_SAY IT IN MAORI MAORI PHRASE BOOK Compiled by Alan Armstrong | ® Published by Viking Sevenseas Limited P.O. Box 152 Paraparaumu, New Zealand.Alan Armstrong was an Auckland business- man.’ Hewas a formerChairman and Club Captain of the famous Ngati Poneke Young Maori Club of Wellington and had trained and led several Maori concert parties which have appeared overseas, His wife, Te Waiehu, had often collaborated with him in his con- cert party work and is a grand daughter of the late Sir Apirana Ngata. Alan Armstrong was the author of a number of publications: “Maori Action Songs” (with Reupena Ngata) “Maori Games and Haka” “The Maori People” “Say it in Maori” “Maori Customs and Crafts” “Kiwi Cooking” “Haere Mai” “Games and Dances of the Maori People” “Nga Mahi Takaro a te Maori” ELEVENTH PRINTING 1994 ISBN 854670106 © Copyright 1968 Seven Seas Publishing Py Ltd, PO Box 152, Paraparaumu, New Zealand PRINTED IN HONG KONG BY WARREN PRINTING CO., LTD. CONTENTS SECTION 1 The Maori language 5 Introduction; Nature of the language. Tribal differences; Transtiteration SECTION 2 Maori pronunciation 9 Vowels; Consonants; Syllables; Emphasis SECTION 3 Vocabulary 11 Using the vocabulary; Maori-English: English-Maori SECTION 4 Conversational phrases 36 Greetings, thanks, courtesy phrases: Eating and drinking: Of work and doing things: Coming and going Seeking directions; Expressing emotions; Weather, Enquiries; Negatives, affirmatives and short replies. Speaking, heaving and listening; Telling the time; Counting: Days, months, seasons, compass points SECTION 5 Proverbial sayings 48 SECTION 6 Place names and their meanings 51 SECTION 7 Miscellaneous 55 Common English names and their Maori equivalents; New Zealand currency and metric conversion: Kiwi English and pronunciation Colour Plates Wanganui Pa in the 1840°s (Gilfillian) 15 Pohutukawa flowers in bloom 21 Maori mother and child 31 Toi toi plants near Lake Waikaremoana 40 Statue of Pania, Napier 46 Etchings by C. D. Barraud reproduced on pages 4, 8, 10, 12, 26, 35, 44, 47 and 54 appeared originally in ‘New Zealand, Graphic and Descriptive’ published in 1877THE MAORI LANGUAGE Introduction The visitor to New Zealand will not need a phrase book to converse with Maori or Pakeha (white person) provided he or she’speaks English! English is the nation’s official language’and is the medium of instruction in all its, schools. Some of the finest exponents of English in New Zealand are Maoris and all except a mere handful of the very oldest Maoris speak, read and write English in the same manner as their European or Pakeha brethren, Nevertheless Maori is still very much a living language and is widely used in Maori homes and on purely Maori social occasions. It is a subject at University level and is sal in public examinations by a large number of pupils each year. It is true the increasing urbanisation of the Maori people is bringing forth a new generation with very little opportunity to appreciate al first hand the values and cultural traditions of their forbears yet there are few Maoris who would not assert that even now their language is the corner, stone of their identity as a proud warrior race. Maori is not an easy language to learn, It has a rich vocabulary and a complex but by no means illogical grammatical structure. It would be impossible for a visitor either to learn the language before coming to New Zealand or to pick it up during the course of a stay of any length except the longest duration and then only if his contact with the Maori people was of the most intimate kind, Maoris would never expect a visitor to address them in their own language and it is perhaps for that very reason that a visitor who cared to try would be richly rewarded with trust, understanding and warm friendship. This booklet offers the means to understand something of the natureof the language, to be able to pronounce it in a reasonably accurate fashion, to know a very inadequate vocabulary and to learn a few phrases which properly and appropriately used could be an entree into Maori social life and a friendship with the Maori people which would be both richly re- warding and warmly satisfying,The nature of the language The Maori language is phonetic, that is, itis pronounced generally speaking, as it is spelt, There are fifteen letters in the Maori alphabet. The vowels are a, ¢, i, 0, u and the consonants are h, k, m,n, ng, p, r, t, W, wh. The sounds ‘and “wh" have been classed as letters because they form single sounds which are not represented exactly in the English language. Maori is a dialect of the language spoken throughout Polynesia. As such it has an affinity with most of the languages spoken in the Pacific and in South-East Asia, For example Maori Fiji Samoa Solomon Is Malaya — Tahiti Sky rangi lagi lagi dang langit’ rai ‘Stone whatu atu fatu vatu batu fatu Eye mata mata. = mata’=—s mata’ mata. mata, Five ima lima lima lima Jima rima Within the language itself there are differences between tribes and districts but these are lessening with the passage of time and do not prevent Maoris throughout New Zealand from understanding one another. ‘Tribal differences in spoken Maori Between the various tribes there are differences in emphasis and intonation, In some areas Maoris speak in a sing-song manner and in others they speak | more quickly biting the words out in staccato fashion. The “wh” sound is often a sure pointer to a speaker’s tribe. It is variously rendered as “wh”, “h”, “hw” and “f”. Amongst the Tuhoe people of the Bay of Plenty and in parts of the South Island the “ng” sound becomes a straight “n". The ‘Ngai Tahu people substitute “k”” for “ng” in many words. Thus “kainga” becomes “kaika”, There are also minor differences in vocabulary and some tribes are more. addicted than others to transliterate forms and to the interjection in Maori speech of English words and phrases. This latter is an increasingly modern tendency deplored by the dwindling band of traditionalists and recognised by others as a mark of true bilingualism where speakers are equally at home in two languages and use that which better expresses the particular thought at a particular point in the flow of conversation, ’AS aut exanuple of minor tribal vocabulary variation ve have the Magni ‘equivalent of the English “friend”, “sir”, or “old chap”. The most common Maori term of address is “e hoa’ (literally; “oh friend”), However “e kare” — i the equivalent amongst the people of the Waikato. On the East Coast of the North Island however one would hear “e hika". Two other terms of address used in certain areas are “e mara" for both sexes and “e kare” for a| older men only. A common Maori greeting is “Kei te pewhea koe” (How are you doing), However, many a Maori visiting the Ngati Porou tribal area ‘might be somewhat mystified to be greeted with “Kei aha”. The speaker still means “How are you doing” but in reality he is using an abbreviated form of “Kei te aha koe™ which is * Whar are you doing?” or How are you? ‘Transliteration Before the coming of the Europeans, the vocabulary of the Maori language was naturally smaller than it is today. Colonisation brought many things which were new to the Maoris and they listened carefully to the European names of these things and then tried to repeat the words. This conversion of English words into Maori is called transliteration. The transliterate forms varied. Many of the terms stuck and are listed in the dictionary as, the Maori words for importations unknown to the ancient Maori, For example, “huka”” is sugar, “poaka” is pig, “pene” is pen and there are many others. Most of the Maori words are easy to relate to their English equivalent but a few area little strange and interesting. “Wiwi” is French- man and derives from the French “oui, oui”. “Taika” is the word for a piebald horse and this is due to the fact that Governor Grey had a piebald pony named “Tiger”. Some purists deplore the use of transliterate words but this is a quite legitimate facet of linguistic evolution, Just as many English words have been borrowed from foreign sources so the Maori has coined words ‘rom the other language with which he lives. (One interesting example of trans- literation in reverse is that the pioneers on hearing the quick Maori pro- nunciation of “pohutukawa” christened the tree of this name “footy-cover”.) Of course many words in modern Maori are only found in a transliterate form of the English. Where a Maori word exists however it should be used in preference to a transliterate form. In some cases however the traditional word carties a different nuance of meaning from its modern equivalent. For example the transliterate form of cook is “kuki”. The old Maori word however is “tuamu”, This also means a slave because cooking, as a menial task, was normally given to slaves to carry out, There is another word which can be used if “tumau” is considered to be indicative of a buried past. This is “kaiwhakamaoa kai” which literally means “the worker who ‘cooks food.” Most dictionaries give the word for window as “mataaho” or “matapihi”, but the transliterations “winera” and “wini” are quite accept- able as these apply to a glass window whereas the older words really mean the opening in the wall of an old-time meeting house closed by a sort of sliding panel.THE PRONUNCIATION OF MAORI We give greatly simplified rules for the pronunciation of Maori. Whilst it is a fact that only a person who has studied Maori for a very long time can pronounce it as perfectly as a native speaker of the language, this appli to any language. It is possible however with only a little care to pronounce the language correctly and in a way which is pleasing to the Maori ear Each vowel has a short and a long sound and the use of one or the other of these sounds can completely alter the meaning of the word. For example kaka (or kaakaa) is the Maori parrot whilst kaka is another native bird, the bittern. Kaka is red hot and kaka means lineage. There has been some controversy as to whether in the written form of the language the lengthened vowel should be shown by the macron, as above, or by a doubling of the letter but most experts agree that there should be some way. The writer prefers the macron as there are occasions in compound words when the doubled vowel is integral to the word rather than a device to indicate length of sound. For example we have “whakaae” which is the causative prefix “whaka’ used before the word “ae”. Others complain that the doubled vowel distorts the commonly accepted appearance of the word. Vowels ‘The approximate sounds are a —as in mark (long “a”) or as in cut (short “a”) © —as in bet (short “e”) or a sound in between bet and weight (long “e”) i—as in feed (long i") or as in fit (short “i”) o—as in fork (long “o") or as in violet (short “o u—as in spoon (long “u") or as in soot (short “u") Maori vowel sounds are very much more pure and rounded than the English equivalents, Consonants ‘These are pronounced much the same as in English, The following points should be noted. 1r—The “r” is not rolled. ng — This is a nasalised sound as in singing. It must NOT be pronounced ‘as a straight “n” sound or as the “ng” in finger.wh — Whilst in some parts of New Zealand, particularly in the Far ‘North, “wh” is still given the pronunciation which was undoubtedly current when the missionaries first transcribed Maori into written form, hamely as an aspirated w (hw as in when), the pronunciation of “wh as a glided-over “I” is now definitely the more common. Syllables ; ‘A beginner attempting to pronounce Maori should divide difficult words into es and pronounce each syllable slowly at first and then more quickly SyiffPine whole word flows smoothly. A syliable in Maori is either @ vowel on its own or a consonant followed by a vowel (“wh” and “ng” count as single consonants), Examples are: Ngartawahi ‘Whangarei — Wha / nga / 1© — Nga / ru ja/wa/ bisa i (NOT Wong - gat - ray) Emphasis Maori words are generally emphasised slightly tangata. Some compound words are given a sre: portion of the word, e.g. whaka/oki. on the first syllable, e.g. tater degree on the second USING THE VOC: BULARY The latest edition of Williams Maori-English Dictionary (there is no full- scale English-Maori dictionary) runs into almost 500 pages. It will therefore be appreciated just how few words from the total Maori vocabulary can be given in the pages that follow. A selection has been made of common words and of the common meaning or meanings of these words. The vocabulary should thus prove of assistance in reading notices, inscriptions etc. written in Maori and permit limited substitution of key words in the colloquial sentences to be found elsewhere in this book. The abbreviations, and a few words of explanation for those of you who are shaky in English grammar, are as follows: n= noun i. a naming word such as cat, dog etc. As in English Maori nouns are usually preceded by an article “he” (a) “te” (the — singular) “nga” (the — plural) or a demonstrative “tenei” (this) ‘enei”” (these) “tena” (that-which is near the person spoken to) ‘ena” (plural of tena) “tera” (that — away from you and the person spoken to) “era” (plural of tera), In Maori, except for a very few words, the word does NOT change to indicate plural. Thus: re tangata (the man), nga tangata (the men). y.t. = transitive verb. That is, a “doing” word in which the action passes to an object. y.i, = intransitive verb, A “doing” word in which the action does not pass to an object. Maori is less complex than English and there is not the wide range of tenses to be found in the latter. Tense ii usually indicated by other words in the sentence such as “now” “tomorrow” “later” etc. Here are some examples in brief as listed in Williams using the verb “karanga (to call) Continuous (past, present, future) E........ana e.g. E karanga ana ia (He was, is, will be, calling) Completed (past, present, future) Kua....... eg. Kua karanga ia (He had, has, will have, called) Inceptive (past or future) Ka ssesos ix eg. Ka karanga ia (He called, he will call) Indefinite (past) Pee e.g. I karanga ia (He called) Indefinite (future) Bon senyey eg. E karanga ia (he will call) Imperative Karanga! Call! Kaua ¢ karanga! Don't call!adj, — adjectives i.e, “describing” words. In Maori the adjective always follows its noun, e.g. he whare nui (a large house). Two adjectives are not put together with a noun in Maori. Instead the noun is repeated, eg. He tangata roa, he tangata Pakeha (a tall white man). To compare we add atu (comparative) and rawa (super- lative), e.g. pai; pai atu; pai rawa (good; better; best). adv. — adverbs ie. words which describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs, In the great majority of cases they are placed after the word they qualify. The exceptions are tino (very) ata (slowly) matua (first) eg, He kotiro ataahua rawa (the adverb “rawa’ qualifies “ataahua”) but He tamaiti tino ataahua (“tino” precedes “ataahua”), prep. = preposition. Ln, = local noun. co oa pron. pronoun ie, a word which stands for a noun such as “it”, “he etc. conj. = conjunction e.g. a “joining” word used to connect two phrases or clauses. interr. = interrogative. ural. MAORI TO EN a 1. of, belonging to; 2, a nominal particle A (v4) drive (conj.) and; at length ne (adv.) yes aha (pron.) what ahakoa (conj.) although; notwith- standing sahau (pron) 1; me ‘hea (adv.) when (future) hei (v.i.) can; be able (not followed by prep.) at (n) fire ahiahi (7) evening ‘ihua (x) form, shape, appearance iihuareka (adj,) pleasant he (v.i,) move in a certain direction aianei (ady,) now; today (a) misfortune; accident (vat) dash ako (v.t,)-+i learn -+ki teach fiku (pron) pl. of tku — my Akuanei (adv.) now, presently amo (v.1. carry on shoulder ina (pron,) pl. of tina — his/her mnake (ady.) only and (ad) again 0 (v.i.) dawn (n) day (9) put side by side pdp6 (adv.) tomorrow pore (n) apple ari (adv.) namely, that is to say ara (n) path; way rahi (v.t,) guide; lead arero (n) tongue aroha (».t.) (1) love aro (v.t,) turn towards (x) front sLISH aroaro (1) front; presence aronga (1) direction aru (¥.t.) pursue; follow ata (1) morning; shadow dita (adv.) gently; slowly; quietly Ataahua (ad).) beautiful atawhai (adj.) kind (v.t.) pity atua (i) god atu (adv.) away (from speaker) u (pron. pl. of tau — your au (pron,) 1; me (short for alau) au (def) pl. of (awa — those auahi (7) smoke awa (7) channel; river awaawa (n) valley awatea (n) daylight awhi (v.t.) embrace Awhio (v.1.) go round Awhiowhio (adj.) winding; circuitous chara (adv) not © (prep.) verbal particle and particle of address, e.g. e hoa! Friend! ¢ (prep.) by (after passive verbs) hea (pron) pl. of thea — which eke (v.t.) embark; mount na pl. of tend — those (things close to you) nei pl. of ténei — these Engari (conj.) but ‘ra pl. of tera — those (things over there) @tahi pl. of tétahi — some huhae (..) be Jealous; have ill feeling hnaehae (».1.) tear haere (»./.) go; come; walk haerenga (n) journeyhnaereere (¥./.) walk about babi (1) church hikari (n) feast; large meal haimama (»./,) to be open (of the mouth) up (shout) hhanga (v.t.) make; build hora (n) hour bapa (9.1) lift hararei (n) holiday bite (x) shirt hau (n) air; wind hhaunga (ri) smell haurangi (adj.) drunken; distraught hawhe (1 adj.) half Wg (a; adj.) wrong he a; some hei (con),) as, for, to be hieke (v./.) migrate; descend hemokai (7) hunger heoi; heoti (adv.) accordingly; that is all; and so here (v.1.) tie (n) bond hheu (v.12) shave (x) razor hia (interr.) how many hiahia (v.t.) wish for; hhiainn (ad) thirsty hhiakai (adj.) hungry amoe (adj.) sleepy hhinengaro (n) mind Ihinga (v.i) fall hhoa (1) friend hhoariri (n) enemy hhoatu (y.t.) give away; put; place ahd (adj.) weary; tired of (n) nuisance hohonu (adj.) deep hohoro (y.i.) hasten hidiho horse hoihoi (7) noise hoki (conj.) and, also (vi) return hoko (v.2.) buy, sell homai (.t) give (to or towards speaker) 14 hono (».1.) join hopu (v..) catch; seize horoi (v.t.) wash hou (adj.) new; fresh hua (v.i.) bear fruit (n) fruit; berry hua (y.t.) name hiuanga (2) profit hwarahi (n) road tbuhua (adj.) abundant fhuihui (¥) assemble huka (n) sugar; frost; cold; foam hukarere (7) snow bburi (v.i.) turn {i (prep.) in (also verbal part.) ia (pron.) he; him; she; her irl Gn) yard iho (adv.) downward ika (n) fish ikeike (adj. ind (conj.) fo (adv,) when iniihea (adv.) when (past) jianei (adv.) now; just now inanahi (adv.) yesterday inapé last night inihi (n) inch noi (v.1,) pray; beg inu (v.t.) drink ingoa (n) name ipu (7) bottle iti (@dj.) small iwi (n) nation; people; tribe ka verbal particle kaha (adj) strong; active kahaki (9.1.) carry off kre (adv) no not kabu/kakahu (n) garment kai (yt) eat (®) food kaidrahi (7) guide kaikii (ad).) eager kaimahi (n) one who works kAinga (n) home; unfortified village Kkakara (adj.) savourykakawa (n) sweat kake (v.t.) ascend kanikani ().i) dance (x) dance anobi (1) faces eye kkapua (n) cloud Jeaeahe (7) glass karakia (n) church service; chant kararehe (7) beast, animal karanga (v.1.) call (out) kkarere (n) messenger kara (2) eye kata (v.i.) laugh Kati stop; enough! cease kitahi (adv.) then Kktipa (n) constable katoa (adj.) all (n) whole kau (y.1,) swim (adr.) only kaua do not Kkauhoe (y..) swim ‘kaukau (y.i.) bathe kaumiitua (7) adul kaute (n) account; () to count kawa (adj) sour; bitter kame (¥.1) eaity; bring; take kei (con) lest; that not (prep.) at; in keke (n) cake Ki (prep.) to; at Ki (yt) say; tell; think: (adj.) fall (@) key kia (conj.) that; in order that kkiano not yet Kihai (ady.) not kiki (ad).) tight kiko (7) flesh; skin kimi (v.t.) seek; look for kino (ad).) bad, ugly eri (n) skin; bark kite (v.1) see; understand ki (n) yonder place ko (prep) to 16 elder ill koa (adj.) glad koe (pron.) you (singular) koi (adj.) sharp kkond (1) that place (by you) konei (7) this place here raha (n) open country kore (adv.) not krero (v.1.) say; tell kérero pukapuka (v.t.) read koroua (7) old man ‘korua you two kotahi (adj.) one iro (2) gitl kcéwhata/k@hatu (1) stone tkust has, had (verbal part.) kuiti (adj.) narrow Keukume (¥.f.) pull ‘kupa (n) word; message ‘kara (adj.) red; precious (a) school kurt (n) dog kaware (adj.) ignorant ‘waa () door ‘ma (adj.) white; clean; clear mi (prep.) for maeneene (adj.) smooth; soft méero (n) mile imiha (adj.) many, contented mabana (adj.) warm makara (y..) think of; remember mahi (pf) (v2) work mahue (part.) left behind mahunga (7) head mai (adv.) hither; towards me maka (v./.) put; throw; place mokemoke (adj.) lonely makona (part.) satisfied ‘maku (pron.) for me ‘makikii (adj.) damp; wet mama (adj.) light weighted (n) mother : ‘mamae (”) pain; anguish mana (1) authority; prestige nniina (pron.) for him/her manawa (1) heart; mind; breath manene (7) stranger mano (7) thousand; any number ‘manu (1) bird gmuware (ad) stupid; foolish manuhiti (1) guest; visitor mao (adj.) fine (weather) mingai (7) mouth mingere (adj.) lazy smangu (ad).) black maoa (adj.) cooked infori (ad).) usual marae (1) courtyard; meeting place marama (adj.) plain; clear; light (of visibility) marama (1.) month, moon imrena (v.t.) marry ‘marino (adj.) calm indrire (adj.) quiet (adv.) gently; carefully maroke (adj.) dry ata (n) eye; face; edge matakitaki (v.t.) watch mataku (adj.) afraid miitao (adj.) cold mataara (adj.) watchful; awake rmatau (adj.) right (hand) matau (v.t.) know mate (adj.) sick; dead (ui, suffer; die matekai (7) hunger matenga (7) death; sickness matewai (7) thirst mitotoru (adj.) thick matou (pron,) we matua (adv.) frst matua (7) parent mau (v.t.) carry; take; bring mau (sing. pron.) for you miiua (pron.) we two maui (adj.) left (hand) ‘maunga (n) mountain large ‘mea (pron.) so and so (,) to say meike (adv.) soon mehemea (conj.) if ‘metemea (con.) as it were; as if meneti (1) minute miraka (17) milk mo (prep.) for ‘moana (11) sea mohio (1:/.) know; understand moku (pron,) for me mona (pron) for hitn her ‘moni (v7) money ‘mdu (sing. pron.) for you ‘mua (/1.) the front ‘muri (/v7.) behinds the rear part mutu (part,) finished; left off N ni (ad}.) satisfied, contented nahea (Jn) (past) what time? niku (prom) belong to me nama (».1,) borrow nna (pron.) belonging to him/her nanahi (/,/.) yesterday nnapd (Jun) last night nau (sing. pron.) belonging to you nai (ad.) in due course nei (adv.) now; here near me neke (v.f.) move noa (adj.) free; common (ads.) common; without inhibi- tion nihea (adv,) whence nohiniho (adj.) small nnoho (v..) sit: live; stay; remain ndku (pron.) belonging to me nga (pron.) belonging to him/her nidu (sing. pron.) belonging to you nui (adj,) large; abundant; great NG nga (pl. art.) the ngahere (n) forest ngikau (1) heart; seat of affections ngako (n.) fat 7ngaro (adj,) lost; out of sight; ‘absent ngiiwari (adj.) gentle; easy; flexible ngenge (adj.) weary; tired ngoikore (adj.) weak o 8 (poss. pron. pl.) your 0 (prep.) of coho (vj.) awaken okioki (v.i.) rest ‘ku (pron. pl.) my oma (»..) run na (pl. pron.) his/her ‘onge (adj,) scarce ‘ope (n) group of people ora (adj.) alive; well ‘oranga (x) life; living ‘ta (2) order oti (ad.) but otiia (con.) but (on the other hand) tira (conj.) but (at the same time) a (pl, pron.) your ‘owou (7) few P pa (1) fortified village a (v.t.) shut; close ppamu (ji) farm pahaki (J) near distance pahure (»./,) pass by pai (adj,) good, beautiful (ady.) well (v.t) approve pakakal (adj.) brown pakaru (adj.) broken (9.1) break into pieces Pakeha (n) European paki (adj.) fine (of weather) pakitara (n) house wall paku (adj.) small amu (7) farm pana (1) push pango (adj.) black papa (m) father parakuihi (2) breakfast para (n) bread, flour paru (n) dirt 18 Va = paruparu (adj) dirty; muddy; un- clean tai (n) question ki (v.t.) question piltata (adj.) near patu (y.r.) kill; strike pau (pari) consumed; finished pea (adv) perhaps pehea (ady.) how? of what kind? peka (vi.) turn aside pénii (adv.) like that (by you) pénei (adj. like this pepa (1) paper wr (ad).) like that (over yonder) pia (x) beer piki (2) climb pirau (adj.) rotten pirangi (i) requirement; wish (v..) wish, want pito (n) end pi (n) night pahshé (adj.) mistaken pokaihaka (adj.) confused poke (ad) dirty popd (v.t:) crowd parangi (adj.) scatty; mad porotaka (adj.) round oto (adi.) short pouaka (1) box pounamu (ni) greenstone poupou (adj) steep; upright pour (adj) gloomy; sad; distressed puaotanga (n) dawn puare (adj.) open pithoi (ad) slow pukapuka (n) book; letter puke (7) hill puiku (1) stomach pukurini (adj.) surly; annoyed pupari (v.t.) hold; retain purei (v.i.) play puta (».i.) appear; come out putiputi (n) flower R va (n) day; sun 1 (prep.) by way of rahi (adj.) large; great ikaw (1) wood; stick; tree rama (n) lamp; electric (orch nei (conj.) or rangatira (1) chief; person of rank rangi (n) day; heaven; song; tune apa; rapu (v.t.) seek; look for raro (l.1,) bottom (a) trouble pron.) they awa (adv.) very reira (/71.) thal place (which was previously mentioned) reo (1) Voice; sound, language reta (1) letter ringaringa (n) arm; hand rite (adj.) equal; ready; like ritenga (n) manner; likeness roa (adj) long; tall roimata (1) tear rongo (v.t.) hear; feel répii (n) company; erowd; group roto (Lin. inside roto (1) lake; pool rua (adj.) two (x) hole; den; pit ruke (v.t.) throw away rrunga (Ln) top ta (9.4) breathe tae (v..) arrive; achieve; reach tah (n) side tahaki (I1n.) aside; the shore tahi (adv.) together tahu (v.t.) set on fire, light tahuri (v..) turn around; turn over; upset tai (n) sea; tide taihoa (adv.) by and by (7) tine of the day (by the Jock) (aimaka (adj.) heavy taitama (x) youth (aitua (n.) far side (of something solid) taka (v./.) fall off takai (y.t.) wrap takare (adj.) eager; impatient takaro (v./,) play take (7) cause; reason takiwa (x) space; interval; period of time takoto (v./.) lie down takoto kau (adj.) empty taku (pron.) my” tama (n) son tamaine (1) daughter tamaiti (x) child tamariki (7) children (adi) young (persons) tana (pron.) his/her tne (7) husband; human male tngata (x), men, people tangi (v./.) weep tango (v.£.) takes receive tao (v.t.) cook tone (2) town taonga (1) riches; property tapa (1) edge tapawhit (adj.) square tapoko (v.t.) enter tapu (adj,) holy, probil taratara (adj.) rough farau (1) trousers tari (a) office, Government Department taringa (7) ear ‘aringa (n) period of waiting tata (adj) near tatau (7) door {tou (pron.) we tatii (ad).) contented tau (sing. pron.) your tau (n) year tua (pron.) we two taua (art.) that (previously men- tioned) tauhou (7) stranger taumaha (adj.) heavy tahiti (adj) distant (la) distance te (art,) the (sing.) ‘@hea (pron.) which? tedtnd (pron) that (by you) (pron.) this tera (pron.) that (over there) tere (ad}.) swift; fast tétahi (pron,) one; a (indef. art.) {t8tahi atu ( prom.) another tiaki (».1.) keep; protect ihi (n) summit; top ka (ad)j.) correct; just; straight tikanga (1) meaning; correct way; custom tiketike (adj.) high tiki (y.1,) fetch tiki (1) greenstone figure timata (v..) begin tinana (x) body titiro (v.i.) look; open the eyes to (sing) your toe (v.i,) remain toenga (1) remainder tohungs (n) person skilled in any art tohutohu (y.) advise tBku (sing. pron.) my tomo (v.t.) enter tna (pron. sing.) his/her tono (v.t.) send; ask for tonu (adv.) forward; just at; still toratoru (2) few tii (n) sort #8 (0.2) stand tua (in) other side tuara (7) back tuhituhi (».1.) write tuku (y.1,) let go; allow; send tiipato (adj.) caréful tipeke (v./.) leap tupuna (n) ancestor; grandparent ture (7) law turituri (adj.) noisy tutuki (y./.) be finished ‘iituru (adj,) fixed; permanent tuwha (v.f,) distribute ‘iwhera (adj.) open u (part) fixed; firm vuaua (adj.) difficult; hard; tough 20 ubi (v1) cover ui (v.t,) ask; question uutanga (7) load tutu (».t.) pay; pay for; answer (n) price; reply; ‘revenge; re- ward; return for anything wa (7) time, place waenga; waenganui (J.1.) middle waewae (11) foot; leg waha (1) mouth wii (7) place; portion wahine (2) woman; wife waho (I.n.) outside wai (n) water wai (inter, pron.) who? waiata (v.t,) (1) sing; song waiho (».i) let be; leave alone waka (n) canoe; vehicle wareware ().t.) forget wiiriu (1) value \wiitea (adj.) unoccupied; free wawe (ady,) soon; at once; in time: wera (adj.) hot (n) heat wiki (n) week whaea (n) mother; aunt whai (v.t.) follow whaiti (adj.) narrow whakaae (v.t.) agree to (v.i.) consent whakaako (v.t.) teach whakaara (v.1.) arouse; awaken whakaatu (v.1.) show whakahaere (¥.t.) conduct; manage whakahoki (y.f.) answer; cause {0 return whakamanawanui (v.i.) be patient whakamatau (v.1.) try whakamau (».t.) fix whakamine (y..) assemble whakamutu (v.t.) cease; leave off whakanui (».t.) enlarge, celebrate whakangaro (v.t.) destroy whakaoti (v.0.) complete whakapono (».1.) believe whakarere (ady,) suddenly whakarite (v.1,) perform; compare whakarongo (?.1.) listen whakatata (v.f.) approach whakatika (y./.) arise; stand up whakauaua (adj.) difficult Whanaunga (n) relative whanui (adj.) wide whingai (v.1.) feed whare (n) house whati (part.) broken whwhai (ad) impatient whavhati (v.1.) break whea (hea) (interrog. pron.) where? when? Whenua () land whero (adj.) red whiriwhiri (».1.) choose whiwhi (v.t.) obtainhe; tetahi about (approximately) tata ki above (prep.) kei runga accept (») whakaaetia accident (1) aitua; mate ache (i) mamae achieve (y) tae; whakatae acquire (») whiwhi action (1) m: add (v.t.) api address (7) kaings address (») whaikorero admire (9) miharo adult (7) koeke; pakeke advance (») haere advice (1) kupu afar (7) i tawhiti affect (¥) pangia affirm (9) whaka-ae afraid (adj.) mataku afraid (to be) (v.i.) mataku after (prep.) mui afternoon (7) ahiahi afterwards (ad again (ady.) and age (1) tau; pakeke agony (i) mamae agree (y) whaka-ae agreeable (adj.) ahuareka ahead (adv.) i mua alas (int.) au alike (to be) (v) whakahust alive (adj.) ora all (adj.) katoa allow (») tulku almost (adv.) wahi iti alone (adv,) anake also (adv.) hoki alter (») (position) korure although (adv.) ahakoa 2 NGLISH TO MAORI altogether (ad) tahi always (ady.) tonu amidst (prep.) i waenganui among (prep.) kei roto i; i roto i amuse (y) whakatékaro amusement (7) mahi whakangahau aneestor (1) tupuna ancient (ad).) tawhito and (conj.) a3 ma; me anger (n) titi angry (to be) (») riti animal (ni) kararehe annoy (9) whakatoi another (adj.) tetahi atu answer (¥) whakahoki anus (7) kumu anxious (adj.) awangawanga anxiety (7) manukanuka any (adj.) tetahi; étahi apart (ady.) tabaki ‘appear (9) puta appear (v) (Seem) (to be) nia appearance (1) abua appetite (i) matekai apple (7) aporo appliance (n) taputapu apply (v) whakapatai appoint (v) whakarite approach (») whakatata approve () whakapai argue (1) totohe arise (v) maranga arm (7) ringa around (prep.) ki (tabi taha arouse () whakaoho arrange (9) whakarite arrival (11) whakaekeeke arrive (») tae as (con. as far as (to be) tae rawa ki ascend (¥) piki ascent (1) pikitanga ashamed (to be) (v) whakama ashore (to be) (v) Kei ula ashore (adv) uta aside (adv.) ki tahaki ask (beg for) (v) inoi ask (a question) (v) patai (ki) asleep (to be) (v) moe assemble (») hui assemblage (1) hui assembled (be) (») emi assist (9) Awhina associate with (v) whakahoa at (prep.) (of future) a; hei at (place) hei; i; ket; ki attain (v) tae attempt (») whakamatau attend (1) whakarongo (ki) attractive (adj.) atdahua avenue (or street) (1) huarahi awake (») oho awaken (9.1) whakaoho away (ady.) atu awful (adj.) wehi B baby (1) tamaiti hachelor (2) taitama back (ady,) ki muri back (1) tuara bad (adj) piro; kino bag (1) péke bake (») tunu balance (x) (quantity) toenga bald (adj.) pakira (n) poro bandage (1) (¥) takai bank (1) (for money) peke bank (2) (of soil) taha banter (v) whakangako bare (adj.) moremore bargain (v) hoko base (n) pitake basin (n) peihana bask (v) (in sun ete.) inaina basket (1) kete bath (n) (natural) waiariki bathe (v) kaukaut bay (n) kokorutanga beach (x) one bear (1) (trouble) manawanui bear (») (fruit) hua bear (») (carry) kawe~ beard (7) pahau beat (¥) (in, of rain) hawhe beat (») taupatupatu beaten (adj.) pit beautiful (adj,) ataahua because (conj.) no te mea; hoki beckon (v) powhiri bed (») moenga bedroom (») rtima moe heer (0) pia begin (») timata beginning (n) timatanga behind (prep.) i muri i believe (») whakapono belonging to (vb/. sb.) a; nd below (prep.) ki raro i benzine (1) penehini beside (prep.) i teitaha besides (prep.) hdunga best (ad) tino pai better (adj.) pai atu between (prep.) ki waenganui bible (») paipera big (adj) nui, rahi bill (x) (commerce) kaute billiards (7) piriota bird (1) manu biscuit (n) pihikete bit (7) (portion) maramara black (ad).) manga blanket (7) paraikece bleed (1) toto bless (9) whakapai block (7) (of land) poraka blood (7) toto blossom (7) pua blue (adj) pura boast (v) whakaputa 23boat (1) waka body (1) tinana bold (adj.) toa book (7) pukapuka boot (n) patu border (1) (land) rohe border (12) (cloth) remu born (») (to be) whanau bosom (7) uma boss (1) pahi bottle (n) patara, pounamu bottom (x) raro boundary (1) raina bowl (n) kumete box (n) pouaka boy (7) taitama branch (1) manga rand (x) parani bread (n) pardoa ; break (») (into pieces) tati, wahi breakfast (1) parakuihi breath (1?) manawa breathe (y) whakaeaea breeze (7) hau bridge (1) piriti bright (adj.) (shining) kanapu bright (adj.) (clever) mirere bring (1) mauria broad (adj.) whanui broken (adj.) pakaru brown (adj.) pardone build () hanga builder (n) kaihanga bundle (x) paihere burn (») ngiba bus (7) pahi bush (n) ngahere busy (adj) raru butcher (7) patia butter (1) pata button (1) patene buy (¥) hoko buyer (1) kaihoko a cake (7) keke calculate (») tatau 24 ee =—_—EEE calendar (1) maramataka calico (1) kareko call (») karanga calm (adj.) marino camera (1) kamera capable (adj.) kakama car (n) motoka vcard (7) kari careful (adj.) tapato careless (adj.) Koretake carpet (1) kapeti carry (») kawe cart (n) kata carve (») whakairo case (n) kehi cat (n) ngeru; poti atch (¥) hopu ‘cause (v) mea cease (y) mutu cemetery (1) urupai centre (7) waenganui cent (7.) hen certificate (x) tiwhikete chair (n) tiru change (9) whakaputa ké chant (n) (v) waiata chatter (v) (n) kOrerorero (rero) cheerful (adj.) ngahau chief (n) ariki cchild (7) tamaiti children (1) tamariki chocolate (n) tiakarete choose (v) whiriwhiri church (1) clap (v) pakipaki clean (adj.) ma eleanse (») horoi clear (adj.) Uitea clear (9) tabi clearing (1) (in bush) waerenga clever (adj.) marere climb (») piki clock (n) karaka close (adj.) tata close (») kopi clothe (») kakahu clothing (1) kakahu cloud (1) kapua cloudy (adj.) Kongo clumsy (adj.) pakihawa coast (1) takutai coat (7) Koti cold (ad).) makar cold (7) tarutawhi come (¥) (hither) haere mai companion (n) hoa compare (v) whakarite complain (») amuamu comprehend (») mohio concert (n) konohete ‘conclusion (ending) (7) mutunga conduct (») rahi consent (v) whakaae consider (y) whakaaro constable (1) pirthimana consume (») whakapau converse (») kOrerorero cook (9) tao cook (7) kuki cool (ad) hauhaw cost () utu corner (7) kokonga country (n) whenua court (1) (law) Koti creased (adj.) kopakopa crossroad (n) ara ripeka crowd (9) inaki crowd (n) huihuinga cup (n) Kapu custom (n) tikanga D daily (adj.) i ténei ra, i tenei ra dam (n) matatara dance (n) (y) haka dark (adj) puri dayn (7) atapo day (n) ra; rangi; a0 daylight (2) awatea dead (adj.) mate dear (expensive) (ad).) utu nui debt (@) nama deliver (9) whakaora demand (») tono depart (v) hacre atu descend (») heke deseribe (») whakaatu i te ahua desire (v) wawata desire (n) hia detain (¥) pupuri die (¥) mate difficult (adj.) uaua direct (indicate) (v) tohutohu direct (adj.) tika dirt (1) para discomfort (1) hahi discover (9) kite discuss (v) whiriwhiri dish (n) rihi do (v) mea, mahi doctor (ri) takuta dollar (n.) tara donation (n) koha door (7) kuaha dress (1) (9) kaka drive (») (a car ete.) taraiwa dust (1) puehu well (») noho Selling (n) whare ear (n) taringa early (ad).) moata earth (1) 20 east (7) rawhiti eat (9) kai emigrate (v) heke end (7) (Ginishing) mutunga ended (adj.) mutu end (1) (of a thing) pito England (n) Ingarangi Englishman (1) Ingarihi ‘enough (ad.) heoi; ka nui enquire (¥) ui enter (9) tomo entertain (1) whakangahau entertainment (7) mahi whakangahau entrance (n) tomokanga erect (») whakatt 25establish (1) whakanoho evening (v) ahiahi ever (adv.) tonut every (adj.) katoa example (1) tauira excellent (ad.) rawe explain (») whakamarama explore (0) toro exposed (ad),) puare eye (n) kanohi, karu, what. F face (1) mata factory (n) wheketere fair (colouring) (v7) kiritea fair (climate) (m) paki fall (») hinga family (n) whanau farm (n) pamu fast (adj.) (of speed) tere fat (adj.) momona father (n) papa fatigued (ad).) ngenge feast (n) hakari fed (») whangal feet (9) (with hands) whawha feel (y) (mentally) rongo female (animal) (1) uwha female (human) (1) wahine fetch (») tiki field (n) mara find () kite fine (adj.) (climate) paki ish (use up) (») whakapau finished (adj) (used up) pau fish (») (angling) ht fish (n) ike fix (9) whakapai fiat (adj.) papatahi flower (0) putiputi fly (y) rere: 7 follow (9) aru, whai food (n) kai foot (n) wacwae football (n) hutuporo foreigner (1) Pakeha; tauiwi forest (n) ngahere forget (v) wareware France (1) Wiwi French (man) (woman) Wi free (adj.) wittea fresh (adj.) (of fruit) kaimata friend (1) hoa front (n) mua fruit (7) hua full (to be) (») (also acl.) ki further (adv.) ki ko atu G gale (1) awha garden (n) mara garment (1) kakahu gasoline (1) penehini gate (7) keti gateway (7) kawaha gather (») (people) huihui generous (ad).) atawhai gentle (adj,) marire genuine (adj.) tupu Germany (n) Tiamana sift (2) koha le (1) whitiki irl (1) kotiro sive (t0; away) (v) homai; hoatu lad (adj.) hari glass (n) karahe g0 (9) here atu god (n) atua old (adj.) (n) koura gone (to be) (9) riro gone (finished) (adj.) pau good (adj.) pai goods (1) taonga got (0) riro (part,) grasp (9) tango grass (n) karaihe great (ad) nui greedy (adj.) kaihoro green (colouring) (adj.) kakariki green (fruit) (n) ota greenstone (7) potihamu greet (») mihi ‘ie (n) pouri ‘round (7) whenua grumble (v) amuamu guard (+) tiaki guest (1) manuhiti guide (1) kaidrahi guide (») arahi H habit (n) ritenga hair (of body) huruhurw hair (of head) makawe half (7) hawhe halfeaste (7) hawhe kache hale (») ti hand (7) ringaringa ‘handful (n) kapunga ‘handle (») whawha happen (») tpono hard (adj.) miro harm (n) kino hasten (») hohoro haat (n) potae hhaul (y) kume head (7) matenga headache (7) anini heal (») whakaora healed (ad).) ora health (7) ora hhear (v) rongo hheat (7) wera heaven (11) rangi heavy (ad.) taimaha height (2) tiketike help (+) awhina () ngaro high (adj, tiketike Bill (x) puke hold () pup holiday (7) hararei holy (adj) tapu home (7) kainga hospital (7) hohipera host (1) (in a house ete.) tangata whenua hot (adj.) (temperature) wera; kaka hot (ad) (to palate) pahahana hotel (r) hotéra hour (7) hdora 2| ccs cerca house (1) whare how (ad'.) pewhea hhungey (adj.) hunger (1) mate kai; hiakai hurry (») porangi hurt (v) ngaut hhurt (to be) (v) whara Inusband (77) tane I L (oneself) (pron.) ahau; au icecream (12) aihikirimi idle (ad).) mangere ill, to be (¥) mate immediately (ad) dianei tonu impatient (ad).) porangi important (ad).) nui neh (1) inihi increase (») nui haere India (x) Inia industrious (adj.) mamahi influenza (1?) rewharewha inform (0) whakaatu inhabit (¥) noho injure; be injured () takino injury’ (n) tikinotanga fink (1) mangumangu {inland (1) uta inquire (0) patai ide (adv.) roto insolent ad.) toro inspect (v) mitakitaki inspector (7) kaitirotiro instruct (y) ako insult (¥) kanga intelligent (adj.) mohio fercourse (sexual) (») mahimahi interest (money) (n) itarete interior (adj) roto interior (inland) (7) uta interpret (») whakamaori interpreter (1) kaiwhakam@ori interrupt (v) aruaru intoxicated (adj.) haurangi Irish (adj) (x) Aitibi iron (n) rino island (7) motu 28 1 jail (1) whare herehere jersey (i) poraka join (v) hono journey (v) haerenga jump (1) peke K keep (0) tiaki keepsake (n) manatunga kind (he) (v) (adj.) atawhai kiss (7) 0”) Kit kitchen (2) kihini kneel (1) (Cur now (») méhio knowledge (vi) matauranga L labour (7) (¥) mahi lady (1) wahine rangatira lake (7) roto Jamp (1) rama land (7) whenua Jand (») tau language (1) 1e0 large (adj.) nui last (v) piws last (1) (of things) toenga late (adj.) tomuri late (to be) (») akuaku Jaugh (») kata law (1) ture lazy (adj.) mangere ead (») arahi leader (1) Kaidrahi Teaf (n) rau lean (v) wharara Hearn (v) ako learner (7) akonga leather (n) rera eave; be left (v) waiho leg (1) waewae legend (n) korero tupuna length (7) roa let go (v) tuku let (lease) (9) rihi letter (7) reta licence (n) raihana lie down (») takoto life (n) light (visibility) (ad).) marama light (weight) (adj.) mama light (¥) tabu light (7) raiti like (ad).) rite like (») ahuareka likeness (n) ahua likewise (ad) hoki liquid (7) wai listen (») whakarongo little (adj.) iti live (9) noho ook (at) () titiro (ki) Jook (») (search) rapu lost (adj.) ngaro love (ad).) (9) aroha lucky (adj.) waimarie lunch (x) tina machine (t) mihini mad (adj.) porangi mail (n) méra ‘mainland (7) tuawhenua male (n) (human) tne ‘man (n) tangata manage (be able) (9) tae ‘manner (1) ritenga many (adj.) tini, maha map (1) mapi marry (9) marena ‘mate (n) hoa me (pron,) ahau meaning (n) tikanga ‘measure (») tatai medicine (1) rongoa meet (») tlitaki meeting (7) hui mend (») tapi merchandise (9) taonga merry (adj.) koa message (n) kupu messenger (n) Karere method (7) tikanga middle (adj.) waenganui migrate (1); migration(n) heke mild (adj.) mahaki mile (n) maero milk (7) miraka mine (pron,) naku; noku minute (7) meneti mirror (1) mira fortune (7) ailud mist (1) kohu moist (adj.) makiku money (n) moni moon (1) marama moonlight (7) atarau morsel (n) maramara mother (n) whaea, mama motor ear (1) motoka mountain (7) maunga mouth (7) waha move (about) (1) korikori moye (away) (v) hoatu move (ina certain direction) (») neke much (ad).) nui my (prom) taku naked (adj.) pakiwhara name (1) ingoa name (v) tapa nation (1) iwi near (adj.) tata nevertheless (adv.) ahakoa new (adj.) hou news (1) korero (0 te wa) nice (adj.) reka night (n) po no (adv,) kahore noise (1) turituri nose (7) ihu not yet kahore and now (adv,) aianei nuisance (n) taitahae number (7) nama numerous (adj.) tini smurse (7) néhiobedient (adj.) ngawari obey (¥) rongo object (7) mea observe (») ttiro obtain (») whiwhi ‘occupation (7) mahi ocean (1) moana offence (7) hara office (n) tari ‘old (adj.) (things) tawhito ‘old (adj.) (people) koroheke only (adv.) anake open (ad) puare open (») huakina opinion (7) whakaaro opposite (adj.) anga orange (ad).) (7) arani order (y) whakahau order (put in) whakapai ‘out (ad.) (outside) waho over (prep.) ki runga i pack (n) kawenga pack (y) takai paddock (7) patiki paid (adj.) ea pain (7) mamae pair (n) pirua palatable (adj.) reka pale (adj.) ma pants (7) tarau paper (nm) pepa parent (v) matua part; portion (7) wahi participate (v) uru party (of people) (n) ropa pass by (v) pahure pass through (v) puta passage (n) ara past (x) pahi path (w) ara pause (¥) okioki pay (v); payment (7) utu peep (») titiro people (1) iwi 30 perceive (») kite perfect (adj.) pai rawa atu perhaps (adv.) pea permit (») tuk person (n) tangata photograph (n) whakaahua photograph (») tango whakaahua pienie (1) pikiniki place (n) wahi plan (n) tikanga play (v) purei pleasant (adj.) ahuareka plentiful (ad). tini point out (9) tuhi policeman (n) pirihimana poor (adj.) rawakore possess (1) whai possessions (7) taonga post office (7) poutépeta power (7) mana practice (7) ritenga pray (9) inoi prepare (y) takatti present (gift) (x) koha presently (adv.) akuanei pretty (adj.) &taahua price (n) utu proceed (9) haere proper (adj.) tika prove (») whakamatau purchase (») hoko mai purse (n) pabi quantity (1) nui quarrel (») pakanga quarter (1) koata question (9) ui (ki) patai quick (adj.) hohoro; tere quiet (adj.) marie races (horses) (ri) purei hdiho radio (n) waerehe; reo irirangi railway (n) rerewe rain (7) (9) ua raise (») hapai random (adj.) noarapid (adj.) tere rather (ady,) éngari read (») koreto pukapuka ready (adj) rite rear (n) muti reason (n) tikanga receive (0) tango recent (adj.) ho recently (ad.) inakuard recognise (») mohio red (adj,) whero refresh (») whakanga refreshment (1) ora refuse (y) whakakahore joice (0) hari religion (7) hahi remain (») noho remark (i) kupu remark (v) k6rero remedy (n) rongoa reply (») whakahoki request (») (2) inoi residence (rn) whare rest (9) okioki resting place (1) okiokinga return (v.t.) whakahoki ) hol rich (adj.) whai taonga right (adj.) (correct) tika right hand (n) ringa matau ripe (adj.) maoa road (7) huarahi Foom (7) rama rotten (ad).) pirau round (adj.) porotaka rum (») (7) (-er) oma rush (v) huaki Russia (n) Rithia sack (ri) peke sacred (adj.) tapu sad (adj.) pouri safe (adj.)3 safety (1) ora sale (n) hokohoko sand (7) onepti satisfied (adj.) makona saye (») whakaora 2 say (y) korero scare (1) whakawehi scent (1) tiare school (7) kura Scotsman (n) Kotimana seream (¥) tiwe sea (7) tai search (9) kimt season (1) Wa secret (ad).) puku seek (y) rap seize (v) hopu select (») whiriwhiri sell (») hoko send (¥) ngare settle () tata sew (9) tuitui shame (n) whakama she (pron.) ia ship (1) kaipuke shore (7) takutai short (adj.) poto shout (») karanga show (v) whakakite shut; be shut (») kati sick (adj.) mauiui sickness (n) mauiuitanga side (1) taha sight (») kite sight (n) kitenga sign (n) (») tohu silent, be (+) hangt silly (adj.) rorirori sin (n) hara sing (»); song (1) waiata single (adj.) tapatahi sit (%) noho size (n) nui skill (a); skilful (adj.) matau skim (n) kiri sky () rangi slap (v) papaki sleep (») moe slow (ad).) roa small (ad).) iti smell (») rongo smile (») menemene nga papiringa smoke (pipe ete.) (v) kai paipa smooth (adj.) maencen soak (¥) k6piro soap (1) hopi soft (adj.) ngawari solid adh) paeke som (1) tama soon (adi) aianei sore (adj) mamae speech (1) reo speech (1); oration (1) whaikorero speed (n) tere stand (9) ti start (v) (begin) timata starve (v) mate i te kai (lit: “die for food”) station (7) teihana stay (9) noho step (») (1) hiko stick (n) rakau stink (9) piro stomach (7) puku stop (v) (halt) ta stop (») (restrain) pupuri stop (v) (prevent) arai store (shop) (x) toa storm (a) tupuhi straight (adj) tika stranger (7) tauhou street (7) huarahi strength (n) kaha strike (») (hit) patu strive (v) tohe strong (aqj.) kaha subject (n) take suddenly (adv.) whakarere suit (7) hte suitable (adj.) rawe summer (7) raumati sun (nm) ra supper (7) hapa port (y) whakawhirinaki suppose (») whakaaro sure, be (») mohio tonu surprise (») (emotion) miharo sweet (adj.) reka (adj.) hohoro swim (9) kauhoe if table (n) tepu take (») tango talk (») (*) Korero ~ tall (ad).) teitei taste (2) (v) rongo tax (1) take taxi (2) taki teach (1) whakaaka teacher (n) mahita telegram (n) waea telephone (n) (v) whounu; ringi tell (») whakaatu tender (adj.) ngawari terrible (adj) mataku thank (1) whakapai thank you! ka pai! the nga therefore (conj.) koia these (pron.) énei thief (1) tahae in (adj.) rahirahi thing (n) mea think (») mahara thirst (7) (-y) (adj) biainu this (pron.) tenei thoroughly (adv,) mari those (pron.) (by you) éna (over there) &ra thought (n) mahara throw (») panga thus (adv.) pénei ticket (n) tikiti tide (n) tai tight (ad) kikt time (7) taima timid (adj.) wehi tired (ad).) ngenge together (adv.) ngatahi toll (») (7) mahi to (adv.) hoki torch (7) rama 33| ct Ea total (7) te katoa tourist (n) tiiruhi town (1) tdione track (n) ara tradition (n) hitori train (n) tereina translate (») whakamaori travel (v) takibaere traveller (1) tangata haere free (n) rakau tribe (n) iwi trouble (n) aitua trousers (ni) tarau truck (7) taraka true (adj.) pono trust (») whakapono truth (n) pono try (») whakamitau ‘tune (n) rangi turn (») taburi twice (adv.) tuarua U ugly (adj.) ahua kino uncertain (adj,) rangitua uncooked (adj.) ota under (prep,) kei raro understand (¥) matau unfortunate (ad).) aitua unless (conj.) ki te kore... ‘unpaid (adj.) tarewa unpalatable (adj.) kawa unsteady (adj,) tatutatu until (prep.) apanoa upon (prep.) ki runga ki upset, to be (») tahuri urge (0) akiaki use (v) tangotango Vv vacant (adj.) watea yalley (7) awaawa value (7) wari variable (adj.) haurokuroku very (adv.) tino view (n) tirohanga village (1) kainga violent (adj.) taikaha 4 visit (») whakatau visitor (7) manuhiri voice (1) reo wages (1) uiu waist (n) hope wait (9) tatari wake (vv,) vot) araz whakaaea walk (») haere-a-waewae wallet (1) pahi wander (1) kotiti haere want (y) plrangi warm (adj) (v) werawera; whaka- ‘werawera warrior (7) toa swash (9) horoi wateh (7) wati watch (») mataki water (1) (fresh) (salt) wai (maori) (tai) way (n) (path) ara ‘way (7) (manner) ritenga weak (adj.) (of things) ngoikore weak (adj) (mentally ete.) hauarea wealth (1) taonga weariness (1) ngenge wed (¥) marena week (1) wiki ‘weight (7) taimaha ‘well (adj.) ora west (n) hauduru wet (adj) (n) maki what? (interr.) aha? when? (interr.) ahea? when? (adv,) ana? there? (adv.) hea? hich? (pron,) tehea white (adj.) ma svho? (pron) wai’? whole (adj,) katoa whose? (pron.) na (nd) wai’? why? (ad.) he aha’? wicked (adj.) kino wide (adj.) whanui widow (1) pouaru wife (2) wahine wild (ad) maka will (m) wira wind (nm) hau jine (17) waina inter (7) makariri isdom (n) matauranga wish (n) (v) hiahia woman (#7) wahine vronder () miharo wonderful (d.) whakamtharo wood (n) rakau wool (2) wiru word (n) kupu work (72) mahi world (n) ao worry (v) maharahara vrorship () (a) karakia Wrap up (v) (akai write (v) tubituhi wrong (adj.) (1) he Y yard (7) (enclosure) marae yard (1) (distance) iari year (1) tau yellow (adj.) pungapenga yes (adv) ae yet (conj.) and yonder (ad.) ki ko you (pron) (sing.) (plural ) koe, korua, koutou youth (n) taitama zeal (1) uaua. zigzag (adj.) kopikopikoCONVERSATIONAL PHRASES al phrases which the visitor can We now give a number of conversation: wns, Although the basic sentences memorise and use on appropriate occasio find phirases are in the vicinity of 250 in number, with a little ingenuity this umber can be almost doubled by substituting words from the yocabulary for Key words in the sentences, Where substitution is feasible the word is Shown in italics in both the English and Maori versions of the sentence, For example: We are going back home. E hoki ana tatou ki te kainga Reference to the vocabulary will suggest substitutes for “home”. For cxample “pimu” (farm) can be used 50 that the sentence reads: hoki San tatou ki te pamu—we are going back to the farm. In some cases several alternatives are suggested. For example: Lam going home|to the toku kaingajte hotera|te can be written as: hoki ana ahau ki toku kainga (going home) or E hoki ana ahau ki te hotera (going to the hotel) or E hoki ana ahau ki te kainga 0 taku hoa (going to the house of my friend). In many eases the suggested substitution is the pronoun (I, she, he etc.) and here a word of caution is necessary to ensure that the correct form of the pronoun is used, Here are the principal forms of the Maori pronoun, Must be noted that unlike English (which has only a singular and plural form), Maori has three forms or numbers, ‘These are singular (one), dual (two people), plural (more than two). hoteljto my friend's house—E hoki ana ahau ki kainga 0 taku hoa, This means that the sentence Plural rarou (we, us—you and 1) ‘marou (we, us—they and I) ‘outou (you—all of you) Singular Dual hau or au (1, me) fava (we, us—you and 1) ‘maua (we, us—he and 1) Koe (you) Korua (you two) Ta the, she, him, —raua (they, them two) rafow (they, them, all of her) them) Read also the introductory remarks to the vocabulary on page I and you should know enough basic Maori grammar to start constructing sentences of your own around the models given in the following pages. : GREETINGS; PERSONAL HEALTH; THANKS; COURTESY PHRASES Hullo ((o one other person) Tend koe. {to two others) Tend Kérua. (to many) Tend koutou. How are you? (fo anejto two/to Kei te pehea koe/korua/kouou. many) Very well, thank you Ka nui te pai. Hello Kia ora.* What is your name? My name is Charles. ‘How old are you? Ko wai tou ingoa? Ko Taare taku ingoa. Ka hia ou tau? Who are your parents? Ko wai ou matua? were do you live? Kei whea tou kainga tuturu? Goodiye (tom the ove golg tote Enchors a person staying! (from the person staying to the Haere ra, vm in eine! 'm fine/goodjo.k. Kei te pai. How are they alll at home? Kei te pewhea nga tangata o te kainga? |__ They are well, Kei te pai katoa. What's wrong with you? He aha rou mate? __Ffeel ill. Ka nui taku hiahia ruaki I've a cold. He rewharewha toku. What tribe do you belong to? Will you avcept thi You're welcome to You are very kind. ‘Thank you for your kindness, He aha tou hapu? E pai ranei koe ki te tango i tenei? E pai ana; mauria. Ka nui to aroha, Ka whakapai ahau ki a koe mo tau excelent) pestis cellent! Pai rawa atu! What a pleasure. Katahi te koa, How nice. Ano te pai. __ _U'mglad. E koa ana ahau, I wish you luck. Kia ora koe. Tam very pleased with we I can’t help that. He's She's my friend (best friend!) Please sit down. Lam sorry (0 trouble you. E ahuareka ana ahau ki tena, E taea hoki a ahau te aha. Ko ia taku hoa (pai rawa atu), E noho ki raro. E pouri ana ahau mo taku whakara- ruraru ia koe, * (Fens koe isa more formal {few hos a more formal teting on st aqualntanee or Lo someone Tora ume tthe sort of aresting en sesonpaned by handshake Kora i ore [teeing to use to Your workmates whom You see each day, for example) 37EATING AND DRINKING ‘The meal is ready. ‘This food is good. T’m hungry. I'm thirsty. T can't eat. ‘We are very hungry. ‘What will you have to eat? Give me something to eat. Thave eaten enough. Eat quick stow. ‘The water is col Give me something to ‘sink, Let me have some beer, water. OF WORK AND What do you want done? What shall we do? ‘What do you want to do? What is there to be done? I don’t know what to do. ‘That'll do. ‘That’s enough for today. T-cannot do it now. What is he doing? (What does he do?) What are you doing? He is working. How is your work going. What are we going to do now? We are going back home. ‘What's he good for? He's lazy. She's lazy. 38 Kua reri nga kai, Ka pai te kai. E hia kai ana ahaw. E hia inu ana aha. E kore ahau ¢ kaha ki te kai Kei te hemo kai matou. He aha te kai e hiahia ana koe? Homai etahi kai maku, Kua makona ahau. Kia rere/roa te kai, Ka makariri te wa Homai eta inu maku. Homai he pia/wai maku. DOING THINGS He aha te mahi e mea nei kourow kia mahia? Me pewhea ra fafou? | He aha taue hiahia ana kia meatia? E taea koia te pewhea? Kahore i te kitea e au he tikanga maku. Kati rawa, Kati te mahi mo tenei ra. E kore e taea ¢ ahau inaianci, He aha tana mahi’? |e aha koe? Kei te mahi ia. / E pehea ana te mahi. E aha ana tatou inaianei? E hoki ana tatou ki re kainge He aha tona pai? He tangata mangere He wahine mangere COMING AND GOIN ; SEEKING DIRECTIONS Let’s go (the two of us) (more than two). Which way shall we go? Where are you going? T (you) will go. When are you going? Go straight ahead, ‘Turn right/teft. Tam going home|to the hotel/to my friend's house;to John’s house. Where shall we (more than two) go? Al last fe has gone. Don’t go. Go! Climb up here. Come here. Go back! ‘They went there. Go carefully, Where did you come from? Thave come from home. This is the second eime | have come here, Come with me. Thad better go. rou come back? Why are you going? Why should 7 202 You two go. Wait for me herejthere. You're too fast slow. ‘Hurry up! Are you going to walkgo by car? Is it far from here? Not far. Show me the way please. Who showed you the way? Where is,........’s house? Me haere tahi (taua) (tatou). Me (chea huarahi rafou haere ai? E aha ana koutou kohea? Ka haere ahau (koe). A whea koe haere ai’? Haere tika tonu atu, Me peka ki to ringa matay/maui E hoki ana ahau ki roku kainga/te hroterajte kainga 0 taku hoa/te whare 0 Hoani. Me aha tatou ki hea? Katahi 1a ka riro. Kaua e haere, Haere atu! Piki mai, Haere mai. Hoki! Thaere ratou ki reira. Kia tupato te haere, Uhaere mai koe i hea haere mai ahau i toku kainga, Ko re rua tenei o aku haerenga mai Hoki mai i ahau. Me haere ahau. A hea koe hoki ai (remember “koe”=1 person). E haere ana koe ki te aha? Ka haere au hei aha. Haere korua. Tatari mai ki ahau i konei/kora, He tere/poturi rawa to haere. Kia hohoro! E haere ranei koe ma te waewae) ‘motoka? Kei mamao pea? Kahore i matara, Tena, whakaatu mai i te huarahi Na wai i whakaatu te rori, Kei hea te whare 0... a 39EXPRESSING Tam very happy. Tam gladjsad. What a shame, Twas wrong. V'm ashamed of you. I don’t like him, can’t stand him. ‘You amaze me. Lam surprised at that. Is it possible? How beautiful. ‘That's very pret i V'm delighted with } How awful. | I’m not surprised. ‘This/that doesn’t surprise me. ‘You don’t surprise me. You're wrong. ‘Why are you angry laughing? i ‘My heart is broken. Lam very sorry about this/that, i) ‘What a pity. How annoying. Tam tired of you/you area nuisance. EMOTIONS Ka nui te hari o toku ngakau. E koalpouri ana ahau. Kalahi te mea whakama. Lhe taku. E whakama ana ahau ki a koe. E kore ahau e pirangi ki a ia, Ka nui taku kino kia fa. Ka nui taku miharo ki a koe. E miharo ana ahau ki tena. He pono koia? Koia ana te ataahua. Ka nui te pai o tena. E ahuareka ana ahau ki tenei. Ka mau te wehi. Ka hore ahau © miharo aua, Kahore ahau e mibaro ki tenei/tena. Kahore ahau e miharo ki au, E he ana tau. Na te aha koe / iri au/i pukana al? Kua maru toku ngakau, Ka nui taku pouri mo fenei/tena. Aue, taikiri. Katahi te mea whakatal Kua hoha au ia koe. WEATHER It is hor outside. It is very cold. It is very hor today. It’s warm, How hot/dry/wet|cold it is, It will be fine/wet tomorrow. It is raining. Iti starting to rain. It’s fine. It’s going to rain, It’s only a shower. Tt'l soon be over. It’s pouring. ‘The weather looks bud/good. ‘What a lovely day. How is the weather outside? It is dreadfulfwondeiful weather. I’m wet through. ‘My hands are frozen. ‘The wind is cold/ warm, ‘The wind has fallen|dropped. If the rain stops we'll go. If it rains, 1’ stay. Ka wera a waho Ka nui te makariri. Ka nui te wera o te rangi nei He mahana. Ano, te nui o te weraweraimaroke ‘maku|makariri. Ka paki/maku apopo. Ka ua a runga. Kua timata te ua. He paki ano, Me ake ka ua. He ua noa iho. Meake ka mao. Ke te awha te ua. Ka kinojpai te ahua o te rangi Ka pai te rangi ataahua. Pewhea te ahua o te rangi a waho? He rangi kino|pai rawa tenci. ‘Kua maku rawa ahaw i te ua, Kei te huka toku ringaringa. E makaririjmahana ana te hau. Kua mate/huri te hau. Ki te mutu te wa, e haere ana tatou, Ki te ua, e noho ana au. ENQUIRIES Where does he live? Where do you live? Ts he married? Is she married? Whereis he/she? Where is... At work fhome/the horer etc. ‘Who showed you the way? What's happening? How ean that be? What is he asking about? May Task you . What is iz Kei whea (ona whare? Kei whea to whare’? He tangata moe wahine koi He wahine moe tangata koi Kei whea ia? Keiwheaa........2 Kei te mahi/kainga|hotera etc. ‘Na wai i whakaatu te rori kia koe? He aha te korero’? ‘Ma te aha a pena ai’? He aha tena ¢ ui mai nei? Me uiatu pea ahau kiakoe.....? He aha tena (this thing near you) tera (that thing over there), 41‘What is that used for? ‘What do you mean? ‘What's the matt ‘Who did ‘Where have you been? ‘What are you doing? ‘Where is it? ‘Who are you? (ane person/two ‘persons|more! Is that bad? Whom is this/that for? Which one is this/that? ‘What is the name of that place? ‘Where is the ........? It is not here. Who had that ........7 ‘What is the time? What is he doing? What do you want? Haye you a car? ‘Who lives there? How many (persons)? How many (things)? Are you there? What are you looking for? What do you want? Whatis yourjhis name? Do you know him/her? ‘Who say so? Why are you laughing? Why are you going to... aac? Why are you going? What time will you get here? Where are you going? 42 NQUIRIES (continued) He aha rena mea the object is in reasonable proximity to the person spaken to, Use “tera” if the object is a distance away.) He aha te tikanga o tau kupu? He aha tau? Na te aha? Na wai taua mahi? Thea koe ngaro ana’? He aha tau ¢ mea nei? Kei whea? Ko wai koe/korua/kouton. He kinolpai, koia, tena? Mo wai tenei|tena? Ko te hia reneijtera? Ko hea tera? Kei whea te. Kahore i konei. La wai tera He aha te taima’ Kei te aha ia? He aha mau? Kei a koe ano he motoka? Ko wai ra te tangata ¢ noho ana reira? Tokohia? Kia hia? Kei kona ranei koe’? He aha rau e kimi nei He aha tau e hiahia nei? Ko wai rou/tona ingoa? Kel te mohio koe kia ia? Eai ta wai? He aha tau ¢ kara? He aha koe c hare ai ki. E hare ana koe ki te aha? A hea koe ka (ae mai? Ko hea koe? 2 (Use “tena” if What is this (that—near you) (that —over there)? Where are... ‘What do you want? Where are you going? Lam going to Auckland, Where is your friend from. My friend is from Gisborne, What day is this? Today is Friday. What is the colour of ...... What is he/she (any activity.) Where is . He aha rene/ (tena) (tera)? Kei whea........ 2 He aha to pirangi? E haere ana koe ki hea’? E haere ana au ki Akarana, No hea to hoa? No Turanga taku hour Ko te aha tenei ra? Ko te Paraire tenei ra, He aha te kara o He pehea ia ki te NEGATIVES, AFFIRMATIVES AND SHORT REPLIES Yes. No. Very good/o.k. I don’t know. This and that. Never mind. don’t care, Be careful. It is true. 1 don’t believe it. Tam sure of it, You are right. ‘That's likely. T don’t doubt it. It isn’t certain, Nonsense! T doubt it. can't help it, ‘That'll do! It doesn’t matter. Ae. Kahore. Ka nui te pai. E kore ahau e mohio, Tenei me tena. Ava atu. Hei aha maku. Kia tupat He tika tonu, Ka hore ahau i te whakapono, ‘Ae, ki au he pono rawa tenei Ka tika tau. Ka he taku. Ka whakaae ahau, Kua rite, Koia ana, ‘Maku e mea. Taikiri! e kore. E kore e pena. Koia ano, tena e tika. Kahore e ruarua oku whakaaro, He raruraru ano. Nukarau! Ka whakateka ahau i tenei. Te taea hoki e ahau te pewhea, Kati rawal ‘Me aha, kia ahatia. ‘koe (to one person). 43SPEAKING, HEARID You speak to0 fast. Do not speak so fast, You speak well. Do you speak Maori? T speak it a litle. Please tell me. What did you say? T cannot tell you. Who told you that What do you mean? What are you saying? 1 do not understand you? T don"t understand Maori. J understand it well. I understand Maori better than Lean speak it. I don’t believe what you are saying. ‘Who said that? Listen to mefhim. 1 do not hear you. Spell this word. What is the Maori word for..... ‘Teach me. What do you call that this? I've good great bad sad news for you. iG AND L! He hohoro rawa to korero. Kia ata haere to korero. E tika ana to korero, E korero Maori ana koe? He itiitt noa tho taku mohio. Kia pai koe ki te ki mai ki ahaw, He aha to korero? E kore ahau e ahei te ki atu kia koe. Na wai tena korero? He aha te tikanga 0 tau kupu? He aha tau e kiimai mei? Kahore ahau € mohio ana ki to korero? Kahore ahau © mohio. Ka nui taku mohio, Ko te mohio ki te whakarongo © ‘mohio ana ahau, tena ko te Korero e kore e tino mohio. Ka whakateka ahau ki to korero. Na wai koia ena korero? Whakarongo mai ki a aw ia. Kahore ahau i te rongo ia koe, Whakapuakina mai o whakaaro? Ki mai kia au, Trongo ano koe ki tena? ‘Tataungia tenet kuptt He aha te kupu Maori mo Whakaakona ahau. He aha te ingoa o rena/renei mea? He korero /ui pai kino pouri taku. TELLING THE TIME in ancient times the Maoris had no clock and many will tell you with a grin that it is little change for the better to have one today. Telling the time in Maori appears complicated and many a young Maori gets over the problem when asked “He aha te taima?” (What is the time) by replying “Eight o'elock te taima!” (Eight o'clock is the time), Here however are a few notes on the correct method of telling the time in Maori. ‘Vocabulary hour haora minute meneti am, © te ata (in the morning) pm. © te po (in the night) past te pahitanga half past awhepahitanga quarter koata Usage One o'clock Te tahi o nga haora (the first of the hours) Ten o'clock ‘Te tekau o nga haora (the tenth of the hours) It is one o'clock Ko te tahi tenei 9 nga haora minutes past . eg. ten past seven Ete... miniti te paahitanga o te E te tekau miniti te paahitanga o te whitu =» miniti ki te. . ‘eau miniti ki te whitu ‘Te awhepahitanga o te wha Koata ki te ono Kua ono karaka ke te taima Kua sata ke te rua karaka minutes to « eg. ten to seven Half past four A quarter to six “The time is six o'clock already It is nearly 2 o'clock already Expressions of time daytime te awatea night time te po evening te ahiahi afternoon te ahiahi awatea day and night i te ao, i te po midday te poupoutanga o te ra midnight te waenganui po 45COUNTIN' To count in Maori you must use ka before the number: ka rua, ka wha, ka ono = two, four, six. To indicate a number of things use the following rules: For one of anything—use kotahi after the noun ‘eg. one house—he whare kotahi For two to nine of anything—use e between the noun and the number e.g. the two houses—nga whare ¢ rua For any number of anything above nine—use the number after the noun e.g. fourteen men—he tangata kotahi tekau ma wha | For the ordinal numbers (first, second etc.) prefix the number with fe (the) e.g. te tahi—the first ‘These are the Maori numerals. 1 Tahi or kotahi 2 Rua 4 Wha 6 Ono 8 Waru 9 twa 10 Tekau 11 Tekau ma tahi (ie, ten and 12 Tekau ma rua (ten and two), one), 20 Rua tekau (ie. two tens). 30 Toru tekau (three tens). Days of the Week 31 Toru tekau ma tahi (ie. three 32 Toru tekau ma rua Monday Mane Friday Paraire tens and one). Tuesday Turei Saturday Hatarei 100 Kotahi rau 200 Rua rau : Wednesday — Wenerei Sunday Ratapu 301 Toru rau ma tahi (ie, three 425 Wha rau e rua tekau ma rima Thursday alte 2 hundreds and one). (ie, four hundreds, two 41000. Kotahi mano tens and five). 1021 Kotahi mano e rua tekau ma 1001 Kotahi mano ma tahi Months of the Year January Hanuere July Hurae February Pepuere ‘August Akuhata March Mache September Hepetema April Aperira October Oketopa May M November Noema June Hune December Tihema Seasons of the Year Spring Koanga Autumn Ni igahuru Summer Raumati Winter Hotoke Points of the Compass North aro; raki East Rawhiti South Tonga West Hauauru; uru 47NGS PROVERBIAL AND POPULAR SAY OF THE MAORI The Maori has a gift of expressing himself pithily and proverbial and popular sayings are numerous. Here are just a few. DISCRETION IS THE BETTER PART OF VALOUR Ka karanga Taiha: "Kia apititutia! Kia whana te hingahinga nga tupapaku,”” Ka karanga Maero: “E kawhakina! Tetahi momo ki te kainga.” Literally: Taiha called our: “Charge! Let's fight at close quarters so that the ‘enemy will fall.” Maero called om: “Let's fly away so that we may procreate to populate our village.” ONE MAN’S FOOD IS ANOTHER MAN'S POISON He kai na te tangata, he kai titongi tongi kaki Literally: Another man’s food is food that mocks one’s own appetite. ‘A FRIEND IN NEED IS A FRIEND INDEED He rangatira he hoa matenga mou, kia kore koe a whakarerea. A chief will be a friend in bad times. He will never forsake you. ‘A RARE VISITOR He kotuku rerenga tahi. The rare white heron of a single flight AN ONLY CHILD Titi hua tahi. The single egg of a mutton bird. MANY HANDS MAKE LIGHT WORK Ma pango, ma whero, ka oti te mahi, Literally: By black and red the work is done. The black refers to the dirty slave and the red 10 the ochre with which chiefs bedaubed themselves in ancient times. At harvest time slave and chief worked alike in the cultivations to get the crop in. GETTING ONE’S TAIL BETWEEN ONE'S LEGS He whiore hume tenei tangata, Literally: This man is a dog with his tail between his legs. AS CUNNING AS A MAORI DOG Me te kiore haumiri kakaka. The early settlers were impressed with the cunning of the dogs in the Maor| villages and coined the above English expression. The Maori however took his simile from the rat creeping along the kakaka or lattice fence which protected the kumara plantations. 48 \ TWO FACED PERSON He pounamu kakano rua. 1 double grained piece of greenstone. THE EARLY BIRD CATCHES THE WORM E mua kaikai, muri tata kino. Early ones get the best, late ones get the spittle, GO TO HELL! Haere j a tuku noa ia heke noa, Mau ka oti atu, oti atu. ONCE BITTEN, TWICE SHY E hokihoki Kupe? Literally: “Did Kupe ever come back? A reference to Kupe's single vo} 10 New Zealand. : ls DEAD AS A DODO Mate a moa. Literally; Dead as the moa. The moa was a giant native bird which was extinct by the time European settlement began in New Zealand. KEEP YOUR TROUBLES AT HOME E moe i to tuahine, kia kino ¢ kino ana ki a koe ano. Marry your cousin so that if trouble comes you will keep it to yourself. A DEVIL ABROAD, A SAINT AT HOME He kuku ki te kainga, he kaka ki te haere, A pigeon at home, a parrot abroad. This refers to one who only coos when at home but who when away chatters like a parrot about everyone amd everything. MAKE HAY WHILST THE SUN SHINES Tiketike ngahuru, hakahaka raumati, High in autumn, low in summer, meaning that in autumn when the crops are ready food is plentiful whereas in summer's heat there is little to eat. A BIRD IN THE HAND IS WORTH TWO IN THE BUSH Kai mate whiwhia, maoa riro ke. The free translation is that if you eat your food uncooked you are certain of geuing it. If you wait until it fs cooked someone else might ger it! WHERE THERE’S LIFE THERE'S HOPE, Iti noa ana, he pito mata, Its only a morsel but at least it has not been cooked. WIDE OPEN SPACES Te taepaepatanga o te rangi. The place where the sky reaches to the horizon. LIKE TALKING TO THE BACK OF HIS HEAD Kei te korero mai ki tua o te hemihemi. DON'T COUNT YOUR CHICKENS BEFORE THEY'RE HATCHED Whati mai. Ka eke ki te paepae poto a Hou, ki te puna whakatoto riti. They were quick. They arrived at the very threshhold of Hou and then the Fountains of war gushed over, It means that early advantage is not a guarantee of final victory. PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE Mokonahatia te waha o te kuri nei ki te mokonaha, kei haere kei tahae. The dog is muzzled lest it should go and steal, 0PROVIDING FOR A RAINY DAY Tukua atu ki tua, ki nga rao te waru e. QUALITY NOT QUANTITY He iti ra, he iti mapihi pounamu. Legend tells how the Ngati Porou chief Hikitai flung a spear during a battle at an opposing chief Tamahae. Tamahae taunted Hikitai because he was small and the latter replied with the above words which, loosely translated, mean: "I may be small but I wm an ornament of greenstone.” Greenstone of course was a most prized jade to the olden Maori. A TROUBLE MAKER He kuri kai tawhao. ‘A dog who eats scraps. HAVING A STRING TO ONE’S BOW Ka mate whare tahi; ka ora whare rua, Loosely: A man with only one wife to work for him may starve. A man with two wives waxes fat. The second wife was unreliable for work on the cultiva- tions! TO SET ONE’S OWN HOUSE IN ORDER Matua whakapai i tou marae, ka whakapai ai i te marae o te tangata. ‘Set your own place in order before cleaning up another's. THIN SKINNED ‘Negati Paoa taringa rahirahi. : Negati Paoa of the thin ears. It implies that the tribe were sensitive to insult, ‘A SLIPPERY CUSTOMER Kua kaheko te tuna i roto i aku ringaringa. Like the eel which slips through the fingers. FIRM AS A ROCK Waiho i te toka tu moana, Let it be like a rock standing in the ocean. BE ON ONE’S GUARD ‘Tama tu tama ora, tama moe tama mate, He who stands lives, he who sleeps dies. WISHFUL THINKING He manako te koura i kore ai. Legend tells of the chief who took refuge in his village from an enemy. One of the enemy called: “There goes a fat meal for us.” In reply the Chief called back over the palisade the above proverb: “Wishing for the crayfish will not bring it!” BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER Kaore ¢ rikarika te tama a Tumataika e rere n i The parrots are flocking together. (Literally, “the children of Tumataika”. Tumataika was the original parrot.) SIZE IS NOT EVERYTHING Ahakoa he iti te matakahi, ka pakuru i a au te totara. Although the wedge is small it will shatter the totara tree, 50 SOME POPULAR PLACE NAM AND THEIR MEANINGS There are many difficulties in taking a dictionary and literally translating a place name from Maori to English, Often the name has been derived from local myth or legend, or some allusion topical at the time, and the word can ‘be an abbreviated reference to this incident. An example is Paeroa, “Pac” means a ridge of hills and “roa” is long, Hence it is generally thought that the place name is derived from the long range of hills which back this North Island town, In fact the derivation is quite different, “Pac” also means a transverse beam and by association, the backbone. “Paeroa™ referred to the long backbone of a legendary taniwha or dragon which inhabited a stream adjacent to the site of the present town, In other cases a place name has become corrupted over the years, thus Ruatoria should really be Rua—a—toria or “the kumara pit belonging to Toria”. Here are the generally accepted (but not always guaranteed accurate) translations of some well known place names. AOTEAROA — The Maori name for New Zealand, said to have been given to it by the early navigator Kupe. Interpretations differ but the most commonly accepted meaning is “land of the long white cloud.” Kupe is reported tw have seen New Zealand as a long cloud on the horizon and his wie called “He ao (a cloud)! He ao tea (white) roa (long).” HAURAKI — This is the great gulf East of Auckland but there are several other places of this name. “Hau” is wind and “raki" is north, KAPITI — This is the island off Wellington's “Golden Coast”. It is said to be short for Ko-te-waewae-kapiti-o-Tara-raua-ko-Rangitane or the place of the boundaries between Tara and Rangitane, KAWERAU — The scene of today’s huge paper mill derives its name from "kawe” (to carry) and “rau” (many)—thus many carriers. MANAWATU — The fertile Manawatu district, eighty miles north of Wellington was named after a legendary incident, A long forgotten husband Haunui was pursuing his wife for some equally forgotten reason when he came to the great river surging down through its gorge, He was so amazed that his heart stood still or in Maori “manawa-lu”. MANGAKINO — Mangakino in the heart of the North Island today is famous for its hydro electric dam. To the ancient Maori however the river was “manga” (stream) “kino” (bad). MANAKAU — In ancient times as now this harbour was noted for its “manu” (birds) “kau” (wading), 31MANGERE — Auckland's international jet airport terminal is inappro- priately the Maori equivalent of ” MOKOIA — When Hinemoa obeyed the sounds of Tutanekai’s flute and swam across the waters of Lake Rotorua to Mokoia Island she enshrined the name in Maori legend forever. However the name itself is derived from another incident in which a chief visiting the island was stabbed by a “ko” (or sharpened implement) over the eye through his “moko" or tattoo. The hame is a play on the two words. MURUPARA — The scene today of a great industry derived from the country’s forests, the ancient name means “to wipe off the mud”, NGAURUHOE — There are several versions of how this mountain was named. I rather like the story of how the great sorcerer Ngatoro-i-rangi threw his grandson Hoe into the flaming crater. Thus then, as today, the belching smoke from the crater was “nga” (the) “uru” (hairs) “hoe” (of Hoe). OHINEMUTU — When you peer at the boiling thermal pools on your visit to this part of Rotorua think of the maiden Hine-te-kakara who was murdered and thrown into one of those very pools. Her grief-stricken father called the place “o” (the place of) “hine” (the gir!) “mutu” (cut short). OTAGO — Mutilated by the early Pakeha, the name should be in Ngai Tahu dialect “Otakou” which means “o” (the place of) takou (red earth), OTAKI— Today this fertile area is called Wellington's market garden but the ancient Maori named it “o” (the place of) “taki” (to stick in) after a warrior named Hau stuck his koikoi or spear into the ground whilst he paused to rest. PAEKAKARIKI — “pac” (perch) kakariki (parakeets) thus—the place where parakeets perch, PAPAKURA — Any who have visited this town and district just south of ‘Auckland will need little imagination to realise how the Maoris derived the name of “papa” (flat) “Kura” (red) or the flat land of red earth. PONEKE — This is a transliteration of Port Nick which was the early settlers nickname for Port Nicholson, the port of Wellington. PUTARURU — Few visitors to, or inhabitants of, this small town in the middle of the North Island would agree with the literal meaning of the Maori name, It should be spelled Puta-a-ruru and means “puta” (hole) “a” (of) “ruru” (owl). RONGOTAI — Visitors stepping out of their aircraft at Rongotai, Welling- ton’s airport, should listen carefully. Over the noise of arriving and departing aircraft they might hear “rong” (sound) of the “tai” (sea), ROTOITI — This small lake adjacent to Rotorua is aptly named “ (lake) “iti” (little). ROTORUA — This was the second lake in the region to be discovered by an early Maori explorer Ihenga who naturally called it “roto” (lake) “rua” (two) or the second lake. RUAPEHU — The highest mountain in the North Island is still active and roto” is thus aptly called “rua” (hole) “pehu'” (to explode or make a loud noise). | 32 RUATORIA — This small town eighty miles north of Gisborne derives ame from an early incident which centred around “rua” (kumara pit) (belong to) “Toria” (a man’s name), TAIERI— The district just south of Dunedin has a misspelt name, It should be “Taiari” or the tide on the eleventh night of the moon, TARANAKI — This province famous for footballers and dairy cattle has a number of versions of how it received its Maori name, “Tara’* is a mountain peak and can refer to nothing but majestic Mt Egmont. “Naki could be ngaki” which means clear of vegetation. TAUPO — The largest lake in New Zealand has also a larger name, Taupo is really short for Taupo-nui-a-Tia, This means the great cloak of Tia, Tia ‘who discovered the lake slept beside it and likened the great flat lake to the cloak on which he slept. TAURANGA — This popular Bay of Plenty holiday resort has an appro- priate name meaning a sheltered anchorage. TE KUITI — The name of this small King Country town through which the express trains pass late at night is actually Te Kuititanga which means the narrowing in. This probably refers to the configuration of the Mangaokewa valley at this point ‘TE TAUMATA-OKIOKINGAWHAKATANGIHANGA-O-TE-KOAUAU- A-TAMATEA-POKAI-WHENUA — The longest place name in New Zealand, if not the world. The generally accepted but not strictly accurate translation is “The brow of the hill where Tamatea who sailed all around the land played his nose flute to his lady love.” TOKOROA — The name of this bustling go-ahead forestry town is simple to translate; “toko” is a pole and “roa” is long, The reason for the name however is obscure, TONGARIRO — The third of the three mountains clustered together on the North Is, volcanic plateau gets its name from an incident involving the famous wizard Ngatoro-i-rangi who discovered the region. Sitting on top of Tongariro which was then the highest of the peaks he almost froze to death and called upon the gods in Hawaiki, far to the North, for fire. His words to them were carried by the south wind, Hence “tonga” (south wind) “riro” (carried away). UREWERA — This wild forested area in the North Is, heartland is a derisive reference to an incident in which a chief rolled onto a fire as he slept and burnt his private parts! Thus “ure” (which Williams Dictionary delicately refers to as “*membrum virile”) and “wera” (burnt). WAIKAREMOANA — This beautiful lake int Uhe midst of the Urewera Country usually has its name translated as the sea of rippling waters. WAIOURU — This is now the largest military camp in New Zealand, It geis its name from a small stream “wai” (water) “ouru” (of the west). WAIOTAPU — This fascinating thermal area twenty miles south of Rotorua is aptly called “sacred waters”. WAIRAKEI — Geothermal steam gushes now from the deep bores of Wairakei. In more leisured days however the Maoris used its still pools as mirrors and christened it “wai” (water) “rakei” (adorning), 33WAITANGI — This is a name bestowed on a number of places in New Zealand, The best known of these is the spot close to Russell the first capital where the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between Maori and Pakeha. The name means “wai” (water) “tangi” (weeping or noisy). WAITEMATA — The translation of the name for Auckland's picturesque harbour is “Water like obsidian”, This might have referred to its smoothness or to its dark greenish black depths. WAITOMO — No one who has visited this fabulous area of caves will be surprised to learn that the name refers to water running underground through “tomo” or long shafts. WHAKAREWAREWA — This most famous of New Zealand’s thermal areas received its name from an incident in the past. [t means in part “the uprising of the war party” and refers to a party which assembled close to the geyser and did a war dance. WANGANUI— The correct spelling in Maori is “Whanganui” and refers to this West Coast seaport town’s “whanga” (harbour) “nui” (big). | MISCELLANEOUS Some common names and their Maori equivalents Abraham Aperchama Adam Atama Allan; Alan Arena; Arana (either) Albert Arapata Alexander Arekahanara Alfred Arapeti Andrew Anaru Ann Ani Arthur Ata Brownie Paraone ‘Carol; Carroll Kara Carter Katene Catherine Katarina; Dorothy Tarati Edward Eruera Eleanor Erena Elizabeth Irahapeti Emily Emero Francis Wherahiko; Paranihi George Hori Grey Kerei ‘Hanna(h) Hi ‘Harriett Harieta Harold Herewini; Harawira Henry Henare Jack(y) (ie) Haki James Hemi Jane Heni Jim(my) Himi Joan Hoana Jock Tioki; Tioko John Hoani; Hone Joseph Hohepa Kerry Keri Kelly Keri King Kingi Lana Rana Lena Terina; Rina Louis; Lewis Rewi Lucy Ruihi Mabel Mepara Margaret Makareta Mark Maka Martha Mata Mary Meri Mary Ann Meriana ‘Mason Meihana, ‘Matthew Mati. Maud Maora May Mei Michael Mikaere Morgan Mokena Nathan Netana Oliver; Olivier Oriwia Paddy Paratene Paul Paora Peter Pita; Arapeta Phillip Pisipi Polly Pare Queenie Kuini Reuben Reupena Robert Ropata; Rapata Ronald Renata Samuel Hamiora Sara Hera Selwyn Herewini Stephen Tipene Susan Huhana ‘Sydney Hi ‘Thomas Tamati Thompson Tamiahana Tony Toni Walker Waaka Walter Wara William Wiremu Wilson Wirihana 55New Zealand Currency New Zealand has decimal currency based on dollars (Maori—taara) and cents (Maori—heneti), Coins are one cent (1c), two cents (2c), five cents (Se) ten cents (10c), twenty cents (20c) and fifty cents (50c), There is also a one dollar ($1) coin but this coin was issued in limited quantities only for commemorative purposes, It does not circulate. The notes are one dollar ($1), two dollars ($2), five dollars ($5), ten dollars ($10), twenty dollars ($20) and fifty dollars ($50). Metric conversion New Zealand generally uses the metric system. For the benefit of visitors the following conversion table is given. Inches to centimetres multiply by 2.54 Centimetres to inches Multiply by 39 Yards to metres multiply by 92 Metres to yards multiply by 1.1 Miles to kilometres divide by 5; multiply by 8 Kilometres to miles Divide by 8; multiply by 5 Pounds (Ibs) to kilos. multiply by .45 Kilos to pounds Multiply by 2.2 Gallons to litres multiply by 4.54 Litres to gallons multiply by .22 ‘Temperature New Zealand uses centigrade . To convert to centigrade: Multiply by 9 then Divide by 5 then Add 32 Some peculiarities of local pronunciation Englishmen and Australians have fittle trouble understanding New Zealanders when they meet although the New Zealand accent is as distine- tive as any other. Australians tend to complain that Kiwis “whisper” and Britishers note the cockney-like twang which is becoming a disturbing feature of New Zealand speech, particularly amongst the less well educated ‘Americans usually fail to differentiate between the speech of New Zealanders and the English probably because the pronunciation of both features the same broad “A” sound, Thus “dance” is “darnee”; “grass” is “grarss” etc, 56 Some other aspects of the local language Although naturally there are some regional variations, by and large New Zealanders use the same slang and colloquialisms as do other English Speaking peoples. However Maori and Pakeha do use some words in a slightly different way than that to which Americans and other English speaking visitors are accustomed, A few common examples are given below. The list is by no means exhaustive. ‘All Black (n) member of New Zealand's top rugby football team. ‘Aussie (n) Australian, Backblocks (n) remote area. Bag (n) what Americans call “a sack”: Barrister (n) lawyer who appears in court. Bach (n) holiday home. Bird (n) girl. Biscuit (n) what Americans call “cookie’, Bloke (n) man. Bludger (n) someone who borrows but rarely returns the favour. Bonnet (n) hood of a car. Boot (n) trunk of a car. Boowai or Boo-eye (n) the outbacks, incorrect as in “up the boowai”: Booze (n) hard liquor. The place where it is sold is the Boozer, Pub or Hotel. Braces (n) suspenders. Bush (n) the forest. Caravan (n) trailer for living in. Cattle run (n) ranch for beef cattle. Chesed off (v) to be fed up or upset. Chemist shop (n) pharmacy. Choice (adj.) excellent. Cobber (n) An Australian term widely used in New Zealand to refer to one’ friend or mate. Cow Cocky (n) a dairy farmer. Cocky (n) any type of farmer, ‘Crook (n) (adj.) (v) As a noun it has the American connotation of a criminal. As an adjective it refers to anything which is unwell, poor, shoddily manufactured, To “feel crook” is to fee! sick but to be “put crook” is to “get a bum steer” or to be given misleading information, Dag (n) funny fellow. Dairy (n) shop selling milk, bread and groceries. Drapery (n) Shop which sells cotton, material, cloth etc. Dressing gown (n) bath robe. Dummy (n) Pacifier for a baby, stupid person. 37Flat (n) apartment. Footpath (n) sidewalk. Fortnight (n) two weeks. Freezing works (n) slaughter house Fridge (n) refrigerator. Frock (n) dress. Fruiterer (n) greengrocer. Get eracking (v) move. Good serew (n) good paycheck, good sex. Good sport (n) obliging person. Grizzle (v) complain. Hardcase (n) humorous and slightly off beat person. Holiday (n) vacation. Homestead (n) ranchhouse, farm house. Homeunit (n) duplex. House (n) bingo. Sack up (v) arrange. Joker (n) man. Sumper (n) sweater, Kerb (n) curb, Kiwi (n) New Zealander. Ladder (n) run in stocking. Left luggage (n) checked luggage. Letter box (n) mail box. Lift (n) elevator. Lorry (n) truck. Mate (n) friend as in “How are you Mate?” Milk bar (n) see Dairy. Nail varnish (7) nail polish ‘Napkin (7) diapers or nappies. Note () money bill. ‘Ocker (n) Australian. Off the hook (adj.) Ready-made or out of trouble. Old Boys/ Girls (n) high schoo! alumni, Outback (n) rural area. Paddock (n) field, meadow. Pavement (n) sidewalk. Perm (1) permanent hair wave. Petrol (1) gasoline, Pommie (n) Englishman. Post a letter (¥) mail a letter. Pram (n) perambulator, baby carriage Pub (n) bar, hotel. Publican (7) hotel manager or keeper. Quarter past quarter after the hour. Quarter to quarter before the hour, Queue (n) line of people waiting for something. Railway (n) railroad. Reel of cotton (n) spool of thread. Return ticket (1) round trip ticket. Returned soldier (n) war veteran. R.S.A. (n) Returned Services Association equivalent to the US Veterans of Foreign Wars. Ring up (v) call up. Rubber (n) eraser. Rub out (v) erase. Sack (v) (n) fired or a bag, ‘Scatty (n) unstable flippant person. Scrounge (v) obtain something for nothing Serviette (n) table napkin, Sheila (n) borrowed from Australia and meaning a woman, She’ right its O.K. Shop (n) store. Shot through (v) disappeared, gone away. Shout (v) buy drinks. Skite (v) boast. ‘Smoko (n) coffee break. Solicitor (n) non-court lawyer. Spell (n) rest period. Sport (n) friend as in “How are you sport?” Stalls (n) seats on the bottom floor of a theatre, Stand for election (v) run for office, Station (7) ranch. Stiff cheese (n) a sarcastic term for unlucky. Stockyard (n) corral. Suspenders (7) garters. ‘Sweets (n) dessert or candy. ‘Tarmac (n) airport parking area for aircraft. Tem (v) rain heavily. Telephone box (n) telephone booth. ‘Too right yes indeed. Toll call long distance call. ‘Town house (n) condominium. ‘Tramp (v) hike. Varsity (n) university, college to a Kiwi is high school. 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MAORI GAMES ~ Maori language (8040) MAORI SAYINGS AND PROVERBS — (8094) MAORI PEOPLE ~ Essay and pictures (8037) .. MOANA ~ Early New Zealand (8030). MUSIC OF THE MAORI (8034) NEATH THE MANTLE OF RANG! (8036) NZ TREES AND FERNS - Hardback (8072) SURFRIDING IN NEW ZEALAND ~ 3rd Editior UNIQUE NEW ZEALAND (8003) . .Glen Pownall WITCH AT THE WELLINGTON LIBRARY (8066) . Maxine Schur ‘Avalebe rom Ving Sevonsoas NZ id, P.O. Box 152, Paraparaumu NZ.