Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MatLab Tutorial
MatLab Tutorial
"!$#&%!(')'*+,%.-/01324-,!(#&5)6.6%7%!(,,#98&:#;8<!(0;81#&5=>@?BADCFEGAIH9JGCLK,5)#I#&K0;818&8<0;5M!('
,N#&6N0&5=-/#8<K,(#&O2P,Q!(%7R8S!3'/6N%7%T!(,#J*(T,NT8&@UWV<X&Y(Z[XO\N6N8&0&#]!(,$%!38<0;5=6N#^R8&@US_Y(`babX
8&K,%@^(!3,c8&edSfQXWV;Y(ZgXhF5)8&Kc8&K,%@J*CLK#&]!(0&!(')'#&K,(0;8*K,5=>Kbig'=W\N'R6%7%T!3,,#^j-/6!(,#&k?BADCFEGAIH
6N,#;8<!(R8<'mlch40;nb#ohF5)8&K%!38<0;5=6N#Jopq-/'=5)N\(8&KQ!38l(hF5)'='')5=n(8<K]r/jh40o8<KQ!s8*8&K,5=#o#&(2t8gh]!(0;]>5m\#N^
8&77')5=,!(0L!(')>-0<!u-Rlv!7#;0;5=#F(2*#&K0;8w5=#;8<0;,6N8&5=#x
UWV<X&Y(ZgXwy UWVSX&Y(ZgXwz US_Y(`babXwy {u|b}~Zf/}~yz
y
NlRR z:yTxmj y$jD uykz
CLK,wh](0&:Nl(I#;8<!(,,#2P08<K,I5),R8&5)8gle%!38<0;5mJCLK,9#&,-,%!38&0&5m7z$yTxmjDr,5=6Sn+#k8]6N'=,%7(J
CLK,5=,#8<0;,6N8&5=By$je0;#&W8<#98&K,TLNR8<0;lv8&:JkCLK6(%%!(,ByLz%.')8<5)r,'=5)#]8&K,
%!38<0;5=6N#Oy!(,zoJOA9')'o8&K,#;.6%7%!(,,#O!(0&0&r/!s8<5)09'=5)#;8O-N'=h JI¡w0;.5=#O!(¢,!3%r,')
(2*5=R\(0;8&5=,>7!u%!38<0;5m$!(,@#&'m\5),>e!e'=5=!(0k#lb#;8<N%Bx
UWVSX&Y(ZgXc£ UWV<X&Y(Z[X¤ t`Q¥(XWV¢Z4£ ¦ds}~¥(X1£O§v¤
£¨
#RF©
WlRR ¤Lª£uxmSR «¬5)R\GP£1 §@£1®¤90
u¯ °± ² °¯ ² °¯ §v « L¤
¯ ¯ ¯ ² °°¯¯ °°³¯± ² °°³¯±
² ²
CLK,O%T!s8<0&5´u(2q!('='Q(,#hk!(#]!(,,N8&Nl(RRW^!(,T¤F5)#5)8<#D8&K,5=0;T6('=,%7qJCLK$5)+\µP£1Dr,0&b,,6N#
8&K, 5=R\N0&#&%T!s8<0&5´¶P,0&%!(')')l5=v,6N5=%!('=#N·2P0L2P0<!36N8<5),#L,#;O¸dsV¢{7Y(ZV&Y(Z;¢J]CLK,c#;lb#;8&%¹£O§B¤
5)#I#&'m\N-+l§¶º5=R\q£1»w¤^qhFK,5=6SK¼5)#O8<Ku#&'=hh]!l(JCLK,u-,!(6Sn+#&'M!3#&K¼6%7%!(,§¶º£I®¤c,#;#
½ !(,#;#&5M!3:'=5)%5)Q!38&5=e5)2o£¾5)#k#&¿+Q!30&c!(,v,W\0F6N%r8<N#k8<K,15)+\(0;#& %T!s8<0&5´J*ÀK,N@8&K,10&5)>KR8
#;5=,9¤O¿+Q!3'=#48&K,I8<K5=0&6'),%7$(2Á£^b8<K,9#&')8<5)§@%.,#8L-/eÂÃ7vÄ)Å=JwjÆq_QX9ZV;Y(`¦gfQd¦XO¦W3{7ÇWds}bÈ
{7YsÉRXS¦§ÊYUSds}~|{u`v¥(XSUWZgdsVWJCLK,N$£G§vr,5=6Sn+#88<K,F8<K5=0&76('=,%7e(2q£^!(h4OKQ!\(9£O§v¤J
¡ON0&c!(0;!.2PWh¾6(%%7R8<#NJCLK, 6%7%NR8F#;lb%.-/'G5=#wË$x
Ë CLKc#lb%.-('=#FÌ$!(B£
!(0;7Í( ÎIXWVSXW`QZ¢x?BADCFEGA9H5=#L6!(#&¢ig#;,#;5)8<5m\3J
Ë Clbr7_QXW} f¶¦W}mYs¦S_B2P0O!T,N#&60;5=r8&5=B(2DK,h8<,#&8<K,.-,!(6Sn+#&'M!3#&K#;lb%.-/'JwCLKh](0&"_QXW} f
6!(@-I2P')'=h4v-Rlv!T?@ADCFEÁA9Hª#lb%.-('G0L6%7%!(,vQ!(%710w?viÐÏQ'=1Q!3%3J
wÑ (8<3x»CLK,I6N%7%T!(TQ!(%7w5=#]r,rN0]6!(#&I5)T8<K9,N#&60;5=r8&5=T>5)\($-RlK,')rq^-8k%.#;8L-/
')h]N0L6!(#;5)B!36N8<,!('q,#;(JA9,v8<K, -Q!36Snb#;'M!(#;KB£I®¤95=#L5)Ò0&NR8whFK£5)#L,(8F#&¿+Q!30&(J
Ë Cou,5)#&r,'=!lT!(')'*Ó,5=>5m8<#8glr/k¸dsV¢{7Y(ZD}=ds`ba(JDCLK,1,0;%T!3'b¸dsV¢{7Y(Z¦S_QdsV¢Z]>5m\N#kÔu,5=>(5)8<#]!32t8<N0
8&K, ,6N5=%!('ÐJ
Ë A¬#;%75=6N'=v!s2t8<0w!u6(%%!(,v!\(5=,#F,5)#&r,'=!lT(2o8<K, 0&N#&,'m8J
£
,#R¢·,hF5=')'µ,(8F5=#&r'M!l$8<KuÕu5),R8<5m8gl:%!38<0;5mJ
Ë Öw#&18<Kcri[!(0;0&h¾6N,0&#;0L8<e0&W8<,0;@8&er,0&W\5),#F6(%%!(,,#NJ
׬ØoÙ ÚØÜÛÝ1Þ1ßOÚ
àâáQØoÙ ØáäãGØ4å;ß1æâÝç]èÁãµÚØ4á
z$ºÂ ¯ ÔTsÄ KQ!(#Fc0;hhF5)8&K:8<K,0;c6%7r(,R8<#!vcÕu%!38<0;5m,
.é ¯ ·<Ô,·¢sÄ KQ!(#L8&K,0&N0;jhF#F#;rQ!(0&!38<N-Rl:#;%75=6('=,#c!e7Õ"%!38<0;5m,
.é ¯ ÔTsÄ Å 0Fuªz Å ZV;Y(`¦gfQd¦XS¦czB8&7r0&b,,618&K, #<!(%7
ê ¯ x³ >N,0&!38<N#w8&K, 0&h\(6N8&0 ê ºÂ ¯ eÔ$jÄGhF5)8<Kv,5)8F#;8&r,#
zâx ¯ x ± 8S!3n(#w#;8&r,#w(2 ¯ 8&e>5)\(1zvºÂ~ ± Ä
׬ØoÙ ÚØÜÛÝ1Þ1ßOÚ
àæàÚáëÛgì íàîáQØoÙ àÚïàºÚQÛæèDð
£ªéÂ~ ¯ ·&ÔTeÓ3Ä KQ!(#L8gh40;hF#.!(')h]!l#w!u#&N%5)6'):-/N8gh40&hF#S
£ªéÂ~ ¯ !(')#&er,0&b,,6N#F8<K, %!38<0;5mT£¬-,8w5=#LK,!(0&,N0L8<u8glbr
Ô$eÓ3Ä
ñ
éÂ~ ¯ ·<ÔeÓ3ÄmÅò5=#k8&K,eZV;Y(`¦gfQd¦Xc(2*£JDCLK+,#w£wó5=#L£wÅ5)B?BADCFEGAIH
׬ØoÙ ÚØãGáQèÁàÚè¨ôÞèÁãÁÛàå7æâàÚáëÛ[ãGèoô
õoö÷ø P:r0&b,,6N#w8&K, ,5M!3>Q!('%T!s8<0&5´ThF5m8<K:\N6N8&0O@5)8<#L5M!(>(Q!('
ùúµûbü*ý ö ùþ P>5)\(#F8<K,c#;lb%7%W8<0;5=6$USds`¦WZÿY(`QZ Í(Yabds`/Y(}o%T!38&0&5´$hF5)8&K:!3#wÏQ0;#;8O0&h!(BÏQ0;#;8O6'´i
%
¯
þRû jú qv>5m\N#O!3 ¼Õ ¼%!38<0;5mT(2 0;#
û /û G:>5m\#L8&K, ¼Õ ¶5),R8&5)8gl$%!38&0&5m
÷ õ q@>5m\N#F!( Õ %!38&0&5mhF5)8&K:,0;%T!(')')le,5)#;8&0&5=-8<N@NR8<0&5)#cP%!(ve!(,:\3!(0&5=!(,6j
£ ° kñ >5m\N#F8&K, %T!s8<0&5´$r0&b,,6N8w£9ñP5)2o£6!(@%.,'m8<5=r')lñu
£ Lñ >5m\N#F8&K, R8<0lRig-RlRigR8&0;l@r,0&b,,6W85)2o#;5 £Iw
#&5 NRñu&
5)+\q£I >5m\N#w£ k5m2£¬5)#L#&¿+Q!(0;!3,B5)R\08<5)-,'=
9 9
r,5)R\GP£1 >5m\N#F8&K, r,#&N,,5)R\0;#&(2»£
:<;
£I®ñ >5m\N#w5)R\Á£IoLñî5m25)+\q£IkW5=#8<#xOÇSYbUSɦW}mYs¦S_v5)#L'=W2t8L,5)\b5)#&5=(
§:ª£1®¤ >5m\N#F8&K, #&')8<5)$8<7£O§:¤95m25)R\GP£1kW5=#8<#
= Ne_QXW} f¦W}mYs¦S_$hFK,B£¬5=#F!e0&6W8S!(>,'M!30L%T!38&0&5´ ?>
@ß1æ èÁáQô àÝ æàÚ,áëÛ[ãGèÁôïàDôôØFãÁÛàÚè Ù ÛgÚ
A& "8 B8 CD$
õ ûRù £Iv5)#k8<K,ÍbXWZgXWVW{ut`/Y(`QZI5m2*£5)#F!e#;¿+Q!(0&c%!38<0;5m,
÷ £Iv5)#k8<K,eV;Y(`ɶP+,%.-/0F(2*r,5)\((8<#O
5=%7,#;5=:(20&h¾#;rQ!(6N!3,B326N'=,%7:#&r,!(6
BE
ö þRû £I:5)#k8<K, rQ!35=0k(2+,%.-/0&#Â Ä F
ù ÷ û P£1$5=#k8&K,eZV;YbUSX¨#;,%Ü(2*,5M!3>Q!('µR8<0;5=#O#&,% (2*5)>R\3!('),#
3 <G
ú ù £1$5)#F!7%!38<0;5mhFK,#; u6N'=%,#F!30& !(@0;8&K,>(Q!('µ-,!(#&5)#F2P(0k8<K, 6('=,%7:#&rQ!36c(2£
J LK MH
ì9àæâÞ1å[èoô
y
ªWlbPÔ+W·SyT ¯ j»
²Oe60&!38<N#9!uÔ7ÕÔe')%7¯ R8S!(0l$N'=5=%75=,!38<5)T%!38<0;5m
N
y:£¬#;,-8&0<!(6W8<#Ou8&5=%7#L0;jhº (2£¬2P0;%0;jh J
ñ¨ºÂ £ò¤<ÄÁ60;!38&#F8<K,¯ c!(>%NR8<@%!38<0;5mhF5)8<K@¤I!3#w¢b8<0<!e6('=,%7
y
ªWlbRW· y$;Â 3Äx]60&!38<N#9!ur/0;%.8S!s8<5=(:%T!38&0&5´
Ñw(8<I8&KQ!38F8<0;5=GP£1G©8<0&5)'£1²5M!(>ëP,5M!3>ë£I&k¿+Q!(')#F£
O
_ û öPø P£1]5=#F!u\N6N8&0F6R8S!35=,5),>u8<K, 5)>R\3!('),#L(2*£
 Sy Ä û öø £I4>5m\#k!.,5M!(>(Q!('/5)>R\3!('=9%!38<0;5mTyé!(,:N5=>NR\6W8<0L%!38&0&5m ÊhF5)8&K$£ Ê
Dy7JDpÿ2£5=#L(8w,5M!(>(Q!(')5 !3-,'=P8&.2PWh¾5)>R\(6N8&0&#<F8&K, 5)#L,(8w5=R\N0;8&5=-,')(J
a` b` `
` 9 `
k áQèÁàÚQÛÝ cåèÁô
"!l7RQTS
?viÐÏQ'=N#]!30&L8<¢84ÏQ'=N#,,5),>hF5m8<K@J %éhFK5=6SKv?BADCFEGA9H
,#;#]2P0D2P,6N8<5),#!(,#&6N0&5=r8<#JDAª#&6N0&5)r8
5)#F!7#;¿+,6.(26%7%!(,,#khFK,5)6SK%!l:- ¢N68&32t8<µ^!3,B6!(@-cr,'M!36@5=@!(@%uiÿÏQ')1#&
8&K, 6%7%T!3,,#k,e,38OK,!\(18<e- 0;N8glbrNqJ]?BADCFEGAIH Ã#O%7#F!(0&1¢!(%r'=#F(2o8<K#& #;60&5)r8<#NJ
AOÊW!(%7r,'=75=# 8<KT,N%B6!(')'= _Qds|+¦XWJB?B(#;8.32w?BADCFEGAIH Ã#2P,6N8<5),#!(0&!(6N8&Q!(')')l¼%uiÿÏQ')#^
nm
Ô
oC BhF0;5)8<el(,0hF #;60;5=r8� 2P,,6W8<5=(,#^Ál KQ!\T8&B6N0&!s8<$!@,Nhî8&Wb8Ï,'=ehF5)8<K"!(Rl¶Q!(%7
l(B')5=n3(^Qr,0;j\b5),@5)8FN,,#FhF5)8<K¼JÃ%B^#&T?BADCFEGAIHªhF5)'='q0;6N>,5 5)8JDC*¢8wÏQ')#F6!(@-/c6N0&!38<Nq^
N,5)8&B!(,#&!\BhF5)8<K!(Rl:8<¢8O5)8<(0^Q'=5)n($XW{7YbUS¦W^ Á^Q0 ¥tJ]A
#&6N0&5=r8OÏQ') 5=#F#&5)%r,'ml:!e'=5)#;8F(2
p
?BADCFEGA9H 6N%7%T!(,#JoÀK,e8<K,kÏ,'=LQ!(%7k5)#8glbrNT!388<K,O?BADCFEGAIHr,0;%7r8^8&K,L6R8&R8<#(2
?qsr
8&K,9ÏQ')OhF5=')'ë-I¢68<µJ Q0]!(:%eiÐÏQ'=F8<-1!c2P,,6N8&5=T5)8k%,#;8L#8S!(08khF5)8&KT8<K9h](0&.¸¢|b`µUWZÐds`
2P')'=h4:-Rl:8<K, 8<r,8F\3!(0;5M!(-,')#k5)v-,0<!(6Sn3N8&#^Q8<K,12P,6N8<5)@Q!(%7(^Q!(v8&K, 5=,r8F\(!30&5M!3-,'=N#J
^t
N ì9àæâÞ1å[èoô
¸¢|b`µUWZÐds` w{u|}~Z
V wV;Y(`É
uvxwzy {|~}
«¬ª£OÅR4£
zy {|~}3
M
h]!(#I,3895),6'),,!(#I!(B8&r,89\3!(0;5M!(-'=(JFCLK,6%7%T!3,,#O!(0&c2P'=')jh4B-Rl ]#&8<KQ!38w8<KNl@hF5='='
,38u-Tr,0&5)+8&Ê8&8<K,v?@ADCFEÁA9HéhF5=,,hâN\(0lÊ8<5)%78<K,Wl!(0;$W6N8<NqJ pÿ8.5=#.,#;N2P,'4hFK,
,!('=5),>.hF5)8&Kv'M!(0;>I%!38<0;5=6N#J¡w0& 5)#O!3,(8<K0LW!(%7r,')(x
¸¢|b`µUWZÐds` V Df/V<dSfQXWV¢ZÐXS¦
Æq_b=¦¸¢|b`µUWZÐds` `/Ís¦ Zt_QXcV&Y(`É ]XWmabXW`Q¥sY(}~|ëXS¦Y(`/Í:XWmabXW`Q¥(XSUWZ[dsV<¦.d[¸
u3
"
wzy {|^}
Ð{ ` L¦W sX
3 |
¸1{ w`
u zwzy {|^}3
1XWma
gyy
V wV;Y(`É
u3?
wzy C{|^}3
XW}¦X
zy {|~}3
V Df/V<dSfQXWVWZÐXS¦ 8<e>N8O!(')'8&K,0&N8<r,8&#J
{|^}
u3?
"
wzy {|^}
¬èÁèoÞ1Û;Ý à ÛàDá Ø ]Ø4ßIáïÙÊØá
"! #8 C s' <
¦ D
¨§ª© z«2¬
:8&K,1§,i[!s5=#NxD8<K, r/5=R8<#F!30&7 ; µ g;WJ
. ¢.
. .
CLK,I8glbr/!3,:6')0]32o8&K,1'=5),9-/N8gh4NBr/5)+8&#k6!3@-/16SKQ!(>v-Rl:!8&K,5=0;v!(0&>%N+8JDCLK,
,W2!(,'m8LhF5)8<Kv,!(0;>,%7R8F5=#F!e#&')5=:-,'=!(6Sn$')5=, ,JÖO#;e_QXW} fTf/}=dsZ]2P0L%!(Rl:r8&5=,#N^h45),,5mi
6!38< ,'ml:!.2PNh x
¯0°±
@6!(v%75)8]8<K, '=5),#F!3,vr,'=(8F(,')l8<K, ,5)#&60;N8&cr/5)+8&#L5=v,5mÒµN0&R8Fh]!lb#Nx
ü*ýúQù t§Á /ÃÅ jÅ~L>(5)\N#F65=0;6')#J 98&K,0Fr8&5=#F!(0&
Å´©9Å/0kÅgÕDÅ/0LÅ)jÅ
³ s
Q0B8gh4>0<!3r,K,#¾8&K,Ê#&!(%Ê!s#,#; üýPúQù P§Á / ¢J wNr,'M!36 ü*ýúQù -Rl ýPú ø ýú ø 0
û ö ýPú ø 0 û ö ýPú ø 8&"6SK,!(,>@,@07-(8&K !jN#8&"')>R!(0;5)8<K%5)6T#&6!('=3JïCLK,B6%7%T!3,
t ´ µ ·¶
¸
¸ £
Ó
÷ ö & ̪¤ Ät*hF5)'=',#;6!(')k8<K,F>0&!(r,Ke8< '=5)L5=u8<Kw0;6W8S!(,>('=FÌ ä§ ¤^ QJCo 8<5)8&'=]8&K,
>0&!(r,K:0L'=!(-/'8&K,I§,i[!j5)#k0]8&K, +ig!s5=#N^r,8L8<K,1,N#&5)0&v'=!(-N'µ5):¿b(8<N#O!3#L5=$8<K#& ¢,!3%r,')#Nx
£ º¹º» g¼ ¼ ¹"¼½b¼¾»