug idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
43
• r;= o;a; fmd;g wkqj my; ±lafjk ;¾ckhg ,la jq úfYaI w¾:
olajkak' tajdg wod< i;A;aj yd Ydl WodyrK ,nd fokak'
• wka;rdhg ,la ùug bv we;s
• wka;rdhg ,la jQ
• w;sYhska wka;rdhg ,la jQ
• jkuh f,i kIag jQ
• ffcj úúO;aj WKqiqï l,dm i|yd w¾: ±laùula f.dvkexùug
• my; i|yka ldKav iqÿiq WodyrK ^Y%S ,dxlsl& iu`.ska y÷kajd fokak'
• tal foaYSh úfYaI
• foaYSh úfYaI
• úfoaYsl úfYaI
• m¾hgk úfYaI
• wjYsIag úfYaI
• OchOdß úfYaI
• uQ,ia:dk úfYaI
• wdl%uKsl úfYaI

• fmd;a msxp my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka w.hkak'
• ksrjoH;dj
• wod<;ajh
• m%udKj;a nj
• wdYs;
%
44
ksmqK;dj 8'4'0 ( mßirhg wod< jQ f.da,Ssh .eg¨ .fõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'4'1( f.da,Sh mdßißl .eg¨ ms<sn| hdj;ald,Sk fõ'

ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • m%Odk f.da,Sh mdßißl .eg¨ ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'

• f.da,Sh WKqiqï ùu yd foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi" ´fidaka úhk ydhkh"
wï, jeis" ldka;drlrKh hk tajdfha w¾:h m%ldY lrhs
• f.da,Sh WKqiqï ùu yd foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdih" ´fidaka úhk
ydhkh" wï, jeis" ldka;drlrKhg odhl jk idOl meyeÈ,s
lrhs
• f.da,Sh WKqiqï ùu yd foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdih" ´fidaka úhk
ydhkh" wï, jeis" ldka;drlrKh hk tajdfha n,mEu meyeÈ,s
lrhs
• f.da,Sh mdßißl .eg¨ we;s ùu flfrys ñksia n,mEï wju
lsÍug wjYH ls%hdud¾. .ekSfï jeo.;alu ms<s.kshs'

• m%Odk f.da,Sh mdßißl .eg¨ ms<sn| y÷kajd §ug idlÉPdjla
fufyhjd" m%Odk f.da,Sh mdßißl .eg¨ ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqkag
mjikak'
• my; i|yka m%Odk mdßißl .eg¨ ms<sn| f;dr;=re mqj;am;a i`.rd"
wka;¾cd,h jeks úúO m%Njj,ska fiùug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• f.da,Sh WKqiqï ùu yd foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi
• ´fidaka úhk ydhkh
• ldka;drlrKh
• wï, jeis
• by; m%Odk f.da,Sh .eg¨" tajdg odhl jk idOl" tys n,mEu yd
tajd wju lr .kakd wdldrh ms<sn| uKav, idlÉPdjla (panel
discussion) fufyhùug Wmfoia fokak'

• isiqkaf.a uKav, idlÉPdj my; ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka w.hkak'
• ls%hdldß iyNd.s;ajh
• ld, l<ukdlrKh
45
ksmqK;dj 8'5'0 ( mßir yd ffcj úúO;aj ixrlaIK ms<sn| l%u .fõIKh lrhs
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'5'1( ffcj úúO;ajh yd mßirh f.da,Sh yd cd;sl uÜgñka

ixrlaIKh lrk wdldrh wkafõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ia:dkSh yd ú;eka ixrlaIK l%u WodyrK iys;j meyeÈ,s lrhs

• f.da,Sh .súiqï" m%Odk cd;sl kS;s iïmdok iy tajd ms<sn|
mßmd,kh ms<sn| ±kqu iy wjfndaOh wdo¾Ykh lrhs'
• ffcj úúO;aj ixrlaIKh i|yd wka;¾cd;sl .súiqï iy
cd;sl kS;s mej;Sfï jeo.;alu ms<s.kshs'

• ia:dkSh (In -situ) iy ú;eka (Ex-situ) ixrlaIK l%u ms<sn|
• ia:dkSh iy ú;eka ixrlaIK lsh
% dud¾. i|yd ksoiqka fiùug isik
q g
a
u`. fmkajkak'
• my; i|yka wka;¾cd;sl .súiqï ms<sn| úúO m%Nj u`.ska f;dr;=re
tla/ialr" ì;a;s mqj;am;la ^Wall Paper) ilia lsÍug isik
q g
a Wmfoia
fokak'
• CITES
• ffcj úúO;aj iïuq;sh
• Ramsar iïuq;h
s
• Marpol iïuq;sh
• fudkaá%h,a m%{ma;sh
• lsfhdaf;da iïuq;sh
• ndi,a iïuq;sh
• my; i|yka cd;sl mdßißl kS;s u;= lr olajñka idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• Ydl iy i;a;aj wdrlaIl wd{d mk;
• cd;sl mßißl mk;

• my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lr ì;a;s mqj;am; w.hkak'
• ksrjoH;dj
• ks¾udKYS,s;ajh
46
09 tallh - CIqøÔj úoHdj
ksmqK;dj9'1'0 ( laIqøÔj úúO;ajh yd Tjqka yeisrùu wkafõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'1'1( laIqøÔùkaf.a úúO;ajh yd iajNdjh ms<sn| .fõIKh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 10 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • laIqøÔùkaf.a iajNdjh fláfhka m%ldY lrhs'

• laIqøÔù j¾. m%ldY lrhs'
• laIqøÔùkaf.a rEmSh" fmdaIK yd ldhl¾óh úúO;ajh fláfhka
meyeos,s lrhs' ^nelaàßhd" ihfkdnelaàÍhd" talffi,Sh
fm%daáiagdjka" È,Sr" fud,slshqÜia&
• jhsrij, ,dlaIKsl ,laIK fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• úúO jhsri j¾. m%ldY lrhs'
• nelaàßhd NlaIlhl Ôjkpl%fha mshjr my m%ldY lrhs'
• frda.ldrl f,i jhsri" jhsfrdhsv yd ms%fhdak meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• CaIqø Ôj f,dalfha w;súYd, úúO;ajh w.h lrhs'

• laIqøÔùkaf.a iajNdjh yd wdldrh ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqkag iydh
jkak'
• fmdl=Kq c,h" ¥Is; wdydr" Èrdm;a jk øjH jeks idïm, isiqka ,jd
f.kajd ta idïm, wdf,dal wkaaùlaIfhka ksÍlaIKh lsÍug wjia:dj
i,id fokak'
• by; i|yka ksÍlaIK mokï lr CIqøÔùkaf.a rEmSh úúO;ajh biau;=
lsÍug idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• m%NdiajhxfmdaIk
S "a m%NdúIufmdaIk
S "a ridhksl iajhxfmdaIk
S "a ridhksl
úIufmdaISka hk CIqøÔú fmdaIK l%u iqÿiq WodyrK iys;j idlÉPd
lrkak'
• iqÿiq WodyrK Ndú; lrñka CIqøÔùkaf.a ldhsl úoHd;aul úúO;ajh
idlÉPd lrkak'
• úúO CIqøÔùkaf.a kso¾Yl$ ilia lrk ,o lod$ mska;+r isiqkag
imhd CIqøÔùkaf.a j¾.SlrK úúO;ajh idlÉPd lrkak'
• frda. ldrl f,i jhsri" jhsfrdhsv iy ms%fhdak ms<sn| idlÉPd
lrkak'
• msk;
a r
+ $ rEmigyka$ úäfhda o¾Yk Ndú; lrñka nelaàßhd NlaIlhl
Ôjkpl%h meyeÈ,s lrkak'
47
• my; i|yka ud;Dld hgf;a bÈßm;a ls Í ula is ÿ ls Í ug is i q
lKavdhïj,g mjrkak'
• CIqøÔùkaf.a rEmSh úúO;ajh
• CIqøÔùkaf.a fmdaIK úúO;ajh
• ldhsl úoHd;aul úúO;ajh

• isiq lKavdhïj, bÈßm;a lsÍï my; i|yka ks¾Kdhlj,g wkqj
w.hkak'
• ksjerÈ f;dr;=re
• ld, l<ukdlrKh
• lKavdhï iyfhda.s;dj
48
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'1'2 ( CIqøÔj úoHdfõ uQ,sl úoHd.dr l%ufõo .fõIKh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • frdamK udOH ^NA iy PDA) ieliSfï l=i,;d j¾Okh lr

.ekSu iy ÔjdKqyrK l%u iy ir, j¾K .ekaùfï l%u fhdod
.ksh's
• CIqøÔúSka wOHhkh iy tÈfkod Ôú;fha § Tjqkaf.a Ndú;h
ms<sn| m%S;su;a fjhs'
• ÔjdKqyrKh iy tys jeo.;alu ms<sn| idlÉPdjla lsÍug isiqka

fufyhjkak'
• úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl ÔjdKqyrK l%u yd tajdg mdol jk
uQ,O¾u .fõIKh lsÍug mjrkak'
• fN!;sl - f;;a ;dmh" úh<s ;dmh" mg, fmryka" UV úlsrK
• ridhksl - úIîc kdYl
• my; oS we;s j.=j iïmQ¾K lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
øjH$WmlrK ÔjdKqyrK l%uh wod< mÍlaId ;;a;aj

c,h
PDA
;dm wia:dhs udOH
wduq;=,k lgq
iq¿ ie;alï i|yd Ndú;
lrk ie; ^Scalpal&
ùÿre NdKav
ma,diaála isßkac¾
t<j¿$m,;=re
• fmdaIH ta.d¾ iy w¾;dm,a fvlaiafg%dia jeks frdamK udOH iEoSug

• by; i|yka frdamK udOH ÔjdKqyrKhg iqÿiq ÔjdKqyrK l%u
Ndú; lsÍug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
• CIqø Ôj idïm,j,ska ^rd" fhda.Ü' uQ, .eá;s& wod< frdamK udOHh
wdl%uKh lrkak'
• fhda.Ü$ rdj, isák nelaàßhd j¾K .ekaùug ir, j¾K .ekaùfï
l%u fhdod .ekSug Wmfoia fokak'
49
• my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lrñka isiqkaf.a ir, j¾K.ekaùfï
l%u w.hkak'
• WmlrK ksis f,i Ndú; lsÍu
• ksjerÈ l%u Ndú; lsÍu
• ksjerÈj y÷kd .ekSu
50
ksmqK;dj 9'2'0 ( udkj wdidok frda.ldrl f,i laIqøÔùka ms<sn|
wkafõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'2'1 ( wdidok frda.j,g wod< ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u ms<sn| .fõIKh
lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • ñksia isrer ;=< isák idudkH laIøÔj iuqodfha iajNdjh" jHdma;sh
yd Tjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh úia;r lrhs'
• wdidok frda.j,g wod< mo meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• jHdêckl laIqøÔùkaf.a jeo.;a ,dlaIKsl ,laIK m%ldY lrhs'
• jHdêckl;djg wod< m%pKav;d idOlj, jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs’
• jHdêckl;dj flfrys OQ,lckl;dj yd m%pKav;d idOlj,
jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• wka;#OQ,l yd nys¾OQ,l w;r fjki meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• wk;#OQ,l yd nys¾OQ,l ksmojk CIqøÔùka i|yd WodyrK m%ldY
lrhs
• jHdêcklhka ñksia isrerg we;=¿ jk m%fõYud¾. m%ldY lrhs'
• wdidok frda.hla we;s lsÍfuys ,d jHdêckl laIqøÔùkaf.a
iajNdjh y÷kd .kshs'
• ñksia iu" wei" iakdhq moaO;sh" yD;a ikd, moaO;sh" Yajik
moaO;sh" wdydr ÔrK moaO;sh" m%ckl moaO;sh" fu!;% moaO;sh iy
m%;sYla;slrK moaO;sh wdÈfha we;s jk m%Odk wdidok frda.
tajdfha frda. ldrl o iu`. m%ldY lrhs'
• ñksia iu" wei" iakdhq moaO;sh" yD;a ikd, moaO;sh" Yajik
moaO;sh" wdydr ÔrK moaO;sh" m%ckl moaO;sh" fu!;% moaO;sh iy
m%;sYla;slrK moaO;sh wdÈfha we;s jk m%Odk wdidok frda.
j<lajd .kakd wdldr meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• frda. iE§fuys ,d laIqøÔùkaf.a ld¾hNdrh jgyd .kshs'

• ñksia foayh ;=< isák idudkH CIqøÔù iuqodfha iajNdjh" me;sÍu
iy ld¾hNdrh meyeÈ,s lsÍug idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• wdidok frda.j,g wod<j my; i|yka mo meyeÈ,s lsÍug idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• jHdêcklhd
• jHdêckl;dj
• Odrlhd
• mrfmdaIs;hd
• Odrlhd yd mrfmdaIs;hd$jHdêcklhd w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj
51
• m%pKav;dj
• OQ,l
• m%fõY ud¾.
• my; oS we;s f;dr;=re we;=<;a j.=j f.dvkexùug YsIHhskg
a mjrkak'
OQ,lj, ku nysIaOQ,l$wka;#OQ,l WodyrK

ihsfgdfgdlaiSka
tkagfrdfgdlaiSka
kshqfrdfgdlaiska
• ñksia isref¾ my; § we;s ia:dkj, we;s jk m%Odk wdidok frda. iy

ta frda. i|yd fya;= jk frdal ldrlhka we;=<;a j.=jla f.dvkexùug
• udkj iu
• weia
• iakdhq moaO;sh
• yD;a ikd, moaO;sh
• Yajik moaO;sh
• wdydr ÔrK moaO;sh
• m%ckk moaO;sh
• fu!;% moaO;sh
• m%;sYla;slrK moaO;sh

• my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl hgf;a isiqkaf.a j.=j w.hkak'
52
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'2'2 ( laIqøÔj .yk md,kh lsÍfï l%u .fõIKh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • CIqøÔùka u.ska je,f|k frda. md,kh lsÍfuys § jHdidOl yd

m%;smQ;slj, ld¾hNdrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• jHdidOl yd m%;smQ;sl fjka lr m%ldY lrhs'
• CIaqøÔj frda. md,kh i|yd m%;sÔjlj, ld¾hNdrh m%ldY lrhs'
• tkak;a wdldr i|yka lrhs'
• CIaqøÔj wdidok frda. u¾okfha § tÈfkod Ôú;fha iajia:;d
mqreÿj, jeo.;alu w.h lrhs'
• wdidok frda. u¾okh i|yd lD;s%u m%;sYla;slrK l%u w.h
lrhs'

• m%;smQ;sl yd jHdidol iïnkaO Wmfoia iys; f,an,a isiqkag ,nd
fokak'
• m%;smQ;sl yd jHdidOl fjka lr .ekSug isiqkag iydh jkak'
• CIqøÔùka u.ska je,f|k frda. md,kh yd iïnkaOj jHdidol"
m%;smQ;sl iy m%;sÔjlj, ld¾hNdrh ms<sn|j újD; idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• nyq,j Ndú; jk tkak;a yd ridhksl Ñls;ailj, kï ,nd §
m%;Y
s la;l
s rKh hkak y÷kajd fokak' m%;Y
s la;l
s rK j¾. îajdNdúl
iy lD;s%u& ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
• foayh ;=< § ls%hd;aul jk m%;sYla;slrK l%u j¾. ms<sn| iqÿiq
WodyrK iys;j j.=jla f.dvkexùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

• j.=j, we;s f;dr;=rej, ksrjoH;dj w.hkak'
53
ksmqK;dj 9'3' 0 ( l¾udka;" lDIsl¾uh yd mßirh l<ukdlrKh i|yd laIqø
Ôùka Ndú;h yd lDIsl¾uh i|yd mdxY= CIqøÔùkaf.a we;s
odhl;ajh wkafõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'3'1 ( l¾udka;" lDIsl¾uh yd mßirh l<ukdlrKh i|yd

laIqøÔùka fhdod .ekSu ms<sn| wkafõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • jdKsc ksIamdok i|yd CIqøÔùka Ndú; lsÍfï jdis úia;r lrhs'
• M, iE§u i|yd jeo.;a jk laIqøÔùkaf.a mßjD;a;Sh l%shdj,s
uQ,O¾u meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• úúO jdKsc ksIamdokj, § laIqøÔùkaf.a fh§ï m%ldY lrhs'
• laIqøÔùka u.ska isÿ flfrk úúO l¾udka;uh fh§ï m%ldY lrhs'
• laIqøÔùka" Tjqkaf.a ksIamdÈ; yd ksIamdok l%shdj,sh u; mokï jQ
l¾udka; fjka fldg olajhs'
• mßir l<ukdlrKfha § laIqøÔùkaf.a Ndú; m%ldY lrhs'
• lDIsl¾udka;fha § laIqøÔùkaf.a Ndú; m%ldY lrhs'
• l¾udka; i|yd ridhksl l%shdj,sj,g jvd laIqøÔùka fhdod
.ekSfï jdis w.h lrhs'

• CIqøÔùka mokï lr isÿ lrk l¾udka; ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug
isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
• ta l¾udka; CIqøÔùka" CIqøÔú M, iy CIqøÔú ls%hdj,s u; mokï jQ
l¾udka; f,i fjka lrkak'
• CIqøÔú mßjD;a;Sh ls%hdj,sj,g wod< uQ,O¾u ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug
isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
• jdKsc M, ksIamdokfha § CIaøÔùka fhdod.ekSfï jdis ,ehsia;=.;
lsÍug isiqkag mjrkak'
• my; i|yka lreKq ms<n s | wjOdkh fhduq lrñka CIqøÔùkaf.a fjk;a
fh§ï ms<sn| ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
• mdßißl l<ukdlrKh
• lDIsl¾udka;h
• ridhksl ls%hdj,sj,g jvd CIqøÔú ls%hdj,sj, jdis iy wjdis
ikaikaokh lsÍug isiqkag mjrkak'
• ñksidf.a myiqj i|yd CIqøÔùkaf.a Ndú; i|yd ixl,am is;shula
ilia lrkak' ^l¾udka;" lDIsl¾uh yd mßir ¥IKh i|yd m%;sl¾u'
54
• isiqka úiska ilia lrk ,o ixl,am is;shu my; i|yka
ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lr ;lafiare lrkak'
• ksjerÈ wka;¾-iïnkaO;dj
• ld, l<ukdlrKh
• ixl,am igyfkys ixlS¾K;dj
55
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'3'2 ( mdxY= fi!LHh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd mdxY= laIqøÔùkaf.a
l%shdldß;ajh .fõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • laIqøÔùkaf.a j¾Okh i|yd mfia ridhksl yd fN!;sl mßirh

fi!LH iïmkak udOHhla f,i ls%hd lrkafka flfia ±hs meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
• mdxY= laIqøÔùkaf.a iajNdjh" jHdma;sh yd ld¾hNdrh meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
• øjH pl%SlrKfha § úfhdaclhka jYfhka mdxY= laIqøÔùkaf.a
ld¾hNd¾h meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• khsg%cka" ldnka pl%j, oS yd Lksc Njkfha § laIqøÔùkaf.a
iqúfYaI ld¾hNd¾h úia;drKh lrhs'
• Ydl j¾Okhg wod<j mdxY= laIqøÔùkaf.a wkaa;¾ls%hd úia;r lrhs'
• mdxY= .=Kd;aulNdjh jeäÈhqKq lsÍfuys ,d laIqøÔùkaf.a
ld¾hNdrh úia;r lrhs'
• laIqøÔùka i;= úfhdack ld¾hNdrh w.h lrhs'

• wyUq f,i ,nd .;a mia idïm, NA iy PDA udOHhkag wdl%uKh
lr" tu ksßlaIK wdrïNl mshjr f,i Ndú; lrñka" CIqøÔùka
i|yd b;d iqÿiq udOHhla mi u.ska imhk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• mfia we;s fN!;sl iy ridhksl mßirh mdxY= CIqøÔùka i|yd
iajdNdúl udOHhla imhk nj idlÉPd lrkak'
• pl%ShlrK ls%hdj,sh meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd khsg%cka pl%h" ldnka pl%h
iy LkscNjkh iys; j.= Ndú; lrkak'
• mdxY= CIqøÔùkaf.a ld¾hNdrh ms<sn| f;dr;=re tla /ia lr bÈßm;a
lsÍula isÿ lsÍug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'

• isiqkaf.a bÈßm;a lsÍï my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lr w.hkak'
• wod<;ajh
• iqÿiq WodyrK
56
ksmqK;dj 9'4' 0 ( c,fha .=Kd;aul Ndjh mj;ajd .ekSu iy >k wmøjH
l<ukdlrKh i|yd laIqøÔj úoHd;aul ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u
Ndú; lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'4'1 ( mdkSh c, iemhqu yd wmc,h l<ukdlrKh i|yd CIqøÔj

úoHd;aul ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u Ndú; lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • mdkSh c,h ¥IKh úh yels ud¾. meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• u,øjHj,ska c,h ¥IKh ùu y÷kd .ekSug o¾Ylhla f,i
flda,sf*daï nelaàßhdfõ jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
• c,h u`.ska iïfm%aIKh lrkq ,nk frda. ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• kd.ßl mdkSh c,h msßmyÿ msßh;l c,h msßhï lsÍfï mshjr
fláfhka m%ldY lrhs
• iajdNdúl c, m%Njj,g wmc,h uqodyeÍfï n,mEu úia;r lrhs'
• c,h ¥IKh yd tys n,mEï bj;a lr .ekSu i|yd wmc,h msßhï
lsÍfï l%uj, jeo.;alu w.h lrhs'

• c,fha .=Kd;aulNdjh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd CIqøÔj úoHd;aul ixl,am
yd uQ,O¾u y÷kajd fokak'
• mdkSh c,h ¥IKh jk wdldrh ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak'
• c,h u.ska iïfm%aIKh jk frda. ms<sn| nqoaê l,ïnk ieishla
fufyhjkak'
• u,øjHj,ska ¥IKh ùu y÷kd .ekSu i|yd flda,sf*daï o¾Ylhla
f,i fhdod.ekSfï jeo.;alu y÷kajd fokak' tys ,dlaIKsl ,laIK
y÷kajd fokak'
• c,h msßmyÿ lsÍfï msßh;la fmkakqï lrk j.= Wmfhda.s lr
.ksñka" c, msßmyÿ lsßfï mshjr úia;r lrkak'
• c, msßmyÿ ls%hdj,sh i|yd .e,Sï igykla we§ug isiqkag mjrkak'
• wmc,h ms<sn| w¾: ±laùula f.dvkexùug isiqkag mjrkak'
• iajdNdúl c, m%Njj,g wmc,h ksoyia lsÍfuka we;s jk n,mEï
• wmc,h ksoyia lsÍfuka we;s jk c, ¥IKh u.ska we;s jk n,mEï
,ehsia;=.; lsÍug mjrkak'
• wmc,h l<ukdlrKfha jeo.;alu wjfndaO lrjkak'
• mska;+r$ úäfhda$ rEmigyka$ lafIa;% pdßldjla wdY%fhka wmc,h
msßmyÿ lsÍfï msßh;l mshjr yd tys uQ,O¾u úia;r lrkak'
• ld¾ñl c, msßmyÿ lsÍfï msßh;l m%Odk mshjr .e,Sï igykla
u.ska ±laùug isiqkag mjrkak'
57
• my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka isiqkaf.a .e,Sï igyk
w.hkak'
• ksjerÈ wka;¾-iïnkaO;d
58
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'4'2 ( mdßißl iu;=,s;;dj yd ikSmdrlaIdj i|yd >k wmøjH
m%;splS%lrKfha jeo.;alu .fõIKh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • >k wmøjHj, iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• mdßißl yd ikSmdrlaIdj i|yd >k wmøjH m%;spl%SlrKfha
jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKh i|yd wod< ;dlaIKsl l%u úia;r
lrhs'
• >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKfha jeo.;alu w.h lrhs

• zz>k wm øjHZ i|yd w¾: ±laùula f.dvke.Sug isik
q g
a u`. fmkajkak'
• >k wmøjH ksid wm rg ;=< we;s jQ úúO fÄojdpl ms<sn| f;dr;=re
tl;= lsÍug isik
q a fhduq lrkak' bka miq ta ms<n
s | jd¾;djla ieliSug
mjikak'
• >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKh iïnkaO m%;sl¾u ms<sn| idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKfha jeo.;alu ms<sn| wjfndaO lrjkak'
• my; ±lafjk oE y÷kajd fokak'
• m%;splS%lrKh yd >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKh
• fuu l%uj, mdßißl yd ikSmdrlaIl jeo.;alu
• >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKfha Ndú;jk l%ufõo

• isiqkaf.a jd¾;dj my; ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka w.hkak'
• wod<;ajh
• kshñ; ld,fha§ bÈßm;a lsÍu
• w,q;a woyia
59
ksmqK;dj 9'5' 0 ( wdydr krla ùu i|yd laIqøÔùkaf.a n,mEu .fõIKh lrhs
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'5'1 ( ¥Is; wdydr u`.ska je,f|k frda. ksjdrKh i|yd odhl fjhs
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • laIqøÔùka u.ska wdydr myiqfjka krla jkafka flfia ±hs m%ldY
lrhs
• laIqøcSj ls%hdjka u.ska wdydr krla ùfï § isÿ jk fN!;sl yd
ridhksl fjkia ùï meyeÈ,s lrhs
• wdydr krla ùu flfrys ndysr yd wNHka;r idOlj, n,mEu
úia;r lrhs
• ñksidg wdydr wdidok we;s lrk jHdêcklhka m%ldY lrhs'
• wdydr krla ùu ñksidf.a fi!LHh flfrys we;s lrk n,mEu
meyeÈ,s lrhs
• wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj flfrys laIqøÔùkaf.a n,mEu ms<sn| w.h
lrhs

• úúO wdydr /f.k taug mjid " tajd krla ùu i|yd ;eîug isiqkag
mjikak'
• ta krla jQ wdydr krlaùu ksÍlaIKh lsÍug Wmfoia §" wdydr krla
ùu yd thg fya;= ms<sn| idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• wdydr krla ùu ms<sn| tÈfkod w;a±lSï u`.ska wdydrfha krla ùu
ksid isÿ jk fN!;sl" ridhksl" yd ffcùh fjkiaùï ms<sn|
• wdydr krla ùu Wfoid n,mdk ndysr yd wNHka;r idOl y÷kd
.ekSug isiqkag iydh jkak'
• my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lsÍug isiqka fufyhjkak
60
wdydr j¾.h fya;=ldrl krla jQ ;;a;aj hgf;a we;s jk fjkiaùï
CIqøÔùka fN!;sl ridhksl ffcùh
1' n;a$mdka
^ldfndayhsfâ%g
iys; ´kEu wdydr&
2' uia
3' ng¾
4' m<;=re
5' lsß
6' t<j¿

• iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka isiqka úiska iïmQ¾K lrk ,o
by; j.=j w.hkak'
61
10 tallh - jHjydßl Ôj úoHdj
ksmqK;dj 10'1'0 ( Ôjk uÜgu jeäÈhqKq lr .ekSug Ôj úoHd;aul ixl,am"

uQ,O¾u Ndú; lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10.1.1: úis;=re u;aiH j.d moaO;s wkafõIKh lrhs

ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • c,cSj j.dfõ jeo.;alu y÷kd .kshs

• j.d l< yels úfYaIj, idudkH ,laIK m%ldY lrhs'
• úis;=re u;aiH j.dfõ § Ndú; jk Ôj úfYaAI ,ehsia;=jla idohs
• c,d,hla mj;ajd .kakd wdldrh úia;r lrhs'
• úis;=re uiqka w;r we;s fmdÿ f,vfrda. ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• úis;=re u;aiH j.dj u.ska we;s jk mdßißl n,mEï meyeÈ,s
lrhs
• úis;=re u;aiHhkaf.a úúO;ajh w.h lrk w;r c,d,hla
ie§ug leue;a;la we;s lr .kshs'

• c,Ôú j.dfõ jeo.;alu ms<sn| idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• j.d l< yels Ôùkaf.a idudkH ,laIK ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqkag
iydh jkak'
• úis;=re u;aiH j.dfõ § Ndú; lrk úfYaIj, idudkH ,laIK
,ehsia;=.; lr" rEm tl;= lrkak'
• my; i|yka ud;Dld ms<n
s | l;djla meje;aùug isik
q g
a u`. fmkajkak'
• c,d,hla mj;ajd .ekSu
• c,d,hl yuq jk m%Odk frda.
• úis;=re u;aiH úúO;ajh yd c,d,hlska w;alr.; yels m%;s,dN
• úis;=re u;aiH j.dfjka we;s jk mdßißl n,mEu
• isiqkaf.a l:dj my; ks¾Kdhl Ndú;fhka w.hkak'

• ld, l<uKdlrKh
• kj ixl,am
62
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10.1.2 WoHdk fNdaa. Ndú;hka wdYs%; wjia:d wkafõIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • me< ;jdka l%ufha .eg¨ úia;r lr idlÉPd lrhs

• wdrlaIs; lDIsl¾u l%u iy ;d¾lsl;ajh úia;r lrhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ yß; .Dyh ;=< yd fmd,sgk,a ;=< j.d lrk Ydl
i|yd WodyrK imhhs'
• mgl j.dfõ uQ,O¾u yd jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs
• u,a j.dfõ Ndú; jk jHdma;s l%u yd noaO l%u úia;r lrhs'
• YS% ,xldj ;=< Ndú; jk u,a j.d l%u WodyrK iys;j i|yka
lrhs'
• lDIsl¾udka;fha § WoHdk fNda. j.dfõ jeo.;alu yd Ndú;h
w.h lrhs'

• WoHdk fNda. Ndú;h y÷kajd fokak'
• me, ;jdka l<ukdlrKh i|yd w¾: ±laùula f.dvkexùug isiqkag
u`. fmkajkak'
• me, ;jdka l<ukdlrKfha .eg,q ms<sn| idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• wdrlaIs; lDIsl¾u ixl,amh idlÉPd lrkak'
• my; i|yka oE ms<sn| bÈßm;a lsÍula lsÍug isiq lKavdhïj,g u.
fmkajkak'
• wdrlaIs; lDIsl¾udka;h
• mgl frdamKh
• u,a j.dj- ^YS% ,xldfõ j.d lrk WodyrKj,g wod<j&
• wdrlaIs; lDIsl¾udka; l%u yd ;d¾lsl;ajh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• by; i|yka ± Ndú; jk lDIsld¾ñl m¾fhaIK ia:dkhlg fyda
WoaNso WoHdkhlg fCI;% pdßldjla iQodkï lrkak'
• isiqkaf.a bÈßm;a lsÍï my; ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka

w.hkak'
• úIh lreKqj, wod<;ajh
• ld¾hfha ksudj
63
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1'3 jdyl u`.ska me;sfrk frda. wjfndaO lr .ekSu yd ta frda.
wju lr .ekSug Ôj úoHd ±kqu Ndú; lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • fvx.=" nrjd frda. iïfm%aIKh jk l%u úia;r lrhs'
• wdidokj, frda. ,laIK úia;r lrhs'

• jdylhka md,kh lsÍu yd ta wdYs%; .eg¨ úia;r lrhs'
• jdyl u.ska me;sfrk frda. ksjdrKh lsÍu i|yd mßirh
msßisÿj ;nd .ekSfï jeo.;alu w.h lrhs

• jdyl u.ska iïfm%aIKh jk frda. y÷kajd fokak'
• ffjoH uOHia:dk u.ska m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o fvx.=$ nrjd frda.
iïnkaO ,sms$ w;am;s%ld$fmdaiag¾ tl;= lsÍug isiqkag mjrkak'
• tl;= lrk ,o øjH wdOdrfhka my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lsÍug isiqkag
u. fmkajkak'
fvx.= nrjd
• jdylhdf.a ku
• jdylhdf.a idudkH ,laIK
• fya;=ldrlhd
• fnda jk ia:dk
• frda.fha idudkH ,laIK
• md,kh lrk wdldrh
• by; j.=j ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak

• iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lr by; j.=j w.hkak'
64
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1'4 wdydr l,a ;nd .ekSu iy mYapd;a wiajkq ydksh ms<sn| ±kqu
id¾:l f,i tÈfkod Ôú;hg Ndú; lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, ( • wdydr mßrlaIKfha jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'

• wdydr mßrlaIKfha oS fhdod .kakd uQ,O¾u ;=k m%ldY lrhs
• úúO wdydr mßrlaIK l%u m%ldY lrhs' WodyrK f,i úh<Su"
¨Kq ±óu" ¨Kq oud úh<Su" iSks ±óu" meiagÍlrKh" ÿï .eiSu"
ridhksl øjH tl;= lsÍu" úlsrK yd WIAK;ajh
• mYapd;a wiajkq ydhkhg fya;= idlÉPd lrhs'
• mYapd;a wiajkq ydhkh wiajkq fk<Sfï oS" mßjykfha oS" .nvd
lsÍfï oS yd .Dyia: wdydr ieliSfï oS wju lr .kakd wdldrh
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• wdydr mßrlaIK l%uj, jeo.;alu w.h lrhs'

• wdydr mßrlaIKfha wjYH;dj yd jeo.;alu idlÉPd lrkak'
• wdydr mßrlaIKfha uQ,O¾u idlÉPd lrkak'
• úúO wdydr j¾. yd wdydrj, f,an,a yd weiqreï mka;s ldurhg
f.k taug isiqkag mjikak'
• f.k tk ,o øjH Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lsÍug
isiqkag mjrkak'
wdydr mßrlaIK wdydr mßrlaIK WodyrK

wdldr uQ,O¾u
• miq wiajkq ydkshg fya;= ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

• miq wiajkq ydksh isÿ jk ia:dk ms<sn| fiùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
• mßjykfha §" .nvd lsÍfï § yd .Dyia: wdydr ieliSfï § miq
wiajkq ydksh wju lr .kakd wdldrh ms<n
s | idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• isiqka úiska iïmQ¾K lrk ,o j.=j iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl Wmfhda.S
lr .ksñka w.hkak'
65
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10.1.5 Ôj úoHdj iïnkaO kjH ;dlaIK j, Ndú; ms<sn| fh§ï
hdj;ald,Sk lr .kshs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, (
• kefkda ;dlaIKh hkq l=ula oehs úia;r lrhs'
• cSj úoHdfõ § kefkda ;dlaIKfha fh§ï m%ldY lrhs'
• uQ,sl ffi, hkq fudkjd ±hs kï fldg" tajdfha m%Nj ,ehsia;=.;
lrhs'
• ffjoH úoHdfõ oS uq,sl ffi,j, Ndú;d m%ldY lr" ta wdYs%; .eg¨
idlÉPd lrhs'
• udkj f.fkdau jHdmD;sfha Ndú; iy tys m%;sM, úia;drKh lrhs
• m%;sldr l< fkdyels udkj frda.dndO i|yd uQ,sl ffi,
m%;sl¾uj, jeo.;alu w.h lrhs'
• ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKj
q ms<ns | fiùug isik
q g
a mjikak' bka miq Ôj úoHdfõ
kQ;k ;dlaIKfha fh§ï ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug mjikak'
• kefkda ;dlaIKh hkq l=ula ±hs idlÉPd lrkak' Ôj úoHdfõ § kefkda
;dlaIKfha fhdod .ekSï ms<sn| fiùug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
• uQ,sl ffi, m%;sl¾u ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùula ,nd fokak'
• isiq lKavdhï uQ,sl ffi, m%;sl¾uj, fh§ï iy ta wdYs%; .eg,q ms<sn|
fiùug;a tajd bÈßm;a lsÍug;a fhduq lrkak'
• udkj f.fkdau jHdmD;sh yd wfkl=;a f.fkdau ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak'

• isiqkaf.a bÈßm;a lsÍï my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl fhdod .ksñka
w.hkak'
66

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w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<&

uqøKh yd fnodyeÍu - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

m%:u uqøKh 2018

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

uqøKh ( pïmsld m%skg

;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd kj mdG .%ka:j, uQ,sl

wdpd¾h à'ta'wd¾'fÊ' .=Kfialr

iudc m%.ukfhys,d uyÕ= fufyjrl kshef,kakka w;r .=rejre m%uqL

2017 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul flfrk kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wÞ< Wiiafm<

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mS'à'tï'fla'iS' f;kakfldaka fuúh

wNHka;r iïm;a odhl;ajh

NdId ixialrKh - ch;a mshoiqka

ljrh yd mß.Kl msgq ieliqu - wd¾' wd¾' fla' m;srK ñh

úúO iydh - moaud ùrj¾Ok - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a mKsjqvh iii

wOHlaI ckrd,a mKsjqvh iv

iïm;a odhl;ajh vi -vii

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia viii

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia 1-66

ksmqK;dj 5'6'0 ( Ôùkaf.a iakdhql iudfhdackh i|yd wod< jHQy yd lD;H

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'6'1( iudfhdack l%shdj,sh yd Bg odhl jk moaO;s ms<sn| úuid

bf.kqï M, ( • iudfhdackfha wjYH;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

bf.kqï M, ( • udkj iakdhq moaO;sfha ixúOdkh ms<sn| o< ieleiaula ilihs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

bf.kqï M, ( • wls%h úNjh" ls%hd úNjh" èrejKh" úèrejKh" WmßèrejKh iy

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

bf.kqï M, (  iakdhq moaO;sfha we;s jk iq,n frda.dndO ;;a;ajj,g fya;= m%ldY

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

bf.kqï M, ( • ixfõÈ m%;s.%dylhla hkq l=ula oehs fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

bf.kqï M, ( • ñksia wefiys ix>gl kï lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

bf.kqï M, ( • ifuys m%Odk ia;r yd ix>gl kï lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

bf.kqï M, ( • wka;rdi¾. .%kaÓ yd fydafudak hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

bf.kqï M, ( • wNHka;r yd ndysr mßirj,g wod<j iuiaÓ;sh fláfhka

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

bf.kqï M, ( • m%ckkh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lr" úúO w,sx.sl m%ckk wdldr

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

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bf.kqï M, ( • ixfiapkh m%ldY lrhs'

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mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia(

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bf.kqï M, ( iakdhq moaO;sfha we;s jk iq,n frda.dndO ;;a;ajj,g fya;= m%ldY