UCSP PRE FINAL REVIEWER

Primary Socialization: lifelong process of learning and relearning where individuals develop
their concept of self

Socialization Process

 Enculturation: a person learns culture followed by his/her co-members in a society.

Adapting a new culture
 Acculturation: a person adapts to the influence of another culture without forgetting
their own culture. Blending/fusion
 Assimilation: complete or almost forget the original culture and embraced another
culture
 Cooperation: a form of social interaction wherein two or more person work together for
a common end purpose
 Differentiation: process of designating each member of society to focus on specialized
roles. People are grouped according to their skill
 Social Stratification: dividing the members of society into different strata/ social class

Kinship: web of social relationship

Marriage

 designed to satisfy the sexual needs of an individual

 admits men and women into family life
 also known as Affinal Kinship

Bindi Dot: a red dot on the forehead of Hindu women that indicates she is already married

Types of Marriage

 Monogamy: married to one person only

- Serial: can remarry
- Non-serial: cannot remarry
 Polygamy: marries two or more people
- Polygny: a man marries more than one wife at a time
- Sorroral Polygny: man marries someone within the family
- Non-Sorroral Polygny: man marries someone outside the family
- Polyandry: woman marries several men
- Fraternal Polyandry: woman marries someone within the family
- Non-Fraternal Polyandry: woman marries someone outside the family
 Cenogamy: group marriage
- Endogamy: marriage within the tribe or group
- Exogamy: marriage outside the tribe or group

Annulment: legal procedure declaring a marriage null and void

Looking Glass Self Theory by Charles Horton Cooley

 Explains how a child develops the ability to grasp the role and attitudes of other persons
and visualize himself or herself through the eyes of others, acquiring what he or she
calls the “social self”
 Divided into three stages
- 1st stage: imagine how we appear to another person
- 2nd stage: judgement based on appearance
- 3rd stage: we imagine how the person feels about us based on their judgement

The “I” and the “Me” by George Herbert Mead

 Like Cooley, Mead also believed that one’s sense of self is developed through social
interaction
 Initially, an infant sees himself of herself as his or her own universe. He or she does not
care what other people would think and lacks the ability to think of the perspective of the
other person
 Divided into three stages
- Preparatory stage: the child sees himself/herself in the image of his/her parents
- Play stage: children ages five to eight assume the role of others (bahay-bahayan)
- Game stage: what Mead calls the period of “generalized others” with reference to
society as a whole
 I: social self
 Me: product of generalized others

The Mask, The Performance & The Front by Erwing Goffman

 Goffman showed a dramaturgical approach as to how certain social processes can

create an impact on the self and the role expectations on an individual
 “All the world is a stage and actors must play their roles”
 He compared the behaviour of the people of society to acting on stage
- Front stage: where the actor formally performs and adheres to conventions that
have meaning to the audience. The actor wears several masks according to the role
one has to live up to until it becomes his/her second nature, becoming a part of his
personality
- Back stage: where the actor may behave differently than when in front of an
audience on the front stage. This is where the actor gets to be himself/herself
- Off stage: where individual actors meet the audience members. This process if often
described as “audience segregation” which “allows the team, individual actor and
audience to preserve proper relationships in interaction and the establishments to
which interactions belong.”
- Script: refers to social expectations and presentation of a role that may lead to being
impressed or not by the personal qualities ascribed to them