252A HW February 5

Geoff Patterson
February 5, 2015

Section 7.5
# 16
Solve the differential equation
dy
(sec x) = ey+sin x
dx

Solution: By separating the variables,

e−y dy = cos(x)esin(x) dx
The left side is straight-forward to integrate. The right side can be done using u-substitution with u = sin(x).
This gives:
−e−y = esin(x) + C
e−y = −esin(x) − C
 
−y = ln −esin(x) − C
ln(−esin(x) )
y=−
ln(C)


# 20
The earth’s atmospheric pressure p is often modeled by assuming that the rate dp/dh at
which p changes with the altitude h above sea level is proportional to p. Suppose that the
pressure at sea level is 1013 millibars (about 14.7 pounds per square inch) and that the
pressure at an altitude of 20 km is 90 millibars.
(a) Solve the initial value problem:
Differential equation: dh/dp = kp, (k a constant)
Initial condition: p = p0 when h = 0
to express p in terms of h. Determine the values of p0 and k from the given altitude-
pressure data.
(b) What is the atmospheric pressure at h = 50km?
(c) At what altitude does the pressure equal 900 millibars?

Solution:
(a) By separating variables or by general knowledge of exponential growth,
p(h) = p0 ek h
and p(0) = 1013 = p0 and p(20) = 90. Solving, we have
90 = 1013e20k
 
90
ln = 20k
1013
90


ln 1013
=k
20

1
 (b) p(50) = 2.38 millibars.
(c) We must solve for h:

900 = 1013ekh
 
900
ln = kh
1013
h = 0.97715 km

Section 7.6
# 22
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find the limit.

ln(csc x)
lim
x→π/2 (x − (π/2))2

Solution: By l’Hôpital’s rule, the limit above is equal to

− csc x cot x
csc x − cot x
lim = lim
x→π/2 2(x − (π/2)) x→π/2 2(x − (π/2))

Differentiating once more,

csc2 x 1
lim =
x→π/2 2 2


# 32
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find the limit.
log2 x
lim
x→∞ log3 (x + 3)

Solution: I prefer logarithms in terms of e, so first I rewrite the problem in base e:

ln x
ln 2
lim
ln(x+3)
x→∞
ln 3
which is

ln 3 ln(x)
lim ·
x→∞ ln 2 ln(x + 3)
Now by l’Hôpital’s rule, the limit above is equal to
1
ln 3 x ln 3 x + 3 ln 3
lim · 1 = lim · =
x→∞ ln 2 x→∞ ln 2 x ln 2
x+3

2
# 40
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find the limit.
 
3x + 1 1
lim+ −
x→0 x sin x

Solution: First, combine into one fraction:

 
(3x + 1) sin(x) − x 3x sin(x) + sin(x) − x
lim+ = lim+
x→0 x sin(x) x→0 x sin(x)
By l’Hôpital’s rule, we differentiate:

3x cos(x) + 3 sin(x) + cos(x) − 1

lim
x→0+ x cos(x) + sin(x)
We still get an indeterminant form, and must differentiate again:

−3x sin(x) + 3 cos(x) + 3 cos(x) − sin(x) −3x sin(x) + 6 cos(x) − sin(x) 6

lim = lim = =3
x→0+ −x sin(x) + cos(x) + cos(x) x→0+ −x sin(x) + 2 cos(x) 2


# 58
L’Hôpital’s Rule does not help with this limit. Try it – you just keep on cycling. Find the
limit some other way. √
x
lim √
x→0+ sin x

Solution: If we try l’Hôptial’s rule we get:

√ 1 −1/2
x 2x
lim p = lim −1/2
x→0+ sin(x) x→0+ 1
2 (sin(x)) cos(x)
p
sin(x)
= lim √
x→0 + x cos(x)
p
sin(x)
= lim+ √
x→0 x

since limx→0 cos(x) = 1. Notice the last limit is just the reciprocal of the original; so, we are getting nowhere.
Instead use properties of limits to rewrite and solve:
√ r
x x
lim p = lim
x→0+ sin(x) x→0+ sin x
r
x
= lim
x→0+ sin x
√
= 1
=1