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A. J. Cronin
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(1)
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(4)
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wu,fawmh tbGm;BuD;wGif rnfrnf&& jyp&m bma&m*grS r&Sday/ z&uf'D\ om,mnif;aysmif;aom
odrfarGUEl;nHhaom? csKdomaysmhaysmif;aom tajymtqdk tquftqHrsm;wGif om,mNyD; ZdrfcHaejcif;omjzpf\/
z&uf'D\ tajymudk oabmusavav z&uf'D\ vSnfhpm;rIudk cH&avjzpf aejcif;aywnf;/
tif'½l;u z&uf'D vkyfaeonfhenf;rSm atmufwef;usvSonf[kyif xif\/ q&m0efwpfOD;
jzpfygvsufESifh vlemudk arG;NyD; wpfjym;&& ESpfjym;&& cGm,lwwfonfh vlpm;rsKd;awmh tjzpfrcHoifh[k olxif\/
atmifjrifvdkaom? ausmfMum;vdkaom? csrf;om<u,f0vdkaom pdwfqE´ rnfrQyif BuD;rm; aeapumrl
onfenf;rsKd;udkawmhjzifh b,fawmhrS olrvkyf[k pdwfxJrS usdwfí qHk;jzwfrdavonf/
odkYaomfvnf; z&uf'Du olYtm; ac:oGm;NyD; tbGm;BuD;tm; Munfh½Iprf;oyfapjcif;rSmrl
apwemoefYoefYESifh jyKjcif;om jzpfvdrfhrnf[kyif avQmhayghí wGufavonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; tif'½l; onf
olYum;ay: rwufrD z&uf'D\ vufESpfzufudk pdwfygvufyg qGJvIyfí EIwfqufcJhavonf/
xdkv tukefwGif rpöuf a&;bef;xHrS tif'½l;xHodkY csufvufrSwfwpfapmif a&mufvmonf/ tif'½l;u
prf;oyfppfaq;ay;onfhtwGuf tvGefaus;Zl;wifpGmjzifh ay;ygonf[k qdkaomaiGig;*DeD wef csufvufrSwf/
xdkcsufvufrSwf vufxJa&mufcgrSyif ol rpöufa&;bef;tm; prf;oyfppfaq;cJhpOfu pdwf
rodk;roefYjzpfcJh&onfrsm;udk jyefí pOf;pm;rdum &,frdav\/ ,if;uJhodkY pdwfrodk;roefYjzpfjcif; onf
wu,fawmh rdkufrJjcif; wpfrsKd;omjzpfonf[kyif awG;rdav\/
,ckawmhjzifh tif'½l;onf csufvufrSwfrsm; vufcH&,ljcif; tvkyfwGif tvGefY tvGefom,m

vsuf&SdavNyD/ csufvufrSwfrsm;uvnf; wpfaeYxuf wpfaeY 0ifvmrpJ woJoJ jzpfvsuf&SdaeayNyD/
odkYjzpf&m tif'½l;onf olYb0 oltauseyfBuD; auseyfvsuf &Sdav\/
(7)
tif'½l;\ aq;ukvkyfief;onf wpfaeYxufwpfaeY ododomomBuD; wdk;wufvmavonf/ wdk;wuf rIt&Sdefu

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wdk;wufvmjcif;jzpf&m yifyef;oavmuf yifyef;&usKd; eyfonf[kyif ol,lqavonf/
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olYvufwGif;ü qkyfudkifrdxm;NyD;jzpfaom csrf;om<u,f0rIESifh atmifjrif ausmfMum;rIrsm;udk Munfhí ol ,cifu
tav;teufxm;cJhaom udk,fydkif,HkMunfcsufudk pGefYvTwfypfvdkufjcif;onf rrSm;[k olxifav\/
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tif'½l;onf rpöwm0ifhcsfESifh awGU&onf/ xdkaemufwGifrlum; avmf&D;,m;qdkifrS ti,fwef; ta&mif;pma&;r
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yg;eyfvdr®maom qufqHajymqdkrIwGif epfarsmom,mvsuf &SdMuukef\/
tif'½l;\ 0ifaiGonf wpf&Sdefxdk; wufvmonf/ vkyfief;t&Sdefuvnf; wuf? 0ifaiGuvnf;

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topfrdkY tjrJwap 0if;vufaeonf/ odkYjzpf&m tif'½l;udk,fwdkifrSmvnf; ,cifu tawG; tac:t,ltqrsKd;
r&SdawmhbJ vlopfpdwfopfESifh tif'½l;arqeftopf jzpfaeav\/
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jyefa&mufvmMuavonf/
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(9)
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qkd&ifawmh tckcsdef 'Dae&mrSm &SdoifhwJh ol [m uRefr r[kwfbl;? awmhyDyJ}
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tif'½l;u olY rsufvHk;rsm;udk pm;yGJay:okdY pl;pkdufxm;NyD; ajymavonf/
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pdwfoabmxm;csif; wkdufqkdifwJh rdwfaqGaumif; wpfa,muf &Sdae&if olYb0[m aysmfp&m aumif;wmyJ
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aumuf,lvkduf\/
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tif'½l;onf usoifhaiGrsm;udk &Sif;ay;NyD; olr\ aemufrS vdkufcJhonf/ pm;aomufcef; tjyif

a&mufaomf olwdkYtm; jrpfurf;bufqDodkY qif;&m vrf;usOf;uav;wpfcku qD;BudKvsuf&Sdonfudk
awGU&av\/ pm;aomufcef;qDrS aw;*DwoHonf us,f&mrS wdk;í wdk;&mrS wjznf;jznf;csif;
aysmufuG,foGm;av\/
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jrpfjyifonf aiGa&mif oifjzL; cif;vsuf &Sdayonf/
ESpfOD;om; jrpfqDtxd qif;vmcJhMuNyD; urf;ezl;wGif&Sdonfh cHkwef;&Snf wpfckay;wGif xkdifMuonf/
olronf OD;xkyfudk cRwfvdkufNyD; nifompGm vIyf&Sm;vsuf &Sdaom a&jyifudk NidrfoufpGm ai;armaeonf/
a&jyif\ xl;jcm;aom vIyf&Sm; nnf;wGm;oHonf wdk;wdk;nifnif ay:xGufvsuf &Sdavonf/
]wdwfqdwfwJh nrSm Mum;&wJh toHawG[m b,favmuf xl;qef;ovJaemf}
z&efY\ toHrSmvnf; wdk;wdk;nif;nif;uav;yif jzpf\/
tif'½l;onf z&efY\ EIwfcrf;udk tomt,m iHkYí erf;vdkufonf/ olr\ EIwfcrf;rsm;onf
ylaEG;ajcmufaoGUvsuf &Sd\/ xl;jcm;aom wHkYjyefrI ray;acs/
]terf;uawmh csKdjryg&JU? erf;yHku Murf;wrf;vSw,f}
]udk,f 'DxufydkNyD; aumif;atmif erf;Edkifygw,f}
tif'½l;onf a&SUwnfhwnfhudkom pl;pdkufMunfhí wD;wdk; a&½Gwfvdkufaomfvnf; vluawmh
rvIyfr&Sm;bJ ausmuf½kyfozG,f Nidrfoufaeonf/
pdwfvIyf&Sm;vGef;ojzifh ol\ vkyfyHkudkifyHkrsm;rSm tqifrajyjzpf&acsonf/ &Sufvnf;&Suf\?
½GHvnf;½GH\/ trSefawmh tckvdk om,mvSyvGef;onfh nrsKd;wGif z&efYvdk rdef;racsm rdef;rvSwpfOD;ESifh,ckvdk
MunfEl;pzG,f aumif;onfh ae&mrsKd;wGif ESpfOD;wnf; qHk&jcif;onf tvGefYtvGef pdwfcsrf;ajrYpzG,f
aumif;vSonf/ odkYygvsuf rdrdbufu tqifajyatmif rjyKEdkif/
olonf olYudk,fol a'gojzpfí rqHk;Edkifatmif jzpfvsuf&Sdav\/ olr taejzifh ol\ &ifcGiftwGif;odkY
0ifí ol\ w,kw,ydkufaxG;rIudk &,lcsifpdwf jyif;jyatmif vkyfoifh\/ odkYaomfvnf; olYrSm xdef;csKyfrIawGu
rsm;vGef;aeayonf/
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yifyef;EGrf;e,faeonfh rsufESm/ olr\ yg;jyifay:0,f aq;pufawG tvl;vl;ESifh/ olwdkY csufpabm½dk;&yf
aetdrfodkYajymif;a&GUvmp acgufwHcg;awG aq;okwfaepOfu jrifawGUcJh&onfh rsufESmtwdkif;yif/ a&jyifwGif
xif[yfvmaom c&pöwD\ rsufESmaMumifh olYpdwfonf romr,m jzpf&\/ a'govnf; jzpf&\/
olESifh z&efYwdkYESpfa,mufwnf; þae&mwGif a&mufae&aomfvnf; olYrSm vGwfvyfrIr&Sd/
tuefYtowfawG/ t[efYtwm;awG/ tcsKyftcs,fawG/ wm0efawG trsm;tjym;ESifh/ odkYaomf olonf
a,musfm;wpfa,muf/
tif'½l;onf z&efY\ EIwfcrf;vTmudk nifnifomom ½G½Guav; erf;jyefavonf/

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xifyg&JUaemf}
z&efY\ rsufvHk;tpHkonf 0if;vufaeayonf/
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npfnrf;apw,fvdkY ajymMuw,f}
tif'½l;onf z&efY\ vufudk tomt,mqGJí xdkif&mrS xaponf/ z&efYu um;teD;
a&mufonftxd olYvufudk rvTwfawmhbJ &G&Guav; udkifí vdkufvmavonf/
tjyefvrf;wGif z&efYonf ododomomyif &Tifvef;vsuf&Sdav\/
tif'½l;uawmh raysmfvSay/ olYudk,fol rkef;wD; ½GHU&Sm pufqkyfvsuf&Sd\/ olYtjyKtrlrsm; twGuf
0rf;enf;aom pdwfuvnf; raysmufao;/
olYpdwfonf olYtdrf? olYtcef;ESifh olYtdyf&mqDodkY a&mufaeonf/ olYOD;aESmufonf tawG; yifv,f
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tcspfpdwf/ '&if;zD;wGif aecJh&pOfu om,maysmf½TifrIrsm;/
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qif;um olrtwGuf um;wHcg;udk zGifhay;onf/ olronf vufudkiftdwfxJrS aomhudk xkwf,lvdkufav\/
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]odyfNyD;aemufusaervm;vdkY}
z&efYuawmh ol ajymvdkufonfh pum;udk Mum;[ef rwlay/ aomhudk udkifí a&SUrS wufoGm;avonf/
olonf a,mifwD;a,mifejzifh aemufrS uyfí vdkufoGm;av\/ olYrsufvHk;rsm; url tdwfa[mif;uav;udk
vufrS qGJí aps;wef;rsm;Mum;ü jyHK;um &,fumjzifh avQmufoGm;aeaom c&pöwD\ oem;pzG,f rsufESmudk
0dk;w0g; jrifa,mifvsuf &Sdavonf/
(14)
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xdkaeY rGef;vGJydkif;onf yljyif;vSacsonf/
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tif'½l;onf tvkyf'PfaMumifh yifyef;EGrf;e,fvsuf&Sd\/ ,ck&ufowåywf tukefwGif c&pöwD
jyefa&mufvmrnfh ta&;udkawG;í pdwfwxifhxifh jzpfvsuf&Sd\/ w,fvDzkef;udk em;pGifhum pdwf
rNidrfroufjzpfvsuf &Sd\/ ta&;xJ oHk;*DeDwef vlemrsm;tm; wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf prf;oyf
ppfq;ae&ojzifh acR;jyefvsuf &Sd&\/ 'DMum;xJ aq;cef;tvkyfudk jrefjrefNyD;atmif vkyfudkifNyD; z&efYtm; ac:í
nv,fpm oGm;pm;&efvnf; pdwfapmae&ao;\/
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wpfpHkwpfck tay:wGif rauseyfovdkvdk? pdwfwdkif;rus ovdkvdk/
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EIwfqufav\/
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q&mr &Syfonf uGef bdkveftm; wpfcsufrQom MunfhvdkufNyD; csmceJvSnfhum tcef;xJrS

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tif'½l;u bkdveftm; Munfhí pdwfraumif; jzpfoGm;avonf/
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jzpfvmojzifh tcef;xJodkY 0ifvmavonf/
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vmajymwmyg}
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vmwnf;ygawmh? tcef;vGwfawGvnf; trsm;BuD; &Sdw,f? c&pöwD odyf 0rf;omrSmyJ? tdrfrSm vmwnf;&if
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us,fus,favmifavmif xí &,fwwfonf/ olY &,foHrSm us,favmifvGef;vS ojzifh a&SUwef;cHkrsm;rS y&dowf
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uGef bdkvefonf oabmusonfh t&mawGUvmvQifvnf; ab;bDudk *½krpdkuf? cyfus,fus,fyif
atmf[pf ajymwwfonf/
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cifAsm;udk owd&aMumif; ajymvdkufygvdkY rSmvdkufao;w,f}
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tjzpf toHk;jyK&ayawmhrnf/
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aumif;avrvm;? ajym&rnf qdkawmhaum bmupí b,fvdk ajym&ygh/
vlrsm;Mum;rS olwdkYqDodkY avQmufvmaeaom c&pöwDudk jrifae&onf/ c&pöwDteD;a&muf
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wnf;aew,f? um;ay:usrSyJ taMumif;pHk ajymjyr,f? um;tjyifrSm xm;cJhw,f? b,fhES,fhvJ [dkrSm aecJh&wm
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tif'½l;u pNyD; tckvdk ajymvm qdkvmvdrfhrnf[k rarQmfvifhcJhaom c&pöwDonf tawmfBuD;
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taejzifhvnf; tif'½l;ESifhqHkrdvQif bmu pí b,fvdkajym&ygh[k awG;vmol jzpf\/ tpaumif; csifaom
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tif'½l;\ rsufESmudk cdk;Munfhavonf/
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odyfrSefwmyJ? tdrfjyefa&mufawmh aysmfvdkufwm}
c&pöwDonf tdrfxJa&mufvQif a&mufcsif; tm;yg;w& ajymonf/ xdkaemuf tif'½l;udk
vSrf;ar;jyefonf/
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rif;udkyJ owd&aeMuwmyJ? aMomf .... uGef? tJ'D aowåmBuD; qGJNyD; bmvkyfaewmvJ? uRefawmfhudkay;}
tif'½l;onf ysmysmovJESifh uGef bdkvef\ vufxJrS aowåmudk qGJ,lonf/ xdkYaemuf vlemMunfh
oGm;zdkY tcsdefawmfNyD[k qdkonf/ ol jyefa&mufrS vufzuf&nf aomufMurnf[kvnf;rSmonf/ um;ESifh
xGufvmonfhtcgwGifrl olonf oufjyif;udk rodrom csavonf/
]awmfygao;&JU? bk&m;u,fayvdkY tm;vHk; tqifajyoGm;w,f? ol [kdrSm aecJh&wm odyfNyD; aysmfyHkr&bl;?
tckavmavmq,f ta&;BuD;wmu 'Dudpöudk olr&dyfrdzdkYyJ}
tdrftjyef aemufusaomfvnf; tif'½l;\ trlt&mrSm reufuxuf ½TifjrL;vsuf &Sday&m uGef
bdkvefu ]bk&m;a&? cifAsm;[m [dkwkef;uxuf aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif aewwfwJh tusifh &aeyguvm;} [k wtHhwMo
a&½Gwfavonf/
c&pöwDu olYtm; rMumcP vSrf;ívSrf;í Munfhaeonfudk tif'½l; owdjyKrdonf/ olr\ tMunfhrSm
rouFmaom tMunfhrsKd;awmh r[kwfay/ olYudk awmif;yef wdk;vQdK;onfh tMunfh? olYtay:wGif em;vnfrI
&Sdonfh tMunfh/
ar&D\a&m*g twGufawmh c&pöwDrSm aomu&Sdonf/ olr taejzifh ar&D\ udpörsm;udk ayghayghwefwef
oabmrxm;Edkifay? ar&Dtm; vef'efodkY tjrefvdkufvm&ef aMu;eef;½dkufapcsifonf/ jzpfEdkifvQif reufjzef
aMu;eef;½dkufzdkY uGefbdkveftm; ajymjyNyD;NyD[k olru ajymjyavonf/ ar&DtwGuf vkyfoifhwm rSeforQudk
tjrefqHk; vkyfay;apcsifonfrSm olr\ jyif;jyaom apwemESifhqE´jzpfaeonf/
tajctaeuawmh tif'½l; arQmfvifhxm;onfxufyif aumif;aeao;\/ ar&DxHrS jyefvmonfh
aMu;eef;t& aemufwpfaeY aeYv,fpm pm;csdef rwdkifrD ar&D a&mufvmrnf jzpf&m c&pöwDrSm ar&D twGuf
vdktyforQ jyifqifjcif;jzifh tvkyf½Iyfvsuf &Sdavonf/
ar&D a&mufvmonfhtcgwGif tif'½l;\ rsufESmrSm wnfNidrfvsuf&Sdonf/ wpfpHkwpfckudk tav;teuf
xm;í awG;awm qifjcifaeyHk&\/ ar&D\ toufrSm ESpfq,frQom &Sdao;onf jzpf&m þtouft½G,fonf
tbufbufu zGUHNzdK;wdk;wufonfh t½G,fjzpf\/ odkYygvsufESifh ar&DrSm ydefcsHK;csnfheJYvSayonf/
tom;ta&rSmvnf; ajcmufcef; azsmhawmhvSayonf/ tif'½l;onf ar&D\ tom;ta&udk Munfhum pdwfrat;

jzpfvsuf &Sdavonf/
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tm;r&Edkifatmif jzpfvsuf &Sdonf/ c&pöwDuvnf; ar&DESifh tcsdefrnfrQyif MumMum rarmEdkifryef;Edkif
pum;ajymcsifyg\/ odkYaomfvnf; c&D;uyef;vmojzifh em;em;aeae &Sdoifhonf[k ,lqojzifh
ajcmufem&Dxdk;vQif xdk;csif; acsmharmhí tdyf&m 0ifcdkif;&onf/ tif'½l;onf ar&D tdyf&m0ifawmhrSyif olr\
tqkwf tajctaeudk em;usyfESifh prf;oyfMunfhav\/
tif'½l;onf ar&Dtm; prf;oyf&mü q,fhig;rdepfcefYMum\/ oltay:xyfrS jyefqif;vmNyD; uGefESifh
c&pöwDwdkY aexkdif&m {nfhcef;xJodkY jyefa&mufcsdefwGif olY rsufESmrSm omom,m,m r&SdvSay/
]oHo, jzpfp&mawmh r&Sdygbl;? ar&DUa&m*gu tqkwfa&m*gyJ? tqkwf b,fbuf tjcrf;rSm
jzpfaeawmh vD0Dvif; ajymvdkufwm trSefyJ? 'gayrJh odyfawmh pdwfylp&m r&Sdygbl;? a&m*gu jzpfp tajctaerSm
&Sdygao;w,f? *½kwpdkuf ukvdkuf&if aysmufuif;oGm;EdkifwJh tajctae &Sdygw,f/}
]cifAsm; qdkvdkwmu vHk;0aysmufuif;oGm;atmif ukoay;Edkifr,fh tajctaersKd; &Sdw,fvdkY
qdkvdkwmvm;}
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tif'½l;onf twefMumrQ pOf;pm;aejyefonf/
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raumif;bl;vm;? uRefawmfh oabmuawmh wifxm;csifw,f/ a'gufwm om;&m;*Gwfuvnf; uRefawmfESifh
tifrwef cifwJh rdwfaqGyJ? ar&DUtwGuf olY vlemaqmifrSm ckwif &zdkY vG,fygw,f? NyD;awmhvnf; aq;½HkrSm
qdkawmh uRefawmfudk,fwdkif udk,fzd&ifzd Munfhay;vdkY&w,f}
]aus;Zl;BuD;vSygw,f arqef? rdwfaqG yDoygw,fAsm? ar&Dudk,fwdkifuvnf; cifAsm; tay:rSm odyfNyD;
,HkMunf tm;udk;rI &Sdaeygw,f? cifAsm; aumif;ovdkom pDpOfay;yg}
uGef\ toHrSm vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ &SdvSayonf/
tif'½l;onf csufcsif;yif xoGm;NyD; a'gufwm om;&m;*GwfxH zkef;qufonf/ ig;rdepfcefY tMumwGif
jyefa&mufvmNyD; ,ck wpfywf tukefwGif ar&Dtm; aq;½HkwifcGifh &vdrfhrnf[k ajymav\/
uGef bdkvefonf olYorD;tm; tqkwfa&m*guk aq;½HkBuD;wGif wifí ukocGifh&awmhrnf[k odojzifh
rsm;pGm0rf;omvQuf &Sdav\/ txl;ojzifh tif'½l;ESifh om;&m;*GwfwdkY\ Munfh½IukorIudk &rnfjzpfí ydkí
tm;wufvsuf&Sdavonf/ þq&m0efBuD;rsm;\ vufxJüom qdkvQif ar&D pGJuyfaeaom tqkwfa&m*gonf
tjrefqHk; aysmufuif;oGm;vdrfhrnf[laom ,HkMunfcsufvnf; tcdkiftrm &Sdvmav\/
aemufwpf&ufwGifvnf; tif'½l;a&m c&pöwDyg tvkyfrsm;vsuf&SdMuonf/ paeaeY rGef;vGJydkif;wGif

ar&Dtm; 0dwdk&D;,m; aq;½HkodkY wifavonf/ uGefbdkvefonf ar&DtwGuf tpp t&m&m pdwfcs&NyDjzpfí
ar&Dtm; aq;½HkwifonfhaeYrSmyif atbm&mavmodkY jyefonf/ tif'½l;ESifh c&pöwDwdkYonf ar&Dtm;
aq;½HkwifNyD;vQif NyD;csif; uGefbdkveftm; yuf'ifwef blwmodkY vdkufydkYMuavonf/ uGefbdkvef jyefcgrSyif
tif'½l;wdkYrSm pdwfat; em;at; aecGifh&avawmhonf/
tif'½l;rSm tckrSyif c&pöwD tem;odkY uyfEdkifawmh\/ aq;cef;odkY oGm;awmhrnfh qJqJwGif tif'½l;\
yg;pyfrS ]tckrSyJ ESpfa,mufwnf; vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aecGifh&awmhw,f? tckvdk ESpfa,mufwnf; ae&wm
b,favmuf aysmfp&maumif;ovJ c&pöwD? tif; udkwdkY 'Dwpfywfawmh tvkyf odyfrsm;cJhwmyJaemf} [k
ajymoGm;avonf/
tif'½l;\ toHrSm tbufbufwGif vdkavao; r&Sdatmif jynfhpHkaeojzifh t&m&mudk auseyfol
wpfOD;\ toHrsKd;jzpfacsonf/ odkYaomfvnf; olonf c&pöwD\ rsufESmay:wGif rnfuJhodkYaom
t&dyfta,mifrsm; ,Sufoef;aeonfudk owdrjyKrdacs/
c&pöwDonf tcef;xJ0,f wpfa,mufwnf; NidrfoufpGm xkdifí awGa0 ai;armvsuf &Sdonf/ olronf
tdrfjyefa&mufcgpu qdkvQif arQmfvifhcsufawG trsm;BuD;xm;um pdwf\om,mcsrf;ajrYrIudk &&SdcHpm;cJh&\/
,ckawmhvnf; olr\ pdwfrSm rMunfrvif jzpf&jyefonf/ olr\ twGif;pdwfonf pdwfrcsrf;ajrUzG,f&m
aumif;aom tjzpfwpfckckESifh &ifqdkif&vdrfhrnf [laom todrsKd;0ifum aomua&mufvsuf &Sd&av\/
]tdk .... bk&m;ocif? 'Dtjzpfqdk;[m b,ftcsdefrSm b,fvdk jzpfvmNyD; b,fvdkrsm; tqHk;owf rSmygvdrfh}
(15)
tif'½l;\ atmifjrifausmfMum;rIonf 'Da&wufaeonfh tvm; t&Sdeft[kefBuD;pGmjzifh wjznf;jznf;csif;

wufvmvsuf &Sdayonf/ olonf [ifrqefESifh vnf;aumif;? tdkifAdk&DESifhvnf;aumif; ,cifuxufydkí
&if;ESD;vmonf/ olwdkYESifh wGJNyD; aiG&Sm&müvnf; NrdK;NrdK;jrwfjrwf &aeojzifh rsm;pGmrSyif auseyftm;&vsuf
&Sdavonf/
wpfzufwGifvnf; tif'½l;onf a'gufwm 'Dref;ESifh tquftoG,frjywf &Sdonf/ 'Dref;u ol
vDaxmfuGufodkY ckESpf&ufMumrQ a*gufoD;½dkufoGm;rnfjzpfí olYae&mü acwårQ tpm;0ifNyD; yvmZm[dkw,frS
{nfhonf vlemrsm;tm; ukoay;&ef pum;urf;vSrf;onf/ &aiGudk ESpfOD; tnDtrQ cGJ,lrnf [laom
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(16)
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(18)
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(21)
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(22)
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Á Á Á Á Á Á Á Á - Á Á ™á Á Á Á Á Á "Á Á Á Žá °

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