Guo Jie Ng • Shen Loong Tee • Karina Augustine • Yee Loong Hoo • Mohamad Fadhli Roslan • Nicholas Chanon

Tuan Windermere Visitor Centre

Windermere
Visitor
Centre
Background and Project Brief
Design Overview (Building)
Transport and Design Overview of Bridge
Floor plan & Utilities
Structural and Foundation design
Sustainability
Material and cost plan
Construction and Deconstruction Sequence
Health & Safety and Impact Assessment
1.1 Project Background
Windermere
1.2 Key Site Information
A largest natural lake located in the South Lakeland District of
Cumbria, England, United Kingdom. The population for the Average Annual Sunlight 49.4 days
town is 8359 according to the 2011 UK Census data. Tourism
is important to Windermere’s economy as its proximity to the Average Annual Rainfall 2005mm
lake and local scenery. Cockshott Point is a small promontory
in the southern edge of Bowness Bay.
Maximum Lake Depth 2m
Cockshott Point, Minimum Distance Offshore 6m
Brief History
The start of seaplane flying in Britain can be traced to Lake
Windermere
Windermere, where H. Stanley Adams first became airborne
in the Lakes Waterbird floatplane on 25 November 1911.
This aircraft made many more successful flights over the
next few months until being destroyed along with its hangar
during a storm in March 1912.

Pilot training involvement in Cockshott Point, which had also

already gained prominence, was recognised by the military:
in 1916 the Royal Naval Air Service decided to fully take over
and Windermere became known as RNAS Windermere.
However, financial difficulties encountered by the civil
company later that year forced military instruction and the
base itself to cease during the first half of 1917.

Visitor Centre
The general increasing tourism in recent years to Lake District
raises a need for a visitor center located at Cockshott Point on
Lake Windermere as an opportunity to boost local economy
and as an exhibition space to boast local heritage. (Map data ©2018 Google)
(Map data ©2018 Google)

1.3 Design Drivers and Criteria 1.4 Summary of proposed solution

The considered solution is based on the Copenhagen The proposed design

An open exhibition space being airy and spacious. It IMAGE costs roughly
Airport deciding on a simplistic paper plane shaped
must also have an aviation theme £400,000 and takes
roof
Key Design Drivers

an estimated 1 year to
be built. Planning
permissions are
A design life of 50 years and deconstructible Certain materials were more utilized like timber and required and legal
steel as they were lighter and more easily transported documentation has to
be in place prior to
A design to improve and remain the image of construction and the
The glass used in the design introduces a modern yet price point does not
Windermere as a cultural heritage and natural sleek design. The transparency harmonizes with the account for it. The
environment. greenery in the natural park diagram is an artist’s
impression of an aerial
view of the proposed
Design Criteria building

Zero Casualty Sustainability Constructibility Integration & Aestheticity

No reportable accidents Simple construction - 50 The design should integrate

throughout the project can be Minimal use of natural
years design life and with nearby public transport
assured with proper planning. resources, factoring carbon
deconstructible at the end of and has a light and airy
footprint, energy and water
its life aviation theme

Paper-Plane Architectural Design
A paper-plane themed minimalistic design is to be
integrated with multi-functional sustainable features for
the construction of Windermere Visitor Centre.
2.1 Rainwater Harvesting
- The catchment area made of asphalt has an 8% slope.
- The water collected will be channeled through the gutters.
- The water will pass through a first-flush system situated
underneath the roof, in between the trusses.
- Water will be stored in the tank inside the mechanical room
and distributed to all sections of the building.
- No secondary filtration is needed as the water will be used for
flushing and cleaning purposes.
- Daily rainwater harvested : 3000L
2.2 Solar Shingles
- Solar shingles are used to capture sunlight and supply
electricity for the building.
- The tiles will be integrated with the asphalt surface of the
roof.
- Industry standard monocrystalline silicon solar cells are
being used to increase the efficiency from 8% to 19%
- 143 kW/day required for the operation of the building.
‘Paper-plane Conceptualisation
The visitor centre is to be built in Windermere which is
reputable for seaplane flying and is considered as the
birthplace of British naval and civil marines aeroplanes. A
paper-plane themed concept design is proposed to integrate
with the surrounding domain and the historical background of
site. This minimalistic abstraction fits the purpose of the building
which is located in a rural province emphasising both on the
aestheticity and applicability of the structure.
Functionality
The building was designed by considering many factors
including its practicality, sustainability, and aestheticity. Within
this context, the visitor centre will be used as a medium to
demonstrate Windermere’s achievements in the early aviation
industry. The two exhibition spaces are designed to
accommodate 400 people in total which is beneficial for social
connectivity. This centre is designed to be a social hub and the
face of Windermere in the near future.
Public Spaces
Main Exhibition Hall 150 m2
Secondary Exhibition Hall 50 m2
Indoor Cafe 80 m2
Outdoor Cafe 80 m2
2.3 Ventilation External Deck and Green Area 530 m2
Sustainability
The position of sunlight throughout the year has been taken into
account to benefit from natural lighting. Wind analysis has been
done to ensure that the rate of airflow is always at a moderate
level and natural ventilation could be gained. 30% of the
electricity will be provided by solar energy harvesting through
the solar shingles located at the roof and 50% of of the water
consumption is supplied by rainwater harvesting. The primary
materials used for the structure is timber and glass.
Accessibility
The bridge is designed to allow people with disability to use it
- A light and airy design has been implemented through the
without any complications, thus the ramp has a slope of 1:20. A
usage of wooden louvres.
restroom will also be provided with door width of 1.60 meters to
- Mechanical ventilation, heat recovery ventilation (HRV) will be
allow wheelchair users to enter
used to regulate the temperature and humidity.
- The system will also maintain a constant air flow when the
Health and Safety
variation between air intake and outake changes by a huge
Fire exits and pathways will be provided in the case which a fire
margin.
occurs. Inflatable lifeboats, life jackets and floats will be
- The system will be centralised in the mechanical and
available to be used as a safety procedure even though the
electrical room located in the building.
water level is 2.00 meters deep.
 Connection of free shuttle bus service with car park
In integrating the visitor centre, a proposal to introduce a one way
free shuttle bus route as shown to connect the nearest bus stop
and car park to the visitor centre. The shuttle bus route passes Walking distance from the car park that is further away from
through residential area which will able to bring benefit to both cockshott point is around 10 minutes.
Bowness Bay
tourists and locals. The free shuttle bus services will stop at few
During the peak holiday season, the two car park that near to
stops highlighting attractions point, residential areas and the main the cockshott point will be full. Hence, with the integration of
car park. the free shuttle service, we don’t require to build a new car
park just to accommodate number of visitors during peak
holiday season, however we fully utilise the car park that is
further away from Cockshott point.
Connection of free shuttle bus service with public transport

Walking distance from the nearest bus station to Cockshott Car-free pedestrian route
Point is around 10 minutes. (Map data ©2018 Google)

Tourists: Besides, a car-free pedestrian route is provided to ensure the

safety of local and tourists at the certain area. The whole Transportation of heavy materials poses a problem as the
Able to look on the Windermere residential area while relaxing
pedestrian route include of the building design is accessible for all soil at Cockshott point may not be strong enough to
on the shuttle bus.
kind of users. The route induces a sense of leisure in pedestrians withstand the high stresses. Therefore, a two step plan is put
(Map data ©2018 Google) Locals: who wish to admire the scenery off cockshott point. It gives a in place to transport the building material and machinery
Car free Able to get free transport to travel to visitor centre to enjoy the ensures their safety and welfare whilst their visit to the exhibition
Existing bus station Car park required in the area. Small materials and labour will be
pedestrian route beautiful scenery and this can improve the interaction among center. It eliminates the need for a traffic light or a safety marshall
reducing the cost of operations. transported directly to Cockshott Point via small vans.
Attraction point Proposed shuttle local community.
Proposed shuttle
bus station bus route
New Visitor Centre
Step One - Land
- Bowness Bay is used as a loading/unloading point
- Due to the weak strength of the soil at Cockshott
Point, material is unable to unload at the point.
- It is selected as there is sufficient space for loading
and unloading as it has previously been a port for
The pedestrian bridge serves The bridge aims to blend in the transportation
two purposes and that is to surrounding. It stays in the theme
connect the shoreline to the of Windermere Lake. The - Higher grade road is present, allowing the heavy
exhibition center for visitors fibreglass rails allow visitors to vehicles to transport materials to the bay
but also as a medium to hold still embrace the atmosphere - A crane on a barge is then used to lift heavy
the sewage pipeline, water whilst keeping a safe distance materials from the freight as a lot of the pieces
piping and electricity. from the edge
would be prefabricated, therefore having complex
structures

Step Two - Water

- The materials on-board the barge is then transferred
a short distance to the project site off cockshott
point.
Aesthetic and
Type: Simply Supported Decking - Transportation would be done at night to not disrupt
Timber blends in with the
and Joist the boat flow movement in and out of the marina.
rest of the building
- Certain machineries could also be transported such
Materials

Key Modernistic and

Span: 6m as mini cranes and excavator but depending on the
facts Fibreglass Handrails durable to bear requirement of the project
and wind capacity
Width: 4m - The materials are then unloaded onto the Pontoon
figures Strong and cheap. where work is being done
Precast
Abutment Easily sourced
Bridge Thickness: 0.5m Concrete
and mixed onsite
4.0 Floor plan & Utilities
4.1 Water
The water flow systems
diagram shows the two
different water flows -
rainwater and water from the
main line.
Water from the main line is
attached to the bottom of the
bridge. The pipes run under
the deck and then lines itself
against the building to the two
30m2 tanks. The tanks are
situated on the ground as the
roof is unable to bear the
capacity. An underwater pump
is required to channel water
out of the tank.
Rainwater is primarily used
toilets, sinks and urinals. A
small filter is only required in
the sink but the water is not
meant to be consumed. Water
from the main pipeline is used
in dishwashing, cooking and
cleaning. An industrial filter is
required before water enters
the tank.
Colour Description
Colour Description
Blue Mains Inflow
Green RWH Inflow
Magenta Mains Outflow
Cyan RWH Outflow
4.2 Sewage
There is not enough space for
sewage treatment on the
exhibition center therefore
sewage from toilets, sinks and
basins are channeled out to
the main sewage pipe.
The sewage pipe is placed
beneath the wooden flooring.
This avoids smell in the case
of a leakage. It is attached
beneath the bridge and
connected to the main sewage
pipe. Further excavation may
be needed onshore connect
the pipes together.
As seen in the diagram, the
pipes and cables run under the
bridge to maintain the
aestheticity of the building.
They do not run overground in
the case of a possible trip.
4.3 Electrical and
Heating
Electricity is briefly considered
in this diagram where the main
cable is pulled onshore. The
cable runs underneath the
bridge and into the main box
where electricity is
redistributed to the required
locations in the center.
However, the redistribution is
not drawn in the analysis.
Heating is obtained through a
water boiler. Water is pumped
from the lake into a boiler. The
pipe is channeled under the
deck and is heated in a boiler
located in the mechanical and
electrical room.
Water source boilers are used
in the heating and is lined
through the building from the
boiler. They run to the top and
go through radiators in places
that are required. Underfloor
heating is provided in the
primary and secondary
exhibition spaces as the rooms
are large and heat dissipates
easily. In order to maximize
efficiency, hot air will rise from
the coil and accommodates for
the exhibitors.
Colour Description
Colour Description
Green Electric Mains
Blue Boiler Inflow
Magenta Boiler Outflow
Commentary
Water Source Heat Pumps
Water source heat pumps move heat from a source of
water more efficiently than any other heating and cooling
technology. Water from lake Windermere can be pumped
through a heat pump, and it can deliver excellent results,
especially if the water temperature is somewhere around 5
to 8 degrees Celsius.
In Cold Weather.. In Warm Weather..
When a lot more heat is
necessary to warm up the Transfer heat from a
building, units are water loop through the
operating in heating unit’s specially designed
mode, hence heat is refrigerant-to-water heat
provided to every exchanger and then move
individual unit from the it into the air.
water of the loop
Being around a sufficient amount of water,, a supply line
pipe is fitted through the ground starting from the building
to the water and intertwines into circles of at least six feet
under the surface to avoid freezing. Coils must be placed
in a water source which meets the minimum requirements
in matters of volume, depth and quality.
Artists’
impression on
the outcome of
Water Source
Heat Pumps as
it is a relatively
new topic and
provides
insufficient
evidence
Source:http-//thegreenhome.co.uk/heating-renewables/heat-pumps/ho
w-do-heat-pumps-work/.jpg
Demand
There is a large demand for water and electricity given
that the venue accommodates such a large crowd. It is
expected to accommodate 500 people at a peak event.
Although events may not run all year round, the amount
of generated electricity could be overwhelming. The
table summarises the electricity and water demand per
month, {Appendix B and C)
Demand Value
Electricity 4290 kW
Water 400m3
 5.1 Connectors 5.2 Load Path 5.3 Timber Structure 5.4 Commentary
There are 2 combination of loads considered during this The structure of the building consist of cross-laminated timber The Floating Pontoon system is built of conventional
The connections between each timber member consist of steel
design: (CLT) members of Sitka Spruce trees, chosen because of its Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) concrete. Lightweight to give an
brackets, steel plates, nails, and bolts. These were chosen to
1. Vertical loads: permanent load (self-weight) of strength, low carbon footprint, local sources, and aesthetic aggregate density lighter than the waterbody, and also
allow easy deconstruction after 50 years. The CLT could then be
structure and variable load (live loads including snow look which integrates with nature. reinforced with fibreglass to provide an exceptional strength
recycled and used in other projects. Since the structure is fairly
loads and other imposed loads, including solar capacity.
large, the timber members are also very big, therefore the
shingles). The structure consists of a combination of beams, columns,
connectors must be strong enough to support.
2. Lateral loads: permanent load (self-weight) and and a small triangular truss which support its plane-like roof. Study of the ground bearing capacity of the seabed was
variable loads (mostly wind loading) As a material, timber is very bulky, proving it difficult to carried out. The underwater soil analysis was carried out
These loads are factored according to BS EN 1991. balance the structural integrity and the need for open space in based on a borehole test carried out at the Windermere
A punched plate A post-to-beam
the exhibition space Marina Village. No borehole test were available for the exact
metal fastener bracket
intended site, hence one should be carried out in the near
connects the connects 2
future if construction plans are to proceed.
triangular truss beams to a Dimensions Quantity Member
members column. (mm) lengths (m)
The design breakdown are built to accommodate the limits of
the site such as spacing, soil strength and depth of water
A steel bracket Beam 500 x 400 34 10
Joint hangers (which is a factor of the buoyancy force that can be
connects the generated):
connect the
bottom of each Column 600 x 400 12 4-6
secondary beam
beam with the There will be a need of 16 concrete anchor slabs, 12 ballast
with the primary
concrete. Washers tanks and 16 segments of the mooring system for each
beams. Spaced at Truss 400 x 250 96 2 and 4.47
are welded into the anchor slab. The dimensions are as listed below:
2m.
concrete, and a
plate screwed on. Roof 2000 x 100 135 2 Volume (m3) Dimensions (height,
Panels width, length) (m)

Pontoon 1760.81 1.70 x 18.00 x 57.50

Per Ballast Tank 22.74 0.57 x 5.70 x 7.00

Per Anchor Slab 22.34 0.35 x 6.50 x 6.50

(A)
Call Out (A)
Composite rubber mat is fitted to the bottom half of the
concrete slab anchors as scour protection.
- Protects the sediments from being washed away and
affecting the stability of the concrete slabs
(B)
Call Out (B)
Steel Alloy Ballast tanks on the underside of the floating
pontoon.
- Pontoon stabilization mechanism. Keeps the pontoon
at a constant height above seabed as live loads
continuously vary throughout its life.

Call Out (C)

Mooring system constituting of carbon steel chains and a
automated or manual reeling mechanism.
- Disallows pontoon from drifting away as well as
providing the main loading to deal with the excess
buoyant force present.
(C)
6.1 Economical Sustainability 6.2 Environmental Sustainability
Construction Phase Operation Phase Transportation Site Excavation Modular Construction
Windermere Lake by Barges Floating Foundation Prefabricated Materials
- Reduces the impacts caused to - Minimisation of site excavation - Prefabricated materials are
Reduction in operating Cost the roads as the roads present has been done through the transported to site using boats
Reducing amount of materials
- Utilising glass windows allows natural lighting to go implementation of a floating from Bowness Bay.
- Design is done where less connectors are used nearby are not suitable for heavy
through thus not requiring energy
- Overall material can be reduced by efficient planning and good vehicles. foundation (pontoon). - This will reduce the environmental
- Water from the main pipeline is reduced by half as
resource allocation - Noise pollution caused from - Reduces the environmental impacts caused on site as the
rainwater harvesting is utilized.
- This reduces the amount of connectors thus reducing
- Implementing the two methods significantly reduces the transportation can be greatly impact during deconstruction. pre-made materials will only be
cost.
operating expenditure of the building. reduced. - Removal of conventional pilings assembled without any negative
and foundations will cause all effects towards the surroundings.
sorts of problems at the site, i.e.
Maximise opportunities for locals Water Source Heat Pump destruction of marine ecosystem,
- Such a large project gives opportunities to the local - Costs can be saved on energy generation through water
soil erosion and overturning of the
community for employment source heat pumping.
- Training is not difficult and could take a maximum of a - Using the natural heat stability, water is heated through a concrete wall constructed on land.
month to employ labour medium where its temperature is stabilized
- Operational cost can be reduced by not transferring - This water is then channeled back into the boiler where
labour from the major cities. lesser energy is required to get it to optimal temperature.
Water Heating Ventilation and Lighting
Rainwater Harvesting System Water-Source Heat Pump Building Orientation
- There will be two operational - Temperature of groundwater - Simulation of the wind direction
water tanks, conventional and sources are constant in the UK, 8 through a wind rose diagram and
Prefabrication and offsite assembly rainwater harvesting (RWH). - 12 degrees Celsius. solar radiation obtains the best
- Assembling most of the structure offsite reduces cost - The water collected from RWH - More efficient in comparison with orientation for the building.
greatly as professionals are not required to be moved Maintenance will be used for spaces that outside air. - Uniform and constant solar gain
Extra costs in making the environment suitable for Overall the building requires low maintenance as timber require non-potable water, i.e. - Water has higher heat transfer in and natural ventilation will be
construction could then be avoided is easy to maintain restrooms and cleaning purposes. comparison with air. obtained throughout the year
- Cost-efficient in the long run as - Uses electricity but has an through the wooden louvre
only one filtration layer needed as efficiency of up to 300% - 500%. located underneath the roof.
the water is needed for - In this context, the heat pump is - This reduces the overall energy
non-potable uses. better than a wood pallet boiler as usage for lighting and ventilation.
- Reduces runoff on roof and the visitor centre is located in a - Mechanical ventilation (Heat
reduces the consumption of water water domain, thus reducing the Recovery Ventilation, HRV) will be
6.3 Social Sustainability from main water supply. cost of transporting and material used to introduce fresh air, thus
- A green roof would reduce water usage. improves climate control leading
accumulation, however the - Cost efficient as this method is to efficient energy usage.
Construction Phase

additional loadings and the need eligible for payments under the - This is implemented also due to
Good construction environment for workers of regular maintenance would government’s Renewable Heat the fact the UK building
make the integration of green roof Incentive (RHI) - Government's regulations require one air change
Good worker facilities include shelter from harsh to RWH not sustainable. Policy. every 2 hours (0.5 ACH).
weather or rest room facilities.
Energy Insulation Regulators
Solar Tiles/Shingles Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Electronic Sensors
- Solar shingles are used to supply - It has a low U- Value (0.36) which - Sensors will be placed at every
electricity up to 30% of the total indicates that it is appropriate to section of the building to regulate
Social and cultural life electricity usage for the building. be used as an insulator for the the temperature, humidity and
- Aesthetically pleasing as it blends structure. rate of air flow.
Distinctive architecture (early aviation) to create sense in with the primary material used - The material is recyclable that - Motion sensors will also be
of positive local identity and encouraging pride in for the roof which is asphalt. assists with LEED points. utilised for lighting purposes to
community. Besides, public space can be potentially - It is a clean form of energy, and - It has a long lifespan, and stable reduce the energy consumption
design as playground area to be provided beside the the tiles are easy to install and R-Value (2.77). for areas that are not in use.
Operation Phase

cafe space will be able to encourage intergenerational maintain with a relatively long - The use of EPS in fact reduces
community development. lifespan, 50 years, thus fitting the the need of transporting another
operational duration of the visitor type of materials as it will also be
centre. used to construct the floating
- Solar panels were taken into pontoon making the solution more
Improves communication with local community consideration in the design sustainable.
and encourage interaction process, however due to its longer
installation procedures, and the
The plan involves an initiative to engage interaction space requirements on the roof,
with the local community. This enables residents to solar tiles were chosen instead as
contribute idea on utilising the public space available. it is more aesthetically-pleasing.
For example, locals can have stalls selling craft or
food during weekends which creates interaction and
provides extra income for the local community.
 7.1 Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)
CLTs can be used for all elements of a building's superstructure.
7.4 Tempered Glass
Flexible Design and Strong
It is produced from kiln-dried finger jointed spruce planks which
are sorted and cut into sheets. These sheets are then stacked at Greater weight bearing capacity than glulam
right angles and glued under a high pressure bonding system in
perpendicular layers. Avoids Thermal Bridging

There is very little heat loss and heat can be retained

Allows for off-site manufacturing

Simplifies construction sequence

Relatively New Material Source: http-//glassed.vitroglazings.com/images/glasstopics/HEAT%

20STRENGTHENED%20VS%20TEMPERED%202
Difficulties in implementing due to lack of research

Source: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29AE.1943-5568.0000117
Embodied Carbon: 386kg/CO2 Primarily used in the windows,
CLT is used in columns, Spruce Timber Tempered Glass is made by
beams, finishing in the main the rapid cooling process in The pie chart breaks down the embodied carbon within
Spruce timber is the Cost per kg: £50 increasing its strength.
building beams in the materials used in the project. It accounts for the most
primary timber source in Spruce is highly abundant
bridge structure. It is also CLT. It provides the core commonly used material and analysis which has the most
used in the deck finishing in Windermere reducing Inert Lighting Aestheticity Sustainable
strength for the planks embodied energy in total. With the structure primarily
for aestheticity logistical cost. It is very
light (410 kg/m3) and easy constructed with timber, it is obvious that Cross Laminated
It provides It provides Timber makes up the majority. However, timber can be
to handle. It is durable on Being
natural for a sleek Glass can be
Embodied Carbon: 900 kg/CO2 its own. It is relatively soft chemically recycled at the end of its cycle and be used in other projects.
lighting thus and modern recycled in a
but is strengthened inert, it does Having chosen same sized members, they are easily
reducing the look. It also close loop
Cost per unit: £240/m3 through CLT. not interact
need for glimpses the over and transferable and adopted into other designs. Selecting Spruce
with the UV
electrical ongoing over again. in the CLT also makes it easily assimilated into other projects
Source:https-//www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-log-lumber-timber-tree-round-ring- rays.
lighting exhibition
pine-spruce-tree-ring-detail-close-up-image73526404 as it is a widely used timber given its strength and durability

7.2 Expanded Polystyrene 7.3 Carbon Steel 7.5 Cost Plan

Embodied Carbon
Carbon steel is highlighted as it
is mainly used in connecting the Costing is broken down into 4 parts. The materials selection is
104 kg/CO2 pontoon to the anchors. referred in Appendix B. A large amount of cost comes from
labour and it involves hiring a lot of professionals - engineers,
Cost per Unit contractors and certified operators. Next is machinery where
Embodied Carbon: 749kg/CO2
large machinery may be required for a large number of days.
£73 per m3 Finally, materials and overhead costs. The complete list of
Cost per m3: £2870
Source: http-//www.technifoam.com/foam-materials/expanded-polystyrene-eps/.jpg
materials is recorded in Appendix B. A large amount of which
Source: http-//www.piyushsteel.com/images/carbonsteel/astmA350 is attributed to the pontoon where EPS is used.
Unlimited Easily put together to fit the layout of -LF2-carbonsteel-roundbars
configurations the structure
Low carbon steel is chosen due to the low heat environment and the
need to be ductile. It contains carbon up to 0.25% and does not
Eliminates Reduces the chance of bacterial contain
Infestations growth on the structure
Malleable Suitable for expansion
Non-toxic and not chemically reactive
Summary
Inert material
making handling safe
Advantages

Good Resistance Withstand tidal forces Materials £406222

Suitable in fresh Machinery £569000
Environmentally suitable
& saltwater Low Tensile Strength Allows for cheaper cost
Labour £817200
Limitations

EPS is mainly used in the Easily Flammable Cheap Due to low carbon General and Administrative £250000
design of the pontoon. The
EPS is made from linear Total £2042422
low-density polyethylene. Prone to Cracking
8.0 Construction and Deconstruction
0. III. HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE

SECTION 1: CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

● Method statements for construction
sequence are planned properly and
methodically for a safer construction process.

Stage 0: The original site of the Cockshott Point, Lake Windermere. Stage 3: SECTION 2: SITE SETTING UP
● The general needs for construction workers
such as toilet, restroom, changing room,
I. canteen and other welfare facilities are
provided for the well-being of the workers on
site.
Stage 3: The abutment is being built by using the precast reinforced concrete. The ● Health and safety hazards and signs are
pontoon of the visitor center will be built by assembling the parts gathered near the identified and specified clearly on site before
materials store. In the meanwhile, the foundations (precast concrete anchor slabs) the commencement of construction work.
are being built to the site. The concrete anchor slabs are placed carefully and
precisely to minimise the impact on the local hydrology and aquatic life due to
SECTION 3: CONSTRUCTION-PHASE HEALTH
sedimentation and soil erosion. The pontoon will then be towed to the site when the
AND SAFETY
concrete anchor slabs are all laid in place and ready to be connected to the slabs.
3.1 SITE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

IV.
● The site layout aims to avoid mobile
Stage 1: Preliminary works for construction including erecting hoarding fences machinery to backtrack. If a need arises,
around the site, setting up construction entrance and temporary access road, reversing alarms must be fitted, proximity
sensors and visions. Furthermore, marshalls
necessary site clearance and implementing safety features as to provide safe
should also be present in aiding the driver
working environment. Specific site has been provided to park heavy plants and when looking backwards.
machineries such as excavator and , backhoe and crane. Silt fences will be installed ● Clearly defined entrances and exits are
at area with exposed soil to minimise the impact of erosion. Toilets and other provided for pedestrian and vehicles with
general facility for the welfare of construction workers are provided. high-vis colour and lights.
● All vehicles and mobile plants are parked on
a well-levelled and stable ground. Unstable
II. slopes and grounds are avoided or levelled
before bringing a machine in the vicinity.

3.2 ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS

The exposed wiring system should be properly
cladded and be handled by certified electrical
technicians.

3.3 FALLING AND DROWNING DUE TO TRIPPING

HAZARDS
● Effective management of access routes such
footpath as to provide safe access to working
position.
● Toe boards and guardrails should be
implemented for the working environment
Stage 2: The steel sheet pile is being driven by an excavator mounted vibrator on a associated with heights as well as using
barge as to provide a safe and dry working environment for the construction of personal protection equipment such as safety
abutment. The prefabricated construction materials such as precast concrete, harness. This is especially important when
concrete anchor slab and the construction timbers are transported by waters on working on the pontoon as there is both risk
barges. These materials will be unloaded to a specific storing site. The transportation from falling from height and into the water.
of construction materials will mainly be operating at night from Bowness Bay since it Stage 4:The pontoon is connected to the 16 concrete anchor slabs with
is the most ideal timing to avoid road congestion and gives minimal impacts to the expandable steel cables.
local community.
9.0 Construction and Deconstruction

V. 3.4 FALLING MATERIAL AND COLLAPSES

VII. The need for adequate support will depend on the type
of excavation, the nature of the ground and the ground
water condition. Collapsing of the sides can be
prevented by supporting them with sheeting or
proprietary support systems. This is especially
important when the type of soil is yet to be analysed.

3.5 MOVING GOODS SAFELY

Stage 5: The timber frame of
the structure is transported to
the site and assembled in situ.
The parts of the frame is being
lifted by cranes mounted onto
the barge. All the construction
works on water require the
workers to have appropriate
personal protection equipment,
particularly the life jacket to
minimise the hazard of
drowning.
VI.
VIII.
Stage 6: The structure of
the visitor is being built
accordingly. The roof of
the structure is being
assembled off-site and
being lifted by cranes
mounted on the barge. The
roof consists of 2 sections
which will be connected
together.
Stage 7: The structure
is completed with
several aestheticity
works. water-source
heat pumps, rainwater
harvesting system and
solar panels are then
installed as
sustainable features of
the visitor center.
Stage 8: The final site for
the visitor center is
reinstated. The temporary
construction access route
is then converted into a
permanent access route
for the access of the public
Landscaping works are
also being done. The slope
with exposed soil will be
planted with vegetation to
minimise soil erosion in the
future.
Lifting operations can be hazardous activities if they are
not properly planned and carried out safely. It is vital to
position the crane in a safe place, so that:
- The crane operator has a clear view;
- It is well away from excavations;
- It is on level ground that can take its full weight
and its load.
- A banksman or a safety marshal must oversee
the activity and to flag out any issues if one
arises.
3.6 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
Regular inspections and maintenance must be carried
out to ensure the functioning of the dam.
DECONSTRUCTION
➢ The structure will be safe and easy to
➢
deconstruct due to its modular structural design.
Site survey and building assessment should be
undertaken to have an overall decommission
plan to ensure safety.
➢ Document the deconstruction plan according to
the REBRI Waste Management Plan.
➢ Use construction plans and drawings to
determine the reverse construction sequencing.
➢ Adequate is scheduled for deconstruction
method since deconstruction requires more
careful planning and is more labour intensive
compared to demolition. Thus, more time is
required.
➢ The structure will be disassembled sections by
sections.
➢ As the primary material for the structure of the
building is timber, the procedure will be
uncomplicated as the timber components will
still be in its initial condition and dimensions.
➢ Therefore, the material could be reused for
another construction after the centre has been
deconstructed.
➢ The other materials, glass, expanded
polystyrene, and fibreglass can also be reused
and recycled which makes our design
sustainable.
10.1 Health & Safety Considerations
Fire Escape Plan
During the early stages of
planning, escape routes are
considered and routed out to
ensure that no design
implementations would put our
visitors at risk.
Measures such as signs, fire
extinguishers and fire exit doors
were set around the visitor
centre. Inclusion of fire escape
route maps would have some
significance in brochures or
posters around the centre.
Consideration to the operator of
firemen have also been taken
into consideration, ensuring that
they are able to work without
any disturbance from the
crowd.
Besides that, life-buoys, life
jackets and handrails are
prepared surrounding the visitor
centre, in the emergency case
there is any water-related
incidents
Legend
Fire Exit
Fire Escape Route
Entry Route For Firemen
Fire Extinguisher
10.2 Health and Safety During Operation
Health and safety factors have been identified throughout the
report. It is important to consider the mitigating measures to them
during the operation phase of the visitor center.
Plan escape routes and ensure they remain
available and unobstructed. Signs will be needed if
people are not familiar with the escape routes
Protect routes by installing the permanent fire
separation and fire doors
It is important that escape routes give access to a
safe place where people can assemble.
Handrails are constantly maintained. They surround
the visitor centre to prevent anyone from going
overboard.
Given a floating structure there is only a maximum
number of 2500 people onboard at a given period of
time. Although this is a conservative measure there
must be a marshall present at all times ensuring the
number of people do not exceed the limit.
Inflatable life jackets and floats are placed around
the handrails and can be used in the case of anyone
going overboard.
An inflatable life boat is stored in the mechanical and
electrical room in the case of drowning.
Marshalls on board the structure should be trained
lifeguards in the case that swimming is required.
First-aid kits are stored in the utility room in case of
an emergency. They are constantly checked and
replenished when required.
Only trained professionals are allowed into the
mechanical and electrical room. The room must be
constantly locked to prevent intrusion.
The closest hospital is Westmorland General
Hospital, Burton Rd, Kendal LA9 7RG
There must be a separation wall between the
electrical appliances and the water tanks in the
Mechanical and Electrical room.
All staff working in the convention center are
properly trained in the case of an emergency.
10.3 Social Impact Assessment
Operation Phase
Construction Phase
Noise caused by construction activities Local boat business
The noise is primarily caused by construction activities and also
The new visitor centre which have span of roughly 60 metre at
delivery of material and equipment. However, there can be an
Cockshott point and will affect the local business at the
alternative route for the transportation route for material or
marina.Boat docking at the marina will have to take a slight
equipment which can choose a route that passes through the
detour around the convention center. Planning permissions
minimal residential area, decreasing the impact on local
will be obtained prior to making the change happen. Sea
community. Besides, communication with local communities
vessels will be able to have a 270-degree view of the
especially local business owner around the site of time schedule
convention center moving in and out of the marina.
and timing of heavy construction works.
Income and local employment opportunities
The visitor centre aims to boost the economy especially the
tourism industry in Windermere. Hence, local business will
especially be able to directly benefit from this project through
employment opportunities especially during the construction
phase. Local construction companies can be contracted or
subcontracted in order for this to happen.
10.4 Environmental Impact Assessment
Construction Phase Operation Phase
Soil erosion from Silt fence will be installed around the Any leakage from the storage tank due to
construction exposed soil during the construction overflow will be collected by channels
activities
around the tank. In case of leakage is
Water quality
occurred, the operator is recommended to
Contamination Checks for machineries will be impact due to
leakage of close the permanent toilets until the
from spillage of undergone with schedules to ensure all
oils and fuels. sewage option leakage is cleared and the tank is repaired.
machineries are fit and safe to use
Emergent maintenance for the
malfunctioned facilities should be carried
All the construction materials will be out as soon as practicable.
handled with care and will be handled
by specialist to avoid mistakes in
Waste generation
materials handling (cutting and stuff). All Development Site with no vehicular traffic
the materials will be reused, recycled – where porous or semi permeable paved
and ultimately landfilled in the end. surfaces will be used in association with
Water quality
impact due to grassed swales and soakaways to
Marine life such as fishes, live corals surface Runoff attenuate run-off. Terraced construction
and such are ensured to have been and Drainage will control the rate of surface runoff with
moved to a different habitat but within catchpits providing oxygenation and
Marine Life the same environment. Although there’s solids removal at the steps formed.
no dredging, but the concrete anchor
slabs take quite a large area, thus
appropriate measures in moving wildlife
is taken into consideration
Appendix
Appendix A - Project Cost
Cost per Cost per
Construction Material L(mm) B(mm) H(mm) Quantity Unit Total Volume Cost Labour Quantity Unit Total Volume Cost
Columns 400 400 5000 6 240 5 1152 Crane Operator 1 85 200 17000
Excavator Operator 1 85 200 17000
Beam 500 400 10000 34 240 68 16320
Boat Operator 1 85 200 17000
Diagonal Truss 200 150 4500 48 240 6 1555
Foremen 3 85 200 51000
Vertical Truss 200 150 2000 48 240 3 691 Engineers 5 150 320 240000
Roof Panels 50000 10000 200 240 100 24000 Project Manager 1 140 320 44800
Solar Shingles 50000 10000 200 236 100 23600 Construction Manager 1 120 320 38400

Floor Deck 45000 10000 100 240 45 10800 HS Manager 1 100 320 32000
Quality Manager 1 100 320 32000
Walls 110000 5000 300 240 165 39600
Skilled Labour 5 85 320 136000
Glass 120 145 17400
Normal Labour 10 60 320 192000
EPS 58 18 2 1 73 1760 128444
Total 817200
Ballast Tanks 1 7 6 13 100 299 29929
Piping and Wiring 200000 150 300000 0 9000
Concrete Anchor
Carbon Steel 650000 2000 2870 3731
Internal Fittings 100000
Steel Sheet Piles 800 2000 11 233 18 4101
Total 410323

Cost per
Machinery L(mm) B(mm) H(mm) Quantity Unit Total Volume Cost
Crane Large 1 2000 50 100000
Small 1 500 50 25000
Bulldozer 1 1200 20 24000
Excavator 1 2000 50 100000
Large boat 1 3000 50 150000
Tug boat 2 500 20 10000
Van 3 500 320 160000

Total 569000
Appendix B - Rainwater Harvesting

Monthly rainfall obtained from UK Meteorological Data

Appendix C - Electricity Demand

Toilets
Number of Toilets 4
Hours a day 12
Number of Used Days 300
Number of bulbs/bathroom 16
Energy usage kW 0.06
Total Amount of Energy Used 13824

Main Convention Centre

Number of used days 300
Number of Convention Halls 2
Hours used per day 12
Number of Industrial Lights 20
Energy Usage 0.12
Total Amount of Energy Used 17280

Kitchen
Hours used per day 12
Number of lights in the dining area 15
Number of lights in the prep area 10
Total 25
Energy Usage (kWh) 0.12
Numbr of used days 300
Total Amount of Energy Used 10800

Outside Area
Number of bulbs 40
Energy Usage (kWh) 0.06
Number of used Days 365
Number of Hours 12
Total Amount of Energy 10512

Amount of Energy Consumed Annually (kW) 52416