LRM Babli PDF

WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
PROJECT WORK ON
CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
MR. VIJAYANT SINHA BABLI RAJ
( FACULTY OF LEGAL METHODS AND B.A LLB
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY) ROLL NO.-1523
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SEMESTER-1 ST
DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE
I hereby declare that the work reported in the B.A. LL.B (Hons.) Project Report entitle
“WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION”submitted at Chanakya National Law University,
Patna is an authentic record of my work carried out under the supervision of Mr VIJAYANT
SINHA. I have not submitted this work elsewhere for any other degree or diploma. I am fully
responsible for the contents of my Project Report.
(Signature of the Candidate)

BABLI RAJ
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Chanakya National Law University, Patna
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Any project completed or done in isolation is unthinkable. This project, although prepared by
me, is a culmination of efforts of a lot of people. Firstly, I would like to thank our Professor MR.
VIJAYANT SINHA for, helping me in making the project on WORLD HEALTH
ORGANISATION for his valuable suggestions towards the making of this project.
Further to that, I would also like to express my gratitude towards our seniors who did a lot of
help for the completion of this project. The contributions made by my classmates and friends are,
definitely, worth mentioning.
I would like to express my gratitude towards the library staff for their help also. I would also like
to thank the persons asked for help by me without whose support this project would not have
been completed.
I would like to express my gratitude towards the Almighty for obvious reasons. Moreover,
thanks to all those who helped me in any way be it words, presence
Encouragement or blessings...
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-BABLI RAJ
1st semester
Content Page
SERIAL NO. NAME OF CHAPTER PAGE NO.
1. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 5
2 LIMITATIONS 5
3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5
5. SOURCES OF DATA 5 to 6
CHAPTERIZATION
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ROLES AND OBJECTIVES OF WHO
6. 3. ACHIEVEMENTS OF WHO 7 to 34
4. WHO INDIA
5. PRESENT CHALLENGES OF WHO
6. CONCLUSION
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 35
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1. To know the functioning of WHO

2. To know the role of WHO in public health
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The researcher has used only doctrinal method of research for the accomplishment of this
project.
LIMITATIONS
The presented research is confined to a time limit of one month and this research contains
only doctrinal works which are limited to library sources.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The researcher relied upon the library of CNLU and also on Internet Websites
SOURCES OF DATA
Secondary Sources
MAGAZINES &NEWSPAPERS
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WEBSITES
● http://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/tb-epidemic-in-india-larger-
than-what-was-previously-estimated-who/54841656
● http://www.who.int/tb/en/
● http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/
● http://who.int/features/2015/india-reducing-suicide/en/
● http://www.searo.who.int/india/topics/tobacco/report_globaltobacco_epidemic/en/
● http://www.who.int/about/brochure_en.
● https://www.theguardian.com/world/world-health-organisation
● http://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/tb-epidemic-in-india-larger
-than-what-was-previously-estimated-who/54841656
● http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes
● http://www.searo.who.int/india/mediacentre/events/2016/antitubercularmedicine/en/
● http://europa.eu/pol/dev/index_en.htm
● http://www.aseansec.org
● http://www.oxfam.org/en/campaigns/health-education/millennium-development-goals
● http://www.paho.org/world-health-day/
● http://www.searo.who.int/india/about/en/
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INTRODUCTION
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the directing and coordinating authority on
international health within the United Nations’ system.
It was established on 7 April 1948, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a
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member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization,
was an agency of the League of Nations. The constitution of the World Health Organization had
been signed by 61 countries on 22 July 1946, with the first meeting of the World Health
Assembly finishing on 24 July 1948. Goal of is to build a better, healthier future for people all
over the world. Working through offices in more than 150 countries, WHO staff work side by
side with governments and other partners to ensure the highest attainable level of health for all
people. With nearly two hundred member countries, the agency implements worldwide programs
to prevent and eliminate disease. But the WHO’s mission goes beyond the mere treatment of
physical illness, its stated objective being “the attainment of the highest possible level of health
for all people in the world” with health defined as “a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being.”
WHO is people. Over 8000 public health experts including doctors, epidemiologists, scientists,
managers, administrators and other professionals from all over the world work for WHO in 147
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country offices, six regional offices and at the headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO experts produce health guidelines and standards, and help countries to address public
health issues. WHO also supports and promotes health research. Through WHO, governments
can jointly tackle global health problems and improve people’s well-being.
193 countries and two associate members are WHO’s membership. They meet every year at the
World Health Assembly in Geneva to set policy for the Organization, approve the Organization’s
budget, and every five years, to appoint the Director-General. Their work is supported by the
34-member Executive Board, which is elected by the Health Assembly. Six regional committees
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focus on health matters of a regional nature. WHO and its Member States work with many
partners, including UN agencies, donors , non governmental organizations, WHO collaborating
centres and the private sector. Their primary role is to direct and coordinate international health
within the United Nations’ system.
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http://www.who.int/about/brochure_en.
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https://www.theguardian.com/world/world-health-organisation
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These are their main areas of work are Health systems, Promoting health through the life-course,
Noncommunicable diseases, Communicable diseases, Corporate services, Preparedness,
surveillance and response.
The WHO is responsible for the World Health Report, a leading international publication on
health, the worldwide World Health Survey, and World Health Day (7 April of every year). The
head of WHO is Margaret Chan. With administrative headquarters in Geneva, WHO operates
through three principal organs: the World Health Assembly, which meets annually as the general
policy-making body; an Executive Board of health specialists elected for three-year terms by the
assembly; and a Secretariat, which consists of approximately 8,000 experts, staff, and field
workers, who have appointments at the central headquarters or at one of the six regional WHO
offices or other offices located in countries around the world. The organization is led by a
director general nominated by the Executive Board and appointed by the World Health
Assembly. The director general is supported by a deputy director general and multiple assistant
directors general, each of which specializes in a specific area within the WHO framework, such
as family and community health or health security. The organization is financed primarily from
annual contributions made by member governments on the basis of relative ability to pay. In
addition, after 1951 WHO was allocated substantial resources from the expanded
technical-assistance program of the UN.
The eradication of SMALLPOX was a major achievement of WHO and in 1981 the organization
adopted a policy of health for all by the year 2000. This is an unrealistic goal since so much
depends on economic factors, but WHO has formulated specific targets for the provision of such
fundamental public health needs as clean drinking water, sewage disposal, adequate nutrition,
universal immunization programs and assaults on the major health hazard of smoking. Its current
priorites include communicable diseases, in particular HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and
tuberculosis; the mitigation of the effects of non-communicable diseases; sexual and
reproductive health development and aging; nutrition, food security and healthy eating;
occupational health; substance abuse; and driving the development of reporting, publications,
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and networking.
Though the WHO is recognized as an international health authority and trusted partner, its
budget is small relative to organizations such as the World Bank and has not grown in real terms
since the early 1980s. This puts more of an organizational emphasis on advisory functions and
coordination, rather than direct emergency response and supply of material aid.
More than 7000 people from more than 150 countries work for the Organization in 150 WHO
offices in countries, territories and areas, six regional offices, at the Global Service Centre in
Malaysia and at the headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
In addition to medical doctors, public health specialists, scientists and epidemiologists, WHO
staff include people trained to manage administrative, financial, and information systems, as well
as experts in the fields of health statistics, economics and emergency relief.
WORLD HEALTH DAY
The World Health Day is a global health awareness day celebrated every year on 7 April, under
the sponsorship of the World Health Organization (WHO).
In 1948, the WHO held the First World Health Assembly. The Assembly decided to celebrate 7
April of each year, with effect from 1950, as the World Health Day. The World Health Day is
held to mark WHO's founding, and is seen as an opportunity by the organization to draw
worldwide attention to a subject of major importance to global health each year. The WHO
organizes international, regional and local events on the Day related to a particular theme. World
Health Day is acknowledged by various governments and non-governmental organizations with
interests in public health issues, who also organize activities and highlight their support in media
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reports, such as the Global Health Council.
World Health Day is one of eight official global public health campaigns marked by WHO,
along with World Tuberculosis Day, World Immunization Week, World Malaria Day, World No
Tobacco Day, World Diabetes Day, World Blood Donor Day, World Hepatitis Day, and World
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AIDS Day.
HISTORY OF WHO
In the 1800s, markedly increased trade and travel with the East led to outbreaks of cholera and
other epidemic diseases in Europe. In response to cholera epidemics in 1830 and 1847, which
killed tens of thousands in Europe, the first International Sanitary Conference was convened in
Paris in 1851.
At the time, the cause of cholera was unknown and due to political differences little was
accomplished at this or the next several meetings. Nonetheless, the conferences were the first
attempt at establishing a mechanism for international cooperation for disease prevention and
control. The effort finally paid off with the adoption in 1892 of the International Sanitary
Convention for the control of cholera and 5 years later with a Convention that addressed control
of the plague.
In the Americas, the forerunner of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO), the
International Sanitary Bureau, was established in 1902, making PAHO the oldest international
health agency in the world. In Europe, L’Office International d’Hygiene Publique was
established in 1907, and in 1919 the League of Nations established the Health Organisation of
the League of Nations in Geneva. In 1926, the International Sanitary Convention was revised to
include provisions against smallpox and typhus.
The last International Sanitary Conference was held in Paris in 1938 on the eve of World War II.
Immediately after World War II, in 1945, the UN Conference on International Organisations in
San Francisco voted to establish a new international health organisation and a year later the
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International Health Conference in New York approved the Constitution of the World Health
Organisation. Between 1946 and 1948 an Interim Commission, with 18 states, took over the
work of L’Office International d’Hygiene Publique, the Health Organisation of the League of
Nations, and the Health Division of the UN Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. In 1948,
the WHO Constitution obtained enough signatures to bring it into force. The Pan American
Health Organisation became one of WHO’s six regional organisations.
The First World Health Assembly met in Geneva in the summer of 1948 and established as
priorities for the organisation: malaria, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, maternal and child health,
sanitary engineering, and nutrition. The organisation had a budget of US$5 million in 1948. In
addition, the Organisation was involved in wide-ranging disease prevention and control efforts
including mass campaigns against yaws, endemic syphilis, leprosy, and trachoma. The first
director general of WHO was Canadian physician Brock Chisholm, who served from 1948 to
1953. Later directors general of WHO included physician and former prime minister of Norway
Gro Harlem Brundtland (1998–2003), South Korean epidemiologist and public health expert Lee
Jong Wook (2003–06), and Chinese civil servant Margaret Chan.
The constitution of WHO is notable for the scope and breadth of the agenda it lays out for the
organization. Health is described as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’ and the enjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of health as a fundamental human right. Governments have a responsibility to provide
‘adequate health and social measures’. The constitution sets out 22 functions for WHO, which
cover almost every conceivable activity linked to the promotion of health. It was adopted by the
International Health Conference held in New York from 19 June to 22 July 1946, signed on 22
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July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States and entered into force on 7 April 1948.
Constitution of the World Health Organization: Principles
1. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
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2. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental
rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief,
economic or social condition.
3. The health of all peoples is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security and is
dependent on the fullest co-operation of individuals and States.
4. The achievement of any State in the promotion and protection of health is of value to all.
5. Unequal development in different countries in the promotion of health and control of
diseases, especially communicable disease, is a common danger.
6. Healthy development of the child is of basic importance; the ability to live harmoniously
in a changing total environment is essential to such development.
7. The extension to all peoples of the benefits of medical, psychological and related
knowledge is essential to the fullest attainment of health.
8. Informed opinion and active co-operation on the part of the public are of the utmost
importance in the improvement of the health of the people.
9. Governments have a responsibility for the health of their peoples which can be fulfilled
only by the provision of adequate health and social measures.
GOVERNANCE OF WHO
Governance takes place through the World Health Assembly, which is the supreme
decision-making body; and the Executive Board, which gives effect to the decisions and policies
of the Health Assembly. The Organization is headed by the Director-General, who is appointed
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by the Health Assembly on the nomination of the Executive Board .
● The World Health Assembly
The World Health Assembly is the decision-making body of WHO. It is the supreme
decision-making body for WHO. It generally meets in Geneva in May each year, and is attended
by delegations from all 194 Member States. Its main function is to determine the policies of the
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Organization.
The Health Assembly appoints the Director-General, supervises the financial policies of the
Organization, and reviews and approves the proposed programme budget. It similarly considers
reports of the Executive Board, which it instructs in regard to matters upon which further action,
study, investigation, or report may be required.
● Executive Board
The Executive Board is composed of 34 technically qualified members elected for three-year
terms. The main Executive Board meeting, at which the agenda for the forthcoming Health
Assembly is agreed upon and resolutions for forwarding to the Health Assembly are adopted, is
held in January, with a second shorter meeting in May, immediately after the Health Assembly,
for more administrative matters.The main functions of the Board are to give effect to the
decisions and policies of the World Health Assembly, to advise it and generally to facilitate its
work.
● Director-General
Dr Margaret Chan is the Director-General of WHO, appointed by the World Health Assembly on
9 November 2006. The Assembly appointed Dr Chan for a second five-year term at its sixty-fifth
session in May 2012. Dr Chan's new term began on 1 July 2012 and will continue until 30 June
2017.
● Governing Body documentation
Documentation in all official languages of WHO for Executive Board sessions and Health
Assemblies.
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ROLES AND OBJECTIVES OF WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) was founded in 1948 with an ambitious objective –
‘the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health’. Its constitution defined
22 wide-ranging functions, of which the first was ‘to act as the directing and co-ordinating
authority on international health work’.
ROLE OF WHO IN PUBLIC HEALTH
WHO fulfils its objectives through its core functions:
1. providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where

joint action is needed;
2. shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and
dissemination of valuable knowledge;
3. setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;
4. articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;
5. providing technical support, catalysing change, and building sustainable institutional
capacity; and
6. monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.
These core functions are set out in the Twelfth General Programme of Work, which provides
the framework for organization-wide programme of work, budget, resources and results.
Entitled "Not merely the absence of disease", it covers the 6-year period from 2014 to 2019.
THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
The MDGs came out of the United Nations Millennium Declaration which was endorsed by
189 countries in September 2000 and resolves to work towards combating poverty, ill health,
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discrimination and inequality, lack of education and environmental degradation.
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MDG 5 Fact Sheet
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The MDGs are eight specific goals that the 191 United Nations (UN) states have committed
themselves to achieving by 2015. The MDGs are:
1. to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger;

2. to achieve universal primary education;
3. to promote gender equality and empower women;
4. to reduce child mortality;
5. to improve maternal health;
6. to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases;
7. to ensure environmental sustainability; and
8. to develop a global partnership for development
These goals are interdependent, progress or lack thereof in achieving one goal will have
effects on progress towards achieving the others. Likewise it is acknowledged that in order to
achieve the MDGs all sections of the UN system will be required to work together and, more
importantly, that the UN alone cannot achieve the MDGs. Achieving the MDGs will require
the cooperation and action of UN member states and of other international, regional and local
governmental and non-governmental organizations. WHO in particular accepts this to be the
case; WHO’s need to work closely with other UN bodies, states and other actors in the
international system is a major theme of WHO’s Eleventh General Programme of Work
2006-2015.
The MDGs are unique in that they have broad support across the international system. The
constituent bodies of the UN and all 191 UN member states are committed to achieving the
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MDGs. Regional organizations including the European Union and the Association of
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Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) frame, to varying extents, their policies in a variety of
areas around the achievement of the MDGs. Many major international charities such as the
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Red Cross and OXFAM are focusing their work, again to varying degrees, on achieving the
MDGs. There are also many civil society organizations, operating at local, national, regional
and international levels that are engaged with the MDGs. Considering this broad support it is
little wonder that WHO have chosen to focus so heavily on the achievement of the MDGs in
the Eleventh General Programme of Work 2006-2015.
WHO PROGRAMMES FOR SCHOOL HEALTH AND YOUTH HEALTH PROMOTION
An effective school health programme can be one of the most cost effective investments a
nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health. WHO promotes school
health programmes as a strategic means to prevent important health risks among youth and to
engage the education sector in efforts to change the educational, social, economic and political
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conditions that affect risk.
● Global School Health Initiative
WHO's Global School Health Initiative, launched in 1995, seeks to mobilise and strengthen
health promotion and education activities at the local, national, regional and global levels. The
Initiative is designed to improve the health of students, school personnel, families and other
members of the community through schools.
The goal of WHO's Global School Health Initiative is to increase the number of schools that
can truly be called "Health-Promoting Schools". Although definitions will vary, depending on
need and circumstance, a Health-Promoting School can be characterised as a school constantly
strengthening its capacity as a healthy setting for living, learning and working.
The general direction of WHO's Global School Health Initiative is guided by the Ottawa
Charter for Health Promotion (1986); the;Jakarta Declaration of the Fourth International
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http://www.who.int/school_youth_health/en/
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Conference on Health Promotion(1997); and the WHO's Expert Committee Recommendation

on Comprehensive School Health Education and Promotion (1995).
WHO's Global School Health Initiative invites all governmental and nongovernmental
organisations, development banks, organisations of the United Nations system, interregional
bodies, bilateral agencies, the labour movement and co-operatives, as well as the private
sector to help all schools to become Health-Promoting Schools.
● Preventing leading causes of premature death, disease and disability
Many of today's and tomorrow's leading causes of death, disease and disability
(cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung diseases, depression, violence, substance abuse,
injuries, nutritional deficiencies, HIV/AIDS/STI and helminth infections) can be significantly
reduced by preventing six interrelated categories of behaviour, that are initiated during youth
and fostered by social and political policies and conditions:
● tobacco use
● behaviour that results in injury and violence
● alcohol and substance use
● dietary and hygienic practices that cause disease
● sedentary lifestyle
● sexual behaviour that causes unintended pregnancy and disease
WHO is working to tackle all the sexually transmitted diseases by spreading awareness about it
has also started Teacher training programme to prevent HIV infection and related discrimination
through schools.
The EI/WHO/EDC Teacher Training Programme to Prevent HIV Infection and related
Discrimination through Schools is a programme that is based on research that shows:
● programmes that most effectively influence risk behaviour help people practice and acquire
skills for prevention.
● the use of participatory learning experiences is recognized as one of the most effective ways
to help people practice and acquire prevention skills.
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● teachers require training to most effectively implement participatory learning experiences

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aimed at building skills for the prevention of HIV/AIDS.
ACHIEVEMENTS OF WHO
Over the years, the WHO has continually found ways to achieve this goal, with its first major
accomplishment the eradication of smallpox, long considered the most deadly and persistent
human infectious disease. Smallpox had caused millions of deaths and much suffering for
centuries, but once the agency set out to eradicate it, WHO personnel traveled the world to
conduct a massive vaccination program. And as a result, smallpox was eliminated in 1977. Since
then, the WHO has turned its attention to other diseases such as polio and leprosy, which are
now on the verge of eradication as well.
In addition to fighting illness, the World Health Organization has been a key player in promoting
worldwide disease prevention and health programs. Working with partners in health research, the
WHO gathers data on global health conditions and needs, particularly in developing countries.
One of its most recent initiatives is the Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health.
This project, mandated by the World Health Assembly in May 2002, arose through the discovery
that more and more people in the developing world were suffering from chronic disease.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is
concerned with international public health. It has worked for public since its formation.
Some of its great achievements in Public Health:
● 1952–1964 Global yaws control programme
One of the first diseases to claim WHO’s attention was yaws, a crippling and disfiguring disease
that afflicted some 50 million people in 1950. The global yaws control programme, fully
operational between 1952-1964, used long-acting penicillin to treat yaws with one single
injection. By 1965, the control programme had examined 300 million people in 46 countries and
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reduced global disease prevalence by more than 95%.
● The first Essential Medicines List appeared in 1977, two years after the World Health
Assembly introduced the concepts of “essential drugs” and “national drug policy”. 156
countries today have a national list of essential medicines.
● Eradication of smallpox 1979
● The eradication of smallpox – a disease which had maimed and killed millions – in the
late 1970s is one of WHO’s proudest achievements. The campaign to eradicate the
deadly disease throughout the world was coordinated by WHO between 1967and 1979. It
was the first and so far the only time that a major infectious disease has been eradicated.
● In 1978 The International Conference on Primary Health Care, in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan
sets the historic goal of “Health for All” – to which WHO continues to aspire.
● Global Polio Eradication Initiative established in1988
Since its launch in 1988, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has reduced the number of cases
of polio by more than 99% – from more than 350 000 per year to 1956 in 2006. Spearheaded by
national governments, WHO, Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention and UNICEF, it has immunized more than two billion children thanks to the
mobilization of more than 20 million volunteers and health workers. As a result, five million
children are today walking, who would otherwise have been paralysed, and more than 1.5
million childhood deaths have been averted. The goal is to eradicate polio worldwide so that no
child will ever again be paralyzed by this disease.
● WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 21 May 2003
It was a historic day for global public health. After nearly four years of intense negotiations,
the World Health Assembly unanimously adopted WHO’s first global public health treaty.
The treaty is designed to reduce tobacco-related deaths and disease around the world.
● In 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) first recognized and then
controlled.
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● The Member States in the WHO European Region met at the WHO European Ministerial
Conference on Mental Health in Helsinki in January 2005 to tackle one of the major
threats to the well-being of Europeans: the epidemic of psychosocial distress and mental
ill health. These countries took mental health from the shadow of stigma and
discrimination and brought it to the centre of the public health policy arena. By adopting
the Mental Health Declaration and Action Plan for Europe, they set the course for mental
health policy for the next 5–10 years.
WHO INDIA
India became a party to the WHO Constitution on 12 January 1948. The first session of the
WHO Regional Committee for South-East Asia was held on 4-5 October 1948 in the office of
the Indian Minister of Health. It was inaugurated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of
India and was addressed by the WHO Director-General, Dr Brock Chisholm. India is a Member
State of the WHO South East Asia Region.
Dr Henk Bekedam is the WHO Representative to India.
The WHO Country Office for India is headquartered in Delhi with country-wide presence. The
WHO Country Office for India’s areas of work are enshrined in its new Country Cooperation
Strategy (CCS) 2012-2017.
COUNTRY COOPERATION STRATEGY (CCS) 2012-2017
The WHO Country Cooperation Strategy – India (2012-2017) has been jointly developed by the
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoH&FW) of the Government of India (GoI) and the
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WHO Country Office for India (WCO). Its key aim is to contribute to improving health and
equity in India. It distinguishes and addresses both the challenges to unleashing India’s potential
globally and the challenges to solving long-standing health and health service delivery problems
internally.
The CCS incorporates the valuable recommendations of key stakeholders garnered through
extensive consultations. It balances country priorities with WHO’s strategic orientations and
comparative advantages in order to contribute optimally to national health development. It
includes work on “inter-sectoral” actions, regulations and reform of the provision of (personal
and population) health services that impact on the health system outcomes – health status,
financial protection, responsiveness and performance.
To contribute meaningfully to the national health policy processes and government’s health
agenda, the CCS has identified three strategic priorities and the focus areas under each priority:
Strategic priority 1: Supporting an improved role of the Government of India in global health
● International Health Regulations: Ensuring the implementation of International Health

Regulations and similar commitments.
● Pharmaceuticals: Strengthening the pharmaceutical sector including drug regulatory
capacity and, trade and health.
● Stewardship: Improving the stewardship capacity of the entire Indian health system
Strategic priority 2: Promoting access to and utilization of affordable, efficiently networked and
sustainable quality services by the entire population
● Financial Protection: Providing universal health service coverage so that every individual
would achieve health gain from a health intervention when needed.
● Quality: Properly accrediting service delivery institutions (primary health care facilities
and hospitals) to deliver the agreed service package.
Strategic priority 3: Helping to confront the new epidemiological reality of India
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● Health of Mothers and Children: Scaling up reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and
adolescent health services.
● Combined Morbidity: Addressing increased combinations of communicable and
noncommunicable diseases.
● Transitioning Services: Gradual, phased “transfer strategy” of WHO services to the
national, state and local authorities without erosion of effectiveness during the transition
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period.
Achievement of the CCS objectives calls for major adaptations in the way the WCO plans,
works, organizes and delivers measurable results towards the goal of ensuring better health for
all Indians in collaboration with the government and other partners.
The critical challenge for the WCO will be to adjust and scale up its capacity to provide
support for the required technical excellence that would enable meaningful contributions to
national health policy processes, and the government’s health agenda. The CCS
implementation will be based on two-year Action Plans developed by the WCO in
consultation with the MoHFW taking due consideration of the health priorities envisaged by

the 12th Five Year Plan. The critical challenge for the WCO will be to adjust and scale up its
capacity to provide support for the required technical excellence that would enable meaningful
contributions to national health policy processes, and the government’s health agenda. The
CCS implementation will be based on two-year Action Plans developed by the WCO in
consultation with the MoHFW taking due consideration of the health priorities envisaged by
the 12th Five Year Plan.
PROGRAMMES FOR INDIA
1. Eliminating rabies in India through awareness, treatment and vaccination
In December 2015, countries from across the world met with WHO, the World Organization
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for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC), and agreed to end human deaths from
dog-mediated rabies by 2030. Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General, acknowledged that
elimination of rabies is within reach by using her own words: "Rabies belongs in the history
books".
Under the One Health Initiative, WHO, OIE, FAO, and GARC are working on simultaneous
campaigns to eliminate canine rabies through the vaccination of dogs, the treatment of human
rabies exposures with wound washing and post-exposure prophylaxis, and the improvement of
education about rabies prevention where it is needed most.
Ending human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030 will require an active role from
India, which has a high concentration of the disease but is also empowered by its rich
technical expertise and resources to drive cooperation of other countries in the region.
Control of canine rabies through vaccination and dog birth control is imperative, although
with 25 million stray dogs in the country this is a formidable task.
While the sheer size of India’s dog population is a significant obstacle, Dr Mani also points
out recent positive developments: "Collaborative efforts between the medical, veterinary, and
public health sectors have already made a significant difference. We have seen improved rates
of pre-exposure vaccination (PrEP) for vulnerable populations, such as children, and improved
awareness of the need for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after a bite."
Within recent years, India has overcome polio, yaws, and maternal and neonatal tetanus.
Through a collaborative approach it is possible that this generation will also see the end of
13
rabies in India .
The theme of this year's World Rabies Day, observed on 28 September, is "Rabies: Educate.
Vaccinate. Eliminate."
2. Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI)
In India every year, an estimated 1 million people die from tobacco-related illnesses, all of
13
http://www.who.int/features/2016/eliminating-rabies-india/en/
24 | Page
which could have been avoided by stopping tobacco use.

The WHO MPOWER measure of “Offering help to quit tobacco use” provides a cost-effective
approach for countries that helps increase the likelihood that a smoker will quit successfully,
in turn reducing their risk of a slow and painful death. The prevalence of tobacco use across
India makes offering cessation support an essential part of any tobacco control strategy.
Almost 50% of men in India regularly use tobacco, exposing them and their families to
tobacco-related deaths and diseases. However, access to cessation clinics has traditionally
limited the number of people able to access the support they need.
During the past 12 months, the government of India, together with WHO and ITU, have been
working to overcome this problem by using mobile phones to significantly increase population
14
access to cessation programs.
This mTobaccoCessation program has been a collaborative effort between a national team and
global experts, working to help people quit tobacco use through support delivered by mobile
phones. In particular, WHO and ITU have been providing technical support in India to
develop and adopt elements of Be He@lthy Be Mobile, a global initiative helping governments
scale up mHealth solutions as part of national health systems.
Technical support includes providing disease-specific content based on WHO guidelines,
delivery mechanisms based on clinical trials and a strong monitoring and evaluation
component to assess efficacy.
Users of the India mTobaccoCessation program self-enroll through a missed call or web
registration service, and then receive tailored advice and support via daily and weekly SMS
messages sent to their mobiles. The program provides targeted support to help people
overcome the personal challenge of maintaining efforts to quit tobacco use. It also generates
real-time data on people who join the initiative, how they are using it and if they are quitting
or not.
The impact of the Indian initiative on access to cessation services has been huge. Since
January 2016, approximately 2 million people have registered thanks to the Ministry of
14
http://www.who.int/tobacco/quitting/scaling-up-cessation-india-using-mobile-technology/en/
25 | Page
Health’s nationwide promotion of the mTobaccoCessation program, which ranks as the

world’s largest. The Indian initiative also represents a turning-point in the approach to scaling
cessation services for the country and others.
India’s experiences are also being shared through the WHO-ITU initiative with other countries
developing mTobaccoCessation services, including Tunisia and the Philippines. This feedback
process is helping create a global repository of knowledge and experience, and promoting
horizontal collaboration between countries.
This is an important step forward for tobacco control. However the potential of mHealth to
improve access to health services is not restricted to tobacco alone. It is also opening up new
possibilities for public health to use mobile technology to provide population-level access to
health services for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular and lung
diseases, cancers and diabetes.In July 2016 a mobile-based diabetes service was launched in
India and currently provides information to over 97,000 people on simple measures to prevent
diabetes and manage their condition in between clinic visits. Far from being a neglected area,
mHealth is bringing NCD control to the forefront of public health.
3. Silicosis and silicotuberculosis in India

In 1995, the World Health Organization and the International Labour Organization began
a public awareness and prevention campaign to eliminate silicosis from the world by
2030.Several countries – Brazil, Chile, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, South
Africa, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Viet Nam –
have established national programmes for the elimination of silicosis.3 However, in many
low- to middle-income countries, including India, silicosis continues to be an occupational
health hazard.
4. Measles vaccinations in India
26 | Page
Measles vaccination made an important contribution to the millennium development goal to

reduce under-5 mortality (MDG4), accounting for 23% of the estimated worldwide decline in
all-cause child mortality from 1990 to 2008. A cornerstone of the strategy was that all children
be offered a second opportunity to receive a dose of measles-containing vaccine, either
through routine immunization services or through mass vaccination campaigns (known as
supplementary immunization activities). Supplemental immunization targets all children, to
reach those who have been missed by routine services and also those who may have failed to
develop an appropriate immune response after vaccination. The strategy has been widely
implemented in sub-Saharan Africa over the last decade, with measurable success in reducing
mortality. India delayed implementing supplementary immunization, and this may have
contributed to the slower decline in measles mortality as compared with sub-Saharan Africa.
In 2010, India With the help of WHO introduced a second opportunity to receive
measles-containing vaccine through routine immunization programmes in states with 80% or
higher coverage of the first dose of measles-containing vaccine, and elsewhere through
supplementary immunization activities. India’s first supplementary mass measles vaccination
campaign took place from 2010 to 2013 in 14 states7 containing 59% of India’s 113 million
15
under-5 children.
5. National Workshop on Pharmacovigilance of Anti Tubercular Medicines in India
A national workshop was jointly organized by World Health Organization (WHO) along with
Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme (RNTCP) and Pharmacovigilance
15
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes
27 | Page
Programme of India (PvPI), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of
India in New Delhi on Pharmacovigilance of Anti Tubercular Medicines in India.
The workshop was aimed at strengthening the capacity of local causality assessment committee
members and other stakeholders for effective implementation of Pharmacovigilance for cohort
event monitoring of Bedaquiline, through the cohort event monitoring programme (Conditional
Access under Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis), especially the aspects
of causality assessment and data flow from NIKSHAY to Vigiflow for the safety data.
WHO has been providing pivotal policy and technical support to the RNTCP and PvPI over the
past years, including setting up rigorous pharmacovigilance systems for Bedaquiline as cohort
event monitoring and a bridge application for seamless flow of data between NIKSHAY (TB
electronic software) and Vigiflow.
The workshop was attended by key functionaries for Bedaquiline from six identified Drug
Resistant TB Centres including Local Causality Assessment Committee members, State TB
officers, Medical Officers and Statistical Assistants of RNTCP; and Pharmacovigilance
16
Associates from PVPI.
6. Reducing suicide in rural India by limiting access to pesticides
Swallowing pesticides is among the most common means of suicide worldwide. Widespread use
in India of pesticides in farming has led to particularly high rates of suicide in the country’s rural
areas. In the first study of its kind, WHO has been investigating whether limiting access to
pesticides by building centralized pesticide storage facilities away from people’s homes can
17
help reduce suicides in southern India.
WHO REPORT
● WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013
16
http://www.searo.who.int/india/mediacentre/events/2016/antitubercularmedicine/en/
17
http://who.int/features/2015/india-reducing-suicide/en/
28 | Page
The WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013, highlights the continued success in
global tobacco control. It also showcases that India, the world’s largest producer of movies, is
one of the few countries to take action to reduce tobacco imagery in films and television as part
18
of a comprehensive Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship ban.
● WHO REPORT ON TB
The Global Tuberculosis Report 2016 which was released on 14 october 2016, however, said the
number of TB deaths and incidences rate continue to fall globally as well as in India.
TB epidemic in India larger than what was previously estimated: WHO
Tuberculosis epidemic in India is "larger" than what was previously estimated, the World Health
Organisation (WHO) said while asserting that the country was one of six nations which
accounted for 60 per cent of the new cases in 2015.
The Global Tuberculosis Report 2016 which was released on 14 october 2016, however, said the
number of TB deaths and incidences rate continue to fall globally as well as in India.
"The TB epidemic is larger than previously estimated, reflecting new surveillance and survey
data from India. However, the number of TB deaths and the TB incidence rate continue to fall
18
http://www.searo.who.int/india/topics/tobacco/report_globaltobacco_epidemic/en/
29 | Page
globally and in India," WHO said. It said that in 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million new
(incident) TB cases worldwide, of which 5.9 million (56 per cent) were among men, 3.5 million
(34 per cent) among women and 1.0 million (10 per cent) among children while people living
with HIV accounted for 1.2 million (11 per cent) of all new TB cases.
"Six countries accounted for 60 per cent of the new cases - India, Indonesia, China, Nigeria,
Pakistan and South Africa. Global progress depends on major advances in TB prevention and
care in these countries," the global health body said in its report.
It said worldwide, the rate of decline in TB incidence remained at only 1.5 per cent from 2014 to
2015 and stressed the need for it to accelerate to a 4-5 per cent annual decline by 2020 to reach
the first milestones of the End TB Strategy.
"In 2015, there were an estimated 480000 new cases of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and
an additional 100000 people with rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) who were also newly eligible
for MDR-TB treatment.
"India, China and the Russian Federation accounted for 45 per cent of the combined total of
580000 cases. There were an estimated 1.4 million TB deaths in 2015, and an additional 0.4
million deaths resulting from TB disease among people living with HIV. Although the number of
TB deaths fell by 22 per cent between 2000 and 2015, TB remained one of the top 10 causes of
death worldwide in 2015," it said. WHO said that in 2015, 6.1 million new TB cases were
notified to national authorities and reported to WHO while notified TB cases increased from
2013-2015, mostly due to a 34 per cent increase in notifications in India."However, globally
there was a 4. 3 million gap between incident and notified cases, with India, Indonesia and
Nigeria accounting for almost half of this gap. The crisis of MDR-TB detection and treatment
continues.
Five countries accounted for more than 60 per cent of the gap - India, China, the Russian
Federation, Indonesia and Nigeria," it said. WHO said that the upward revisions to estimates of
the burden of TB disease in India for the period 2000-2015 follow accumulating evidence that
previous estimates were "too low".
30 | Page
"Since India accounts for more than one quarter of the world's TB cases and deaths, these
revisions have had a major impact on global estimates. Estimates for India are considered
19
interim, pending a national TB prevalence survey scheduled for 2017/2018," WHO said.
PRESENT CHALLENGES OF WHO
● ZIKA VIRUS
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys
through a network that monitored yellow fever. It was later identified in humans in 1952 in
Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been
19
http://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/tb-epidemic-in-india-larger-than-what-was-previously
-estimated-who/54841656
31 | Page
recorded in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. From the 1960s to 1980s, human
infections were found across Africa and Asia, typically accompanied by mild illness. The first
large outbreak of disease caused by Zika infection was reported from the Island of Yap
(Federated States of Micronesia) in 2007. In July 2015 Brazil reported an association between
Zika virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome. In October 2015 Brazil reported an
20
association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly. In February 2015, Brazil detected
cases of fever and rash that were confirmed to be Zika virus in May 2015. The official report
dated 1 December 2015, indicated 56318 suspected cases of Zika virus disease in 29 states, with

localized transmission occurring since April 2015. The WHO declared the Zika epidemic to be a
global emergency in February. The majority of those infected with Zika will have no symptoms,
but for others it can cause a mild illness with symptoms including a rash, fever and headache.
WHO RESPONSE
WHO is supporting countries to control Zika virus disease by taking actions outlined in the “Zika
Strategic Response Framework":
● Define and prioritize research into Zika virus disease by convening experts and partners.
● Enhance surveillance of Zika virus and potential complications.
● Strengthen capacity in risk communication to engage communities to better understand

risks associated with Zika virus.
● Strengthen the capacity of laboratories to detect the virus.
● Support health authorities to implement vector control strategies aimed at reducing Aedes
mosquito populations.
● Prepare recommendations for the clinical care and follow-up of people with
complications related to Zika virus infection, in collaboration with experts and other
20
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/
32 | Page
health agencies.
● WHO recommends safe sex for people returning from Zika-affected zones
The World Health Organisation has said that men and women returning from areas in which the
Zika virus is actively spreading should practise safer sex or abstinence for six months, regardless
of whether they are trying to conceive or showing symptoms.
The guidance is a change from WHO’s interim recommendation on 7 June, which referred only
to men and had a shorter timeframe of at least eight weeks. WHO said the update was based on
new evidence of Zika transmission from asymptomatic males to their female partners and a
symptomatic female to her male partner, as well as evidence that Zika is present in semen for

longer than thought. Evidence on persistence of the virus in semen and its infectiousness and
impact on sexual transmission remains limited and the guidance will be updated again when
there is more information, WHO said.
WHO advises that pregnant women should not travel to areas with ongoing Zika virus
transmission, and it warned people travelling to the Paralympic Games, which starts on
21
Wednesday in Rio de Janeiro, to take precautions against mosquito bites.
● ACCELERATE EFFORTS TO END TB
One-third of the world’s burden of tuberculosis (TB), or about 4.9 million prevalent cases, is
found in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region. The disease, which is
most common among people in their productive years, has a huge economic impact. For
instance, in 2006, TB caused India to lose an estimated 23.7 billion United States dollars. In a
region where one-fourth of the world’s poorest live, TB can lead to catastrophic out-of-pocket
expenditure and cause patients to lose an average of 3 to 4 months’ wages due to illness-related
absence from work.
As outlined in WHO’s new global report on TB, a number of countries in the Region are among
21
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/06/zika-safe-sex-world-health-organisation
33 | Page
the world’s highest TB burden countries, while revised estimates based on increased
case-reporting and enhanced surveillance show that the TB caseload is higher than previously
projected. TB is the single largest cause of death of any infectious disease in the Region, and
remains responsible for incalculable suffering, premature mortality, impoverishment and
foregone development.
Geneva/Washington, 13 October 2016 New data published by WHO in its 2016 Global
Tuberculosis (TB) Report show that countries need to move much faster to prevent, detect and
treat the disease if they are to meet global targets. Governments have agreed on targets to end the
TB epidemic both at the World Health Assembly and at the United Nations General Assembly
within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. They include a 90% reduction in TB
22
deaths and an 80% reduction in TB cases by 2030 compared with 2015.
22
http://www.who.int/tb/en/
34 | Page
CONCLUSION
The World Health Organization's mission is to improve the quality of human life and health by
carrying out programs to control and eradicate disease. It serves as a direct and coordinating
authority for international health efforts. Specific duties of the World Health Organization
include promoting technical cooperation, responding to government requests for assistance in
strengthening health services, providing technical assistance and emergency aid, and advancing
work on the prevention and control of endemic diseases. The organization also works to promote
a wide range of health practices such as nutrition, sanitation, research, standards and diagnostic
procedures. It assists in development by providing guidance on health policy and resource
allocation, promoting poverty reduction as a means of health improvement, and working with
both governments and development partners such as international banks. During its fifty-six year
history, the World Health Organization has performed earthly miracles. In the case of smallpox
eradication alone, the agency accomplished in twenty years what the medical profession had not
been able to achieve in the previous two hundred. For, although the smallpox vaccine was
discovered in 1796, it was only after the WHO began carrying the torch to eliminate it that the
disease was finally wiped out in 1977. It has been working to improve public health and takle
diseases. Since its formation its members has been working day and night to eradicate viral or
control communicable diseases. It has many committees which works in different regions of
world to help people. It work for complete physical, mental and social well-being.
One of the critical tool to fight against the global spread of infectious disease is the International
Health Regulations (IHR). Negotiated by WHO members states, the IHR establish rules that
countries must follow to identify disease outbreaks and stop them from spreading. Only with the
help of IHR diseases like SARS, Influenza, Polio were stop from spreading.
WHO has run done many programmes in India in order to eliminate rabies, small pox, TB,
measles etc. TB which was one time a fatal disease in India was controlled to some extent only
with the cooperation of WHO. Its programmes measles vaccination in India has great impact on
children heath. It has saved life of many children and its programmes to eradicate Polio has
35 | Page
saved many children from being handicapped.
At present it is also running programmes to make India Tobacco free. In order to achieve its
goals it has started mTobaccoCessation programme in India to encourage people to quit tobacco.
Users of the India mTobaccoCessation program self-enroll through a missed call or web
registration service, and then receive tailored advice and support via daily and weekly SMS
messages sent to their mobiles. The program provides targeted support to help people overcome
the personal challenge of maintaining efforts to quit tobacco use. It also generates real-time data
on people who join the initiative, how they are using it and if they are quitting or not.It is a new
and innovative way to encourage people.
It is also working to reduce suicides in rural India by limiting access to pesticides. All the
programmes of WHO show its work in many fields. It has worked in other countries in same
way.
Zika Virus is the present challenge of WHO. At present 34 countries are affected by Zika. Brazil
alone has registered 4700 suspected cases. It can be only controlled with the effort of the WHO.
WHO has given many guide lines in order to prevent spreading.For regions with no active
transmission of Zika virus, WHO recommends practising safer sex or abstinence for a period of
six months for men and women who are returning from areas of active transmission to prevent
Zika virus infection through sexual intercourse. Sexual partners of pregnant women, living in or
returning from areas where local transmission of Zika virus occurs should practice safer sex or
abstain from sexual activity throughout the pregnancy.
Work of WHO is precious.No other organization has done that much work for the health of
whole world. World without WHO cannot be even imagined.
36 | Page
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITES
● http://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/tb-epidemic-in-india-larger-
than-what-was-previously-estimated-who/54841656
● http://www.who.int/tb/en/
● http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/
● http://who.int/features/2015/india-reducing-suicide/en/
● http://www.searo.who.int/india/topics/tobacco/report_globaltobacco_epidemic/en/
● http://www.who.int/about/brochure_en.
● https://www.theguardian.com/world/world-health-organisation
● http://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/tb-epidemic-in-india-larger
-than-what-was-previously-estimated-who/54841656
● http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes
● http://www.searo.who.int/india/mediacentre/events/2016/antitubercularmedicine/en/
● http://europa.eu/pol/dev/index_en.htm
● http://www.aseansec.org
● http://www.oxfam.org/en/campaigns/health-education/millennium-development-goals
● http://www.paho.org/world-health-day/
● http://www.searo.who.int/india/about/en/
37 | Page
38 | Page
39 | Page

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WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION

CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

M​R​. VIJAYANT SINHA BABLI RAJ

( FACULTY OF LEGAL METHODS AND ​B.A LLB

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY) ​R​OLL​ ​NO​.-1523

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

(Signature of the Candidate)

Chanakya National Law University, Patna

1. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 5

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

1. To know the functioning of WHO

WORLD HEALTH DAY

reports, such as the Global Health Council.

Constitution of the World Health Organization: Principles

● The World Health Assembly

● Governing Body documentation

ROLES AND OBJECTIVES OF WHO

​ROLE OF WHO IN PUBLIC HEALTH

WHO fulfils its objectives through its core functions:

1. providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where

THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

1. to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger;

WHO PROGRAMMES FOR SCHOOL HEALTH AND YOUTH HEALTH PROMOTION

● Global School Health Initiative

Conference on Health Promotion(1997); and the WHO's Expert Committee Recommendation

● Preventing leading causes of premature death, disease and disability

● teachers require training to most effectively implement participatory learning experiences

Some of its great achievements in Public Health:

● 1952–1964 Global yaws control programme

reduced global disease prevalence by more than 95%.

● WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 21 May 2003

Dr Henk Bekedam is the WHO Representative to India.

COUNTRY COOPERATION STRATEGY (CCS) 2012-2017

● International Health Regulations: Ensuring the implementation of International Health

Strategic priority 3: Helping to confront the new epidemiological reality of India

PROGRAMMES FOR INDIA

1. Eliminating rabies in India through awareness, treatment and vaccination

2. Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI)

which could have been avoided by stopping tobacco use.

Health’s nationwide promotion of the mTobaccoCessation program, which ranks as the

3. Silicosis and silicotuberculosis in India

Measles vaccination made an important contribution to the millennium development goal to

5. National Workshop on Pharmacovigilance of Anti Tubercular Medicines in India

6. Reducing suicide in rural India by limiting access to pesticides

● WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013

TB epidemic in India larger than what was previously estimated: WHO

PRESENT CHALLENGES OF WHO

● Enhance surveillance of Zika virus and potential complications.

● Strengthen capacity in risk communication to engage communities to better understand

● Strengthen the capacity of laboratories to detect the virus.

● ACCELERATE EFFORTS TO END TB

saved many children from being handicapped.

You might also like

MR. VIJAYANT SINHA BABLI RAJ

( FACULTY OF LEGAL METHODS AND B.A LLB

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY) ROLL NO.-1523

ROLE OF WHO IN PUBLIC HEALTH