Me meu corcin Rro Stupies IN Packep BED Reactor To plot the RTD curve fora packed bed reactor, using a pulse input asa racer. 22 To determine the dispersion number (OL). 3. IntRopucTion: ‘Atal dfusion and dispersion of ud in packed beds are important for design and ‘operation of separation equipment and chemical reactors. The tracer technique, the ‘most widely used method for the study of axial dlspersion, Is usually used inthe farm of 1. Pulse input 2 Stepinput 3. cycle input 4. Random input 'n stimulus-response experimentation, we perturb the system using elther a pulse input of tracer or @ step input and then see how the system reacts or responds to this stimulus. The analysis of the response gives the desired information about the system. The concentration ime curve atthe vessel out i called the F-Curve when the input ‘signal is a step signal and is called C-curve when the input signalis a pulse signal THEoRY: ‘The exit age distribution function of fud leaving a vessel or RTD of fd ina vessel is called the E-CURVE. The normalized curve is such that ie In stimulus-response experimentation the system is perturbed and then observes how the system reacts or responds to this stimulus. The analysis ofthe response gives the esired information. A pulse tracer input signal coud be used asa stimulus. rover Pat Lmtd Amie fro TUES WPRCKEO BED REACTOR KC Expres Pt ‘opens 190let is called the C- ignal at the vessel out time cure for puse 89 Te cent 2 grado ase ‘CURVE. Considering stead —— 8) -The mean age ofthe et stream or mean residence time Is —— @ ———- (4) ‘When a trace injected into a packed bed at a location more than two or tree particle ameters downstream from the enrance and measured some distance upstream from the ex, the system is analogous to an open-open systen. For such @ system where there is no e'scontinulty in type of flow atthe point of tracer injection or at the point of ‘racer measurement, the variance fr open system is a} =Jredt-r «Seen ® © —— 7 Models are useful for representing low in real vessels, for scale up, and for diagnosing ‘oor flow. We have diferent kind of models depending on whether flow is close to plug, ‘iced, of somewhere in between, For small deviations from plug flow dispersion model is used, Suppose an ideal pulse of tracer is introduced into the fuid entering a vessel ‘The pulse spreads as it passes through the vessel, and to characterize the spreading this model, we assume diffusion lke process superimposed on plug flow. We call this, some enon ti Ope een pn (2) imensionless group characterizing the spread inthe whele vessel For open vessel: Hj KC Engones Ute Atle rosneesw mon to rescos= ° mea Sheen 39 the above equation we get ———-) ———10) c “ Exit age cstibution at ime @ Earxe, ——— 112) Pict a graph between 8 vs. Ea Description: ‘The setup consists of a glass column packed with rasching rings and one feed tank: Water is fd tothe reactor through quid distibuter, fitted at the bottom of the column, Rotameter is provided to measure the flow o water. The flow rate can be adjusted by a ‘operating the needle valve provided on rolameter. A special arrangement is provided to Inject tracer at the lower end of reactor, wing @ syringe. Samples can be taken Periodically from the top outlet of reactor. Pressure regulator & pressure gauge are fited inthe compressed ai line. Unumes Require 6:1 Compressed air suply @ 0.25 CFM at1 Bar. 82 Water supply (rita 63. Flooretain required 64 Floor Area Required : 1.0m x1.0m 65 Laboratory glassware required | Burette (50 mi) 01 No, |e erpmers cites An ‘RTD STUDIES IN PACKED BED REACTOR | ‘ope et er 9othe. ical flask (250) ons 01 No. syringe 0 easing ender 250° ceils 200ml NO NSOH 1 oncatted HeSOu ‘00m prenbthaein inate Few crops ° = RMENTAL PROCEDURE: TTA Sranrne PRoceDUre: 7.44. Close allthe valves Via 742 Open the valve V-Vs and fil the feed tank wth water. 7.4 Close the vale VrVe 7.44 Conect compressed air supply to the set up at valve Vs, 7.48. Connect electic supply tothe set up 746 Open valve V; and set air pressure 0.7 to 1 kgfem* by pressure regulator and pressure gauge. 7.1.7 Start the supply of water tothe reactor at particular flow rate with the help of needle vale Vz of rotameter. 7.18 FHINIO sodium hysroxide in bret 7.49 Flt concentrated H:S0, (10 ml or 20m) inthe syringe. 71.10 Place te syinge atthe tracer inlet 7.1.11 Wait the water comes out rom the outlet 7.142 Push the syringe into the system 7.4.13 At regular time intervals (Say 30 sec for high water flow rate, 1 min for low Water flow rate), collect 20 ml sample fram the outlet, in measuring oylnder.7.4.14 Transfer the sample solution in conical flask 7.1.16 Titrate the sample solution, using phenolptthalein as an indicator against 'N/40 sodium hydroxide (add NaOH rom burt) 7.1.16 Repeat the experiment for diferent flow retes (before changing the flow rate, drain the reactor fist), 722 Cosine Proceoure: 7.2.41. When experiment is over stop the flow of water by close the valve Vz 7.2.2 Drain the feed tank and reactor by open the valveVs-Ve §. Opservation & CALCULATION: "B44 Dara: ‘eng volume area" Vk ‘Volume ofeamieVs 8.2. OsservaTion TABLE: a: 8.3 CaLcuLaTions: VN, N= (geal) Ny = Ne (molet) : ) 48 (min ALE ft in) 1s nPAQHEDEED REACTOR [RTD STUDIES IN PACKED BED TnTaste: 1 (min) | Gi(motnit) | 4c, te, At (min) Cat re | ae, | yFo, t ont E,=1xE, Catcutation Taste: 2 Plot a graph between 0 vs. EyNoMENCLATURE: : - Nom Column Heading units | Type ©,_| Concentration of H.S0, in sample ‘male | aeuated Dispersion number ——| eae vit age istibuton atime =| Caleta E_ | Bitage dstibuion atte 6 =| ateiated | Normally of NaOH used for tration geqt | Gen N_| Normally of FSO, sample soliton geqt | Calculated Time min | Measured ‘Vi | Wolume of NaOH used or tration mi | Measured Ve | Walume of sample Toa Given Ve _ | Wolumetie tow rate TPH | Measured Va | Working volume ofreator tt Given =| Experimental mean residence time min | Caleulated =| Theoretical mean residence time min | Caeulated @ | Reducedtine 7) Galeatated [ey | Varianes atime >| Catetated | Variance atte t vin? | Calculated ‘at _| Average tne ference min | Caleulated + Symbols are unitless 10. Precaution & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS: 40.4 Always use distiled water, good quality chemicals and standard soltion for tiation, 402 Keep close all the drain valves Vs-Vs and vent valve Vs should be open wile filing water in the feed tanks. 103 Air pressure must be set below 1 kg/cm. 10.4 Flow should net be disturbed during the experiments 10.5 Handle the chemicals carefully.Enjoetng row Coven SHOOTING: ny type of suspended particles is come in the rotameter, remove the smeter clean the tube and fitit at its place. there is any leakage tight that part or fix that again after wrapping teflon tape. If rotameter fluctuating more than average tight the control knob properly NCES: Levenspiel, Octave (2001), Chemical Reacton Enginooring. 3% Ed. NY: John Wiley & Sons. pp 283-294, 299-301, 305. Fogler H. Scoot (2008). Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering. 4" Ed, ND: Prentice-Hall of India Pvt, Ltd. p 869,