Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University

Carig Campus
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CSU Vision

Transforming
lives by Educating POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
for the BEST.
FOR THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CSU Mission

CSU is committed
to transform the
In partial fulfilment for the requirements of the course
lives of people and
communities Solid Waste Management
through high
(ChE 82)
quality instruction
and innovative
research,
development,
production and
extension. By:
Acebedo, Daphne Sheerah C.
CSU – IGA Dela Cruz, Martin Joseph L.
Competence Macalino, Virginia Isabel O.
Social Responsibility
Obillo, Ana Rose S.
Unifying Presence
Ramirez, John Conrad P.
Unday, Jesa M.
COE – IGA Velasquez, Errol James S.
Innovative Thinking
Synthesis
Personal Responsibility
Empathy
Research Skill
Entrepreneurial Skill

February 2020
 CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 3
A. About the Manual ............................................................................................................................... 3
B. Waste Management Hierarchy of the building under study ........................................................... 3
C. College of Engineering Department Profile ...................................................................................... 4
D. Process Flow ........................................................................................................................................ 5
II. POLLUTION PREVENTION ....................................................................................................... 6
A. Importance of Pollution Prevention .................................................................................................. 6
B. Pollution Prevention Strategies.......................................................................................................... 6
C. Pollution Prevention Method for the College of Engineering ......................................................... 7
D. Other Pollution Prevention Methods ................................................................................................ 9
III. POLLUTION CONTROL ........................................................................................................... 10
I. INTRODUCTION

A. About the Manual

The purpose of this manual is to provide control strategies regarding the issues on
solid waste management in the College of Engineering (COE) Department, Cagayan State
University – Carig Campus. This manual also intends to promote the prevention of
pollution particularly on solid wastes and to practice the department regarding waste
reduction and segregation.

B. Waste Management Hierarchy of the building under study

Waste management is the process of collecting, processing, and recycling different

types of wastes to make useful materials or the process of disposing waste in an
environmentally friendly way.
Different types of waste in the COE building include instructional materials, used
electronics, waste from the ongoing construction, plastics etc. The waste management
hierarchy is a basis for developing various waste management strategies. The sole purpose
of developing the hierarchy is to determine the maximum number of products that is still
beneficial out of the waste.

Source Reduction and

Reuse
Source Reduction
and Reuse

Recycling/Compo Recycling/Composting
sting

Energy Recovery
Energy Recovery

Treatment and
Disposal
Treatmenet and
Discposal

Figure 1: Waste Management Hierarchy

 Source reduction and reuse is given the top priority in waste management program. It
emphasizes the reduction of trash generated through source reduction and reuse strategies.
The college can avoid producing waste by using electronic documents rather than hardcopies.
The faculty teachers can instruct their students to pass their assignments, term papers or other
requirements in a paperless manner using softcopies instead of printing it in papers. The
college can also minimize waste by purchasing longer lasting products rather than disposable
products.
The next strategy is recycling/composting which is the second preferred option in the waste
management hierarchy and is perhaps the most common strategy. This step is necessary to
reduce the amount of waste already generated. One should understand and bear in mind that
anything that cannot be recycles and reused must be disposed in a landfill. In addition to this
is considering the basic knowledge of how a landfill operates and the environmental impacts
of these operations on the environment in order to fulfil the objectives of any waste reduction
program.
In accordance to the hierarchy, the strategies proposed will be in compliance with R.A.
9003 also known as “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2004”. Pollution prevention
and control options will also be generated along with the process of conducting this project.

C. College of Engineering Department Profile

Figure 2: College of Engineering (COE) Building

D. Process Flow
 II. POLLUTION PREVENTION

A. Importance of Pollution Prevention

In our world, waste generation have increased massively through time. Increasing population,
enormous number of developing industries, and different man-made activities are the major
contributors in the increasing pollution present today. For this reason, pollution prevention is a
significant solution.

The significance of pollution prevention is that it does not only reduce environmental costs
such as health problems and environmental damage but it also helps us to reduce the financial cost
for clean-up and waste management. Pollution prevention is a good practice to protect the
environment by conserving and protecting natural resources, reducing waste materials while
supporting economic growth through more efficient industries and less waste generation to
households, companies and communities. Implementing pollution prevention practices in the
workplace, in our school, or even in our own homes will be a way in achieving sustainable
development.

B. Pollution Prevention Strategies

Pollution prevention is not also called source reduction for no reason. Source reduction is the
reduction of waste before it becomes a pollutant that can gravely affect the environment, which
also includes the air and water, and human health. Some known source reduction strategies are
done at home, where a product which have become useless, a waste, is strategically reduced by
the waste generator. But even before a product have been made, waste generation can also be
reduced. Thus, source reduction does not only pertain to reduction at home, it also pertains to
reduction at the real source, before a product has been produced.

The following are some of many strategies which can be done by manufacturing companies to
promote source reduction at the real source, many of which also follows the principle of green
engineering.
1. Eliminate Nonessentials

Some products, processes or procedures done in manufacturing companies can be

eliminated without harming the public’s interest or the quality of the product. This can be done
with the willingness of the company. To be able to do this, the company must rethink its needs;
and the public’s interest. Just because a process or a product existed for years, it doesn’t mean that
it cannot be eliminated to reduce waste.

2. Improve Operating Practices

If the company is truly willing to reduce the wastes that it produce, it must also be willing
to reassess the operating practices which it does. This can help not only in the reduction of wastes
but also in the improvement of the company’s operation. Losses can be reduced, and the materials,
maximized.

3. Modification of Products

Modification of a product means a design must be reevaluated. If a product can be

redesigned without compromising the quality or the name of the product, it can help greatly in the
reduction of waste that will soon be generated. It does not mean that the product be replaced or
eliminated, it only means that if a process or a part of the design which causes a great waste
generation can be altered, it could greatly help.

4. Purchase of More Durable Products

High quality products or equipment can eliminate the need of constant replacement.
Constant replacement causes high generation of wastes, thus, elimination of such will likely help
in the reduction.

5. Replace Materials to Reduce Toxicity

If a less toxic material can be used as a substitute for a more toxic material without
compromising the products quality, waste reduction can be realized.

C. Pollution Prevention Method for the College of Engineering

The most efficient type of pollution prevention for the college of engineering is through solid
optimization. Various ways of solid optimization is the reduction of materials, reuse of old
materials for another purpose, recycling materials that still have a purpose and recovery of
materials from waste. Since the most common waste found from the building were plastics and
papers, there are various ways to recycle these wastes which are indicated as follows:

1. For plastic bottles, it can serve as an alternative pot for gardening. Plastic mountain dew bottles
can be used as a design for gardening since it has a neon effect. Plastic bottles can also be used
as alternative water can, funnel, scoop, small trashcan, piggy bank, vases and pencil cases.

2. Since we want to reduce paper waste, papers that have print and does not serve any purpose can
be used to create vases, paper bags any other things. Papers that have print on one side but are
still whole can be used as a scratch paper for students or can used to print out examination
papers or hand-outs to lessen the use of new bond papers. Some papers can also be used as a
packaging material for equipment and utilities that are not to be used.
3. Leaves falling from trees can be piled in one empty space to serve as fertilizer for the soil as
they decompose. It can also be preserved and use it to design during events.

D. Other Pollution Prevention Methods

Solid wastes are continuously generated in schools despite the pre-existing rules and
regulations regarding its usage and disposal. Strict implementation should be practiced to ensure
the minimization of solid waste pollution in our college. There are various methods for pollution
prevention. Some of the additional pollution prevention methods are the following:

1. Proper segregation of wastes

In the college of engineering, there are trash bins allotted for biodegradable, non-
biodegradable, and recyclable wastes. However, segregation is not observed. The segregation of
solid wastes was already long introduced to us, but the implementation is not properly organized.
Segregation is the stepping stone to different treatments or methods that the solids wastes will
undergo. If the waste is properly segregated, the ones that can be recycled and reused will be easily
pulled out. Thus, lesser waste will go to landfills which makes it better for the environment.
Segregation also plays an impact on public health and safety. Hazardous wastes should be disposed
correctly and safely without mixing it up with normal wastes because it can cause serious health
problems.

2. Source reduction

There is an abundant plastic waste in the college of engineering. Though the university banned
the usage of plastic inside the campus, there are still stalls that use them. Single use plastics are
very common in the college. These plastics are used by the students in handling their purchased
foods from mobile vendors in the college. Banning single use plastics can help reduce the solid
waste generated in the college. Paper cups or tissue papers can be used as alternatives.

3. Vermicomposting
Scattered dried leaves in the college and other food waste can be used as organic fertilizers
when they are composed. Vermicompost is the product of the decomposition process using various
species of worms, usually red wriggles, white worms, and other earthworms.
 III. POLLUTION CONTROL

Pollution control is defined as reducing or eliminating waste at the source by modifying

production processes, promoting the use of non-toxic or less-toxic substances, implementing
conservation techniques, and re-using materials rather than putting them into the waste stream.
The first step in controlling pollution is to understand what potential sources of pollution exist at
your school site and what effects they might have on human health and the environment.

In our department’s daily operations, some activities and chemicals used may add to indoor
and outdoor pollution by releasing harmful substances that can contaminate the air, soil, or water.
Common sources of air pollution in and around a campus site may include the chemicals in
cleaning products, air fresheners, building materials, and vehicle exhaust. Common sources of
water and soil pollution could include soil runoff, litter, improper disposal of hazardous wastes,
and any chemicals inappropriately poured down the drain. Polluted air inside and outside the
department can irritate eyes, nose, and throat, cause shortness of breath, aggravate asthma, and
impact the heart and cardiovascular system.

Reduction of pollution can be attain through the following control and techniques:

1. Disposal/Recycling of Potential Pollutants: many products used at the College of

Engineering may actually be considered pollutants, and must be stored and recycled or
disposed of in the appropriate way in order to avoid pollution. Mercury-containing items
like fluorescent light bulbs, electronic waste, and chemicals like cleaning products, paints,
solvents, vehicle fluids, batteries, and other products. As a student, we should disposed
properly those waste and to make sure that none of these products are going down the drain
or in the landfill trash.

2. Reducing Chemical Use: College of Engineering use a variety of chemicals to maintain

clean facilities. While cleanliness and sanitation are crucial to student and staff health,
using non-toxic or less toxic products for cleaning, pest management, and grounds keeping
can help reduce exposure to chemicals that can also affect health. We should evaluate
products for human and environmental safety, and as a resource for choosing products that
are less toxic.
3. Reducing Vehicle Emissions: Vehicle emissions are a principal source of carbon
emissions and a major contributor to climate change. Reducing miles travelled by car by
using alternative modes of transportation to and from school, using fuel-efficient or electric
vehicles for school-related transportation are principle ways to reduce emissions. There are
numerous ways to support alternative transportation to and from the school site for both
students and staff, including carpooling, public transit, biking, walking, and more.
Encourage students to be creative in promoting alternative transportation.

4. Promoting efficient and healthy buildings and surroundings: Many factors contribute
to making campus buildings energy-efficient and healthy for users especially to students.
Administrators must consider heating, lightning, and water use as well as chemicals used
in cleaning and the products that the campus is purchase. Environmentally sound cleaning
is not just about the janitorial products you buy, the healthy sustainable campus guide
suggests strategies for minimizing dirt and waste, such as sweeping regularly just outside
entryways and using waste dispensers to reduce consumption of resources.

5. Green Engineering building: Remodelling a building to make it more energy-efficient or

building a new facility using green engineering principles can dramatically reduce the
energy and water and money needed to run a campus. Because campus facilities are used
for years and years, schools districts are in a unique position to benefit from green building
and design efforts, which sometimes represent higher upfront costs. The greater the return
on those upfront investments.