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    R. K. MALIK’S JEE (MAIN & ADV.), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, IX & X NEWTON CLASSES Enjoys unparalleled reputation for est results in terms of percentage selection www.newtonclasses.net CHAPTER ~8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES 8.1. To find the trigonometrical ratios of an angle of 2A in terms of those of the angle A. Ifin the formulae of Art. 7.1, we put B= A, we have sin 2A = sin A.cos A+ cos A sin A=2sin A.cos A, 0s A cos A-sin A sin A= 2cos*A-sin*A. ‘1—sintA)-sin® A -2sin’A, Also, 08" A - (1—cos* A) = 2 cos* A~1; tanA+tanA__2tanA ‘T-tanAtanA ~ 1-tan?A Now the formulae of Art, 7.1 are true for all values of A and B; hence any formulae derived from them are true for all values of the angles. In particular the above formulae are true for all values of A. and tan 2A = ‘An independent geometrical proof of the formulae of the preceding article may be given for values of A which are less than a right angle. Let QCP be the angle 2A. With centre C and radius CP describe a circle, and let QC meet it again in O. Join OP and PQ, and draw PN perpendicular to 0. p By Geometry, ZQOP = ; ZQCP=A, (AN and ZNPQ = ZQOP=A oe op Hence sing = NP _2NP_) NB_)NP OF CP 2cq 0Q OP’ 0Q =2sin NOP cos POQ, since OPQ isa right angle. =2sinAcos A; Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2682623, 9635608812, 8507613968 NEWTONCLASSES.NET R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES conan = ON , 20N _ (00+ C)-(00-6M) 0Q = ON-NQ_ON OP NQ PQ =“oq OP 0Q~ PQ’ OQ = cost A~ sin? A; NP_ 2NP 2 oN GN © ON=NQ © 1_NQ PN PN'ON 2tanA i-tan’A ‘To find the values of sin 15°and cos 15° Solution, Let the angle 2A be 30°, so that A is 15°. Let the radius CP be 2a, so that we have CN = 2a cos 30° =a 3, and NP = 2a sin 30° = Hence ON =0C+CN=a (2+), and NQ = CQ-CN =a(2- 3), OP? = ON.CQ =a (2+ J) x 4a, so that, OP =ay3 (J +0, and PQ? = QN.QO =a (2~ J3) x 4a, so that PQ =a (Y -1). PQ _ (V5 3-1 oq 4 2? oP _E\rs) ae 0Q 4 22 To find the trigonometrical functions of 3A in terms of those of A. By Art. 7.1, putting B equal to 2A, we have sin 8A = sin (A+ 2A) sin A cos 2A + cos A sin 24 sin 3A = sin A(1~2sin*A) + cos A. 2sin Acos A, jin A (1-2 sin®A) + 2 sin A (1—sin*A). sin A-4sin*A cos 3A = cos (A +2A) = cos A cos 2A ~ sin A sin 2A =cos A (2 cos*A~1)—sin A. 2sin Acos A Hence sin 15° = and cos 15° Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph. 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER -8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES = c08 A (2 cos! A— 1) ~2 c08 A (1 cos* A) Hence 0s 3A = 4 cos'A~3 cos A Also tan 3A =tan (A+ 2A) = 1anA+tandA T-tanA tan2A 2tanA _ tant an2A_ _ tanA(L- tan? A) +2tanA 1-tana,—2t2nA, (1- tan’ A)-2tan? A “I-tan?A 8 3tanA ~tan® A 8) 1-3tan® A, (The student may find it difficult to remember, and distinguish between, the formulae (1) and (2), which bear a general resemblance to one another, but have their signs in a different order. Ifin doubt, he may always verify his formula by testing if for a particular case, e.g. by putting A = 30° for formula (1), and by putting A = 0° for formula (2).] By a process similar to that of the previous article, the trigonometrical ratios of any higher multiples of @ may be expressed in terms of those of 8. The method is however long and tedious. In a later chapter better methods will be pointed out. Hence tan 3A = Let us Express cos 50in terms of cos 0. Solution, cos 59 = cos (30 + 26) = cos 38 cos 26 ~ sin 38 sin 20 = (4 cos? @ - 3 cos 6) (2 cos*@ ~ 1) ~ (8 sin 6 ~ 4 sin* 6). 2 sin @ cos 6 = (8 cos* 0 - 10 cos* 6 + 3 cos 8) —2.cos6 . sin? 6 (3-4 sin® 0) = (8 cos* 8 ~ 10 cos? 6 + 3 cos 9) ~ 2 cos 6 (1 - cos* 6) (4 cos* 0 — 1) = (8 cos* 6 ~ 10 cos" 0 +3 cos 6) ~2 cos 6 (5 cos? @ ~ 4 cost @ ~ 1) = 16 cos* 6 — 20 cos* 8 + 5 cos 0. SOLVED EXAMPLES 1, Find the value of sin 2a when 12 3 (@ cos a = 5, (ii) sina = 75, and (i = iii) tan a = 5 Solution, (i) 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES sin 2a =2 sina cos« 3 23e:— 2Oes 2tana sin2a = = 1+tan?a ( 1+ Find the value of cos 2a when 15 @ cosa = i’ Gi) sina = 4, ana ii) tan a =75- Verify by a graph and accurate measurement. Solution. (i) cos 2a = 2cos 2a~ Gi) b Iftan 0 = —, find the value of a cos 20+ b sin 20. l-tan’d 4 _2tand 1+tan?@ 1+tan?@ 1-8 /a? |, 2xb/a 1+? /a® 18? Ja? e ab Bab ? — ab? +2ab a +e ath ala? +b?) a+b Solution. a cos 20 +b sin 20= a Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER -8: TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES 1+ sind To prope Sts o tan A eee T+ c0s2A. Solution. l+sin2A _ 2sinAcosA _ 2sinAcosA 1+cos2A — 1+cos*A-1 2cos*A =tanA sin 24 ieosaay _sin 2A __sinQA___2sinA cosA cos 2A ~ J—eos2A— 1-142sin?A = 2 sin Big. © 2sin?A =cotA i= cos 24 1+ cos2A Aneos2A _ 1+2sin?A-1 1+e0s2A ~—-1+2cos*A-1 =tan?A To prove =tan?A Solution. To prove tan A+ cot A =2 cosec 2A sinA , cosA _ sin* A + cos?A Solution. tan A+cot A = S00 = cosA sinA sinAcosA sin 2A =2eosec 2A tan A cot A =-2 cot 2A _ cos A _ sin’A~cos*A sind _sinAcosA = r(eos*=sin?A) __ 2cos2A. sinAcosA 2sinA cosA = -2e0s 24 sin 2A =-2cot 24 Toprove —_cosec 2A + cot 2A = cot A 1 _ cos2A _ 1+ 082A sin2A sin2A sin A = 1+2c0s’A -1 _ cosA 2sinAcosA sinA scot A tan Acot Solution. cosec 2A + cot 2A 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 2 B cos A + cos B ~ cos (A + B) ctan 4 cor 2 1 10. Te opreve "T+ cosA ~cosB ~ cos( A+B) 2 1 - cosA + cosB ~ cos(A + B) LHS 1 + cosA —cosB — cos( A + B) Solution. 2A 1+2c0s* > asin sind +sin+( 2 2 A A ene [son 5 sin“ {2sin 2\ 11. To prove Solution. 1Ftan45°tan = tan{ 45°44 secBA-1 _ tan8A 12, Toprove ccd A~1 * tandA 1 Solution. LHS. = cos8A__ - _cosBA Sony Ly TecostX cos 4A cost _ (1=cos 8A) cos 4A _ (1-1+2 sin®4A) cos 4A (1=cos 4A) cos 8A (1-1+2sinA) cos BA (2sin 4A cos4A) sin 4A __ sin 8A sin 4A 2sin® 2A cos 8A cos 8A.2sin® 2A i 2A 2sin 2A 082A _ tan ga £8 2 sin? 2A sinQA tan 8A tan 2A PLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES BY SL LONEY = tan BA = tan BA cot 2A = 1-tan? (45°-A) 1+tan*(45°-A) 1-tan?(45°-A) 1 1+tan*(45°-A) 082 (45°-A) . 1 © c03(90°=2A) cosec 24 To prove = cosec 2A Solution. [ 0820 1-tan?o 1+tan*0 NOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MUL! mash cow if SOLUTIONS TO TRIG a-B atp 2sin2 =P egg in Eo ath a-p 2 in? eos FF sin sina +sinp sina sin AILE Solution, DE stan £44 oot & 2 R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES in? A-sin®B ‘secAlmiedle ph Goal Te To prove sin?A-sin*B . 2 sin?A -sin?B sinA-cosA~sinB-cosB ~ 2 sinA cosA—2 sinB cosB = Le¢0s 2A (1-08 2B) _ sin 2A -sin 2B sin 2A -sin 2B _ 2sin (A+B) sin (A~B) © cos (A+B)sin (A-B) = tan (A+B) Solution. tant +tand tant -tand i-tan2tand 1+tan™tano 4 4 _litang — 1-tané *T-tan@ ~ 1+tand _ +tan)-@_ tana)? ~ (1- tan? @) _ 4Atang _2x2tane 1-tan’@ in? 8 =2tan 20 cosA+sinA _ cosA-sinA cosA-sinA ~ cosA+sinA cosA+sinA _ cosA+sinA _ nA ~ cosA-sinA To prove =2tan 2A Solution _ (cosA +sinA)? - (cosA -sinA)* cos*A -sin?A _4sinAcosA _ 2sin2A cos 2A cos 2A 400s 2A T+ 2ein 2a cos(A + 15°) _ sin(A-15°) sin(A+15°)— cos(A-15°) _ 608(A +15°)cos(A - 15°) ~ sin(A +15°)sin(A ~ 15°) sin(A + 15°)oos(A - 15°) =2tan2A Toprove cot (A+15°)-tan (A-159 = Solution. (A + 15°) tan (A-15°) = ‘606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562629, 9836608012, 8607613968 NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: con (A 5) Boos 2A 1 Pisin 24 +sin 30°) sin 2A+> 4 cos 2A * 1[+2sin 2A sind +sin20 To prove 7 cosd + cos20 tan 6 sind +sin20 Bolaticn, 1+ cos0 + e0820 sind +2 sincosd 14086 +2cos” _ sin@(1+2c056) ~ e086 (1+2c0s8) Toprove Lisind—cosd _ 5,7, 1+s8in9+cosé in cos? on? 8 sesing eg _ 1 Bsing meg -1+ dain 1+sin0 +cos0 28 2 Solution. 14 2sin ? cos 9+ 2008 1 2a 9(ce 2sin8) 20s (sino +082) 2 2 tan ® stan $ sin (n+ I)A-sin (1 DA bs. = tan 3 To PRO oon NA+ 2 oumAveon (eo DA 1 cost +DAH ODM gn DA—(0— 1A Solution. LHS. = ——————2,____,___2____ Deosn + Reon DAE DA, @+DA-@-D 2sin® cos QeosAnsinA | 2 2 ~ ZeosAn(1+c0s A) a¢qg2 A =tan 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES ye Srobe sin (n+1) A+2 sin nA+sin (n-1)A ie A Dee cos(n—)A-cos(n+ A 2 Bsinnd + {asin ®@+DA DA os @DA-te DA} Solution, L.H.S, A 22 _ 2sinnA(l+eos a) 28 9 2sinnA sind 9 sin A gos ‘an 2 -cot® cot To prove sin (2n+1) Asin * Solution. sin @n +1) AsinA = 4 [0s Qn A+ A~A)—cos(2n A+ +A) 2 ; (cos 2n A-cos 2 (nA +A) = zu1-2 sin’ An~1+2sin*(A+nA)) = sin! (n+ 1) A-sint An. sin (A+9B) 4 sin (3B +B) «9 cos (A+B) sin 2A +sin 2B To prove 2 sin (2A + 2B) cos (BA) 2 sin (A +B)cos (A-B) _ 2sin (A+B) cos (A+B) ~ sin (A+B) = 2cos (A+B) Solution. LHS. = A To prove sin 3A + sin 2A—sin A= 4 sin A.cos “cos 2 Solution, sin 3A + sin 2A - sin A = sin 2A + sin 3A-sin A =2sinAcosA+2cos2AsinA =2sin AfoosSAcos4} , 3A A =4sin A cos —- cos Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: 26. Toprove tan 2A= (sec 2A +D) \(sec?A-1) Soluti 2 1 = Solution. (sec 2A +1) y(sec?A—1) = (x ae *) Va+tan?A-1) (Hes) tana = 1+2e0sA-1 | sinA cos 2A) cos 2A cos A _ 2e0s*A.sinA _ 2cosAsinA cos 2A.cos A cos 2A _ sin 2A cos 2A =tan 2A 27. To prove cos* 20+ 3 cos 20= 4 (cos 6- sin’ Solution. cos* 20 +3 .cos.20 =cos*20 + 3 cos 20 = cos 20 | cos? 20 +3) = cos 20 ( cos" + sin*0)* + 3} = c08 20 ((cos? 6 + sin® 8)* —4 sin’ cos? 6+ 3) = c0s 20 (1—4 sin®@ cos? + 3) = 4 {(cos* 0 — sin®O (1 - sin* 6 cos*0) = 4[ (cos*6 — sin*®) ((sin#0 + cos*0) 2 — sin® 6 cos*9}] = 4 { cos*0 — sin® 6) ((sin‘6 + cos*® + sin*O cos* 0) =4 (cos' 0 -sin* 9} To prove 1+ cos* 26= 2 (cos* 8+ sin‘ 0) Solution. 2 (cost 0 + sin‘ 0) = (cost 0 + sin‘0 + 2 cos*6 sin® 0) + ( cos‘ + sin‘ 0 - 2 cos? 0 sin? 0) = (cos? 6 + sin? 0 )* + ( cost + sin? 0)? 4 = 1+ cos*20 sec? A (1+ sec 2A)= 2 sec 2A 1 tees 2A) _ 1+2cos*A-1 sec? A(1+sec 2A) = ——— cos *A \ cos 2A cos*A cos2A. aan ~ cos 2A =2sec 2A To prove cosec A~2 cos'2A'cos A=2 sin A Solution. cosec A—2.cos 2A cos A= —1_ — 2cos2A sinA —sin2A x cos A 1 2cos2A — x cA sinA 2sinAcosA 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES cos 2A _ 1 ~ cos2A _ 1-1+2sin?A sinA =2sinA T(SPR Ew J lect 4 tan cotA= 5 (es 7 tan 4) To prove sin a sin (60°- a) sin (60° a) = 2 sin Sa. Solution. sin « sin (60° ~ a) sin (60° + a) =sing [cosa ~ cos 120] = sina[3(sos20-+3)] 4 {sina eos 20-+4 sing} [2 sina cos 2a + sina] ((sin 30 —sin a) + sin «) 2. 5 e & AI ele I le 38. Toprove cos acos (60° + a) cos (60°- a) = 5 cos 3a. Solution. cos «cos (60° + a) .cos (60° — a) = 5 cosa (cos 120° + cos 2a) = 5 cosa {evs2a-3} Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER - 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPL i cosa (4 cosa -3) 1 (4 cos*a -3c08a) 4 i = 7 008 3a. 34. Toprove cot a +cot (60° + a) cot (60°~a) = 3 cot Sa Solution. cot « + cot (60° + a) ~ cot (60° - a) cot 60°cota-1 cot 60°-cota +1 = cota + cot 60°+cota = cot. a cot 60" cota-1 cota +1 bo ote cota ¥ seta+ ee - eat aft fieabe » (cot a + ¥3)(1+ 13 cot a) - cota + V3 +V3 cota - 3cota. (1+¥8 cot a)(q/3 cota 1) = cota ~ ¥3 - YB .cot* a - Scot Scot? a-1 Beta Seot?-1 Scot’ a - 9cota =cobat PLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES BY SL LONEY =eota + cot a + Scot? a-1 (sss -Scota dae a-4 | =seotse NOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MUL! 1 35. Toprove cos 20°cos 40°cos 60° cos 80°= Solution, cos 20° .cos 40° .cos 60° .cos 80° cos 20° cos 40° eos 80° ; cos 20° (2 cos 40° cos 80°) AILED SOLUTIONS TO TRIG cos 20° ( cos 120° + cos 80°) DE 2 1 1 1 2 4 © cos 20° |-4 + c08 40° fos 20" |-5 1 3 = = cos 20° (2 cos 40° - 1) Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph. 0861-2662623, 9636608612, 8507613968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES [2 cos 40° cos 20° ~ cos 20°] 1 [cos 60° + cos 20° — cos 20°] = 5 cos 60, 1 8 1 8 A 16 i H i 3 36. To prove sin 20° sin 40° sin 60° sin 80° = 7 Solution. sin 20° .sin 40° .sin 60° .sin 80° = 23 gin 20° sin 40° sin 80° ea sin 20° ( 2 sin 40° sin 80°) v3 “P sin 20" (cos 40° — eos 120°) 1 sin 20° [2 cos 40° >] x sin 20° [2 cos 40° +1] [2.cos 40° sin 20° + sin 20°] [sin 60° — sin 20° + sin 20°] sin 60° 8 3 16 To prove cos 4a= 1-8 cos a+ 8 cost @ Solution. cos 4a = 2 cos*2a— 1 ((2 cos? a ~ 1") —1 [4 costa — 4 cos?a +1] -1 8 cos* a — 8 cos? a +2] -1 = 1-8 cos? a +8 cos! « To prove sin4a=4sina.cos'a-4 cosa sin’ a Solution. sin 4a = 2 sin 20. ¢08 2a = 2 (2 sin @ cos a ( cos* a — sin* a)} =4 sin a costa 4 cos a sin? & Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9896608612, 607619968 NEWTONCLASSES.NET PLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES BY SL LONEY NOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MUL! AILED SOLUTIONS TO TRIG DE CHAPTER - 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPL 39. To prove cos 6a= 32 cos‘ a-48 cos‘ a+ 18 cos! a-1 Solution. _cos 6x = 2 cos* 3a 1 =2(4 costa 3 cos.a)*—1 =2 (16 cos*a + 9 cos* a — 24 costa) ~ 1, = 52 cos* u + 18 cost a.~ 48 cost a 1. 40, Toprove tan 3A tan 2A tan A= tan SA-tan 2A-tanA tan 2A +tan A Solution, We know, tan 3A = tan(2A+A)= 7 Cross multiplying, we get tan 3A—tan A tan 2A tan 3A = tan 2A +tan A tan 3A~tan 2A~tan A=tan 3A. tan 2A. tan A 2eos2"0+1 al Thprgte Seay = (208 0-1) (2.c08 2 0-1) (2 cos 2 0-1)... (2 cos 2" 9-1) Solution. R.H.S. = (2.cos 6 ~ 1) (2 cos 20-1) (2.cos 2°6 - 1)... (2 cos. 2™* 6-1) _ 2eos6 +1)(2co86 -1)(2¢0s20 - 1)..... (20082""'0-1) . (@e0s0+1) _ (40s? 0=1)(2c08 20 - 1)(2c082"6 - 1).....(2¢082"""0-1) - (2cos8+1) = [2(c0s20 +1) -11(2cos 29 -1)(2c0s270 - 1).....(2c082""10 -1) PLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES BY SL LONEY (2c0s0+1) [ 2eost@ = 1+ cos 26] (2cos26 + 1)(2cos20- 1)(2c0s2*0 - 1) - (2c082""19-1) - (eos0+1) = (4e0s? 26 -1)(2c0s2*8 - 1)(2cos2""!'9-1) - (2cos6+1) [(2cos 40+ 1)- 1(2c0s2*0 - 1).....(2c082"'9-1) (2cos0 +1) (2c0s276 +1)(2c0s2*6— (2cos2""" (@eos8 +1) NOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MI Proceeding similarly, we get (2cos2""8+1}(2cos"" 8-1) _ 4cos?2"!9-1 (20080 +1) © cos +1) (2(e0s2"@+1)-1] © (e081) 2cos" +1 © 2c080+1 Submultiple angles. SOLUTIONS TO TRIG AILE DE Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph. 0861-2662623, 9636608612, 8507613968, NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 8.5 Since the relations of Art. 8.1 are true for all values of the angle A, they will be true if instead of A we substitute 4, A J and therefore if instead of 2A we put 2. i.e. A. Hence we have the relations AA sin A =2sin > cos > A A = cost sink cos A = cos*> — sin? > A A = Beast —1=1-2sin? > 2tan4 tan = 1-tan?= ant nN cos 2sin—cos— From(1),wealsohave sinA = —__2__2_ Dividing both numerator and denominator by cos* > , we get To express the trigonometrical ratios of the angle 4 in terms of cos A. From equation (2) of the previous article, we have A cos A =1=2sin? 5, A so that 2sint 5 =1-c0s A, and therefore Again, Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: so that 2eost A = 14008 A, and therefore Hence, In each of the preceding formulae it will be noted that there is an ambiguous sign. In any particular case the proper sign can be determined as the following examples will shew. pee Now sin nat is necessarily positive, so that the upper sign must be taken. r Hence sin 225 2: v2-v2 T+ cose 2+ ¥2 So eos 225 4 att y Also cos 225 is positive; therefore cos az = saeia & Given cos $80°= *, find the values of sin 765° and cos 165° Solution. The equation (1) gives sin 165° = 4 [2295387 _ 4-203 _ 2 8 3 axe B o = 4 [ltens3a0° a1 cos 165° = + —— f wd” 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES Now 165° lies between 90° and 180°, so that, its sine is positive and its cosine is negative. 8- B+1 1 Hence sin 165° = 9) 75>, and cos 165° =“ From the above examples it will be seen that, when the angle A and its eosine are given, A J may be determined without any ambiguity of sign. the ratios for the angle aw. A When, however, only cos Ais given, there is an ambiguity in finding sin > and cos ‘The explanation of this ambiguity is given in the next article. A To explain why there is ambiguity when cos “> and sin 4 are found from the value of cos A. ‘We know that, ifn be any integer, then cos A = cos (2nn + A) =k (say). A Hence any formula which gives us cos in terms of k should give us also the cosine of 2nntA 2 2nntA | (neg h Now cos “> =e05 ("#5 PLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES BY SL LONEY = cos, S tsin nx sin > > in nmcos — + sin ni cos nx cos & eos neo & 2 tec = =teos >, 2 according as n is even or odd NOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MUL! A . Similarly, any formula, giving us sin > in terms of k, should give us also the sine of ' A cease sin ® in nn.cos + 08 nx sin 5 A = tcos nn sin > 2 SOLUTIONS TO TRIG AILE DE A Henee, in each case, we should expect to obtain two values for cos 4 and sin and this is the number which the formulae of Art. 8.6 give. Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES. (The student may illustrate this article geometrically by drawing the angles aerk A ie, nn. The bounding line for these angles will have four positions, two inclined to A the positive direction of the initial line at angles and 5, and two inclined at 4 and A “ye the negative direction of the initial line, It will be clear from the figure that there A A are two values for cos z and two for sin 2 To express the trigonometrical ratios of the angle 4 in terms of sin A, From equation (1) of Art. 8.5, we have AA 2sin > cos-> =sin A Also sin? a + cos 4 = 1, always First adding these equations, and then subtracting (1) from (2), we have A AA A yA Gos = + com ea= 1 + ai Sint 5 +2 sin > cos > +eost 5 =1+sin A, int 9 sin scan eco Sedan: sint J —2sin > cos > + cost = 1-sin A; AL AY (sind scot) =1+sinA, AA and sin -c08 > =4 JinsinA By adding, and then subtracting, we have A 2sin-> = + Jitsind + J1-sind A and 2eos> = VivsinA = Vi-sinA A ‘The other ratios of yare then easily obtained. 8.10 In each of the formulae (5) and (6) there are two ambiguous signs, In the following exam- ples it is shewn how to determine the ambiguity in any particular case. 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 1 Given that sin 30°is >, find the values of sin 15°and cos 15°, [Solution. Putting A = 30°, we have from relations (3) and (4) sin 15° + cos 15° = + Jiygind0 = a 1 sin 16° ~eos 18° = 4 Ji=sind = 4 7g. Now sin 15° and cos 15° are both positive, and cos 15° is greater than sin 15°. Hence the expressions sin 15° + cos 15° and sin 15° — cos 16° are respectively positive and negative. Hence the above two relations should be sin 15° + cos 15° = + 4, 1 sin 15° cos 15° =- 75. B41 a2 sin 15° = aod and cos 15° = i Given that sin 570° is equal to - 2 find the values of sin 285° and cos 285° Solution. Putting A equal to 570°, we have 1 sin 285° + cos 286° = + Ji aind7P = + 75, and sin 285° — cos 285° = + /1—sinb7 = + £ Now sin 285° is negative, cos 285° is positive, and the former is numerically greater than the latter, as may be seen by a figure. Hence sin 285° + cos 285° is negative, and sin — cos 285° is also negative, sin 285° + cos 285° =~, and sin 285° - cos 285° =- 7, 341 oa” 8-1 and cos 285° = Hence sin 285° = — Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANG 8.11 To explain why there is ambiguity when sin 4 and cos 4 are found from the value of sin A. Solution. We know that, ifn be any integer, then sin (nx +(-1)*A) =sin A= k (say) (Art. 6.6) Hence any formula which gives us sin 4 in terms of k should give us also the sine of nn+(-D"A —_ First, let n be even and equal to 2m. Then sin CVA. sn (mn) 7 A A = sin mr cos 5 + ¢0s mx sin = 008 mx sin © eas mr sin A tsin® =tsin =, 2 according as m is even or odd. Secondly, let n be odd and equal to 2p + 1. Then sn BEECOA yg 202A PLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES BY SL LONEY -A = sin [pn 2 | n-A = sin pr cos —>~ + cos pr sin = 00s preos =eos pros 4 NOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MUL! according asp is even or odd. A Hence any formula which gives us sin >in terms of sin A should be expected to give us,. in addition, the values of A A A ~sin J, 08 5 and=cos >, ie. four values in all. This is the number of values which we get from the formulae of Art. 113, by giving all possible values to the ‘ambiguities. AILED SOLUTIONS TO TRIG Ina similar manner it may be shewn that when cos 4 is found from sin A, we should expect four values, DE Uf the angle rien 5 +0" 4, be drawn geometrically for the case when Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph. 0861-2662623, 9636608612, 8507613968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES A J i8 an acute angle, it will be found that there are four positions ofthe bounding line, two A A in the first quadrant inclined at angles “> and : ~ 1 the initial ine, and two in the third quadrant inclined at a and a - 4 to the negative direction of the initial line. It will be clear from the figure that we should then expect four values for sin 4 and four for cos A 4 Similarly for any other value ofl 8.12 In any general case we can shew how the ambiguities in relations (3) and (4) of Art. 8.9 may be found. A A 1 nhs cost Wehave, sin > +cos >=\2 (seri + Fpeoed) an cos™ +costsin™ 2 (mA of | sin Feost eos sing | = JB sin| 7+ |. ‘The right-hand member of this equation is positive A if Lt g le between 2nn and 2nn +n, A. x an ie if > lie between 2nn— 7 and 2nx + “P. Han cin 4/s cas 4 is positive ch lie between ann 7 and 2nn+ 5 itis negative otherwise. A An 24 A Similarly we can prove that, sin > ~cos > = J sin (2-4) 7 2 A Aur ‘Therefore sin > —cos > is positive ($- 3) lie between 2nn and 2nx +7, ie, if 4 tie between 2nn + % and ann + It is negative otherwise. ‘The results of this article are shewn graphically in the following figure. 2 in 4 4] con’ is + sin 4 cos inh laos in sin 8 cost OAis the initial line, and OP, OQ, OR and OS bisect the angles in the first, second, third and fourth quadrants respectively. Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONC CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: A ‘Numerical Example, With in what limite must > lie if A sin > =~ Ji+sinA ~ Vi-sinA Solution, In this case the formulae of Art. 8.9 must clearly be A sis sco 2 TGR 2 AA and sin J 008-5 =~ Jain 2) For the addition of these two formulae gives the given formula. From (1) it follows that the revolving line which bounds the angle Anus lie between OQ and OR or else between OR and OS. From (2) it follows that the revolving line must lie between OR and OS or else between OS and OP. Both thete conditions are satisfied only when the revolving line lies between OR and OS, and therefore the angle 4 lies between 3a ana — and 2a — 5 8.13 To express the trigonometrical ratios of 4 in terms of tan A. From equation (3) of Art. 8.5, we have 8.14 The ambiguous sign in equation (1) of the previous article can only be determined when we know something of the magnitude of A. Given tan 15°= 2 - ¥, find tan 7. Solution. Putting A = 15° we have, from = (1) of the previous article, tye 43-1 1; E se tan Je ) R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES Now tan 1 is positive, so that we must take the upper sign. 7® _ 46-V2)-1 2 2-3 = (Ye - 2 -D2+ J3)= 6-5 + 2-2 = (3 - 2) (JB -D. Since tan 15° = tan 195°, the equation which gives us tan a in terms of tan 15° may be expected to give us tan a in terms of tan 195°. In fact the value obtained from (1) by taking the negative sign before the radical is tan aS tan 2. 1_ -W6-V2)-1 2° 2-W3 2-8 =C 6+ 2 -D@+ 3) =- (3 + 42) (2 +0, so that 4 ~ (8 + VOV(J2 + D. Hence tan 8.15 To explain why there is ambiguity when tan 4 is found from the value of tan A. We know, by Art. 6.8, that, ifn be any integer tan (nx +A) = tan A =k (say). A Hence any equation which gives us tan > in terms of & may be expected to give us neta tan > also First, let n be even and equal to 2m. a 2mn+A A Then, tan” aA =tan tan (mme+4) A =tan>, as in Art. 6.6 Secondly, let n be odd and equal to 2p + 1. nnt+A thi (2p+Dat+A gy er nt+A =tan (prs 5 =tan Bt Then, tan =-cot 4 (Art. 5.3) A Hence the formula which gives us the value of tan > should be expected to give us also A the value of - cot 5 An illustration of this is seen in the example of the previous article. Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER - 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES. SOLVED EXAMPL 1. Ifsin o= 3 and sin ¢ = find the values of sin (0+) and sin (20 +26). [ yi Solution. 080 = Y(-sin?@ = (3 3 2 cos = y(1-sin®¢) = 1-3} pa sin (0 +4) =sin 0 cos $+ cos 0 sin ¢ sin 2(0 +) =2sin (0+9) cos(0+$) = 2sin (8 +4) (cos 0 cos — sin 6 sin ¢) _ 22 +3 (8.8 1 i) 6 32273 _ Biv (4-3) 3 3 6 oe WRES (26) 3 6 _ #8 14/2 ~ 18 The tangent of an angle is 2.4. Find its cosecant, the cosecant of half the angle, and the cosecant of the supplement of double the angle. Solution. Let the given angle be @ 12 tan0=2.4 == cot = 169 sy 20 =cot?0+1=(—| +1- cosec? 0 = cot? +1 ( ) 7 12 13 =i cosee = +35 sing = 212 mee *B 2sing = +V(+sind) + /(I-sind) 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES +3) 0-3) cos 6 cosec (180° - 28) =p 2a+f Ifcos a= 4 and sin p= 4 ; find the values of sin? SF and cos? +f the angles cand pbeing po: Solution. We know, cos = cos") = se aoe ean fG)) = M,3,80,4 _ 278 615 '61"5 305 asin? SP = 1-cos (a-p) 28 _ 82 305 ~ 305 Ga 1 "2 305 * cos (a+) = c08 o.c08 sin a sin § 11360 4_ 207 | 15 61°5 305 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: po+B . 2eos 1+cos(a +p) a 305 path 49 O82 = 305 3 4 Ifeos a= = and cos = =, find the value of cos “ =". the angles aand being positive acute angles. : ‘ay 4 Solution. sina = {(1—cos*a) = ye- “O ee sinB = (1-eos*p) = fi cos(a~f) = werner aoe 28) = 2 Gitentec 6 4, find tan 3 and tan @ Verify by a graph. 2 Solution. tan?9 = sect -1= (3) tan0 = + I-tan?0/2 _ 4 cos 0 = ae 1+tan?9/2 5 a 444 tant = +4 tan > 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES Ifcos A=.28, find the value of tan 4 and explain the resulting ambiguity. stan? A/2 1+tan? A/2 or 1.28 tan? =.72 Solution. cos A = or tant A Find the value of 1 Kare @ sin7S (i) cos? > (iii) tan32 4 and (iv) tant" iv Solution. @ sinT = sint® = l° 15° 1 15° cost sont = (Eset) 22 oe eB Va+J6+V3) 3 (iii) Weknow tan? Ss 2tan 3-1 =0 45° a tant - 2209 - ey 2 2 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: 45 2tan— (iv) tan ~— ia 1-tan?> (8 -Dan? $+ 2tan 4 (2-1) =0 tan’ = 24 VU4+4(241-2V2)) 2 22-1) -22fa8-82) [: tan 45" can not be v4] ¢ 22-1) 1+ (4-2v2) Po ~(/2 +1) + ya-22) 2 +1? W2- na +n (2 +1)+ 4 - 2123 + 2¥2) ~W2+1)+ 4 +242) Ifsin 0+ sin $= a. and cos 0+ cos $= b, find the value of tan Solution, sin6 + sing =a or cos 0 +cos¢=6 0 From equation (), asin tos O=¢ 2 Fromequation i), 2e08°*8oos°=* => ‘Squaring equations (iii) and (iv) and adding, we have From equation (v) we have, sin? —& Dividing equation (vi) by equation (v), we get 1-a?- 0? a +6 a) tant 828 2 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 9% Toprove (cos a+cos p+ (sin asin f= 4 cost =F Solution. (cos « + cos §)* + (sin « — sin )* Toprove (cos a+ cos f+ (sin a+ sin f)'=4 cos? a. Solution, (cos o +cos 6) + (sin a + sin = costa +cost +2 cosacos f sinéa +sin? +2 sina sin B = 242 (cos.a.cos P+ sina sin f)=2(1 + cos (a—B)] e327 7 B 2 eos: cos f+ (sin a—sin f)? = 4 sin? ae Solution, (cos a—cos B+ (sin « - sin p)* wew'{228) To prove Z 2sinA (2 2sinA 2 Solution. = cosh 2 cosA/2 14 SiN7A/2 — costA/2+sin®A/2 cos*A/2 cos"A/2 AA 2sin 5 cos > = sin Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: 2 18, Toprove cosA= 1=fan*A/2 | I1+tan? A/2 cos*A /2=sin?A /2 Solution. ee ee cos*A /2+sin?A/2 14. To prove see{ £0 see Solution. see{ + +8) sec lee =2sec20 c0s20 15. To prove ( (ers \ 4) ] secs tan A. 1-sinA Solution. (4s % } = tain («= +ta A tand5° + tan > 2 A 2 1-tan45°tan R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES (4) __ltsinA (= a) (2) festa = LsinA _ 16 Toprove sin (E+ x Solution. sin? & 4 «(F-a)- cos + 2sin® sind 4 = sina v2 17. Toprove cos’ a+cos* (a+ 1204 + cos’ (a- 1209 = z. Solution. cos? « + cos? (a + 120°) + cos* (a - 120°) = fit +cos2a-+1+ cosa +120°)+1+ esa 120") HUB e082 + costa + 240") +609(20 -240")] 48 +cos2a + 2eosu 05240") ale +00820 +2, (- 5s] 2i8+cos2n ~cos2a} 3 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: 3x Sete Sp tees |G teost x cast 18 To prove cost > +cos - te sand se RoE Solution. cos | + cost = + cost > + cost -¢ am ${Z_E) 4 cost oot Loeat (deo Rak ® cos* ~+sin‘ = +sin‘ += +cos* 8 8 8 19, Toprove sin‘ - +si Solution. sint © + sint 2 + sint & + sint & ‘olution, sin‘ © + sin‘ ; wa sa (§-¥) sam (G4) pte) nd x Lens = sin' > + cost = + cost — + sin — 8 8 8 8 ff = 2{ sint : +eos! 3) For Remaining part see above question 18. To prove cos 20cos 24+ sin’ (0 9) -sin* (0+ 9) = cos (20+ 2). Solution, cos 29 cos 26 + sin* (8-4) -sin’ (0 + 4) = cos 20 cos 2) + sin (0-$+0 +4) sin (0- 4-0-4) = cos 20 cos 26 + sin 20 sin (2-4) = cos 28 cos 24 — sin 29 sin 2 = cos (20424) 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 21, To prove (tan 4A + tan 2A) (1 - tan’ 3A tan? A) = 2 tan 3A sec! A Solution, (tan 4A + tan 2A) (1 -tan® 3A tan? A) = (sash 224) (1 tan 3A tan A)(1+ tan 8A tan A) cos4A cos2A _ (sin4Acos 2A +cosdAsin2A \(_ Sin3A | sinA 1_Sin3AsinA ) = eee AAsuDA | \*" eosBA “ens )(2” ens3AcosA) = (sin6A__[eos(GA+A) | cos(3A - A) cos4A cos2A }| cos3AcosA cosdAcosA _ ___sin6A cos4A cos2A cos4A cos2A(cos3A.cos A)? = 2sin 3A cos 3A cos* 8A.cos*A. 2tan 4A sect A in asec al2. fem = 1+tan’S + 2tan & - sect 4 = tan + 2 2 ae @ aye dein 08 sina cos= cos* cos? 2 ga 2 oa a = sin a see! 5 23, Find the proper signs to be applied to the radicals in the three following formulae. A A Zoos = +\(1-sin A) + (I~ sind), when 3 7278. A Solution. 2eos > = +V(I-sink) + +sind) A When + = 278°, then ¢0s278° = cos (360° - 82°) = cos 82° Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: and sin 278° = sin (360° - 82°) =—sin 82° cos 278° is +ve and sin 278 iv -ve but numerical value of sin 278 is greater than cos 278. cos & sin 4 sin 4 is we cos > ~sin > is+ve 2 2 cs 4 sin 4 = (avand) A A and cos > -sin > = +y(l-sinA) Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get A 20s > = +V(1-simA)- /(1+sinA) asin = 4\(1-sin A) + /(1+sin A), when 4 Solution. aein* = 2fGmsinA)+ {Trendy an 19" 19% ( #) Whei 19% then cos = cos{ 2x -=*| = cos 2% n Te then eos =c08[ 28-37) = eos and 19 191 ose is +ve and sin is -ve but numerical value of sin—~ is greater than that of 19x ek 1 19% rT fee [> w/> w/> g +00: ~V(1+sinA) es AA sin} +008 > =-ll-sin) Adding () and (ii), we get A 2sin > = -y(l+sinA) - (-sinA) 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES A 2. 2eos4 = s (A= sin A) + [(1+sin A), when > =-140% A A Solution, sin + cos = —+sinA) A A and sin ~cos 5 = +¥(1-sind) cos 4 (I= sin) - (1+ sin A) IfA = 3405 prove that rein « Jeteaind) + (Oven), and 200s ein A) - [i= sin A. Solution. IfA=340° or 4 cae 08 170° = cos (180° 10°) =-cos 10° and sin 170° = sin 10° cos 170” is ~ive and sin 170° is +ve but numerical value of cos 170° is greater than sin 170° A , So sin J +c0s + is—ve asin 8 05 A i an sin J ~cos + isve "3 A sin > +008 5 =-(1+sinA) A A ain 9 008 e+ (1 A) Adding equation (i) and (i), we get 20s 4 = -/(¥sina) + (sina) Substracting equations (i) from equation (i), we have A 2eos 5 = ~y{l+sin) + (Asin) If A= 460% prove that 2e084 = Jest A) + (-ain A). Solution. IfA=460° or A2=230° * 08 230° = cos (180° + 50°) = -cos 50° and ‘sin 230° = cos (180° + 50°) = -sin 50° Hence cos 230° and sin 230° are—ve but numerical value of sin 230° greater than cos 230° a A nA $0 cos 5 + sin > is—ve Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: A and cos > - sin A So, ; -/(+sinA) A cos > - sin +V(1+sin A) Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get eas = -{(+sinA) + /@-sinA) IfA = 580% prove that A Bsin> = —(d+sin A) - (I~ sind). Solution. IfA%580° or A/2=290° sin = ve, and cos 4 is +ve and sin 2 is numerically greater than cos. 4 sin cos = -(+sinA) 2 = -{(-sind) 2sin = -J(E rain) - fI=siny Within what respective limits must 4 Uiewhen @ ain _ (sein A) + [(Ia0in A), wi) asin =-y(I sin A) + (1 sin A) Git) asin =+J(+sin A)-/@-sin A) (iv) asin’ =-J(+6in A) - ((-sin A). Solution, @ Since 2 sin 4 = \(rsinA) + (sind) AA A A sin > cos = and sin = —cos = both are +ve, 2 2 2 2 A A Hence “> must be lie between 45° and 135° or “> must lie between ann +t 3x anne and 2nn-+—? 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 2sin 4 = -J(+sinA) + /(-sin A) i ay A and a a 3 in Hence 4 lies between 135° and 225° or between 2nx+ - and 2nn +t (iv) Here, 20s * = (+sinA) - (4-sinA) A Hence sin +008 > is positive A A and sin } ~cos > is also positive, Hence 4 must lie within the limits 45° and 135° 3x ie, Onn © and net 30. Inthe formula 200 = - (1+ sin A) + [(1— sin A) find within what limits (+ sin A) + ((1~ sin A) must lie when (the twopositivesignsaretaken Gi) the twonegative signs are taken, and (iii) the firet sign is negative and the second positive, Solution. 2cos A/2 = +/(1+sinA)++J/(1-sinA) (@ _Ifboth signs are taken positive, then ins ex0 SG ana AY os Sy A x 5x Hence “> lies between (20 +2) and (28 +=) If the -ve sign are taken, then in * + cos © is-ve sin * + cos 4 is a sin“ — cos © is 4 and sin > -cos > is +ve 5x * ties between (2nx +2") and (2m + &) 2 4 4 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER —8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES, (ii) When the first sign i¢-ve and second sign is +ve sea seas 4 i sien + e0s 5 is-ve A A and sin > ~ cos > isalso-ve 1 Hence Ais between (2ne +32) and (200+) 31. Prove that the sine is algebraically less than the cosine for any angle between ana", and aarti, where n is any integer. Solution. () When theangle A is between 2nn— & and2nn+ c , then the signis greater than cos ‘A So algebraically sin Ais less than cos A. (ii) When the angle Ais between 2nn + i and 2nr then the sin Aand cos Aare +ve but sin Aisles than cos A. Hence when the angle A is between 2nn + = and 2nx + 4 than sin A will be algebraically less than itscos A. If sind be determined from the equation, sin A= Sein’ toint prove that we should expect to obtain also the values of is ana stn Sse ae Give also a geometrical illustration. Solution. sind = 3sin‘—sint A From equatioris (i), we ean find the value of sin But sinA = sin(x-A) and © singe) = sin asin? = 3 3 It is clear that the equations (i) and (ii) are same. -A So from equation (ii), value of can be found. Again sin A = sin-(x+ A) _ Ssin- (+A) fi ; iti) 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONC R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES It is clear that the value of sin - (x + A) can also be calculated from (iii). A ntA Hence we can get the value of sin- 3 and -sin- 3 for the value of sin A. Ip eos be found from the equation cos A= 408 4-204, prove that we should expect to obtain also the values of cos 22=A ead cos 22+ A 3 3° Give also a geometrical illustration. Solution. cos A = cos? A. seos From equation (i) value cos A/3 can be find out cos A =.c0s (2n-A) = feos 2A) bm Itis clear that equations (i) and (ii) are same, so from equation (ii) value of 2&4 found out. PERT A _ sigs 2ttA (ii) Again cos A = cos (2x +A) = 4c0s' Z Itis clear that equations (i) and (ii) are same, so from equations (iii) value of es 4 canbe found out, 1 Toprove sin* 78°sin? 60°= = Solution, sin* 73°—sin®60° = sin?(90°-18°) 4 cos? 182-3 = 10425 3 _ 26-2 16 4a 16 +1 8 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET CHAPTER ~ 8 : TRIGNOMETRICAL RATIOS OF MULTIPLY AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES: % Toprove cost 48°-sint 19%= 5% Solution, cos? 48° ~ sin? 12° = cos (48° + 12°) ¢0s (48° ~ 12°) = c08 60° cos 36° 1 &a_ wa ar er 3. Toprove cos 12°+ cos 60°+cos 84°= cos 24°+ cos 48° Solution, cos 12° + c0s 60° + c0s 84° 08 12° + 2.c08 7° cos 12°. = 08 12° (1 +2 c08 72°) 0s 12° (1+ 2.¢08(90° - 18°) = cos 12° (1+2 sin 18°) (Wea one |. cos 12° cos 36° = cos 24° + cos 48° sin 36° sin 72° sin 108° sin 144° = sin 36° sin 72° sin 72° sin 36° = sin? 36° sin? 72° S-V5 545 25-5 | To prove ” t L ’ Solution. 10 rT sin 18° + sin 234° = sin 18°- sin 54° ~ v5-1 v5-1__1 2 To prove sin = sine oi -4. . «13K Solution, —sin

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