CA-English 3rd Quarter

THAILAND
 Klon’s Pet Ton – musical love song
Exam Reviewer  Ramakien – longer narrative love verse
intended to be sung
 Jataka Tales – aka Aesop’s Fables

SOUTH EAST ASIAN LITERATURE

PHILIPPINES
GENRES
 Philippine Epics – cultural values and
 oral literature
universal themes of epic poetry
 religious narratives
 Spanish Regime – pasyon, moro moro,
 epic poems
awit and corrido, plorante at laura, noli
 historical novels
me tangere, el filibusterismo
 short stories
 folk tales

LETTER WRITING
THEMES 4 IMPORTANT POINTS
 anti-colonialism 1) Purpose
 nationalism
“Why did you write the letter?”
 struggles of humanity
 fate/destiny 2) Audience
 love
“To whom did you write the letter?”
 familial relationships
 rural vs urban 3) Content
 supernatural “What did you write about?”
 mythical beings
 strengths of human character 4) Expected Reaction
“What do you want from the letter?”

INDONESIA
 religious function PARTS OF A BUSINESS LETTER
 Panchatantra – goal teach morals
_______
_______
VIETNAM _______
_______
 rich, varied experiences over the _______:
centuries _________________________
 depicts humor, realism, and irony of the _________________________
_________________________
Vietnamese people
_________________________
 Oriental Philosophy – a system that _______,
harmonizes the natural and social world
that includes humanity in the center _______
uniting with nature and society
1) Dateline
 indicates the exact date the letter was
written
 Universal – mm/dd/yy
 Military – dd/mm/yy
2) Inside Address
 includes the name of the addressee of
the letter
 3 lines : Name of Recepient
Address (number, street)
Address (city, country, zip)
3) Salutation
 expresses the greetings of the writer
4) Body of the Letter
 introduction, body, conclusion
5) Complimentary Close
 “Respectfully,” “Sincerely,”
6) Signature
IRONY
 a figure of speech in which words are
used in such a way that their intended
meaning is different
VERBAL IRONY
 when words express something contrary
to the truth
 all sarcasm is verbal irony BUT not all
verbal irony is sarcasm
SITUATIONAL IRONY
 when incongruity appears between
expectations of something to happen
and what actually happens instead
DRAMATIC IRONY
 occurs when the audience is aware
of something that the characters in
the story are not aware of
MODALS
 special verbs which behave
irregularly in English
CAN MUST
SHALL WILL
WOULD COULD
MAY MIGHT
SHOULD NEED
FUNCTIONS
1) Degrees of Certainty
 Certainty (shall, will, must, can,
would)
 Probability / Possibility (should, may)
 Weak Probability (might, could)
 Habitual Probability (can, may)
 Conditional Certainty (would, could,
might)
2) Obligation and Freedom to Act
 Strong Obligation (must, will, need)
 Prohibition (all modals + not)
 Weak Obligation (should, might shall)
 Willingness, Insisting, Offering, and
Volunteerism (will, should, shall)
 Permission (can, might, may)
 Ability (can)
 Level of Politeness (may, could, can)
 Level of Certainty (must shall, will can
should, may might could would)
PREPOSITIONS  on – street, avenue, barangay
 at – specific address
 Functions: time/date, place/position,
direction

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
IN – month/year
n – season
n – period
n – past/present/future

ON – day
n – complete date
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION
n – event
TO – used when the verb is showing a
direction and the result of movement
AT – specific time (clock)
t – short precise time
TOWARD/S – suggests movement in a general
direction, without necessarily arriving at a
direction
OTHER PREPOSITIONS:
 since – from a certain point of time to
present ONTO – signifies movement toward a surface
 for – over a certain period of time o – in motion
 ago – a certain time in the past
 before – earlier
 during – a certain time in the present INTO – signifies movement toward an enclosed
space

PREPOSITION OF POSITION/PLACE
SPATIAL
 in – within a boundary
 on – surface of something
 at – use when referring to a specific
point
FALLACY
 illogical claims due to lack of correct and
appropriate factual evidence and
credible source

BASIC KINDS OF FALLACIES

LOCATION
1) Hasty Generalization (Ergo Propter Hoc)
 in – city, town, country, continent
 quick judgement
  jumping into conclusion or
generalization based on inadequate
information

2) Sweeping Generalization (Dicto Simpliciter)

 using words such as all, always, and
never inappropriately to “sweep” or
include everyone without proper
evidence

3) Events Related by Sequence (Non Causa

Pro Causa)
 when one event happens, it is illogically
connected/related to another event if
there is no assurance of truth

4) Inappropriate Use of Authority (Argumentum

Ad Verecundiam)
 using public figures to persuade or
prove a point even if it is taken out of
context or the mere “popularity” is the
sole reason of usage

5) Appeal to Emotions (Argumentum Ad

Misericundiam)
 when the emotion of readers/viewers is
stirred exaggeratedly or intentionally to
gain their support

6) False Dichotomy
 when the readers/viewers are only
presented or being limited to two sides
only