IT Tools Reviewer |1

DATABASE CONCEPT o proprietary multi-model database management

Database – collection of integrated data or records
Record -
Table -
Database come in a variety of sizes
 Ex: collection of phone numbers (simple)
 Ex: commercial – grade system holding millions of
records (complex)
system produced and marketed by Oracle
Corporation.
DBMS – contains info about particular enterprise
 Collection of interrelated data
 Set of programs to access the data
 An environment that is both convenient and
efficient to use
Database Applications

Personal database designed for single users on a single 1. Banking: transactions

computer. 2. Airlines: reservations, schedules
3. Universities: registration, grades
Public Workgroup Database designed for commercial use 4. Sales: customers, products, purchases
w/in an organization that has very focused workgroup. 5. Online retailers: order tracking, recommendations
Concurrency – public workgroup database, larger 6. Manufacturing: prod., inventory orders, supply chain
than personal and can handle multiple users 7. Human Resources: employee records, salaries, taxes
accessing same data at the same time. In the early days, database applications were built directly
Database Management on top of file systems.

A database management system (DBMS) is a software Levels of Abstraction

package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and 1. Physical Level: describes how a record (instruction
manage data in a database. A DBMS generally manipulates is stored)
the data itself, the data format, field names, record 2. Logical Level: describes data stored in database
structure and file structure. It also defines rules to validate and the relationships among data
and manipulate this data. 3. View Level: application programs hide details of
Examples: data types. Views can also hide information (such
as employer’s salary) for security purposes.
 SQL Server
o a software product with the primary function of
storing and retrieving data as requested by other
software applications—which may run either on the
same computer or on another computer across a
network.
 Microsoft Access
o combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database
Engine with a graphical user interface and software-
development tools.
 IBM DB2
o a family of data management products that helps
you more effectively manage structured and
unstructured data in on-premises and cloud
environments.
 MySQL
o open-source relational database management
system (Structured Query Language)
 Oracle
 IT Tools Reviewer |2

Instances and Schemas (similar to types and variables in

programming languages)
1. Logical Schema - the overall logical structure of the
database
2. Physical Schema overall physical structure of
database
3. Instance- actual content of database at a particular
point in time
4. Physical Data Interdependence – the ability to
modify the physical schema w/o changing

Data Models
- A collection of tools for describing data, data
relationships, data semantics, data constraints
- Relational model
- Entity-Relationship data models (for database
design)
- Object-based data models (Object Oriented and
Object Institutional)
- Semi structured data models
- Network model
- Hierarchal model