LITERATURE:
1. ACROSTIC - is a poem where certain letters in each line spell out a word
Definition of Literature:
The written or printed productions of the human mind collectively.
The written works w/c deal with themes of permanent and universal interests,
characterized by creativeness and grace of expression.
The writings that pertain to time, history, country, language, subject or branch of
learning.
It denotes the works collectively that embody taste, feeling, loftiness of thoughts,
purity and beauty of style.
It signifies literary pursuits or occupation and devote one’s life knowledge.
Philosophy of Literature:
Literature enriches one’s significant human experiences.
Literature polishes one’s psychosomatic aspects.
It cleanses one’s human soul.
Why study Literature:
To understand the history of a nation’s spirit.
To discover how people have reacted to the events around them.
To feel people’s dreams, anxieties, joys and problems in the past.
To share with others the intense realization of a human experience.
Qualities of Impressive Literature:
The expressions used should be memorable.
The language should be clear and forceful.
The lessons should be explicit, sound and solid.
The selections should be of literary excellence.
Focal points of Literature:
Literature unravels people’s lifestyle.
It adheres to people’s liberty and freedom.
It ascertains people way of life and values enrichment.
POINT OF VIEW –
This answer the questions. (who is telling the story?)
From whose eyes are the events being described?
This reference to the way or how the story is told.
Note: Point of view (P.o.V.) is defined as the angle from which the story
is told.
Innocent eye – the story is told through the eyes of a child. His judgement being
different from that of an adult; i.e., non-judgmental inference.
Stream consciousness – the reader feels as if he is inside the head of one of the
characters and knows all his thoughts and reactions.
1st person narrator – the narrator relates the story where he uses the pronoun
“I” this shows that the narrator is a participant of the story, i.e. taking a major or
minor character role.
3rd person narrator – the narrator is explicitly a non-participant of the story as
omniscient objective – he sees himself into all characters, and omniscient limited
– he sees himself into one or two characters only.
TYPES:
or phrase.
2. BALLAD - is a poem that is typically arranged in quatrains with the
rhyme scheme ABAB.
3. BLANK VERSE - is a poem with no rhyme but does have iambic
pentameter.
4. DIDACTIC POETRY - refers to poems that contain a clear moral or
message or purpose to convey to its readers.
5. EPIC - is a long, serious, poetic narrative about a significant event, often
featuring a hero.
6. EPIGRAM - It is a brief and forceful remark with a funny ending. The
term epigram derives from the Greek word 'epi-gramma' meaning
inscription or to inscribe.
7. EPITAPH - is an inscription or written tribute in memory of a person on
a tombstone or in a piece of literature.
8. ELEGY - is a form of literature that can be defined as a poem or song in
the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone deceased. It
typically laments or mourns the death of the individual.
9. FABLE - it is described as a didactic lesson given through some sort of
animal story.
10. FREE VERSE - is a literary device that can be defined as poetry that is
free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm, and does not rhyme
with fixed forms.
11. MONODY - has become specialized to refer to a poem in which one-
person laments another's death.
12. MONORHYME - is a passage, stanza, or entire poem in which all lines
have the same end rhyme. The term "monorhyme" describes the use of
one (mono) type of repetitious sound (rhyme).
13. ODE - is a form of poetry such as sonnet or elegy. Ode is a literary
technique that is lyrical in nature, but not very lengthy.
14. PALIMDROME - is a word, phrase, verse, sentence, or even poem that
reads the same forward or backward.
15. SONNET - is derived from the Italian word “sonetto,” which means a
“little song” or small lyric. In poetry, a sonnet has 14 lines, and is written
in iambic pentameter.
16. VERSE - denotes a single line of poetry. The term can also be used to
refer to a stanza or other parts of poetry.
KINDS OF CONFLICTS
a. Man versus Man (physical) – the leading character struggles with his
physical strength against other man or men, forces of nature or animals.
b. Man versus Man (Classical) – the Leading character struggles against
fate, or the circumstances of life facing him/her.
c. Man versus Society (Social) – the leading character struggles against
ideas, practices, or customs of other people.
d. Man versus Himself (Psychological) – the leading character struggles
with himself or herself, with his own soul, ideas or ideals, of right or
wrong, physical limitations, choices,etc.