[(SRRATHORET - El 9 dectrcale, thts mote book tO my vespeckect teacher “Mr. Abheshekh, Agrawal” (2AS: 2020) WhO cnrtvatect how to Leary, ot Differential Squation (PDE) ; Last but- not the Lease, thanks to almighty God fer giving us the talent -to write ancl share te fruits of Me wonderful Gift wrth ale friencts, Bra & cbsh sean Here HF, ah req war Bry ot get oer ugh 13 8 gar aR HPT oe ET Ir Wi pete i noe UE oA we oR Awd oar “ingsir of & |? a err yeh Weiter aT waft wh wee HT ATE? fear e - ar est area SH AR Rar fiat a oP. wae Ser tre ooo°r @Goo0oe [S\K RATHORE] a [Sytabua) t- st Q Fomatfon of PLE i. Guat Linear POE of fice Order [? Linear by Seme-Linear Ly» Quas'- £'reor Gi). Lagvonges eQuation ty) Integral surface Surfoce orthogonal to the given surfoce | Cacichy “Prthiim for Qvatr. Lovaw eguation fartrcelor salutron, v): SMon- Linear POE Complete integral General cneegral Singular integral : Partieter trbegral meee Integral Char fits. methoel flhe) =0 fli 4,2/50 GC*P)= YO2) Caarrauts cu 2 prroy «tibr) Squatron. reclucrb\e. to orthey Ww. a Above oft the uP ripy. Courehy. problem or Sante (of eto eri, Clasefrtation. of End, oreler PLE ~~ Gnonitat fom v (haplace’ form 68SeO0006 bi). Ktrear PDE with Lonetant ceo-aghrh, Character curve 2 Equation recluerble to Lonstant Lo-efercronts aSyi), Separation of Variables (BvP] i yi Y Heat- epuation F Wave e7uatfon « Lapfare's epuatron Seen a . R¢ 4 9@0 © S@CCOCHEC COC CRELERECS 9 eC o © Ge e [ ; ~ ; Fortiol Differentak Equation (PdEJ/:— n Pbefe- : ependent vanoble = + Sndlependent variable 7, Dependent variable %L Qndepenclent voniabl, = [Refrorton]i- A portal differential equation (PLE) re a nlation between the ctefencent vonable & Cay J Qnot Some of th partral derteatrue at euery pornt CH % t= --—) - oz ote Be aml dat! Omey Le 922 ( Hore & th oefendent variable = aye g xy tt tholeperotrk van'acz }. LD yy BR 4 BR 20 (boptaces epuation J (yee ge oad (dave: egeatrn J 2. lev of Partial hifferentrat Equation ]1- Ie order Of a partial obifferentiat equation to be the Order of thy devuative of Aighest oreler occuring th the partial olifferential eouatron, i: Gp (ae y% 4 : fal: or (gz )* + GEJer ce Peake Ordev=t , degree =2 (is ave 4 38x ———__ at 7 B20 9 Oeter = 4, Agee)[EERETTORE] al» & Degree OF PIED: Yo power of bightst ovcler niative,” @ Rnown ag olegre, Of PLE: First Order PDE] 2 — N tv), Won-Lireay -) Chor pits met bad, 0”). Lepear PLE» ay. Sem! Lrreay PRE. tii Quast Ureay Pv€.~) Lagrange’s ame thoct i). Ear PRET; - A firth order poe t saiir to be Lintar uation (fF tt Ut Winey In bg 22 ord of the form Where AE Be, ge 22 , vs ga, ga 2%2 a iy one anvy f= 22 | Whire 2 It cleberosenk varsibh te, L mY te olefendent varia bie, EGR 0) yp ~x4 = Hye FX (4) ty b ere a xy2 Far Co bh ty%es Hye () pee ae @) ep eyp a xee ii) [Bei Keres PDE]:- A first oroley PDE tb sat to be Semi tinear of te C4 Linear tn fp One® beck rot meeseary “for&® ancl tb Of th. fom P(uy)P FRG = ROHy,2)/] eee ~pR®SCCCCCECEeaneceseLPOO0 € iH (AM i- eX p- ya = 2 (ore, - Ltheay PDE => Semi’ Leneav PLE, ttt). Quast thear PLE/:- A frist order PLE Us sat tobe Quast Lineav cf th tt Lineaw im pag ancl tt of the form PCG4, 2 P # AAGY,2)q = RH, 2) CHT! OU Oe) p —xyy = 23x ty? aa (iy G 22h Aas Hd CTH te QUI Linear but Poh gems, inn, thens 2 Sent threnr » Quasl Gh > [eirene p Seert reae P Koasi Pheer] [Formation © . [Metbot F]:. [By Ciminating arbitrary comtinfi]:. ket F002 abloo — WAre a tb ore Or bréeary Constonty. - . Z=guys : Wi ffennt ating parkrall, Wr Kay WE gee bf 4 x Hore? FA, Af, =o —@ 4 2 foe eI +20 —@ Etrninating 8b from@,@ arolH, Ot, Zee PC%y, 2, Ait} =o[Problem]: Obbarn the PDE ze n+ antyt+6—O, Where Q ard bh are Arbitrary onetants. [(Soketron J:- aby ff even rotting portially Wirt HB, weget gee ped Prange -s- go's fl —© x ye be age vanty —G) ey iy @, we have Pathirg thy value of 20 1? (ee) : . < ap )% : 9 o> Ce ee ae 4 Which w Lrncor PLE. pn Mind the Poe (n-aye te (Y wt+2t21 —O [Peet hire a anol h are parameters [BelRGT]:- differentiating partrally wre wey, Weg a 3% =0 Bl a-a) #2e SF =} R(A-a) + VZzp =O 4 (a) = 2p —@ @ Fi @ @ e. & @ ® 6 e @ ©OC0C8CSHSEOEHEEEvas: ccoooone 9 o Goa ACCOR CEO Pse@ See Cee eReeees ee esses e eee d coe 0) 4 a(y-b) + 9% ay 4 aly-W) #22g =? =) wo F2Q 20 y Gb) = 728 —® 7 ro Qe (0D, Putiing the valve of Oras a Ge) fro vee gee 2°pt + att + 2%=f 5 [ere ™ 3 a tt non Lirar Pore teal olifferential equation ‘ of fre order: rep Whrchare [iehiemy:~ fiirol the Pae of at! pla - a’ Jum the placece at a veons tank bh bance Ortgty + [Ratatrony:- ‘Pro general equation of the are placect at. wonstant olittence ‘a’ from the plane bshich ongin dn 4my ¢ 1% + /s0 ——_) wheres Lt mt¢nt=t —@® ai Qf O partally wert « and y ole get AL#np=0 = L=-np m*tngz0 3 Ms—ng i, A Mbp entad some (leet) at cs 2 mpa nay tne 4) 20 F on (prt ay-et! =0Problem]: kine the PLE Of alt cpheres Of ons tone radi and having “entre On the Hy plore Golukon]:- Equation of sphere having centre, at xy-plore yt (X-HaJ® t (Y-Y0) 4 zrsat —_©) Differentiating partially bvré. % andy, Ue gee LCA) + 22h 50 sv) (A) = 2p a (9m) #22070 (YM) = FL Putting the vatue of (a-%oJ & Y-Yo) ID O, we have pret gtetpataad | F [Grates orf Oat [Pablem}:- 22 (1408) = g(atay-#6)% ——O [Boket ron): - Diffeentiating partially Wire BY, We gob pap (pas) = Bt (xtayt6)* —__® 92g (414a8)= 24a (xtay#b)* ——® Divicting @ by @ we pee $= x >) apre Squaring Oe Curbing ® and ctr ureting, but ger ze (rE be Cxraysey6 gz (/-403}? ps 29x 2424 (mw Fay byl > = t p3 (4408) RF miro 600000000088 F 0H OSES RRO erence ete a aE SESYR AF af Qooe 1g c @@eeeese eee OG oood ' oo @ = PC +e} Soe Ads 3 [Pro sere] A. at} By etiminating cwbi brary Penctibnt]! = xy EOS ——D Here & te arbitrary function. [Pett - [Botationy:- differen trating por tally wrk Ay, be ged pe oth "exteyt).2x =) feo = FiCa%y) at FT (Hye) PY BI = piney) a a Now, Prk = Ax x fpy- ae ee Acs, T Amen rath [Prbemey:- 2- F (2) Solution]: Ge fferen trating portially wre oe analy, We gel fe F! (ye (2324) CE) (Pet), Fz Bb: zy- xyp > prn pays = 229- tart e Ex AE pox ayes 9 [PRER]owas yee of (FF Mg9] —O (SaecFion) :- egeb- or fp erentrating partial, wrt ™ na/y, 2 pe 0s 4 es6y) (Be) oP = 2t'CH they |. —© ey eet ates) F Cee ot! (et egy) sj gyn tyh = wpx® Cv fom 7 a [pk fey 8] Me. Wi: & (4¥jso =O 8 Where UF u nye) bee =o we O02) a biffertotiabicg par trelly wre ac and y, Wwe ger e 3 t Ue) F2L (Vi VJ =0 a SE (nt Pea) af (Ue 4 PY) © oe : e oe ug) 4 2 buy tava] 20 — ; Bo (uy tba) + Se (yt ea) a @ Ebiminatirg we ase yp we get ® e I" + pug it F PV / =o 7 by +. 42 Uy 4a fi 'y e mJ = > (Unt B42 } (vy #e¥a] — (yt que ) (% 4 ble ) = ° e ? Ux Vy F pues + Quy Up + be alta e e ® — Uy Wx — 2% Ux — Puy Bea ®@FCHKOFOOCHFOHOHBEEOBKREOCE Qemunwve __ SRGRAT TORE] Bz | Wey = wrath (Bx ¥e= Ve Pn JO= a ty Gyn o(uw) 4c a(uyw) a) (ue) p + 3 (8m) 30m9) 342) ~ @ oO Yacobian of ub wrt Y&e- 8 uy ie Us ¢ _ vy a - on Me (UY Uy va - Yay “ v2) (New) :- ha poe of Fl(uus=o bb alwayr Uae ‘ [Problem]: FC %-% y-2)=0 [Saiakon:. Here UE mee, Ue AAs ao ( La é roe Poot Cc ; oe au = a is aul 7 } = aa aoe au all ay “oe lus fay ae a4 a (Bn) ~ oe ox | eT : au au. -1 0 Ae ox a a tye) 2 Pe ap ft Oo FL, EY 2 aw =f 0 | on Oy. Put th ® wee ek pg atu,up a= 34 b ye) ! C2, x} Bates) => a + eqys tl =) [pra=t eo A ffreren Hating partially art a3 9) wehave -f te ff o-q) = BE (108) 838 (0 a}=o yok Ue Kee, VE ——— 9g (o-b) + so (iA) 59 ou ae (ia) + 2 (-4) =° To Ou ae -b)e @ 2& (-b) + 36 (th =0 Btotde OD by ©, we Ferm ob oe UN 1-% v 3 pep oad a fpr ;-p—e the ? 2 [PE qe vi Ars (81, Uy vy Me Ux vy Uz I ° Tt ° ' -/ (Dp 4 Ue ao! 2D [BAesT) Pas SCHOHGAROHHFMADROHOH AYg, i] Firol the poe by Winirating ar bstrary © ie = g (xtes*ee®, arty heny =O ue xeeytee® [Sobuttonjr. Here we neey deny a (avr =/% u | = [2 “9 (ye) We ve ge acu [ve a fe Wess alam} Fam Un 2x U, Ux oan afm) = f Ym =| anes = [oy [= [oy NO ACU Bf ated @= / d(ue) pe (mteys p $2e (22492 = Tye 3 zlatey pe (dd = 9 J+ [2rel Methoxt]..- ve nyreer Un = 2H Y = ey Yaa 2% Ux wy Ox Vx vy Ya 2H ay 22 UHFy | ty tH oe Ly FX . = 02 (mtey) © ° | =2e(orty) oxty aney ay tm | = aye) a(a J (a9) a catyt) \e us nitytearypy - a2 (ates) P Casasd (ante = abil. ire! th furcticr / y be eae plrtrte,? ce ~ at eget mryee , Ua teee aneee et mi Pakin. arb far) es roe by & 4 y [freee Gatien}: Here Ue ne Uy = 1 ote “ys! Uys 2y Yee tf Uz = 2 Un ye ME Va vy - Ye erat Ciel thes PDE by eliminating OFbrerary furchan @. gh Cnty y-V2) 0 [(BotaHon]:— Were UE MFI va n- Unt Ux= ! Woe Vy 0 %= oO Ua. -# Qe 4, uy Up Ux vy wy ' ' 0 ' ° NG RAOOMALAMMRE AAO AAY € e « « « € e e <ts aofe-! pC ea) +4 (se): 9 (Beene) 3 (Eu qe) Ao Whith & semi Linear. [Reeiarks]: ty - when Ne of Kone tant No 0k tholefendlent- marks fie 1+ : yaarables Sr thie, Ole, POE 4 FOr Gn Gag moore than One poe Of order one th oblornedt tb obborned. pore than One = iw Cy = Tx C97 cae of Crt Tn =k POE th of Ist orcltr], Co =p Unrque PoE i). Cn > In 3 Poe order ps (Chote wnrpeee,). nYiov. of ons tants No. of thdtependent varra sles, Hern Wh Ne [Psobtenm]:. Conerder 2° 49h 4 2% 21. ——O ae ee ck olution] :- Her, Gy = YIN =e Differentiate partially wrt a Y, we get 2A + 22b oo g Cu ta°ep=ro—® ae ce & “t+ 22% 20 >} cy + b829 20 —@ ¢ Again oltff partially ware Xay, WE at Ct4atpt+a%zr=0 DP s 4 p 42x20 —@® Oy (Pe esb=0 Sy [PEFRTTOT Poe ofouters., @eezeeVeneeetsoeesecoosueooua @©CeeeGesse@sales eee een anct tf We aefferentrat, portaly wrt y', eve ger a* (pares) =° @2 ce tee 9 a =) otfy = ergx Oe o 3) @ ® ® © ® ® _ ® @ e ,@ e e e e e e ° e e e OPTE0F _ [Pema aeny) = FOF (seer) —o where f aol g are tnfinilely Md ffereo lable function then POE Of minimum order func ban §atisfrect by W CF @) Uny tax = x (By) Uny + xan = HK = ee IT Ia dn = 1 - Ut. (o} Uny — KY an = HH loyed) oF olutran]:- Ux =. Ste ft! (xe?) ae ate 2 EMO et) FOP) on - u eu = $1 ed) ne tg! (yteors) [Ecry~ y'siny] ys ote U., 2 a = pi (Cnetetnel + gl ned) 0F Ry aney ~ , 2y Cyd } tte ed tm rr fl (X27 Dy Uny = FC An =) nt= ftatry) $e laty) plone tg) FEO Hore [oe SoS] = Uripuedil™ pee fl Crary) F pi Cary) get = FEI Od oy . va php cng) HE C4 yy ep mtg TD - pepe) F ote 22 _- g A2pt aac ae 7 ty ~e0] [Zt ay ie ty Laplace 27uatron. nay th TAN. Cori =22 Problems] 1) 8g (ae) = - a). #2 ght of (ft Mogey JOA ays wih ney FEO) a AMS pa-w= @9-y¥ OOOOH ORAHADEAO HO AROOOAS- po = prtay-2 a gty) ram. ays Pa 4). zz via F aly) * sn ont +b + pet. 2ey paps 202-2) . Boy, Sey sp. aii cise eR ‘3) Complede Snbegrek 4). gy. Pav Ereeckar Inte grat 4). Singular Gn bugrel 9. S peceat Gn teg ret: 2. flomprte JoReg7atl '~ Tet orcter non-Linear Pe $6404, F hajeo —O eter fomely Of Surfaces Arol thit poe then Ces Suppore ce two paver th non- Linear Fem rer —D- te a. yeomple te. integral Ze of O iF wankot matrix Me 2 Whe = o Fro Fn _ Lf Pye Pye - Hers, Ff, - 9F ae oon Foo. 2 pa! %e” Snaa ” fo sos - 2% i eesiyrne te ; 2). [General Gntegral] :— 3y2a Po In kate of Quast Linear+ Poe. ti) Gr tore “af Non-Linear, poe» ch Im ease of Quasi= Linear PDE! Consicter QuattLirear PDE 16 . Pemye) P+ @ (m2) 2 = Rlay-2) oO2.0; = er R ATER Ell fg AranRE | => oe - A aod J fagrange't auxibory eguat'on & R nel this td egutvatent to Simultoncous 2guatron. we foc tuo (rolebenclent Setntions then Here Beneral Solution of the. form plyvj=o cov, tee gles or, Ue gel iy Incase of Men tiprar PP firally orect Com ple be Inkegral For this , WO he the Complete Integral COL) fet F C98 arb) = © Here tee? b= Pla) or a= pte) + Comple fe Integral I F (uy, &, 4, Haz - now, freol the Eovelope Of thers , which 1 fourel by TE So _ Bn y2, a Yal)=0 O Gro! gE ermrnak. ‘a’ from Gnécgaal tc the Envelope of 906 + Gereral surface, And th Green by foramety family of Jie GF Plate k deperte on cur whorce , thn A00%2)=0 te Lallect A Portreutor integral: @eee ane c 2 @2anee " Q9OeaeAnS@B@EF CX BBE C 229.8 oF noternlecliget itis cance’ . co4p Dingutor Sotegeet] Yer envelope of two > paeorutty Convider the. PDE F004, 2, fra) =O —O fomrly of Surface: compieke enbegrat of OK Fl RwE, ab) Ho —© DIff. por trolly Wr-é> a gb, wehave Sf 20 2 29 J—O ~ on “r Eliminate a anol 6 from © 2, eepst- +, Singular sotatron 4 piven by [PRR aT=B Envtpe, fH elle the gruen Poe che alles! Singular Gvlielros. Remark] :- Hf Puation t& not of fhe Corraute fom Hen we stant flr complete, thtegral 40 easly or Lomplete integral & not given then We Solve aingulay Solution of eguation O f (4 2, br) 20 —O by this methoo Firstly we find # = £p20 —O Ht = f4 20 —O 3 Eliminate py fan ©, @, wI@, weg [fe%a=3]—®wow th adetrtion Hf uation @ sabirfies equahon Q then we say GH, Boo wb Singular Solution anol tg dou nok satttfy O thn Singutar Sotubon of D oes mot exret 9 & [Sfeetat Integral] :- None of the ory Of the above tyfe- Such bolubrong Cre alle special ntegrals [Prcbler) :- Preve that- z= an ty + atest te compiele, (nbegral COT) uf L546 fF. 00% PA) = B-pum dy — pa® 20 —D BataFion]:- Here PIE Ae prtey st prege we of the Clofraute form oo ‘ Com plate. (rbegral 1% z= an thy Fats] [OR], ee Fm, ,5) [ro anthy + ate he fr C19, @ % pb) aw-tby path 1f lomple te of © F xoek rk of Me de M: Fa Fra Fa Fe Fre Fye n+t2a t oO = | ¥42b oneal FOma& Hence provect. chtegrad[2] EO bs Complete integral of O creat Inkegrot ]?— Given b=vI-a% Pat in @, cre we and fi-acy tT —© Fhot envelope Of thes | oe “(-)_ oy c0 =30__ eis ety 7 4 Tra area put in & \ pe Oat aston : jeats otyt wm . ne 2 x(a) =a (atey4) dye (4h ] ae e) On squaring ; pe gee 4 ate oa a(a-)es o& ao eye 2 pen caer (89 3 Ljterss ope it Sate Yi th genral ep trtegrat of D 38 a) one . OL ge an tay + ore lary) ARAM Be ya y+t4aco Now, ae =o p Be = Opes = AG — Oty) y . a© CHtY, L — _ aeenty) F407 (a4) J 3B Ez a. a + cy — (a + ze ? ~ apices th the requitrect povliceator a) integral. Singular In tegral [3— Ze anthy forse gz-0 F af Ia 20, saz-# ytigco J bee Why OMBHAKRADaOAFEARABE EO NI AMEO FROME CC wth tt the regur'redt singulow theegral.MAAN AN AAAS Lf NET DEC-2006 * tot [Tacher]:- rnol the, Singular (ategroad Of B pr etbyod @ Fem hw cate) (a) B= 7% cates?) ere oN Cotes or Be O8FYY [ek singular (ntegra? OFO ze Alay) az . pr 2An 2-9 = 2A 3B. =P 1 Spee y put tn @," we ger Batty — 200% 2aye— 4otntaaty =o yA cata) ~ ak (alty’ Jeo eo p Crtey (44448) 20 Hore ether AZO OY F490 29 5] b=-g Solution tt etther geo or Bad. crteyt) za patoys byeh C Clairauty equ?) flan a, pe) = Bm pam ty BO # =0 , rane > atepe ? Yt tg=oPrakmy:- ).. Shoes that (Gen 24 (yy) tg &: 7s ee integral of ae(vaptsat] ct DO iat b= 24 ( Hien) Bind gertrat telefon Alto fired the Singular cw tition = BCH, 9,8, 0) f PUmee i9 wi). Sette FON]! [Jotun represent the ee Fo Fina Pua. re = Fi, Faw Pye = on £(4-a JC “kh oO | o fy-bSC 0 m2 eee Ceara a ” lo -o)%t (yb) 4 2 ucomple le, gotution of D Ff my, 2, ah) 20 reAresents the comple bt, fr O wnte grat ~ b= Ra . a PF (198, 0,24] = (a-o) 2 (4-20 )%¢ 24 —@ POMOC HAANAMOE A ABPM@ECOImMEECDD => zyeattatanaty Qe gqatidyact BE ao = Vlas Cs) FA(9-20) CY =O oe Bo sisi Ce@er2oand “ 5 MOeeoOoceoegotoeosoeo0nerc @@eeee82eeGeReoeoeoseeoseeooeese ee ees [ERRBTHORE] 3 ma $+2y-4a50 . > addy = a =) as ate o Put the vatue of 'a’ to @, have penne yavtny= [C22] 19 peep yD #221 =0 ad err ay “e 5 [Gna oe ba woe] Singulag In Singular lution FH %, ab) = (49d Lp lyebs party ao > Mra tit). BF = s) pa) Ci) 20 r o =) gla-a) CH) ofso = . aly-b) e260 a JS so 9 zi Ax DQ Fone) = zt a The TegUredl Singular Golutton,Probler}:— Show that- Z= ante +6 tntegrat Of Part id). bra Cpven}. “te. fivoct [Setatro5]: -).% ofxtg +b)= Filmy, 8, as)" he homplete thtegral eo ee axte+s of the Poe p Heres Complete, th begrod a “ge am tby te - Wire 4 anol J abso a) as 0 Eten ie (CD me Fo Ya Ps yg ~Ta- a-Yge t 0 POMEL Claanby up. Fly 2,45) = Find Gs. When bra o —z faxnty us a firnch general slutyor i gin gular Cnbegrat [sirgectav Solution get A ante BURA =e . & given bare wlatect by Fla$/=0 L th te a9 wemplete wy bm Qo i] s @ e| c & . ® ° c « « e e e « & 6 eo e. e e e a e | { | { { i (e2receeeesteocos OOo eee B (my Base cZ4an tt pa a feo? - =O Bere D Boge 7! >) adie Me F Fa B(my¥,%a)20 sy Be ant at Ye 2 ZB = Ant tye qd k= art(ut} FY a far> artxt) #Y jaee oye ts 3 azrey grate ty% (Tquanry botherela] Bee ie at ae ay (ntr} >) 2 wii), Singular Solution] Singutor tbe gral Fe (my, 24, b) =O DB tant sg 4420 Robe ae eo) see Bon nok porsele a OF > G2 [eg] (A610 vet reratt} Ce wre hos Bo gingulor, Solution. | Glues equation:: : RIGRBTH ORE] Ds Sm SHRATHORE] agrange’s uatton [Pa* Pay, e) p Ft & (Coos a me. Ppt avert GeagwentSolukion @ of te form ¢ of U- are two 4 (uujro or aa glu) or vegas * 1. golution of the Where Um S/muttoneous_epustror da = ty = SE -P a oR Yk & alto Latleol [Ragrangel Peedlry Cpuaton| LOTe ‘e ee ee . [Prebiern] Soi, [ pee." Eforaing along Ra, fp (1 pe) + gtee-) pe) $a (42-14) ie y (ay — pa) = (Bx- 43) g h(tY- Lagrange’t Ppaitivory @uation Os . ola: oly = a2 ae = —qeryn panty EH PA as or .. 9 OCOBFAROOFHRHOHOANDGOE ARNEPee ,O0 S600C000C © SOP OelOaS & @eeeeeeSeeoeoeeeseeeeee © 5 3 a “ RATHORE] ndnt gdy Fede TWA — pye FAgH— TE FP dye mda _tyoly Bch = Lo o TE-Pe gan t yoly ft Belt =? us, xerytetteG dada ft Badyt role Ae BS hE i An 3 kdad part ree = 7 0 Tg-RE J WE adda f Payt 72 =O a Mat REF TERS 4 oluus=o th solution of O whe us x4eytee?=G we 404 BYT TENG = Ax 1g - fe = tt Type bos,NET [ProbierOl:— Yao generat solution of fhe eguatron 2 a2 2 eo) ee eT ye ae 2. ae var ype age yore Pd __oy te given by P (ui J=0 Where Ux Y%2)=G & UW 22Q_ are. geen by —(ateye) @ yo = tnd x(A) us nny . we do ge Yyk — = (ey ef OG or ua wey pA uw pant nteyt) ze E : Logron gets aactliory eguatron it of 2 = BM eee ey —_—Y onda fey 20) POV EGIEH $0 OfHon @) arc! © cbsearta- od COCO OFHAARDRAEEAYVROETD DBEELBK ROTHORE] B3) From O anol ©, dx ~ fz oo yee" [Frsbiemp:— > *9%2 = OF & Bouton): dx . oy = de He ye GFW Ee bin HG 2 oe aan et aa dn 4 a ce G gy toga d 4997 = toga + Log A= FG 2 jus @ =4 Now, dana) = off > danoly = at meye Qty Je atwh Cay) Cpe =} gandy de ny Zz =) Hag lay) = get ee DP Ory = BO wt Gentrek Gof $C, MB) AProblem p:— (Y-2) Ux t (Ba) Uy + (rd) fe =O flies ed Indlefercen [auton ot = 4 = 9% = ae yy a aleperetent TON pa oO dat WytAe oh yee fem fp my © dnpolytl® — dy ae 3 prow, dat Yoy FEAR nda ydy pede 1 BA BY — BAF IE 3 adn pyey FEIE = by ° on ag gr 42 ne a Loe Dw. 2 NL y te ytyate te prtyte =e] Where G=2e a aveo Glue] aa bare, wel] te ww Wd a a i are i) ws ® a @ Cc c & « e ¢ € « e € e ¢€ « e e[Problems]; cos (atysp Pt sin (xts/a = 2 Banko ot = — = =e ET Stn(aty) dxtoy. a & oo (xy Jot orn taty) prea) oot = ol “dewey BB ; wrtaryJPsincats] — & ae dep + ob SB on (Eg J J tga + tog [See le-% Jot) 3 pe [ice 249-7 J + ton lat an4dy = aly “Col (ty) of sin (xty J Goi (at) — Sin n-9 J Os (x44) — Sin Cty) a OM Meaty) = fOr! fos (49) of tol aty) DP dag [000 (x49) -t0in(a ty) T= 9 FAG a q 3) wor (x19) # SInfaty) = Ge” HH 3 fe [eostuty)-€ sin( may}eT ‘ha, thtegrat weurve of the: epuation [Problem]: — 9 nb p#eg = 4p coh (Oxy) Ore GEO NT of the, surfaces the tntertectron [re + coh (exe rr ax-Y =G 0 Hroy se Cyt 72 ° 1 Lat coh Crys] "= & SX G “Om (1 F eosh (ey) ] OP" = Cy ern b= & Oy xe eG (Bee (ex-yJJe" = & dz a dx OY = GS —______—_ PSS Ere te ae 2 fath (20-9) gry Get dx = Ge aa S24 coshG a dog [se + cosh G ] FOG oe ww = tap f coh (oe option @ tw comece lant, PMA awl va ORBOOCHRRHAACMARABEE DD MEE CoS o® ce ve [Prokieag:- ton p + fony.g, = tana : ‘ .° tox. tory ton & de : tanx tany cotnaa = coty oly Integrate ( ; ae Cass 28) = ye tye , latest eet Fas 2 + Sokution & #63 e @ dag (sew) = dog (sing) + 40g G @ 7 pe eee cinta e 7 sired ‘ Sin& y =) Solution tt “sing ) =o | 7 ® | __- e [Fickle] 1 tran. (yt at nb) b 2499 # 2x2 =O @ GokutOn)'— __ 2% _ aw = de a yettont ~ Lexy Tae ° ae ae _| aoe vet tof le @ oa M94 wee WS_ gnyh gyge 2B =) bay = tog? +-409G, e | 7 a er @ J ys 2q FOF) pare = 8 ? f=] J daca t eycly #9212 _ gp ® (atte) e 6 e e @ COOCCOECOOBOCTO00N ES& RAE YW BD | [remem]: (9° 227) bt byt andy) a = gCtnsd/2 Beeuton]:- _dx = oy la ay>— oat 299-489 92 (xd yom = oft x (8-298) “9 (29H) 92 (ney J . o 2j of oly ot AR PH apap m * + +-— si RAGE Pl = = O | P-wk4 ay M4 gay” : dy dz <0 @ 4 ae at ae c 3 Aogn + 0G + f 092 = 405 | = c : : . obs e ay = Pan 2 ay tay € e 2 (ay 4-39) ole sas ‘ My = 89a 8 Nn = Hlyt—sa3) Mob trace, c Spy (ay2=23) dn — 1 (99 2a8Jely 20 7 ree oe = Ht +4 2 - MntNy nyt —xty —ytx fonty ay tt yak < a : = Hy Cy) € et ad eo e1ag.eoaood ais RE RTRATHORE] 5 [Preble] :- (a3 aay ¥p -£ (yStaa%y 2, = 2CreyVe [Botctrorp:— 7A ty oft wo say ytyaaty gineyeye@ > Ry x éntpauh) wCyte ant) 2F (xPtyYY) ox dy 22 as w+ ob 2 =k aed agree yee ante €latyey J toga ¢ 4097 —2toge= 4096 eat eye : ara 4Facaty) ay ar-y3n3ay (a-¥ J daty = dxndy. (aty) > (aeyy> s) oto =n x A a me eee eee ee ° [ew ewe ‘ Solubion Ig f f a 4 Otyt f - nar) are ee = oe ray(ntyJ—n2® — —Flx(nty} nn] Gaemy)e a aatdy we a “ro, my (aty)— ng Lx(aty)49x> (4x oan tey TEs — caty) (Ear datty 4 = ? APY y & — Ao 4 dag nt) AMEE a lads 4 yey fade emnts ot yor” ~ boty — ahaa rere Anda 4 mydy t nel? =O » [etm ines] 7 a 1. [f [acen, rered ] a the regutrecl fotuhr'on. | | 1 pm eaCuua 2) we & e @ ¢ € 6 e e e € « 6 © e. e e oe e eae rao OOaTAgeOF ee eeeeeooeeeaen Preblem|]:- de (oxy-sJp F (2-227, = B(r-9=) Botahor;- dx = SY = o@ Oxy -L 2-2ae 2Cn-y2) da ada ty ey i AC x92 J apy — Rt BAS nent yaly _ oft 7 =Car 3G Z anoln ¢ xy ely # of? =0 1 7 yehee F [Pt yet 2 g/] aa ft ot a 2 _ oft E+ = ore ante ME da + lt a B+ oly x2 ole oly =0 3 ae (ar 4 a) + ly + pela 4 nde 4 oly 0 of (x2) 49 =O > 1 ETERS, ITY Qvhith tt regurreef Gatuhion. zlProbiem]:- t?r? a ntyte a er ytd ent arty owes we dande = tend da-dt = = Sey ed Sal eee vaping FE too, we gee a =4 strerlarty =G, TR =% ergs ee ae ee 3 (atte +H) at} - 4 Ay Carytet ey) + 3G (y= 4% C @@ ® g oo @ 9 @@ 6,5 % @: * | Beet oe a @ enn CAA @ 5 &¢® — (2, e [SR RaTHORE] Es] ° . ce reblemy:- px (wey) ay CFI) = — Ory) (2xtey te)” Oq (Batali, on = cy ce € . m(aty) —ytmrty) Ory) (240g Fe] °° _onidy a da—ty -® rd) 0-9) (ary CT ce 3 5 (aty) a (aey) = Qr-yJ oft} C@ 5 wyt= Gu teg! _ eo gy. MSG ee at any + 6! : : 3 tyea! - > 3 : ga tely sch oe wadypoe pee o@ HOF TY) YORE YJ —CHY] (in-Feye zB) eae eaicaeere > Sredy tee = Belial Cie © ORT J Mt type ant) Loneeay Ory) ox) : ntyte Jy of (uty) Alt 26 &@ 7 Car) + Ge) o@ . = ee bog Carty) + 409 Cety42] = 09 3 R44) (AFE4FE) =O Cc > @ . ° (1 He Feguyred gotutron.[SIG RATHORE | [4] preterm: (x?¥y")p Panga = One [Soturory:- dt _ = oy 2 de aepye ay ney duty = dt try trey ats datdy = A % a ——_—_ 4 rye BT J wt ade (ay) Aog int y) = Mag & FFE, > (ay) = ge® 3 ee 2 a du-dy pow, aatdy = —— . ory) ee 7 as 2) Oty)” = oy) ai — atk =} , , 4 oC 2 nty 7 1 = & =) 2 aa won It Salubon tf. -—- }=o/ Act att, = ao = f (ye ary ,PPMAREBAAN THR BE. ae @ Vy Re ae © « e e e s @(ue for NET AGRTE EER RATHORE] G9 Jntegral surface: Paisrrg through the given curve 7! for), [Cauchy's blem fox 4ttnear POE | + Pht ag=R ——O Pind the 2guatron of surface which Sabre fret 2quakon @ anof passing -through - the terrve, {reel 9d, BCesp. Setuton of DO Whee U4, 2)2G C44, 2)=6_ . fnfter—pasting through the eure { x68), yt), eles} (Ne . Ploeg leg Now, find. 9 rtatton between & Ane! G Sb g CG,4)20 Ano then putting the value of G WAG , We gee He required (ntegral gurfaces[RE RET (e¢ . oe nu peter]: Ye generat Sotubion Of PDE BL 4a =e sac! — G passing through the eeurve net, yset, Ure my je Pub tie vaiwe, of 24919 ee [Teal the grien optron then pir 2 opie @* corer: anty . . (ce) _ © GB wo @ = ay = de Bouton: gx = Y= ox-dy 20 =) POYEG = da — oft 7 gee eu yp x 4499 o = Lek te ACE] Se asace J ere Ue plv,) errs POI) — © Ute tnttral ondlytron, y amet, urt Die eeaae have the a rtm yct-2t) (tie t= ot) F glizet pinj=eX] Pilea a \ Vy b eee 22 BBL VIE aan mame nrrneee& tion of Gatsehy's problem BOTEOF Let Urs) be the Sol Pachlem|!— XU HY = Z Ulme} =249* | xe ' utes) =? Also, yo dee Us ye 4H ve ble) - yous 6 Cue?) Use ulo) = ehegX o- atogu = Ford p- otog% = pow Solution tt yu = —2hoy (107) Put ace, yet Je Yles} =, 2 Aog (eet) > utes) are eege) J BteTEID,OATE-09 [Prblem]:- he. thtegrat surface of y ae #® pee a the Uurue 22 = tye ¥ Ketnt ys ttt Zs ae ye [Trek]: Por fhe vatue of, #9, 2 (nthe giver oftton 208 ye then’ spre © a byt Lorre mee eye) alaHOn]:. Sotto got the type (Tat method) ee my eal neyy™ NOW, xY= eee 22 492% ays 2b | aty : ntyra -4t « ae my Farwey ey . ae a) tte EL BIETA faee sf 4h (sey Bigthteinccics 6. cessed a a a w he a c c & . @ e € 4 e e ° e € 6 e@ ‘ ® & e eo ° 2.[ER RPTHORE] —4b=G & Potten GED er cee =} gh yee i 7 oy aC 44 g’=0 2 Sp Ke +4 (ty) =o Problern] }- Riincl the (ntegrah gurface OF fhe Lrocar PoE x(yete)p -y (ee) d = (ntyt) & passing though the “ure atyeo, 22h Botakony!- _ol ~ wy at x(yere) 9 (FR) (hy ze nda tydy fe bret ate pF —9't (eyt) 2 ndxt y oy At 2 ab a) (eet (tte + yr ag mayts 2Ghap way G 40% de (aR ge[50 dn, 2 Be ere ee 5 — (xT (byte S d: a d® =o. yA AE PE 0 dog x Hog y -# Lope = 409 3 Pavametn’c 2quation of- the giver u arty 222 =G NL aR S 4 @eco .MA CUD curve ft,-t 4 —& Ue we aye ee ey eseaHg Bg Gath | _3 qs 2082 oe alee 2 -2G72 > 4 3) 20192) -2 = wtpyt ee 3 [ott9= De poxyeFR=O JArs COOH CHAHMAAHE AISay) [charac tenistte Curve]iz (Sem. tree Of eguatron og fhe form Peas) p+ ame SRM 2} Solution of “wherac kenistre crue goer by oa = @ Choracknichic Equator (eo On aoluing / VK GF Choractenitte wurve* GATE-06 [Fisbim]i~, Consider the POE u— Yah = ae wR uw i). ‘he. ucharackenstic urve for the Above eguatr'on th Cy) plore are A) Straight Lire eth , slope 4 ay Strarght bre With slope —4 Var Circle onth centre at origrh. o) Cireee ouching On Yn anrs anol cenbreel On 9 -anik Ww Gf utr y) tb the Solubion OF above epuatron cot u(x) = Sin the. ‘i $n thea Hol wt &) Lele OF 4 & @ = he. © H° OF ree 4el cM OOF XZEMOAC TIDE OCOIBSK Ls BD.HEKUYE [SeRROTHORE] i dae ly = oly [saterany:- tt ty it ———s = gl n= Ped GS _ gentsy?) —— ® ee : we Ugo Uma) = SIM EH — 6 16%x/n) = dent)[SR RaTHORE] hh. & gp tt) = Sin Ze SE t Use tie tn &, We have a -%. (mR Be : oe ings ay Put tir 92 VoL _ sie yk “Th, 5 =e —aleal eG Ns, ot = _< ___— Bee 5 Stn T/4- 7 Utne “) /4- ‘ Zt) a 2. HE ul#ra) = om Tet e 3chlem]:— Th whoroekerss tre are @ eaponentrat acuvive ater expenr fret ucurue Alergy @ Tavth X: wer Sra ght Line, atony arth x alerg (dy Strarghe Line JotuFon] :- an - OC = fe TT + a [EA ¢ ey ° ¥ Again of PLE ae 424 =u x y which treme? : cops tants chic tl Vares Lincarky whith Ul vanes em, porentraley / cchich Of remains Kons Cont» EY & ww a OCC HOD @ePnA Re FOC )BeeOECC awa |oO O060060 @®@eseee@eeeooe eo 6@ [SKY RATHORET BS Pam]: Frnt the, eguation of te. Sunbiace Ny 7 Oneegral Surface 4yep +atey 0 a posserg through the curve yeas , xF2=3 Buaro}'- = = * 492 at ee : LH ay dy Hd2 =O 9 yee taq da ade 2 dx + 222-0 oy» 3 — = Problem 1 Bink the equation of the. gurfece. (th heg ref Sergoee) pening Horregh serherrg (oxy-U Pb of (e- 2rd = acrya) ying thvugh fe ceOV & fea net YEO ff = oy = [Sather i yc, eee orgy 4 2e=Y u= we aety = Ae ce pastes throug h (49%) 7 : 3G: itt eGqret a G? . 3 g =the 3 artytFe = ada ty) c= tt meaty fA 9g peepee eda A tntegre £ [Prebrer]:- Kinet the eguatror Of the, tur face ( (ntegr gurface) sabrifyrg py leap + rag = 9 (29-3) & pasing thrcugh the luave zoo Nteyhm ae [fotatiory:- 4%. = Y= eh ey(2-3) 2H-E ¥Cex-3) — 22 a 2 Ada # SIA FTG = aye Cy #6 32-2 CRCORCMAHRAAAARE OADM E CARMA EO)SE Cuercnans eeaeoeeece n 3 * [BRRATHORET fal =p adn t aydy —Bedle =O 2) aa ayo =a 4 aE] da toyey —2Me ae ThA PPI A AY 7 olat ayoly— 2de 70 Us aesye 2 ay ye atyh 22 HG Aa (parses through £=0, ays ox =) (xe g=axco| ge xbesyh : cae tec tnaey’” @ OS ee ax-ey 3 G-262 ahsyh on 3 G-2G 20 Pp GEtQ & 3 nt sytets oat wide 9 ai 3 wet ae Zh 42 [Ans Which (& Fepurreol thtegraf Surfare. posting through 2203 xy 0% ‘ (ARR een FaIORRATHESE] [S:KRETHORE | [Prebler];— Frnef the tr tegrat surface Sansfyrng (et 2a)p + (ore feyat2ay)% = z(240) 2 pasting thovveeg br the, LUT yro , BE 40x: or (e424) Ke bey e pay (aa eae dx _ oft a ae a 4 L(¢-% | w = glere) a da = (-+4,] 4 9 oC (z 4.) : ng x = Weage — MGR FBG OXGtgc) = “«& Tae Pann faye F eay ee ft dat ZCrata) 2 ay 2 ai FIA) et ne 7 2cey) (149) aca) 2 dyed = 2 : HY) = a toga F409 O. Log cxFy) = d= 3 Cm ) OORAAEAMAMAHFAREABAABAGE OE VNDS-K RATHORE ous a Cota =G 8 Ve FY ng / 2! . ze and rt pause though =O and e= £9 % =, *fe 2 = = 3 @ =A a et ge 7 8 Fay =) 79Q=4 #. = 9 +8 (e)> 3 tat Which It Tegeer’reot cneegral surface passing through Ys anol Za Foxs Binol the (ntegret surface Satisfying = ae 4a c® —— Prebieas):— ; ce = (apt ye) (xtey% a") = ate) od and. passing through thy vue a aege | Mees 40%, Cy rary: npese) Cotyytaty = ® (tes) : Lg mye = ety a ety Rat paper a vy 2 (re Lo aia gtat Ang n = Aog y + A209 G 3 [Er Now, dx tly = a2 x (attybaty Bc atzy } etn tyes ale fe Cth} (atiyhaty) ~ Sotyeh ly ycxtytal)[SORA THERE | 3 ade t SAY of (yee) z aoe atrdatyy) = wl rda ty atl = - 4 (aby tryk o& = oy (% ty at) aaa) : Tr epyh al ; natty = 97° = ¢. 7 are =o] _ _ - bat grt ue 2ST og 2 us & et lye gah jug through *2RE A WAYS £0 are ot fe Cae, SE, H) is parorreterc apacecbion—te - (et, avant)» anol WAU pastes through thes 4otat oa cee =G anol ane ploge - Log Cy 2G pie . o oe o eee Gh and S85 aq a) the 8 D aoe . tt a nat . . & at 9p M@xrH—=6 | fe" FD ay sagt op ae Ca¥ 2 G3 ee asysve@errs»aee es VSECDIG SEC DDE8 (SR: RATHORE, 3 gytet ext (xteyhat) a—3etxt Lot =p sett gated =x (mY EO) go feet otwds ne Cnty at} fF Aas LI Which 1 -reguirect integral durface, posstog through y= 22 ® met y te tak . BATE 08 [Probie]: ‘tre cehorackenistre _vCerrves Of Dy ttt RFI Hy 20 parsing through (0,0) mee) Ce) @) yt=e Cet— x44) ©) yr= 2 (er 42-17 ow) yra 2(e"txts) (etatorp:- ax = At = ay ty andy ° =) ey old = pats as) ay oly a dn - cr te = 2X ) Put YF Fay oly = ol “gt yw = ox os ox 7 Nps o* werk sfere*da +e » a) vie% a exe Xs focky ¢ = —oxet gerte ey 3 3 Veh = Lang cor) YS mame ot ce oO - o-o9+¢ + Gat]ga [Preble]: ~ Find the trtegral surface Sabifyrng, "ye : xep #9*4 Emo & passing through the, CUuTUe : anys KFY pact 2 ce a un gn = ee ae at fi a atte “ —— ly = ot e a L4G 3 -t =< ¢ 2 i A+ 3 Qa y. Zz - put @=4 . ahaa Regen aC ee ¢ oy cP Ay t a+ fehl = ae CeCe yes Le <3 4 G4gs (Fe FF Gta ; Late a ero) ee 4 a i @ & a GS @ @ e —e ‘ 6 @ ¢ c € e e C @ @ . oe ° e \ i- [ER RATHORE ka? Wa Baan? SU font Condition fer Quasl Lirear Equation]? — conciter PR FAZER —O . py vate of XAbE=O fer Hols), Yolt), Z(t) —O Ly Giibiwt Joitial lata Curve (roc) ars) PCs) ry, 0 D=| ae Aye. _ as ods pis) = P (068), Sol, ate) ) there ae : . ait): & (ls), Yt), 2ol8)) Ce Aen equation O with To. © hag @ Unrgue Sofa. be , Ba be ~ of Azo then We uantt say anything. ©. - oP - Remon: ; Pd OD, af thvtiat data verve (IDC) worrerel/ Poreltes ©8 with the chorackertstre curve then the ©8 given uurve Ads thfthilely mony sgolulions + ce : ee w. ual Urvar eguatren chor ether anrgue $o/2 Ce or tnfinilely many Solutions. oC 2? o® oe ce & oea [SR:-RATHORET = ‘ HATE-03 3 [Problemy:— “Yhe Cauchy's Preble Ua-ty=% arth 3 Cauchy data 7 fei (8 28) [re %el2% dé yolt=-$, a es] fas : @) One Salufion & ; @) two polation’ = (qn golutron 7 ar lofi many’ solutions j [fatutron]:- Here P=, @i-L, R=% € fri $, Gs # pts} gts) AS e axe yo, _— de ae UL > |i up Horn we can't gay anything. Here 2=0, [MON, dt = ay wi =r atye nye ga Chorackenttre Curve a a wtys stro Toe > i BATH Aer RATERSore-0¢ [Packie Yhe Ture Ua uy ek WEE) HSS CSET hes (ay. te foletions ey Unrate Golution (C). no Soliton . sn fiitity Many Aodectr ore. (o [rim Hie Pe Ae et 2m. , new (GS) eSin$ prs) ate) KL SS SoS A= | de ote As ds ey aed WY EG I har Carve RQ Hye hhaOd roe a Bafloitely many solutions] pre_suurfoces) oe tan @ frome S 3 Suppose, We ore a gurfates finy,a)e © —D ara We voish to frock & agate of surfaces bobtch Cur each of there given Surfaces at wight The, normal at te, point OU gurface of sysem O uhrch passes through. the cbrrection wratro’s gr by that poiot” te 2) to the’ angle" (naa) = Ce fm fe ) gp the gorface Be GOI! cues oan gurface of the ger by ster orthogonally then Piet th -f2 here (Ag, 2) ore Quirection ratios. of the weface Be HOI: mormat to + Let gre [There ave tnfior tly many durface J. [for ctitpevent vatues of C, we get befferene Sorfacer. J. rete tho reperrecl durface C14. Whthe orthogonal to surface @} tt geny) each Saiens. £1 DEC Q2ae 6 @. Oe SOCARASC ANF VOEONVIBMAEC ID0s Cfnrty, fe) [SR RBTHORET are oltreetion rakio’s Cf fly eae Birectron ratios of F= gong) tar by) we ortho gonad | Ard ag thee 4 A fy on t + ty by -— fee? wy y . Vv ich Tt ovfbogoned to [Pre firnd owt gurfore we a syatem of surfacet (ney = (sett) and paste Ebyough the WUE wpytet , Ba —@ (costs tint 15 [Setationys- Giver equation vean be written as tye = = foe ao c oO wy dur fae orthogonal to gruer Quy faces tt give by vo da oe fa - f= 3, ' fy2 By, 1 fe ary) (enensa | (Qefy® es (chee) (aeeey™° dX - oy a+ ce eae - — Yset8 Cr axt1) = = #BHI ya a IK = dy aay 3 PoE]. Oa a (setilee een? nos 490 = Ber (ed wep yt 2 Be FBLG jaate o IROL aR MeR Ke | 3 anol (E posses fron et tt gre =o ¥ Ga ¢ 4g wee which & He regurrecf surfaces cast =SIPF EG find the Surface tihich & orthogonal rtm ea ony Cnbty?) the ty perbate. (Pa): fo cre prvceme ter chick padres dhncugh. are! x Ton]:. Given eguation lar be wwartter ay fe wyOtryt) 24 2 “4 é Now, surface Crthogenaf to giver surface & giver by G w @ e c € & © e e € . « ©fz eentestloey en) = ¥ (eaten 2 2 jy Teeter = ac) zB = h = any ote) Hy oo 1 ae ye 4. thay at = LS EOF Y, - TOMY /ye LE nin tit = it set aoe! aydy + 4ede = = na] 5 [eae eal dtedy we Ba y3 = Tiss py os Grspanyy) Rael z = getdy 2 tots. “(aayt See 3 (ty yt = Og 9 a [Ory Gv? °G fee 3 OBE Ore ay eS (fabytyy * 3 2 (ng o® bs) e tha aeIe poses “through grytiot, 250 2 t &eyts eur 20% =¢ g ye WIE se 7 a 2G = FR : yp yt tage) = at xe C4) 7 a cares et) Beye a _ Fan (gt) = at et] (ategtee get) CO which te the regurrcel surfaces ? gi gO AROAOO ALAMO ABREAO AASB AAAM BD BAD O&[SK RATHORE] “Gs \ First Oroler Mon- dchear PDE}r— Compatible dystem Of- frrst ovoler PE fCny,2, 2) =O —_—O0 9 8 PU =o ——@ © ant Q an vompatibl 0 on a efomarn dD - . Stag re Of Pe form Pon 4 Bly 4 RIB=0 Xio¥ <0 . 2thil 40 ond a (Aa ~ o : if thik ( fntegrable das poxtedy Hts Mkgrable ' F Ki twnt=0 (tere Pp ane | are obferrect fom O20 a up. te be bcm 2 } qe Ym. £2, aj =o ce GO ad ® are Lompatible then we gee ony — parameter family F Surface. - [Freoramy];- ‘Yhe recestary anol Suffterert Leonclrtion for the thtegrabr lity of epuation @ re Mat CH gj] =o J a + Ph 2 (4p) (2) p) J 29 2(hy) - 4,2) d2,V Remember Rermc Ti ). Sctution of uation © ts FU%L2 cJno, Where cr arértrary ULonefent. Gf gu D onl ® are eompabibse: then they, have one faramter fomi'ty of Lommon solution,fl com patr'beLréy of equation O ord @ ch 1k vy thet eviry Saluton of epuatron by ane vrte- Verda ii). For not- ecesta QO & a agokution of: Guat [Pehle]: - Show Cnt he equation. ei nhrq-m2=0 -6 jl one parame fer ate ae OS it cme care eompatible rd froof a fomtly of ammen folution [Solat on]: - fy zh, frm: fe fpe% fy=7 oo. ie arap-@, d= % $2 = 2% Hr % Z In fi my _ a(hal = | i f= Is ‘| T= 3 (he) Hw I = x (4449) FO +p wf aleinstto7] (hd +p me ate 49 2a = o(% 40) 302, 2) [ft al 3(%p) 2) ee atta = | te). J Pa am) en ofan wl feet] = ar ar ox pp ae aay oy fae aha) = ie af ji R x arf ‘a « a e c & ee @ @ ¢ & & é 4 @ Da « & @fy. SK RATHORED ata . [8 fe fe Piet Oe i % a(fal « ae mee ea ie a mt ; . have Pur above vate in@ we Pha) = ah th 98 AO e--" Ppae—d- Cry = aah patp marty C* = Ow (4p 90-9) es le ee “gemtpre- neo] = Axo Chay =° Dens © Qre, Lompabrble of © for p anol @ , we gee Now, soln @ or Go ap vine nth ey -m2 20 } = ¢ = + Beye Tas gate naaly , = mye2dn on glee) pe eat) pe aens) [eH] efge elem fy oles pes tay = 149 oy F 2OM ay - p4ay tayIDK: BeTHORE] at ‘ @ _(seay)de + ( rryesola LH (2-aJ oy 20 zi Put eS onstone d - sy dx 20 m1 J x (e-ajdy — (44 myJd2 oo # - a i mn oy — i 7 amy ni - itm at pve Ee Sou f BY. oly $28. dt ou ola oy ly =r oe 2 fe 14% tly — EL [as ee ent a a “oy (2-nje & 7 (aan peerage tone CUES (zy © (ya adn talent — Gass (a-)* = O > dus O ue iconrfast® ° 9 fey ce *Pebleay} ;— Show thaé the, equation fr b4titso —O a ye (Pre?) a peso —O are Compatible anol frool 1 one fara rmefey fomlty Of common gelutron. ~ porto: fx > Fy>° hero, f,a%hi fy = 2% a gga Bett dy 20 Baohs Hee the age MO. ze jth = te fo] [th % a (pt) dp apree 27% aphn— peat ® : nog (u 270) wen 2 ¢, is athe oh) 49 lta) monoid Lt th 9) [tel= Sea * Seah) Sina) *? “are, ae otha). J * fe fs Ie / © a0up) dx & pe oe 2 = -ap (AP4a") a |? | . |e 2 (2p) de. H -P apne SB oe (ht) 2 [? all (ye) [3 i /| 2a),ae. gee Pur above values fo ®, (taj ~ opt pa™) +opitepam = 2b at) poplPray) 0 s Thad ee: ©. and © are compa trble. OD wl @ for p ancl 2, we KE Nou, elving OD bates OD @retln— be =e / pe — pe =0 Cc’ praises] 3) a— pr =o ) [= ¥] pur tr @, we have ae 44tel tog at a t= =~ ae @ ene ble» now, cee pert qdy & (nbogra = Rant VEY eo, dt z : gy dts aela $TERE oly g 3 3 Jd é & A % a POOR EME FADD ACCIIDO@K _Bedantadn 2 4 daly Sata - yy . . 7 gp (ra 2 dey +e! . y —.~—-— a * (22a = LeyFe™ 7 (ota 2 zy te! (22) we ty tC the 9 (grate yHe grat. (ye) She common solubron of © ano! @ tr fz Ge) *] Aas Ind method |s- ae From ©, Put y= cons ban & 3 dro + Whe GF" / a 4s Bdacz adn we etatec ® Nom fee 2% ln + atk ey #2 cle an Oy Oe 8 oe dues anda +- 2ede (eee soT a alede—noln) = dlus ZV edly Como} wo aoly ot tt (aatyjan (ae) f ade = (axty) (adatas] On inte grating, we get az = laxty 4 uo R aj Rare (anzyJ>—+ 26! oe y [aaee Cantys@4b | AoL whee obo! which th the reguiréol sotulion. [ROBT] Here @atution & not UNIGEe:- By) [Pa Blem]:— Pied the eemmpie be tokegral by tiny Chawpr's me bhok pix +aty — 250 —O Bataren} Chon pre's aunciory eguatore Ave. oe ~ dy = EE es — fa boptite In thfe yt the ee ab =~ -% i= gy aT py he po kee ath 2 pr haat 3 pln bomb tb = ately +t EE pgdy — ey yd teye™ apse axp? fonp> of (ube ~ ye 3 aeth = ay Op On integrating npr a= agg — —@) the, value of ph tr equation D, we ger (ap yat = 2 5 [ES 98 FST Yarn from @, opt = a(-Fral + fF peed a eee walneal Putling wR eee Qaaea ena OOOO Aree onrIeeec OoCc 6 ©° oe eoooeoos 2eO°O @@6¢0e00666 d [eke] BF Wow, ds pent edy = + [aa thy” Cita} L yy # [es dt = [on tf ty “On cnte grating’, we have 4 Lope ean FEE ot (oye = (Vex tv9 #6) / foe (eS Peotlem):- Prot the Wormplete inécgral by utrng chorpits amettool 7 tpeatiy- a2 =o Sete [Sotucton]:- Charprte - aunrliory epuabors Ort te oy = oD = op oe Sp te btpt 24 tatht, — ty+ete Pe ee ee oby 2UY opty +agty Ad Bis hgh now, a = te 3 ob oe I~ Cn integrating Pak = 4 > pragie?e—@ry Rol. Polling hes vale of pein O, He gok a (cn at)y + a'y -42 0 @ 4p cly hae ‘ jm Py A - ee us 7 = G a 4 z “ hen from ©, we hove « epi oPy* Ee pts 4 (/ a @ pow, das part aay a ae e 7 = Loiye da +G* LX: Ly oy (ERR HO ‘ 2 an 7 za HG = Goln & fee Pye « On gntegraho we have € erg! Pema = td [Ome s NET Cug vorobt € [Preblen};— Finck the. romplete tintegs st bp aerng, Chorbits < melhecl pat By x t pene rr OM € [lation]: Chavpi€’s auarctiony eyeatrons 976 € dn oe ot eb _ 70g e tp fq big 2F¢ A fyiite & a, gy 2 dt ep 6 xe vague sine = Epa © nen hed gpa te bgt tepae _ oe e @ (ent) ef ae ef(SR RAT HERET oz eel Fear Ko) wy = de a) Bly = HD ote 3 fn in, SO ge 2 4% ond eae (40m 6m 242) ee eo) 2 6 2 as (GZ) Orr S244, a (uta) — te 4 2 ne as ts dz = pdx Fey =f Weal — 6p 4 & font 2 (ytolely E xs x4 ae de + 6 ee r= [2 Ca Joe +4 tovasdly rv) Ge 0k of he form Mola eg Nz make tt eraek elif epur, Ms =& 1 Nx 20 (Ae ee ats S Sdn Yat Tp: & a ‘Ren multiplying equation @ by Tif, We ger euatkohyp equé, op cm -9 Gta Yat g Oa Yah ig eal ~In + (ye) & dy Now thre equ ch exnath DE 96 sal? 1 given by Eee ee a (max + JS (fm (ny ret] ole ua Containing (Ze cent) v i = Moly + mt fo M nok} @ f ean Contareins er] oly el (Yecoret) z a -Y- bf grint Ae | oe [ee on Ss & (otal [sero t [ee nag © - y ofn = oft - Put -3:=f fan tt 7 Same Sie Ee of olt- th z fetot 2 (star [tote - lg e -4 (e-tjet #6 got = Forathat pir (a bbe Dn ORaenanameranroanrer-O9R008% S6@6060886608 oo°o 666 erivpi- Fret the ccompiels, integral by (Ming Chox fit methoot pos gotary oatz —2 20 fBotubony:- — Chowpr'ts aernetiiary - 4y _ dt - ab equations Ar. clot 4p fa Mpeehe Set hh dx = = dh = dp cra tHe a epee ated 8 O2K at : hb 6nt — te e bak NOW, = jg mao Ax es Te = ot OO en fare a eS Lt tog + bye) 2 = 409% a i ep et bg) 4, f wy yas 9e oy a A) ly = RO = Dad @, — /2grn bare ee 4g 4 3p va tVe-ay 9 ts (stay oo pet (4230 exta+e} xe sa 2D (yap _ En? ste [HAE (840% — ont a te'](SRRETRE] ea + ax polar erty - _ “ — bh 2 dn + (¥ta) “a, B (ytas% in ~aah dnt Be ly an? y 4, ‘ ( Mey & Jdlan+ (Ya) ol ga $62 da = (4 ey atl .) 7 as ca of te, form Max. t Moly = 0 which te et 6% x20 x2 a Rye 0 Dp eS ener ieeee . L (Nn Mej= & 6 ZS ‘n le My Nae mF 35 Je 8, Yar : pe ele e ae a 7 . . Yat ye ef #440) a aes a2 ola = “Tet (te z x 4 + (ytas “ay J Which Uh inact + Ge oon +h a Se ye _ fygap en 4 & fd et ole th aac ee £ fie ye = z aay 3 [Het felte Jos H ie x 2 0, = \ Sl, Ss i xe ey * 2 cee) k Coeeseeoensoerrrs9@CC >oBRsEeCoYce [sfeceat Cates [3 [Cari] t- f (payee du = fy = #2 7° Chonprtts aunetiary e9uahors are idx = 4 = a Oh a ~ 28 fp ty bt 4 ate oO. o From hele teke eithiy p= conttont ov qe Lonctant (never teke both) le we take pra (bay/ Wn fF (NIU=0 3% = gla} cle = pdatedy 1 ' of = Adu + platy Bz and Plaly th] c& solution. —O § ule Hon]i-— - [Sin geton Gotut'on] For sngutar Solution Diff O Werk a! anol 6’ vespecuely» Or at H'lasy and onr (Absurd resutt] > Yaers fe 0 tingeloy folnton, [Remember]: - of FU ces Yhon there ff ne Singulor Soluton.RATHURET Ro [Peki@- p+4~ py =e —© weete [Botamony,- 9b oof hy form #( he Vien tekv pea Yhen from @, ata -47 20+ 3 eres Then Solution Is xe ant 9 +6 f Ag a-t [Dice Prethed | $~ gf pre“ Peo @ gatutron or, sul]? — Yen Be OF bYTE : a,b are wonneeteet by fhe relation fF (%bJao Yaus ip Question pra base ——O Yea anthy +c ts Lolutron [fred Bl: Gth-ab =0 ee aq! ‘Then [eran Byte] té tolutron Wire pat pra b-Erbin x 9° o ® ° e e € & 6 e @ € « 6 6 e e e e e e7 [ER RB THICRET FB payee fa = Sy =O Ghov pit’s Aunrkiary equator are, wie 2 od. _ ole = sdb. = — 2 te Fe bE p+ ote Sfe “tte op a ot Me She 4 [=a}—® es J g= (ae) 7 = bum ® , pz aBlaz) de= pdrtady DAB = AMAR Mat OC arjoly_ oz. = ‘a ol tol +6/ Hiss a fe 6 the veguired Solution . [Remember]: Sf $02 ht)20, Hen thon fe mo singular gelution-8 2A KC Oe [Botkmy:- 2° 1+ Pt] = 4 ——O (Gomenony:- 9 tt of fe form f(2,ha)=0 . Pub p= ae ‘Yn OF} ze (stotgtsat) = 3 (ateyah= 4-4 3 q- gees eer fo - 4a Sore ‘ , Se arco d2= folat aey fe ole #42 [certes) wee TB _— Capaey (4a) ARE ant y Oo 2 2 Than 2 JJ = © Ge) 029 29 | 9 [Lone eguarren ef bhe form feck Method} :- Sf © fl% pasee —O - an fR foo g Whine He FEY Men p(B Sey Ge] =° od? poo sabe Us ONY Bf Ste eae! we get Tequrntel fotuhion of a. ON solange, BHARARMEF AR BEEF VIBOE[Eine nothod i - » [SR RBTHORET zt (stpeagt} =| ——O = Put pane jo? at (it ataregt}=t > gt (arti) = oo 3 95 1-2 o= eu) If fF (Ae #)e0 £(# i, adt | =o 7 Us atay oly f(z age 35 f op Us my. ©? g st [a4 J" aan ee 3) pear) fol@ JR 2 yp = 12™ pe) BEY Se = du =) V ree ue J = J x Sitar J7Hee sue [= TR Oe = ay Vit (a = aes] a, ae4q [SK RATHORE] 5 e- 2 patemy:- #pe -b-4=e ——O a [Belusiny:. Tn 8 ae d é (3) a me — de) =0 A : A 7 fle j2_ (uta) lt] = oy sey a2 ‘eal _ / GE | ° a ~ de az de — (t4aJ7eo 7 la au 7] : 4 ae oe — (149) 20 5 r >) ade — (tta) ous - yo ae 1 = On integrating, We gee é ast—2 (rtoJuas & « = (444 (xtay) = w/ aot 7 Ge a a! th solution, ¢ 1§ fhe, Tegurrec! Hom. i$ rey — ¢ &SK RATHORE | yawvedet [S-RROTHORE] GA [are t= SPF. (% PA)EO Orel BE PT= LA) Runrliery eguahors Ore Yen Gharpre'e dx Ee ee A = elt fp fy Pip? fe fathle fy tere = da ya eee = off = oe 4 Vy ba #4 Vy bx Fy on ew oh —- % $x yp bxdnt by tb =O > 2b on + paper 3 agro . 3 he Conttent ron [PCupI= Y(%e) = Conetar€ From here, we get value of (pb! th tome of x anol utongtant anol valu of @ th termy of ¥ ancl Lonstant-. Yan des pdutedy Putting the, Valse of P&E ANd colerng be gee the ic g Solution, [Remark]:- In this ease there. Ue no e/ngutay Sodettons8 2) AaB ww [Peiem):~ = p'¥q> = ety [Relahooys- — phacs y-a™ =a*(sey/ po ft Sarat qe tL Veen «Wea: Pole rbg.cly [LR aten t [SETI oly << 4, 2 (rtat) yhot “|, (Mat) Hh (90 __ ~ cb fle tb = > It (246) NET She oom plebe, tnbegrat Of non- Lrnrar Tet- Crefer PDE g (reat) ph rae oh ae prae £0 Uae + OP Fe () z= tale taly fC Me. £ 2a (14%) 4 a ne ~ 3 faa! % co? — t adipfat taty* +e Cee aaa Walakony:. yP + ye hi ox" =0 > + pty pea Bok (Say) of tta%) sah p me % @ e e iG « « e ¢€ « ‘ e « . é e . « enh 5) daz pax +.4dy¥ dew Ht GH dx + aly oly Stat On thtegrating + we get aNvieae + 09" 4 cf Ao th TAL regurrest Lcompleke thtegrals wer fe ObHON BG yeorree> [Problem]: for obtaining the eompleee integral of mon. Linear POE po (xt4y93) = pre Dre requtredl! form of pf ancl 2 chualurng an arbitrary Uonstants are given by err po lateay™ 9 @= (yas @) be ata ; es Gy-ay™ « be (ment tay 1s (3y3-ayt ©) fe Ga pgs GLa{Tan} es ca Optton (BH) te torrects NET DEC OF Ginot the, complete (nkegrel of “non-trear Poe pig te atyh = atet (ahey?) and aio find Singular Satistrar: pots alyhs mtg? (tty!) [SalaFien):- gy pats ayes nee taty?g 2 atytg* ty a pat ate - Se xt) er = artyt(a% 1) 5 (Beets me (ind ) 1 pI eons ROBE eu a a} CHOC HRHMRMBMAANRMOH EA EOEO3 (pratha = gt wpa (fay) flats ata g Nt (pea) se sat > = pt atat¢ah =) pe + Sane 3 p= ¢ > Tottae | Nen foes {port fo“ = [x Gian + It — 1 to vegui real complete, integra , Whith & He Dos fire ch singutay Solub'on, ezy:- NO singular salutYon Became fp (mp) = ¥ (2) = A Ceonetont ) be § tant, GF you) en des pant edy[2 ke PA (EK RATHORE | fdas SG laasde + frcosdy +6 3 ee brat , (my) + & Biff. arnt. ob reipectiyety , Wwegee- b= Flam) F H{Cos) qe ont (Abeer rule) Hence tn Case (ti) there @ DO singular Lalubon- ev 9p / ) [Case (DJ :— Clai routs’ Kguattore ye pateytf( Pre) eeeccecrsrBaeaeviia ts galution cs ag om thy=t f (a5) : P, :- Solve (ta) (2-bx 29) = oo [Soran]: 2 fe 29 > Fy 4 J ozs patay toy Complete, (nkegral t = Oa ¢ ga ontbyt 4+ | Ane bs & e e c c e 6 cy @e € € e ® e°® ” [SR ROTHORE} Ee3 ee. i Ce Probhem|i- “a patay tS Pa Le Solution tt “eo on cerdxaty + SEP AEES Mw PAM FO Ye a o® or ea axthy + STeaype ew Peas ae c® : ° - 5 eee a) (op B= TAR Hen pomai Vee c : yn ce ga an-by + ITpatpte Hee PEO 4 c@ GI = Ce {ARI A are wort, J a = 3 fa 3 fae 22 © (rama: (2%) (8) = 8 (RE J] , ®. § 2 a) ry ay (2) oe Fetal BF u@ fhe complete (ntegrak a ; 4 ce () 2= gon -+3by aay +. th/e Ce ‘ ©» () ant by t+ i + 9a*/e OF py Ta saxty +3 + Hs 6/0 o® -~ 2 L a a4 Mathys Le (0) a= Sax they 43% 4% %/ Ce SakuFion] \~- [ From option 16 tt clear that given PIE vonvert tte Claisautis for). ee ©» 6ehe saber tong) Fatt (293 439} we gargdt ee feet ey G p>R= a phon oF o® ? petey +3 shee € 6@ Pur proj : o@ Ang 2, of tion® A e — Corre Pe[ER BARE} (ro4] aes [Reblem):- Pro! the, completo integral of aby tygi-s =O. —O Char pres Muarkiary @uatons are, [Beta Hon]:- ot = fb _ —op = ole fy beet Oh Ath, y+ tha 9 wes M1 = 42 =-dp _-de ZpHeYL Pape hax tee — petheo PE eyos pe fine p EOL _- wy ‘ maqrtyy 1 =O afee += ® D glorty=t 2(t> Taw . a des pont acy - o = a —da #4—-Ay c Janty any 7 ae adn toy é q : Santi ; 5 be Te 2 zg Canty e. I : 3 [ernest lees) Pa « : beth th the regurrecl LoMpleke integral, | aa? é @ : . ' | | , PBL VD Ss ® & wiga : 7 ce [Problemp:- Minot the Lomplete. integra’ of _® (pie tape =o ——O © : [Botution] :- Chove pitts Ausnitrary 2guatrons are o@ me ee db et c® “tp te Batata Sat hfe fy the. ce. 7 ce a xs oy = fz : = of a C@ oh pes RPA petie x —_ psa apt) . @ = ese @ ore: —d — dd © he te 7 ee FF @ g neat oe p @ “OD <@ atx-perzo jp ous pe FD pe a oe =) cS aca a ee bag? -) gts at( lant - o® 4 “2+ eg ate at (sey e 3 2 gt(2z% atar) co 9 oe elehan 9 dea plat aay = at dat & LER aA oy = Zz — yak = Bede —watn da = Rady 5 x [et aint =say th State - — S > [z= atn®s (ay-#5) der Wheh ih the reyurrect Lomblete (nbegrod »(Pretlem)} 3 Gre the eemple be. chtegrak of. % (p44) a 4-y a4) 7 Betuhon} gf ptq*{-x+4¥ =0 9) 4 Charpits Auarkrory equations are, 4 lt e eh db 2 oe wes FH 2 = — A . 7 tp ty Met thy hth Kah a. ys MY Pe = ep - OI wpe — 242 (apts — 24%) THBP TAIT Mw, 2b 2¢%= ay a VE ae ft (@2)*= ay r and a : 32 = fz 22 (% 22 2 Q=-dZ - put BBR = PE Sey a ere aD pigtery D Phase Btyca ® =) PLnca @ t =) P= lata [Oe ore e od2- Pox 4+ Ady c Ae = fatal teay 2 (aty) Rofy ©. Ae ne gy Re Satay ft 2 (asyy 4 6 - —D 6 4&2 Je ata dd . ‘ In) ihe: i M5 yh ae 7 pt tn oO. e 4 ec 4 (ot) Top £ (ary) a « ~ 4 Bele 2 (oral 4 2 (ats phe! * : pan ¢ @ aa [ B= (ata 4 paryy "O46 | Foe tah heV-9nip = =0 —® [Beblemy:- % pray — he Chovprtle: Runitiony @quatvont art. [aturer): - adh = oe ce ty = AE ace tp ty Ph tete fat hte ty tote dt = oy fe Sarre pry yee pu-aspe prxty 9 > xtpe aap eee p-exyeaarpe th ag tee ee ae =) dt = de ne Forario) a ee) 9 (ate) 2 dt ¢teso 9 eg *dF Aaya pre a nm “ee 7 3/0 = @? © 8p 4 Ee] _ at —wip 1s ef pa wy Ae wb we 3 etpn— ay - porto p M(f-anjsaty-2~ a des font oly ee ees dx 4 a ) “1 (t-aar) . x oy ct een) ee My 20. Ny = ai PORE Ct Ons Ne-Mn ot ' a —— a bs) Alt-A } x L-an) plat pan lee forme gigldion) =#: Hee] = Bee) Muttiply O ty ther DF ., WE have det dn = GY dep @ gf _ (tax) te -anj® (1-an) ® Ca ¥ (ay 9 4 (2) 7. 4 Ga) t= +b *) pant eT [Prblem]:- pay the tty = 9% : 7 pay + PL 4+UI— ye =O —2 Cheah cam eguatront are ae Bp i th Sat Phe fy + fe ; At we = a 9 myth ty pay + per betay ae =e fate-24eCy!} i by-PY - so 3 [FE ® 3 abe k (eer) 3 oP 2 OF aay HAQG+e@y—ye =O y2— aay ay (2-aa) 3 olaty) = ] i a a ere wih 3[SRRBTHORE] [23] fe de= pont Voy op d2= adn +9(2-4") aly - a aty 3p den ade eaten dy = (1m Joly 2.0% aty ary = og (2-04) = ye ato (ary) -# 40g 6 = fog (B-0" ) 4 actos (ary) + Log 7 =y 3 (z-0") (sty 8 ae 3 (@-ax) (sta) %= Ge =) pean = ee eg am, [oe Hacalythtins [Prtemy:. % (B4a°) thrdayao Aes 22 lanty a [tat [Protiem)— 0xe + e% x (*h492) 20 , do zeta any fbreee SNR THORE | a Pretlem]:- (bevy) 2> = ahme tm aany —2° 4 (at) PE bx Ans. [Pavers aplite) = 02) @ ps. (yal = Cetand (94) (55) | a a a « q A 2 wd ¢. a - e©eCENDFTC OOOO" 2000 eoe6@ e [Caswchy’s Problem For fitvst Crelex Non- theay PDE}: Consiler Ts order non- Uirtar PLE (29,8, Pie) =O =~} and (& passes through (alth ¥ Ot), 2te) J First of all we Fired: the Leompiete ae ord) by Charpitrs _ methoot » : Suppare FCG 8a,6/20 & CF OW and 1 passes through the uurue (xLt/,9lE/, 2) ® | dltas=0-© fing the. envelope 2¢. <0 @ ot Blimirate. 't! from © one ©, we get - . Cas, (ht equation ean have 10 tatution, tu, fire, infinite, ano» Of dotutione 7, Assumes: b= bla) OP? £ (44/0, plaJ}=0 Find the envelope 14. Qllrarrats ‘a! from Fm 4,2, a, plas] =O & so. [TORRE oP hich 11 the required surface. hitch peiting reuah fe given, Leurves = Lk we[Picblea]:- Prirct the integral Surfoce Sates fyirg (preg x =f —o arel posting through the, Curve, a0, 2249 —® [Bakatton]:— CAonpit’ Dunrbiory egualione are Ce ee a me IAA tie By ohe 9 ot _ dy 2 Ge = 4b ~ gpa-e ZU afta ~Prr2ene ap now, ~dh= Lge Oe ee Emenee 3 part ede=e peeqreat——@ ) (EE 7s Now, S2= pat ery 2 sy oe= So ln + $ Vet atnt oly da — @. FEAR = cely femetne ee Jahan = eat PARK OCCORRAHOFAHER& Fi ese ec pe ©: a ee eaters, © : 68 a /z Ink (ay 45) =] —— ° f 2 e Pavdmuine epuatron to curve © & fo, 42, +} © we ava é imeo, ystt, 2s tt > @ ,wegee 20, Y= Puttin ee (sets atx(o} + (tat a an peers ) graarnt+ aty® pt fey . 9 (ary) af 4 (2y-22)a%41 =0 c : Ly 3818 Quadratre ina% °° Kinel_enuctope.t.~ 6? (yD 4atyz0 9 tot syeeantyXo @ € » fetleleyp aga x > [Ree ty) =4ah / Ans Tis (E regurred tntegras Surface, CO) Bervral totutiory coer nok .contar'n cematitremy arbitrary ce one tant. ry = c c "e € : : .= -_ s. : q [Prekiem]:—. iret thy veomplcte tntegred Of 4 Se pe ties enc _ carar-enives the integral su foce epaatien ae sccotedning Oe ee eae —@D a IBGE Chor pre's Atarhrary oe ore | ‘ = dé = —o a eR “hah ti Fovaie we ee eae (b_ =e a 2pm 4 epratay 741) | @ qd 4 4 € e e- 4 e e Ge e € e | vet Lc® : 2 [435 Ais € = a ur Parametric, equation of uve © b fut,-tf e fue xe4, Y= ze-t (n®, weget ‘e ate att tes® e@ Orff parkiotly werk 6, Vege ce . mica > BE=) e : Nee pee Foms@,- Fe I= eae A . 8 zany t (VR FO) e / a: 2. 8 pats Gt o@ aed a 2 etys ate ot 20Nn o®@ 7. : oe Lea ga & - J ctaeedh + (a-y-2) =0 f ° : 2 Lb ot 6 quadrak'e ire e ; c + Envelope e J. Envelsf: a pMga 20 « — 4 (yry-2)-00 - a) a 4h e > [yreee] © e®@ ceProblem] :- Fire the, lemplebe théegrnd of ? pio +t poy = 2p2 4x —O . € € € andl fertun the “lntegral £U7 fale eguatror, seentarning thes Line YF, HB.) © [Selaton + Charpri'e Auxrlrary @¢aatone arc, @ dn = a = ole a) 4 tp 4 bier ete Prt th fy safe €, € 3 on pucliyemeg | — | pcre Beeeeee MOR EEETEE Bpagtay— —2e by op mt pry — ape +f pry : : 4 ~ vb 2 eat ¢ pe Reb fetecer) 7 wom dy a mde ye é py Fa- Pha AY fe a pape ee 9 GEST] ‘ 3 v € Put tn O, « 20 peat pay ope — x 7 J [Pr (22-997) ot € @ € « Now, S2> pont voy € te-ay*) LSE IETE Pore « «4 € é J de= J de dydy = (aay) ¢ RR my y ee 7 trAPS [EER RBTHORET} pur 2-oytet 3) & (old -ay oly} Holt” 3 oe si ht HEHE yy wo B® jo de ee eR 5 da Ta Pak t= vr Depp esnl LE. Ut nett fp Vande va ora es oy dus ola © ? # Loge. Xe _ ot eg [vt V0Fe | = Loy + tog b qo VOR = 6H ( Taking tue 0157 ) >? £ + e+e = bx 3 bt See = ba AOA eeeoeease C84 era 4 SEE oo c : é - + a ‘ ° 5 (gz—ayt Joy gnt = [ee (92 -ay? J] 6° 3 (canes) “4 gate Wat (29-9 vant (00-4 ¢, 0 9 Ge nay —e S hit tt Lompblet, olution. ¢® o8 e® ce © mn @As ré faster through — (ty tr t). met, yeh tet 2 4 bth Hab (26-9) gy atthe abt th (eae Ly quadrats oe 2% 96 envelope 6% 44620 3 peor — 86% Cak-2)20 3 reek 8a? +166*20 ! 2aaAanAaae a : : BRA naananmam 2 & hm & mm 4 g6* [4ras] =o y (4-467 20 Gilter b*=0 Ov ¢-4@b20 E =f fe= 0 ov, fh= # eo f= SE) Ly gn thie cate we gee 0 Solution. 7 4 = eat 2x8 (22-209*) 3 taba one—pa (2% -49") =) ate Ant 2a (22-ay?) p at saly* 4 dae — tutzo at (4-247) 4402 — Futzo J at(tyt— tae # gatso Ly quadratre 1K gts envelope 1 bi daezo Wet axgar(2yhs) 20 = Fae ee Wa =) [er »2(eyss) fA > Required Integral surface. @ — 4e@ ce “@ “eo € e e NET JUNE-OF: 7 [Problemy firrot the complete, Cobegral oF copieatsa2 —O thiough’ the uve. C! faentery yO poser or & 0, Ct} © Beater — Gi a (at | Lae Where Y= x4ay FC bra)= 3 Ure) (Gy J*= 4% P£ (27a ae Jao | g # J Tfat gas du ete On. integrating > cere DSU az mtayys 3 (ater: (a4oy4b)™ —O© Now, ( pasets trough (t, o, tts), (tat) (444 = (446) py abt — abt + (4 4a2sYag =P Hb Fae (1 49%.42) 0 3 bear at+akt=ao > (sat) +a% (8-at) =0 5) (shot) (t4a*) so > bath , there ore COO Lares. Yoke U+tarje = &taytaj* py Letyh afar gextyra + Cerezolibith rt quaololre tm a’, thenfore, dle enwelope, ce S2.4ac =0 aad (yt 4 [Lyt® 2] (a® 2] =o > [z= x4 gxjt/ [G@seZ] Yoke b=-a . _ Fate = (atay—aj® 3 U4atz = re B2( I) EH 2 9-Ha 2 (C2 Jor 4 anlsia tara no Ly whith i Quachalye th a’. es SH envelope te bX dac=o 3 anh (yo)?— + [ty-ya] [x22] =0 > ant (yer -ay)— 4 (9 41 -2y-2J(mbaJeo 2 ney 27% AY _yXy 299G -pan® ~ f Yee 2-wr 2220 «aAA Os isxmarmeeey BD NGT: Me complete tntegrat of ema Problem)? — Ist order PDE, ~~ pbtrypt- attpo im line 0 ts : Wert 20 tab ge Gees a nae s a( Be meet J ee fo io oF @ Tien 7 be atti) cee fe AlEMI + abshee Ase 0) pone of thee. th _in O, : : Sof] Pak [Pe Pat. ah att [ays se] te atnts (eege* ats atntpoatt et £ey Nw ) (ntyYat4 (oy-at+/ 20 LD tuachalie tna “. Ghuelope = bgaeco =) (ey -2% trteyt) =o > tate $y2*— dnt 4 o 2” (2% eye tar go ECE SIR T+ bheag keregeireef thtegrel Gurface, General ttegrak & Ope-povameler forny OF Surface of kurfa I€ Lontaine Ho arbitrary one tane.[Peblem)i- = Pg® dB tabo y Y= [aM}:- = Catyt) 4 92%=0 [Frcblero) :~ (4eJE—bxso i gate, yoo [abem):- ® (aU) ae (Petey) pm. (ek = ae [letat) x ~17 ° psa, GERRER '@G@OHREARBREMAAHHAMRAHAABABBAADERAO Be c Le st pr [lineay PDE Uhith Constant Coefficients] — Consider, oe PCD, z= vay) ——D wher, =a, D'= 2 Yhere are, tWO atu s- oe oy Caser]i- when (dd) Wa homogeneous potyoamiat in D ancl d' (ic: When f (J & not a “homogeneous Pots roms (no D anol '. < i whn fo) te note reclucrble. to Lear fector a i when $60) 1 reckuc cble fo Linear factor when flo2") 6 a homo genous poly ronmitelin Care FP]: Dano 0° rf Ne bo dh + 2% + Apo fee Cec ° oan axP oy 2 tage oe tt Ap oe ay? - fe DP et Ay BMT DI of By BP? (ORE ~~ AnD? — “mys te FD alee VOD —O whee. f (20) = A0d™4 Bohol ~-—t AN? Here degree = (B= Bt) (Bo med) omome= (d= Mpa!) = EY) Here myles may be Same alta. te pet stn— [SR RATHORET B24l te Solve fF (hoz =O (o- moiye =o a pome=? ‘his Lreav 2p uation iM a. ey ae le oe OS ay asg 3 ype 3 [xz gistmal] (mo mie an aictinee-) 1¢ are Same es juz b Cy¢mn) 3 G-mille = g (ytma) = ¢ (ytmx) yp pom Z Ly agar Quasi Linear equ, 7 ox oy - Oe __ zy 7 =n pty Frm) \ 7 y4mn=G 4@ @ é @ 6 € é @ € g. @ 4 @ é a, @ @ és € ce é ¢ 6 e- é e a eOF a SBOneeaoCOerlaanen WS. (SK RATHORE] he ea gu) > a PCGys EA 3 ge xg (ytma fee a by taking Tirol onot UWrol ~ > zo plytmas= y (ytma) __ When we Solve ay. =. dy. At -1 gryFma) —me 605) 3 dy 6G) Find? = 0 J PCat me = & Dp BaKY AD Zz-O0G)y = y (ytmn) =) B= yb (y4ma) + 9! (94m) Sienifarty [z= y beytma) + y (yemea)] Cae). then all roots are dit-tinet, then _ ee B= Py (Ya) +t be (yt yn) t ~~ oF bn (ota if te When two roots Gre epual and ofter are Olt trek, then fe= hb? mn) FAG, (FM ) F (Yt Malt tg, 9THORE (4.0% -+ 1200" 50/2) ® =0 AE, Apt (20D! #99'? =O s 4n%4 60d! 4600! + 90/79 5) 20 ( 20-430") 440" (Gate oO. 3 (20-4404) =O @ (: praypuro Where Ue (2D 430')® 2. Hence, Pay ta oe a oy dt = = HE & jus & ay-3x =O gb (29-38%) = p(ey-an) (ay-34) ws > (ee p30 )t op 392 ¢ Lagrange’s: Punting epuaton dé ey-39=4 a2 —xh (29-34) =O heneral Solution th pa aplry 3nd = y (29-73%) 3 2 Od iam 3m) xg Bvt) F VQ -0)] Pos ear TARR ARR RH HAHAHA HAAARHAAAABRARARA AARGaz] & RRBTHORE] rT ) : c@ Prcblem]:- Fine the $e force, posting Umough the te ce Ling Bexso ard 2h j A-¥HO and satisfyrng Ge dhe cu fferntrat equation ¥-45 +420 OF Galatia (Wt a0n'et ant) 0 ¢ =) (- aa) Eeo 4 (p29 JU co Whe Ue (0-202 ® LBE, ga= oe = ay e =< = =e 0 a) GG) ay #22E o® we gyre) Pe gem = 80H) : ay =e = Ce une $ (wen) : C@ xp (29 tJ > O weney ) =O PG Ge oe Ge ' © ~ olution ts ° Gora telat es zedge) = PFE) < i ~ p Ons, e@ 2 ~ ce Tnek_methoel] 2- c@ We have -48-+¢b=0 &@ be 400! + ga't}2 50 a e RE, Pub Dom , b's t a) : mt ame esd D (-0pbox) mae ee re ee Ge (YEAS AH He (IER) —o 6@ Now (t passes though the fine B= x=O ce » OF OH) +0 D> Blysro Ps j & , 5i | (SRROTHORET se 24,6) + a $B FX a3 $= 3 $2 (> a = pe abbas Pinel Be OF Ff (pin! pro sje=o ' AE. Pub d=1, 8m =m, d'st OF put OFM, -E Sotuttonj:- PE g mt mtso ee ee ? mr (m-1) 20 J mts-m)=0 . 5 m=0,0,4° ym-001—-O @ OF. dy (y) +d) F @; (9t") : . 7 | gains 9 bE HCP) i Of Ba Aned B 1 We ae ation f= Yoke unron x) Are General sot 7 ~~ Tt Ott BAI CM) BARA AAA RA RAAARAARABARRAA AA HAA[Raq . Coraicferr f(407] = Poa? + aan === Any” (CaveTL- Of- Ma F0, Anco then puts Dom, dint [CacTyi- 9 Aero, nfo then put D=4, pl=m [fecer]:- Sf Po #0, Ando thn pub Dem, bot & fut Doe Dior , Ane [CaseTu}:. If Ao Ce j Diet I Take union: Dot jd m7 so” Probie]: — (03-03)% = [Solaronp:- Pug D’s 4, O° 4 (my Cmrymtij20 2 2, 0, Wh when, Wel on weet Gervrak bolution th [Ee PATA he (940) Fy (940%) [hoe [Pabies]:- (92 40%0'+ 40.9! )z =o (Baa! Pit dom, DEL. € m— qamrpqmeo 5) m( m= 4m+4 4/20 a m(me2} =o 3 m2 0,22 S General gatution ts | ze Gila +O, (942 Jt 1b (9-420 )] Aor[Farkeatar Shee pak J i > flo07 8 = POW] oo bly) : PES F000) fae zy: Bho pony = y Cartiy) ae t y (arxthy) ie FD) L i Yetta Fas) Lf. f i, a (ates) = On4by Provicleot £98) #0 4 9f F(ab) =0 Pg (bd!) where g(asf #0 her = fo 7 ace {f- fread i (2-7) tims Usantsy f (aya (en oe Y (anthy) = xX ————__ } OR], pr = Zipas'y} od — Wlanthy) OH r= Ty od! 1@CSCHCRSHARARARARADHRHAHAABHEHRAMALAAoOe¢ Gneby L acntey = ay O., ae = fay” 1 flo # f(D, DS op lerop: — Jon* a! + iin = Cos (22-439/, it — m w= m3— yom*4+4=0 —O o A = Le 4, My ae olittince oott. fF sex ha (YAMA) Ay (GEM FA (9M 2) where, (1, Im, Ms are giver by D = = cos (24-424) DAs tov2o' + 9/3 Ontegrate three trmes = {ff dos (a-esy) of Cor-#59) 8H l $3 fay W Lt. gin (ex4sy) es " “0 BPs mt ath (on43y} es 8, General. tolutyon it Be by (VFM F dy (¥4Ma) FO, (4A) — & sn (ox t39) | POCOBHOTSEA0[Protiany— (08 aotole an0'VJx = 6th (exty) Rater]: Pee Dam, DL AE. mi_ tm? +4mao gm (m2-4m +4) =O sto (im-2)P2o0 ce = gy lt G (9429) BA, (ot2n) - ee eee See PI appt yp op" J Sokegrate three Yrres. - gin (anty) Cd form) 2 Se ~ Pi pat FATE si (ay) C$ fom] 4x ape eon! +490! gah gin(2 49) (60-20) a e sin (2a-ty) of (2249) = ae f nt [— bos (ory) J = Lent erates) heneral felutton I F, (a) FH Co ten) #2 by (Yt J fr = ee (Oh, Les 9° Zaye Goo" : S for = 4y7 1 sin (erty) e) a 2. aye -¥ aed Es (ety) = “3 ton tuaey) Pe SOBA Maaaaneanaaan133 [Bohr]: 4. (ra) + = (Glog (m4eyy alereny:- ($0% syn 4y/t)B = ey Cortes) pub pam, ‘plot DE. gat ; gm ¢m4tt =o 2 (amy Bo Dp mate hn (94%) tug, (9t%) £ pe ah Mh ry (ot 8 go , Fp pone x ( y) a4 ace oE.F cog tog (ter) i eo- 40" : Ge ete doy (x4ey) ap—o! - fin a Lag (ntt4) Be = gat Ly late) fe Generel batutron tt Be ty (P4%) FAR OTH) TIMthod IL]'- When pony = xMyr mye 4 yo 2: i $ (92 5 7 ; ty! i). @kee mean, emp (na Goy ewer ofd or if). wher m~ (a) cohen CY ni}, enporel (0 agceneling poowrs of 0" Gi whee (men), enpond ch aacencting, porwor of De (By wurg Rinomrat x pansren) [FabeR:- (0-93 ® = Bole ton]:— pub DEM, Dot AL mis-0 9 (eu [mi4im4s) =O - met, AW | where wan -t gy, (900M + Cn (yt) ByB oe 1 CF hu (yt) PL A General solution 18 Zz. (9th (yteon) + 4s (rt een) ~2. -ty’ 20 Foote te ze eee nnn an mm ean asaanaanaananenyt + & at ff FO FEF [Probie 7.- ‘Bink af reat Vatuecl solutions of- ou yp ate ar (tay?) aah aye [SetecWon]:— Vreoye = 4 Cteyt) pute pom, des. , BE mtnrso @ Ot=-f 2 me £6 Smeginory mol OF = Gy (94H) f By (9) Wall not Fake tht pre a EH OMT pepe’ 40 (t+ oe (rteyt} ph re on ( . 2] (ates) = Be it - a (tote) pn se atest} aR[ER RATAORE] ja ayby y 8 a OE] arr. ay” = e pros war xy Bos Teneral Mtoe] #- (o- _mit}e = FOU pom = for) Lag range’s faxthiory Equetton a an = #L a da = Sh, FH yemxe - - fk axe Gy em) dae £OH Gomme fF q-ma)dx $o ~ (F Cn, Goon =o General gelutyen ! K- [FOG G- -mnjdaus flee) ema} 7 (4, Gq -maida + PUIAOR, ie [Fo a re ae a HOS HARRARAAMRABEHHAMMRBRAMMAAAREAMEoe | : 3] C@ Paitem):- O- 20’) (oss) eye ° 5d (ot pof—got}R= (9 ape _« hh De m, 0's 4 “ CG AE miimaeso 3 wh Lmdm-250 - s} mo (m-ejFi(m-t) 20 ve > (te-2) (m4i=0 | so meh € @e . / &@ n $C yrea) + Y (y-on ) — & _ ee Ey (4y henecat Nethool] cs aoa a (ow) Ce x ,@ A Cn ry eel _ where CHMEY oe — Cs po) fe T Fesy-r 1 @ at ctr) een =) (2-29) Ct : be oS C aa ny Se & 10) mr esy : * bayer ( ayn Se = pag Feel e@ : aloe (rer ] Gy (o-109) C G —2)er of Were c-exee oe = f (Ge oe 7 cr onty -@ Ce E (c2x-efe" ee a = ue = (coon 49 Cs e® = ct “ee” i e® fe prs ye Geer al Sol ri ce > = Cy pan ty (F2a)t 90% Mos, & Sane— . StKs ROTH ORE 138] [Pobrem:- (pt 4o'*Jz = 4% ~ 4 (Sohahor]:- Put Dam, diet AE. 24 so g mate ces Blotealt YO) . fA. - 2: Cr oie _ an dn Put cHense T= | cera axe Es =¢ fe ore SG adas ot = $fe-* ee Mgt 6 [fee bgt + Ye = Mey Cetin) + tiny [toy corer) +o +e —t4oyn | pre oy ad (yam), = ow) [ayy # St = enn} = o ESOS HRAKRARABAAAHAARAHAARAARARARoe [rte trees tye ee] © Liv PBA +2 - chop 4 togy I] oreo! ES : fp (eta —ebgx flog Ce-0n) lode. =f Eger On) nm a ae no 4 [gon ]ox RAG - 2 ftgneln + [tog Coen dcl fan J = KtL £ Ag Cc-20) cog n= YC 205% ty + puey Coan) — [2 HBL ad [gay sey AK} HC Cnka deg x + 404 Ct-en) on £4 n ) = ytogn + nLOgy — % u ele H Prk Ytognt atogy-% ea rere esc te ee - rn Be z= plyten) ty (9 con, + oy st teps = Hee"SRE Re TORE ae] . 2-3 ot. -, re (De 300! + wy a er te 74 cos (AFey) alu tHon)"- Put Do prt. AE miamte-c 7 (mt) (miro PMA“ cee HOF +e (yter) OR he mF 1 wutn re = a vey) ie (one) Coo (G0) (o-0) (0-00) (5-01) eo esae / | pe wed 4 me oF nf feat = ty (et) rae (wun ee eres ¢ (Feo . ~ ( : et Ol ettY 4 cos (OF "Th nen Zz wos (x 429) pr SL ertya Y er. yerD a DE gon! ¢ we =10 449" — GATE-08 Cat) be olution of Ue ~ Yan = LXER, O20 Problenp]>— fab U with UtHof=o, Wel%e)= 0, [elecEon]:- Punellary Equation & of (t0'J=0 & : DbP-1=0 =) mott unt) = by art) + bart) Pa aft? _ €- het tt -t® Dre - 2b zk Utat) = 4, (att) +h, fr) wer z eR then UA H)=? Or = Ue (nite 6, = Of (a- HE ULH2) 20 DP sbilrst HOY =P Up (mO)= 0 D\ g/tal- glo) =O hla) + bLOU 20 FD bi tnj=o + bore) 1 (POE ef ,@eeanaa a an aaeenannanneaneanea a a - a a.oe Pay GA el 2 ce ubit}e fof AL Ce ‘ Bos @ *e ea unt) abe CEES A by (em He “9 Uplmgs=. by! CEAM) gy” (4m) “e Uta =O FD gCni-# tor) —2 20 Ue(mee | g/0U +4 Cr) = 0 G00) — gy! Ca HH = mee nay Pp Words Be g 3 & Hers Boe , *, utnth= (et) np e be ‘ j er te wat € <<) = &» ~ CM tp tn A Arend a 9 © o® 3 futnel= en->2 ] «@ ae Es (Ue A] ah | One, G Ce &e BR EOoTe fe FO) = (UD+HD4G) (0410 +b,0'4G) Od + bad $6 J Cr (a5+ bd'4o)zZ= 0 3 ap+he=-c# = oy - oft ba-ay = %& eee 7 aera Hem 2 tog et 409% a Yar @ - ver [Pcbleray;. Ac. peecenl sgoiu (040-2) a Wr Fry elf Vor fic) eX A OY) (ey eM FONE! Ff OrYd 4 (1 ery fe OT) FA fe OT) Eta-y)[3] [BetaFoF);- (ant bd) B =O sy Sob? B= nn gf a) j OF0 on Be OMY p(ba-ay) j bFO of ado, bdo, any of He above option then of Are: oF pee eee that op bton = tt lorreeés . lomerks 1, Option @ oct @, are correets NET Subjechive (Pre blem:- Knol the Ck of aa og SR 2. Fo 22 _ da gaa 2 2Mtsy 6. Dre ney 8yt e Oy me + Sin(srtey) Solution]: LAE. 2 Dh = Bony + 2Dy— Da Dy sgt gan! 2p — p40" = Dr anol vol 420% po! = DCI- 20)—2'C0-20J— (5-d’] = (d-20') (0!) — (0-0) = (s-0') ( 0-202} a, 4 bye, Gro oto eee era Le Get we Oy (may) HOG, (-29-9) 3 [®= $, (nty) He by (2rty)/ Argante 2hay thy® +4 29% 4 2fy #650. Ying Q-cleg ree CQuatina represent A Straight Line. if Aanaam A =0 4 te @ q 4 q 9 ‘ Merce given POE ch recluerbie (0% be Lircar factors - Gf onrehy te rhny # 2M Ofy -F 6=0 a Ag = « l Compare Ane Subptrtuke : ; € the vatues we Sirol é : « A=0 Or not 7 -« In proviour problem. i Se 4 A a np = tCeltRG) oy th. ° a (a0)[SSK RATHORE] [87 + [Problern) Bind the CF OF (o-s0/-2)J*z = 202% tan(¥t20) Gokatony- Here ants bed, (2-2 pe Be Og, (H3n-yp eae", (am) ) f= et* ¢, (30t9) pune gy (3a t9)/ Ang 2 (pai ot Jo markt NET sugrecriveE [Pro eM] in- rH 2S 4+t F opt2gt Aro (iro! CF) SatuFron):— (D*-+# 00! -40'*-2 2D 420/41] B= 0 3 [rate e (oro) 417 B=0 3 (o40l'4 J" 2 =0 Here acl, b= 4, Crt p ee Oh I) FIED, Oro OD Ay [then Fan) trot sectictble to Wreor poten Jr . ee ee purere b ard Rare connected by the relation flhk)=? [Fobiem]- (pe p'J& =O [Ean ee enh TAY. ghee b ancl h are epnrectect by the velahion AXk- ER ROTHORE ae) waeling PE]! . ppticable both for homogeneous (Gerered J [Me Ne ethocl._ Wits methoel uk a, ag well ag TON- homogercons orx 1 y 4 HY tL & i , é (0,5) Repber . $00/5') ae f DIG DDL Ra AA M&A MB mH. ; providest flours) FO Be ee gp FsI= es © nae 4% © pp Hed aD ; (6D cant)” g (oa); OMreF (no) fe. 4 ¢ « @ pe FMT x @ "7 b 1— corcan-tey)/8! Oy « ve $ (0,0) € Dry-ah : Replace aren 2g Dat mas 2 ty provistest f COiPs, ar JF (aah SFO axthy £ veiny anes ze cee Wr Fon) Lee von) #00 14, 044) é « . Myn 7 : cup 4 HY é / £05") Exporet bY bynemial theorem erther th eseentenscercling . t er of D Or?” ‘ power of s° €\ Kine! PE ae 1 ty. ip (S40 (D4 DERE = sin (xt ey) © etary. pp Losin toy) 40% 97 (Daa!) (D4D4a) : ate Sift-tey) 4 L @ 7 b& 4000! t0/%—2D- 2d! DY eno’ 4p" 2p-2d/ _ gin tx42y } 4 22 ett” Space F-¥0 -20" 74 Ud Ao 2 4 ~_ sintxtey) 4 _+ ony = —2b-%'-9 ” et tin trteyy 4 TY eD4eD tg 3 = wm (tottetey — —pnrateyy HA OY (29 410/49) (2942049) 4 a = —ebtesi-9) gin Curtey) # £0779 a (29-4201) e1 — (ep4es!’—-7)} x tLy sintaty) FLO gore gn! ’ 3 ' + 2DD! Bf ae (20 420-9) ginentey) FL ety = 4-16-16 -87 : 3 = oat [Recor cnt ry ¢ 4eortnrey) — 9 61n Cary] aoe xF ta erty bol ; at 7 -= A foot (nt —3oin Cnteyy J tL & w i ~ 38 [cos cme oys cS Ary[SK ROTHORE] EL 6 [Prtlem}— Pirol the gerarat Solution of (02 po! —20)% = sin (ax-+4y) ez-2 Here el, b= (Setubtoo]: bd (p-0/-2) #=0 = go) + rg, (ay) = dtyl Fee pe (arty) : pros te cin (30 #49) ~~ (Dt po'-2D ) 1 gla (34 449) = 9+, - etn (3x 449) : L S ss oO ae = GE —(2D 43) gtncaatty) ~ aoe) a 5 os ox 4 ten (yt 84) = pe ‘Y (o-30) = meh ton (9730) (5-321) = Me tan (y 484) ft meet tan (4494) 2, General solution ty [z= oP 4,000) FadX(sney) takeMtan(ytinf oz(Se RPT HC Le beHY gin (x-6y] (p+ 0't4) oF gin (ae 64) pl=—— 2 (Dapees]™ Cp ported ane = @ peat!) antsy, + ——— sin (8-64) - @ (949/46) - a-t3y a a ee _ gin(sa-by) “peng scF 2D! I2D/ IRD yey —— gin (S46) any tye feo #1804120 a antsy ee) =e 12.04 12D'-30° = yn So pptieese srofea ny) (120418035) (reptren't ar) Qnt 7 aoney, (motreniese) — sin(eats) (199 rep) t_ (ait en4ay ate eT epg ale) Te (Br op apt) 122 6) Fre Cos entry [eter (540) C8 2257 pay (~2 36-60) tty (- Gos (s¥-FY) 799 (sarcty) ot olor @ teocoittr typ psrsin( 1-0) s e_ _ [Equator Reoleicibee to Constant (ong gus) —Oo $ CRD, YOR = u uw put sey yre aoe yb = dD, 2p = Dy (2/7!) “yet b/ (0/'-1) ; . ' ang? =D, (Ort (1-7) yn" f(a!) -- {0/7 Substitu tog. fete value (> D, we obtara [Feo ode z= PTO: (es), f (10, 90') R= gens) puree ; yo” wtp? 2 dla) ~~~ @-F7) dz Te yon aCe) —- (AL FT} + of = Yu Preblers} - Solve: (nba ytol® —y Dit ADJ R SO (eoctieasp:- [ob Col-1} et (=) ob! £ of FBO a [dh gt- S24 KM tf] ZB =0 3 (fh att}esoSeR-RATHORE] r—— Be oS =e Sua tog e ye ew 3 Ustogy cop Be bu (UtU Fb (U-u) = by (499 4 toga) F On (4055 - 45) = by (oxy) F de (7 Ye) 3 ze Gy) + Cd | — [pkey (ath ytort) a= 9 +e Here nae Yyuztoan @ patatoa);— [ol (A -o Cad] # = a yeetyaslay g » 3g (a wide ee OO é (ota) (aed) CE ; é ee), (a : pee art Hele SE : ancl, beh GF = e SE Lg (uw) tO be (4-4) « ag, (wen) ede (OH) 7 ; @ = p, (ean Logy OOP hy (4099 05) 4 =o, (es) + 9 te, (Log 7% ) é = wort (4s) ‘ SES RECS . e 6 e 5 & & c 4¢ SOOCSSMOO OCH OAH OAD Prelersp- (n*o%-texy an! y?p!™ Jz = By Boution)i- ce [eter 4 add ANA JZ=0 Hen Bee prs Loy ya eltay vetory > [ot ot Ht rolot + oto! TE 9 [lorry % (ot 40 JEe (eset) (atte) 2 ae a bool, Go e-/ - Ort, noes O (OU) + et dy (u-u) = dy (fogy-409) + ba ( dogy-togn) dfeg (a) + rfbe PGC 7 Yo (Yn) + *Y Cad Pr = et (lea) (o40!'1) " . cp tet (of to!) (cltel’-1) 1 A jute - 4r-7) Je ~ at xty 72 1 Hertval dolutton Ww[Probleme]: - (a2? yPo!® 40d — —yat JE= A0g% (Galafiony'- — Puk wze™ eee [a we atta toto ot Jeo BO 3 [at-# fa atta tg PTF ao (a wz =u — 3 (aot) Ca JRF cee eee t le) = 6, (arto) Fee (499-40) = gulry) + (2a) gy (oy A Pe (J ae ee ee le fe (avait) rer) —— a = of? [t- @y') = “ regs T “ - 4 ee)" - 4 (ute] = = Sean AB Leneral solutton ts 2 General olution tf [= yor) + % on) hf. foe te a & SRRAAAARKEAARABRHARAHDABERA G “ fi Cc @yaa ° ° ® “e “e e e ia ® “@ a o® .® TSS Veer (NET & ANTE} Classi fication Second, Ordey PoE /?- anonccal form for Gilferntial Equation]: Ret Sea Tt AACE pasa? —oO 2 2 = 272 =< 2h t= 2 . Ohere Fe B= Saoy '. oye . are feunetons of % and J° Piretch. conve, &R, 8, 7 Or Fehone if a! . AB Fhe oftinse i ber bolo GEERT POL Ce karsiticctn® Equation On sp : 2 S Birelno.af forobotrc fF - S*4RT= Ol © chosen carmer eueplic OF S2_4RTLO [CaeT}:- Ovhem equation © c¢ hyper botee (S%-4RT Yo) Yao hororteristre egesiaim epuation OF oO a RAsttovrtT =O —@ Here roots are real anol oluttinct A, and Ap are roots of ® [Aas ayo] Say ) Now Charackerietre corer are given by oly 4 x, =0 & GW FA, 70 oa? an Ri Sor? rg CuyJEG vb BI Olas) =C Bz &lmyG & DOI=) Om teso wcharae lente wurves+ [Caet]:~ hen equation © & eteiptre (S% 4RTLO], ‘Men woot, oe real Orch oltetimct complex (A&A) Hee thoroctemgtre curves Lannot be veatctelabest7 TE 56) SLART SO — Clomplex wots ) oly A, =O a vy = afr Ft A Here, roofs Ore real” anol eguat fe A, = Ae A (Say) Now horace tenets vurve tt co 4aso oD [etmy)=5] Z [Fourl=9 L ture & only ObU Characters he cane, ger by RAARMRARMRAMRAARA A MD Number of Charackenthre “wurved aN Gn hyfrrbols =&[KRATAORE) HS? NET * [Prblem):— The verinble ¥ andl p which reotesce fo PIEO ae to “anontcal fort Pe oe Oe) Sane aye & = 7 . a yt ae, , 2 ie “as ers? yt , EF ye oo) a ne © §- ytart -; Qe yon 2s 2 yt on a va matey; OF -y- xtt 20 ; GL ARTE O- 4 (a) nt) = x 70 (xo) Ja Trang forrnation & Ayperbelic Charactenstre epuatron & RMA SAFTEO prent%o yp A= HX h Choroctentée curves are given by 2% th, =o alt J & tb ot 20 =} tn so 2 dy x20 Fees} & perier) + aeoeome[8K RATHORE | NET TUN 0€ [PebRm]:— Pectiree, thrs trans fermnéron atu — gechtx 2 =0 one aye a in Conenccat Ferm: (Comationy:. Pui US ACH) GQ sechtu-~ =o ——O o Rs bgt TE FE CHY PU Her, Red, SO, Ta nsecht a 4y 90 (ehesaye) GLIRT = gsech Y (HeyperboLic) Chorackeristre eguatlon ¢é RASA 4+T=0 pe sech*m 20 s) ae # sec h®x 7 Chore beatstr. turves are gtuen by oty — sechtx 2% =0 dat” ay® hp to 4 Bete 0 ty = dy 4sechixneo & ae = sech a =0 WH (A on y— taohy st a »@ SAQRBRARRHRHAAHAAABARHAARARAARAAA ; ‘ m a® ca ce : £59 = abe 2h 4 2B PL g %e Dy 2y 3y = [eh + 3k 2) 4 (FF *) AS 8 9g TH & ye 98 22 (8tfee fech'e (3p co Dee 3] -#)] “3 Ce = —RSec kta fanihx (esp a) Hieth'n 2 fee a “4 = ceckk FR ten oe & wel Catiohe ($85) 3 (36 3H) SE e ot e +3 ae a) 3 ) 2, oe, ‘, ) = sechn F atonhx (3b- Fp 3 | ae ote e eee One: 2, -- a (37 =) (-seck 7] 23 =) r= sechix [Faten ta ($F a) teeta (2 - SR =/2 t+ oz ; 6 73 ) (4 3G +3) 2 08 fae + Se 3er ar ay Pur alt fe values ro Dr We get Sec.b a [~ ate ba (4% - 38 ) +5 bx (24 5%) af roe. 4922 — sechin ( 38 4 355 eI ° 3 — etonhasech’a ( 28 22 ( asechty 222 =o 5 Ot opa He) 3 a . oe 3 Bee FL ein bx #2 ge) 0 ge Y + tarhx. anne aaa tanha { x = ee “akin fenb'x =4 te tanh? D, Sechane ST Fenbtr =) Sech = os sechn= [ey Bt 1) (3% “3 )= =O Axi der hy A DY My FEXYU ZO GPTEX cm - (Pcbem]:- PPE O af Uy, — (2) by - 7 (Rtg thins ty parabolic oS es an a not (9 (RS aad orysap . G filmer: yes ancly cep or Fone : ow Lom CRE: xe} {ens ee®: yak? Mere Re CH, $20, Te OO 2)% SU 4RT = 0 44(%-1)? (yea) D> tat (y-t)*s 0 9 Gerertys0 y Heb Parabotie 3 med & HEL “fs In RES , PDE && wok porobelre, in) o OOO OTH se ps® an eeeeoeeces Ces S$o%@ ABTE-OF [Feobheny: PoE An FINY ny + YU yy Q eleipee tm the reprorr MK Oy YSO, HYIL ® ecerple tin the regiort 270, 370, Hy Pde © parabotic, ce-the region #K% YOO, RYDE or hyperbolic, tr He regcor Meo, YSO, HYP [Sotachon]:- Here R=%, SF ary, THF i: ao SL 4ART =» Ge (gay gary = gaty?_ any / = FY (mys) 70° 1 SL 4RT IO ep hyperbotie th the regron #60, 960, A971 tH Cly FYUy =0, ther([SHCRATHVORE] [Canentcat Form]:- the POE Ana A BUzy + CUyy + DU + Elly ABU =G —M Now, we whonge thoeperolent Vemable m andly (ato £, 7 then D becomes Be ASEH OBS #65, 2 Sy Ta FE (Gy Ty 7 Ion Sy J FACS, Yy = OIF BI Ny + oH? Max t hay F CSyy *PFn + ES, - Yan F8Iay # C Py, t II, en, Ht eh ty 22 =o aah y A larenreee form. te — seea9n 920 5 oat dy? 3 Ug —SechF 4 yy 70 ——-—@ Comparing D with AUgy + BUxy +E Uyy + DUn tElry # Fue we gee Al, R=0, C2 —Sech?x, D20, E20, £20,620 0 RL EAC HOF eChIN = Frech™A DO CHyper totic J Ftechtg of th, auaclrory Cations are Roots AA AMC SO =) AX sech*n=0 FJ Az‘ Choracteriste eguations ares Mt bay = ay pd yg, =2 & Bt hy =0 4 % >) elo comme & 9 ye tanhn= aon, changing the theleperdent vanebs randy irfofen., eguation © becomes. : Be FE 4 tE nt F4 4 Ey 4Fued —© We egy + G5, F coe = fr (seven) eo gty F cose hn) 1 Be BAG te FB (Gay F Iahy) FACE % ao peu xsecktn. (echt J #0: Guy # Inf JRE” 8 € = = tsechtx & 7 oe B= AGax + Gay 7 Chry te * Ss u eds aSecha Sec hu Hina FO ot (-sech?n fio 4 OFO oe asechta tanha ep . Gp Ee i Aaa + 8 Yay + Coy tb, + Ely & weds (rbatechasechu tankn) #0404070 — = —2sechtn Yeon ha © Forso cd Beaso ° Substitating Ase atuer in@, te get a) &s € _B 6 &[SRRATHORE] ecb f eseck® tanhar 4% —asech x tanba “% =o a — tsech*n Gy sink 20 anh 4 / [Go 94 tendo 7 [sn ee (4- ue As. 7 ee fey = fonda € o Sethu. 7 taoken € 4 a 4 NET Gea) eee : ona [Petiem]:— Solve powienee . ; typ OMtan 28 Dotto ver ‘ = Fen ue (of tal , —PENLO eto a ulyo) = FO 7 Me ater ‘ tt Dems, Qe aot rere [RMU UO > £ [foreets 4 Pore 4, Lrsvangaun | ‘Ga 2 20, FEe0 . a-c% Be cat 07% EF9, [SelacFron]:- Here A=~ Cr B=0,; Mee a ac — ceo a Hyperbolic. 1, Rooks Of ayathary equation, Ge art BAC re acto +120 F A= # Yo q 1, Charaetertet’c 2guations Gree bs a a gtr? “at 4 =e ee he Se & Wy -ts ; omy omy © Gq g y= Cy = G eee jeer eonvestect into ep, 20 the given PDE (ntet] 4 fy Cx —® ae Tea MARA RRR EH &ep Utxop= flaje be F ba) Un(mess Cb: (tet) ~c h, Cm-et) 1 Ue (40) = glnj= Cc C ge) - OUT 3 gi = Gia) - 'o) G - flon= Gira) # BOA) a hr) ray + BOL —~-— ty ® 3 hove £ ft) +2" 95145 a & delays FOI— Gand 3 «i= FLO Ge Lag)% Substituting there vateer (9 Ove gee a ate Gintle ff (atet) + Lage FEF rE, Says z wee sp )ucdds = [fovece) + #Cret]] +f Lrfee] S-Kz RATHOR Ee] eo SPTE OF "ee ULE) he thes Stution of the one olvimentrenat wave Equation Fe une { aa inet Z ’ Orbe rete ¢ i ancl Ug O10) = Lf [alee of Ofktnurbe For 16€43, ut) =? [ie- (t-24/27 + 2 [I~ swin (1 €-4) J wt 4A [ae 22 «(set macs wor ‘ [ar— (e atpr— (atest + a © 2 -t,-4 @) a fee ert] te (ee max (4) v7 : 2 af Cguads Ble]; TG vate cf Ue (2, (0) Yoes not exaet- ere ie @ ( 0 [Paton]: for % Para bola: Characteristic. equations are dy phro Dp Paya G oft Ls Charartenchie ltrrve We atsume another Solutron QOOI = © BE: fanoees te 240 go & Ke given regton. ray) NETIUNE OF 2 wey Penn) (Probert J: Rectuce, % tax FRE May IN HE. tnto anonrcal form- 5 F ney ey [Sotatron}:- Here A= are y exrrey 4 0" 9Vug { equation to be foratobe, ef Ba 2 2 ei.4oce= F@ Hence, the qtven akifferentral Roots are given by A4Bi+6= 0 arte 4 pe" +et=o a (sesse]*=0 Dp A= me », Charackerigte eguatiane are giver by wy oF 5 3 oF =, cao e =0 Dp C% dy —e "dx yon wow, (G1 = [% b/s [ie | a(n) a ~ Ory 7c) ee 1 | = 2b oO taae : ea RAMA AAARAAANAMAARAMAMRARARA RAMt < pan gas s emooeceocesnancr Qe oe Givfotee. Ge ee * & Ie ore eX 2 OY = ou 4 aw oy _ x /oy oy Pe Sx at Sh Sp SE 19g a) az Mae MY Hy ww wet Joy y ov a= Oy = Og 3y toe et a 95 7 3m ) . lgeos [ oY. - = Hert (av _ sy vee oa (BA Cap) oy ~ $e ab ng fae _2y 2p a oy Og Sy M35 ree (#4) we [HE Sea ti (Bok BOGE HIT ce onige ae Oe vy oe +p Jz te OF a +35} Pe) =e (31% }2 oy = a0) [$e “He se ar / o oO (Se - Se ge a (48) = 2 Fe TS) “aye = (3 439 |= cy ae ee tal, a = % oY Teh oly 7 e 2 “oy of ou | (BOR) 00 Bet[SkeTHORE] Substituting Hay, values to O71 HERE ey =O CX Unx FEO Uy Old yy . , ay A rt a. ~ $4 | +o (See 7 ae (e- 3 & [Fe oy — oe] Le weaet”? [-e Ow) (Se 2) oy pr te pou pe [eC z ss) pe (se 13 +t fo Ayog (ee) Sy =O 7 ote of BL (eRe Se 3G te + (iter! -241) Son g (Doge ; pa ERR one Fe 2 po “]e gp eI G49 a BO be “ee) 5 Erin om ooo oy 2 - 13h Se 3 = Len "rin 535 on an 2 Be FR Ga ae which t& | fare cee ana ane aeee> ¢ PA O0n a8n0 ®@SCCeoeovneeConeoeoeo [Ettptce ie BUyy ft Bgy + CUyy + DUx 4 Ey + RU= 4 —O of Branco yp Lltuptye: Choraeternttre roots are Alte grate zo CRM are comblenD Characteatstre epuahons are. . be = ol - ot thy fo) & r= 0 2 glmeG RV = Co We Ure another cholependent- variable: boy anol fp t+ afin, pe L zi IFGBCT- Retyen ata pat BE no foe contat fom dat ay? Bolarony:- Hew ass, BO, CH HE gidac = ~F0 SO Henee the given PSE are eltiptre type tn nature: Roots are gtven by RAM4 SAAT =O Mantso [RE Zex] Choractenehc equatront Ore given by a #420 ae t Ay eO x 2 ae din ee 4 ee ot =e ry a yt eg =G & qe y- 0G q X Ord B ore a7; : E 70 Bey Deke penoteng- Var ables such that ‘ € 4 errs : 33 4@ 22", sf _ gn ay ss : € € € @ 24 8 dy FO $ - —§, j ree : ate e ¢ ae) hy fr} Aknsasye Lorvariy @ toto Hak form, € Subs trtating tere, Uddery tn O) we have wt de 4 yt 022 ye fo gee st FH) aa oP ape D BR 4 ot 2 ot Be nice ue eee € e e e a FF 2p oa) Bo e e e e | e e A[SR RATHORE] er] [Notey: Y A=, 8=0, c=0], H. bre (3% at equation ( 2% wy. fa=t B= cat] iD al a , fy + $8 = 0|—» peep. flupte ~ _ Laplace equation (34 “ To gzo, G=~ 7 stu ach 2 Cope ~My dae Wave equation * “et a 4) — Paraboti’e [PeBlem):- A) Un yy — % Uy m0 Hy perboere “ap: Una — Yay AM + 9 y need —) Hyper boti'e- & 2 oS ». yer — anys net — ap eee > Porvasotre + 222 so — Porabol’c. ANE 2 29 oo: we, 4? ae, +2 Sy yt ate 2a oe 22 — 222-32 SELL G5) 1 anten + Ug Uy =O Gay, nay-K Ie 222 jory. 3). He ° om 4) ; ae =oISR Ri ORE, [In_ thee Variable const: Of Ua x Coe bes Cor eft: of Cae a . Uyy Ac 7 Ua Yay Uae ~~ aa z A= RY BT [Ale #eT- 6 ao Here va [A/ blyper bolic [Af=o D Parabotic (al yo a ElLipere. ‘ation of PIE (7 TOT 3 : aS gu + To OF MEO SL a yp 8 © ¢ oi ie . AC OTe fOrstonks ny ong = a bac tome function oF (noleperelen te Variables Uy, Mp, %4- Qn A 4, | Da | Me Ses Jy Real symmetnic matrix tay %2 As Reeannanaa ai. If att -2rger votues Of A are MON-2e70 anc! fave fare sign except one ergen vatue” then sn ansformatton * 6s [eyberbotve)- 9 one wgtn value of A te Bere then the y trans formation i“ [Paratotic} at gf alt ergen vatets af A Me MoN-2 10 Oncol of- —/ game sign Hen the trontformation 6s Lettie). [Prablern:- Wan # “yy t+ Vee =? BetarOn], Yas & Laplace’s equation tn three - obimenuion, s Eluipite. g Here n=l, art Asse! ! 0 . Here gen value are 4,5. Az 0 ' a Ore I LyS ° ° i 1. AN elgen values are Pon-2em enolof same Lign- = Eliptre: = Uy #Myy = MBE) Un ty Mee? Get Mes, Myer! 100 , Ae [ +o / Here &'9¢€e values are 4,4, -4° ° Ver two U5en values Art, Same Sign Anol OM engen Value tt of clrfferenk sign. £0 pd Us perbotic. ee ae[SERATHORE] 148) Probleoy:— Unx # 2yy #FY¥a, = LU gy f #2 ya [elaFOR]. - Hee =F, Aag=B, A9,21, %2=-# Ay = 2 -_ fare Mea) tur) torCt) Hants —k alt'c. Fe ee Pcie ta [Brot method] net fort] = | Ol NZ | oO -2 td - Se Ua foestntens te Coen) taf oak eft = gy (haneted “U-A) (atesane) 8 3 (ea) CAA 28 5 ee 4-8 cs G) @) C) Her two ergerrakies Ort Fue f OnLerper alee, th -ve =) Hyperbolic YOMROHHGARHRAMRABARARARAABHAMRAMAAMEeeese0ece OCeBe See ee [ER ROTHORE? TF3 v.v-dmp (NET &OPTE) [Methocl_of Separation Of Variables /Procteict Methect]r- Uz UO, %,--— 4%) He Ute a fercton of %, %, -----%m, IT Hy, = = Mn Ore thalepenolent Voriobby- We ‘assume UCXL, Aen ea) = X (0) Xp Oy) -- == Xl An) By this snethocl, we tore sAeat, Wave Aof Laplace ~ eguatrong. i). Heat epuation (ont, tn one alimension) a). Mave eguation (Only in One ctimengron) up. haplace eguation ( teyo_clrimenaon) [Prim]; . Solve ve au = 494 —O F uloy)= sere 3k Sey Gotaton]s. [Tat Mmefhaok] (Kor objeetive toi thout uring Separation Of Varia bier) - (S- to'Juso F Ulayse PlyFex] ula) e-hla)= be? lecayy = ge 84rd] Are, Bool Methool. fe Aroctick methoct]* —— ht utnys= Ala) Hey) —@ Where G'¢nJ= 2G ZH 24 = 6'Cx) HUY) on / } pat tn © & oe = G(x) Hey) oy G'apHOb= 4GexpH er}ERATOR (285 4 ae 2 Se) = 2H) - A (say) sihreb & Of sefaras/e Hy) op variables ' BO! 4 3 Gey 90™* ea h, Put-tro @ . Hey) sad Mi 4-9 4 men 3 Hi= Be + Benreral Sotution is ¥ Uimy)e pe, Bet? = na dX 22 a ung etry) Ze ; ay - ulagje dey ae 7a ce” 5, Solution 8 eer ETI & ulmys= gor al gat) a Aes Peblem]:- 324 + % 3 = 040; UH 0) = ger% het ueny)= Xt) ¥4] —® [Satationy:- bys xleay VCH) oe . Pub to oy = xa) CH) ey . axon) yle) +% Cxmyvly] =o 3 Xie . ‘ tse * tel =A (8c) now, — lo) A Xo SS = LnbOU = Antind ere este eset esas7° (SRRATBRE] BE] ed D Xay= Ace S = oe rye ¢ ya) =My a - MF C 6 UY) peered sce & “ Ine -o -n ox A! a oy UH Oe qo" ge" = ce 2 © -% a ea ae 2 ae" tt 9 = 2 Sbempi- oy = 2 —2U Om (x0) = foe ce ® nia DE 3x ‘8 Bolton ]i- hat ulwt)= Xen) THe) —@ ae aye xlay red 8 a put OD ® oy = KOT ae id xo TH = xlen) ThE — 2X TEE) - ob a ce 3D xXoU Pree bet] = XEN TS oe » Aw =s Tie: = A (fey ry ? XO TlH FR ) &»y now, “a = d & Kent e? 3 x= PO uae oF & 4 Tee 3 Flt) ok % & =A F ARR om Tit} +e c ea SE > 3 tees ee? Gp

Yul = 2 yy yey) ye =) tr vy= a tind . 2) ye ped ayant X00) _ qi Ae a AF Atl 3 yp aoxtrys 23. J qo Fe ) xen eae” A outyy)s OBE Pas)~ EResrwor gy Some Gopertant Rew (i) iy: men ; : =f % : Ds [sin nx sro 930/36 fe : = ° 7 7 _ . ( Orie eta cenmx ternxoM = ee 2) sac 106 MH Pe conn or; ted OSD i gin me gIn NH AH = =o 3) wr - yrs ED cos nd a = ' 4). fon i: | men & nm ) fy, sin (—— 9: [ for= a En $ in( 2H Jol phere Ene & [FON (AR & ef y ([ Beuriex Sine Sevier. oe Rendts Jn Rrt Set7Te sf C% Ir ty ty} Pets te ‘deve egu® tr +d ry Os SLART YO 5) Hy perbotic te £2Ung 78 Pn A gh artzo 5) Povabolic 09 Prot equ? ee } Ue Ry =O c 7 t ir kD gt ga7< 2 Euptre sy boftares eguahion fi ui). gn # ty =O+ OMAK AMA RH M HM BA hy B&B MO RM BA DR mwa.ecoeoeceseoacasve -HOCAAHaD [SRRATHORE] as" [Heat -& puation (nm One pémens!on] !— Finn ae, finds th termpecatone di eribubion € a rod J atu, 4 th —D ; 06764, £70 gat eiberrere Woke, UGE) temprraterre cktetarbutron tin the Todt: atany fime: Wt Inotepenclerrt variables gorpourme) B x olut tance ‘ £4 time o% vat utetl= LO oliffusrturey Lonetant Ulot}=o — u(ot]=o— ‘These are Aomogercous &C- u(4es= O-® re U Cy, 0) = $m JAX Sritol demperature, dit fr'butron J Awsome that uot) = Beal GUE) the sodutron of D ou 2 Hen GLE) | put to oat a ay. Hen) 6) oe outer) ote) =p 1) aed > Hos 4 BUY = constont = ACG) —€ 2 amy 7 X ole) a 1 —O Now, Uu(ot/=0 > OF H(o) Git} =) Hlo=0 © a ules 0 > a= HEC? HiAJ =o re Gue TJ: fukn wee] Hien Oe HOA) = Ax4B Hej20 B20 7, ycyt)> 0 Toivial to”). H(4}z0 9 O20 >» ‘‘ . (tre, anit foe rt}& [SK-RaTHORET ia 8 [Care fi]:- When Actue = st (4 £0, Hica) — MEH CH = 0 3 (or at) H(x)>0 + Hex) = AcorharX ot BSInbNL Haj= 0 3 AZO Hao FD Bsinhul=o 3 Br0 t Hexj=0 > YUE) =° (Tovivral solution ave = -At (a top Mie. te sinbyeto) 7? [eme@eT]:- _When_A= Hen) APH Or) = 8 3 @teat) Hom) =O Aloe HF BON H =e zr, Heaje Horo DAaC HCtz0 D Bsinpe=O0 Gor non- trivrol salutron, (240) - fe thn gh =O 2) ML DT fe AGB HO BOT He Hex) x “Atel o Ble) = ~aw? ace) thot eae e ne Un Ort) = Hn) Gylt) gn (2tg*)e = By tn Sta (miex) -& 4 0 Te tele = sin ; an (C#) unc) Remember ve uOnaye FO = z Dn sio (24 ) adhere: Tabet Pec ).Sin(DZJAXL ) Remembers +}@aeae GORRAKRA RHA HSAAHRARAHR AAA & AM &@ vd Remumntey 7 e [ret I> UE RUny =O, £20, OLHCL Ulet) =o i At Ms ine taceofeyen) —- (Remade eae e Ul(ftl=o € - Usegtr} - w — + feoue > Sn sin ( 222) en* beat ty J Racoumbe Ser : Whe u(e,t) =U(4t =o WO) sateen) 7 ates j OKC L Where i— For the oliffusron prbem Van = Ue (0k4<7, #0] (Ot) =0, ulmt/=O0 g UCHo)=36I02% The Solution i given by WH se! cin oy er be* ginrox 9 |. ope. © 3 oa o Gemecrnes. _ «¢ [SR RATHORE] im wht gs Kandi). Unt) = 9 t ginax (of type) < Uax = — ne’ ernax = —O ‘ Ups OR oP cinan — e Componng the co-effof of sinax in@alis, wegee Fake FID € Ey poe. © 4 comet] ad Me 9 eg ay option methooh € Now, Here L297, dot ey == dn sin (DEH) ie (ate Je her uct) 4 ee = 5 dn Sin (Ox). & ny tem nme aK Where Dnt 2 fe sin (022 ) Oa =k ([ asinex » sionr bX or ° = & a, j Dee ; v ° y vdD ~ [3 ¢ 22a : “fo; nee t i Tene) = seinen ett ] Mae[SeRRATHORE] [337 So gu a Ce OU mt Se wee uso, when x=0 for allt >} Ulot)=0 Uso, wha xel fer alt =) Ultt)=e usx Co (9%) = pete too uty) =f) = Ax, te (44) on zt ca . 4 [Gamat wcr.t)= Z dose MA} e . a a etatte (vee) = E Insin (2m) eae ner r) Wheres — “4 fonenene e . e . £ [ool (an Jala f fer cinema] .@ : , 4” . e 4 +a ffemea 7 af ¢ “ ' cron ) 2? Leds} | ° — fle) efor _ ws onatt dag | ce “ey I ! &) J 7 A, at) a re cin (22) a a 8 [ER te) te J] ce te fe ogg, ot) v(o,t) = u(at) F8 . ee ee 3 vUyt) o=3 = Ul teh F8 @ @ @ g @ @ é @ 6 @ @ a @ @ 4 ee oma, e « e « @ € e e é € e 6 e a a eS Vine = uae) Cte) Pur t= VO, 0) = UH oJ FAX AB = HK C1-H Jaane’ 3 vou = Yhen our problem becomes ety = a ox ot Bo: Vtot)=o = vert) ip in ea pay te = Dp sin(nna en” nt! aeE & POP oead o Be it s RAT] E PTE eg HORE, [Pst — Concer the aimenttoral heak- eguatron au =o ff oengs, £0 ve dat . Cod the tnitial veonolréron, aloe) = % cos or x and the boundary Londrton 2 (04/0 = 2% (4%) ae on 4 TH Kemptrature ult) tk given by . 2, SQ) utatye te ORE coe cor. 4 -ort Ler utnt= S42 Cen wre | we wt= toe Sty QITK o) Ubee= Horde [SotaHory. Cheek by grver wonel'trons GIN LTH» DE, ylme)s eestere ~~ Be Uy (oped = Ya LEE ? Optton © Gt Lorrect. Lp keel Quu ton . [Pablm:. Tre heat flux F at (fay &) & given by ~ qn, ET Ge ore ca : @) Fe aor eo ME 22, @ fe areihe 2 @) Fe -47re me : want (Rormula}. Heat Flya= “8% = Ore Gin 0TH. ° [hie Se cae cof 22ST 2 ullojza, HUL/= 0, x, 7Preblem):— py = BL, mxLL , #70 Se 8k w (Ot) = Let) =0 u (72) a—n(2 2 ag nig’ « [BRS ume) = Z In sin(ngt) & & whore Dn = 4h (s- cso) = age aa ucting mate Ae fer pivakere. at the © ar Ci. (00 nee 1B homogenceas Cone cnee Probie ancl at 0%, t felts unifermey tempo rature hay CS i 7% 9% ends, irl tHe % Oc the, yo: | - o wee oe os Se al Equation of tau Hine passing (ar yy) are CR) Ye-%r (A-H) ty 2er bivtributron be Hrough the for AGT temp. ee Ce? o, YrO= zr’. (x-o)= SE rah Z° (Lire OA) Equation of the fire AB gre 220 (an) = (OH) oo (a) 7 av BX OLN. or (oa) Bool LAr z afucntl= Zon Stnfnet a at of Kngth ‘ar B _» (0,0) pantsdu at oe oS £07 “e pas pee eon ; a) U(ne) = sinsx , for Osage o® u(ot) =O e® ulemes =e ce - a . A( neat je . | (BRE: 2 = Dn sin DY ee” ("a6 ce. (ARQ: Utmt}= s 22 . fs pee i wane Doe fe! 9 ee © - ot 2 gn an eet ; y ‘ -£ sin ax 58 te Utne = a sinn & xm ° (Problem 1. AB, unlform rock of 20cm tn kength c , 1 ty sioles. Gt endte ane Kept at- i tnsulatect over (Es fe. J « , ofc and the intial temperature ts Sine at ~ a olittance x fom an ends — féthol lemprratore °° Unt) ab etme & given that ef au =a® du om “Ot ne ep ; Edy si sainty “o. [ANS]:. ulate) = z Jn sin (224) mt © 6 > Like Dp = o [sie (22): sin 22% obx 6 ° . 7 i 200c0 —— C _ ater fee es Ulat) = shea) e wn. of Eo © z ° Geng esicnn eo Cc > - Ccwith es, wonelitren GU remenng froile ap tia (iw u(et) =U, t) =0 EK LY, ii a ee (ec or eee amy TR enc [cae] [Rhin the sconotrttons ore Pot homo geneous] + Prbemti E@O (In previous page / Tas] ars/net/oave [Pecblem)'- Pre encle A ony B Of @ Teck gocm Hong at the femperature at 20% 280°C Yntré the skeacly Stole prevacks The kemperature of te ends a7 the wehangect to #0 4 60%" Fired the temperature of He Tek atany &ime t+ [Sata (en]:~ for steady state flows, temperature cfoer not- depenol on t. fo (ELS — ve Hae 20 ie : fir _skacly state flor ay 2 OY Scorers f 4 0] dat J UHAnte at x20, Yr30 BD B=40 - gab we2o, Yoke 3 gos 20x #80 FA= Ty. = UlH0) © yon) = Foy = SA #40ed (SR RRR) fe Alter sleady state, temperatere (t changed ——y Yo'e 6o'e oy = + oo ulart) = 49 “1 pron- homogtneout U (20t}= 60 V-(o,e7= Vl20,t/= Oo * f$oreu(% Y= Sa430 pis “ pint te wt) = =22 Lzcosn 7} Sr De $05" ery. Vm ts = z, ( n ) $e ' 2 nny hE Co uty, t) = atTo -2 =z (eugene) = : Aes 1 [Giken Both ends are sel obect ji— Heat 29uatron ay . + Su —@O ; 0dmee,t70 ge OE D 7 oeneey U, (%t) =O + we Uy (Lt) 2 OE u (1,0) = fla), [SolHog]:. — Astume, Utae) = HlaJalt) —O he gatution of O Uy (0,tJ= 0 > H'(o)= 0 Uy tse oF HILJ EO Hoy = 4 stu —tonstont = 4 (Sey) 7 Henge - - . ocak“[e (Gaceiy:- [Kher {Se KATHORE} Ke KOTHORE, We] HY CrJ>0 = Hira) >a PD Htaje An#R uito}zo = A=0 H'(L)=0 = A=0 eii]:- [oxaee_) jae ere] Het) (Oo ft) Heaseo Hoaje A Cosh AP Sin be -f BM COshMX ft Bstnhum tC) = y'lo)=0 =) BO (Ce fe) HY t}20 > A sinhul=o7p 6=0 Cuneo) 5 HON oF u(t] =0 (Prvral oluliony (arent) HOY= 0 a Hin) = A OSHH oF BSIN HX Hien) = AM ginpla F BA COs MH ii(ojza =) 8-0 w(t}=0 9 psinwe=0 sy #o) ee ge lai ging hoo >) sine MLE DIT FDS NBS ~~ d = 7 [w= 22 Pz IBBH hoon Prtr ORE) mani ncluoting f17s€ ~emtfe af Otte Gene he sinnm 5 TEN 8B8IM a thro vote) ananaa aana - SRAM AARAERHA & 2 : 2 aa a mm 6 _ 2 : a[SKROTHORE, = =4 (PE z hotey o neo. £ Where | dn = [409-01 Catoe i on018 GOTE-0F - a 7 £70 eter |:— ate ed dat oe Uy, (0 €) = Ux (44) 50 U CxO} = 2tost 7K (Balaton): Here =r oe Solution Ig tm olution Is * oy entre uint) = En errs e 2 tre, = Do +E dn wire) © ae ner pe 74 lhere Snr 2 fawitan coamanda 920.4800" oO i 1 2 do = %& f fiayan = af? tos® orn on 2 ' [U4 corer) AX 3 t = 2 [xt wn nx] Bee eo ogee t B bys & [fen Corner fe 3 2 f dearsrn, cornsrn dx 3SKRA THORET. 1 ds {ltes 27H) bosnan dx ° 1 oda + 2 f tos 2% tos nar fx, > 1 = 2 [ornrr ° : He ab eff = € = + [ein na Pa son me ate [PEO : —_ one aeza fore EET a noja aelt e on = ott ft or elt bolt = 0+8 AK cor Bt L geen tu 7 { Oo 5 DER o Hon ts on fe ____— J, Sole “TT oa 7 [uceed Dt eT HE ng — _ Imp ayi- 4% tnsulatece Voc cf King h thas EE ae age the temperature ¢ chads A one B97 Reb et a% anol 6° yes pectreedy un tie the Sbeady S6abe conetit prevaces * Ye tem perature 2 the notitron é Ord ft sucoienky yerltecl CO OC and keptso- i the, Tool . Fiect the egeettir fern pera tare oF taking the ord A [Sekution):- Heat ¢9uatron “6 & ry gty 4 2 —O é ae ono oy ng Ua AXFB) Gor sheaoly ttate flow — 2 20) Sa mscoD ae & _ yet) BF Atta DMw= | 2 utatjs lephx fas fey RRR AARAAAMRAAAAHAA AA ARMA AAR MMA A MD* LE ay at 24 Tank qe with Bc Ulet}=0 u(ht}ee i U(H, 0) = fray mays Eee [ur eee where Dn= B ft é AATE-L6 (Penlers]}:— au, BY 20 wth De a oxe Din bin Ulirt) gests $90 wv Uh ot when x20, USO When ado 7 Yat x, o BsinAL=o givial wlution B#0 for NOr- 1, sin ako of ALE pare DF jp nchte - ‘ : wh Upta}s By sin (DE ep (2% ctl) bit=0° 3 aft)= Deas et d+ Esintuct) ey bls me E paluettt feo ct )P ce t=f 2 &éNow, rs GloJ=O 3 E=0 olt)= Dos (Mct) = Dy Cos Cexet] Solutinn ts Olnty = Yous gles Untxt) = Mla) 4n lt) = Fy Sn, pan J los (Pze4) U(x, t) = E Fn $in(25%-] coe (2e¢/ Le. ber CMwry utmo) = cn z fin Sto (0) [Fre [Fel sin (Joly | Remmter fvur | a 2, bo" SE ee J OLKS ia ° u(et) =Uu(4tl=o (1,0) = $88P) O Ug Cred= Gea =2 ‘n (DIX yorce- utnt) = Zz, Fp sro (2) cor (neret-) z [to ) Lin (2 TH | ox, Whe f= Mn On) . Bp Sto a) Gtt) = 2D Gos (wet) # ESthact] =) D=o Glo) <0 On (€; wOne, : P Remember aa ! AA @ wwe *®eeaa am aman amma aaaoars oof NB OMOBHOO AS Ue (Ht) = = En (255} Sir(nay) . cor (nrc Ueto Flap = z Fn (Az } sin (PX) e/ £ iz CS) = ae Sin(RE# Joly +4 # 4 ; =] Fa = ae f god cin( DJ Ly Remember sz ate | ognch , €76 g = — ah Oe u(et) sulet) =o UOGoj= FO) | 7 G L C, 7 ae = gl | Gane umomebss IANS]. uty, t) = = Sin Dire neu (% cor (DHE) + Ensin (nace 4 Where Dp = + SL FoI) Sin (DEH ] ol e En = Soe foe gf (24H Jobo. NET oO Problem): Sy = 0® at j OLxe4, 47/0 3B ; att Be. Uuletl=o ,¢)0 Le etre) ob 1 Ux (t}=6 = 1: Meee J Va Omhe Ry Cx, 0) “ Solution te Ulm ey = Z& stn Crt aro cuffens jreep z Were En = _-— win LBBel) x. (20-1) areSKRATHORE ate Preblen):— ae = Ff 0Sxaer uleel = UCT EJ=0 ume) =e then ume — Gog xsceine } A, (Sinn c O = f “(B) 4 (Sing cord ~ Sinay coset) + Sine Cort —. FOUN cog ake = (a cot) ar Neve of these. Solution]: Ulxt)= A (Sinn cart — Sox coset) 7 UNG raj Raye) Ulead) =) utat) £o- [Patlem]:- oe 2 oj 0S4S™ ~ ome até yo 40m t)=0 - let (Sinn — slo2m) aco ak Up (ne) =O When feet Utntde? (Qs |SobuFor}:- 2 ; tine) = Eo hm snag) on St] Where Reda 4 fro sto (22% Jy. Me cet, bev, a x ° > _ in (n ‘nt fe utnt)= & Fa sin (GP) ext)Whe Fre 7 (sion —sinan) Sinn ef 0 ° a R oT ar ve [ [sinx. sro nae da = Soirrxsinvg da] ° vo F, oe & yank fi, ging core £ Py Stax wosre- Ulmt) k [sinw wrt — Sina, coset], @ <8 [Problem | Uee = C2 Ub .8 Uugetje Ub, t) = 0 ' , 9 Ug( ne) =O + urcuopaX/e 6 OK Kee Ler Ay ence & sn » pene . u (ot) Ute) =e . Ucn, 0) =O - 2 Ug OW oO) =Vo , [ERE] fy = SMA (-e0"] D one @ cbemji- uy = e atu given that , (Postemh- ye ane > i) Uso, when 220 wee > iy ee, Whn x26 thE b (yy Ue 3A 1 OLHLA } ’ at t=0 » = beat, acne ‘ L-a Wy 2420 oF t=0 17 ne C047 (ARG: f= 2bes sin (nap, a (Lanta[206] Preblem]:— ty = ty oe ah Yylet) =Ultl=Or t70 Y (i) UCM e) = sa ae OoKEE a) ae 2 & ohn (ME) cae( (B27 ) e003 pay ee in (ME can (at) — gp sr HY (2 NET > — 4, Lo [Problem] :~ ‘Pre poinls of trftection “of co tbving putlect a gile thitugh a clretonce A’ cn bbe Gppes (be gider of the perme of epurkrarive are thé String tt reteatect from vest» Peatve a7 enpress(on for the string afar subeeguent ee and show that the middle pont of th rlring Qkways remnant \lencbant: yey = Boe on) (20,-h) Ot f bn » pe xge fone nse pen cet angst np; ole rman u(aé) so we u(t t) = 0 we Up One) = 0 ee @ & RHRARAAARARARAARA AM mmes [ER RamORE] ROW “ ; [SekaFen):. ucrt}= = ee eT (Pee) ® aL -® where Int oo cm ha Sin (D2) ol 3h °® woo E> [x sinPZt dy A * 3h = _ I: cos DAN ‘nD. ce = 4 E (rat) se Sin Bom na/ sh rt op ; ts Cal], ép _ Ah [ (4) & one * (nr | ep ~ al 2h Sy fs Dn = a he BAH) € . 4 wets ner } ~ 294" ene} ob at evr in (2 } BE sin edb n € = [th in (ne }— sin PRE op it sin (2 } & J) mR [th in DIT flr ue] = Ih sin OF. Cy fae eee a 6 B e 6 » e aash [SEROTEC] pas] “tare fie fe tet fe LE “amt 4 Un) ae ae sin 0 = Sb aoe jp Me heae~- oe me Janam). cos (2mEt] mr put > a a rtd Hence, ere ino diturbonce on the foto le porrt of the string: . ene. = Wave equation ) * = fn) utna) = ston a ye BIA uecno) = 9 ei CE aaal uci BE [BelaFen]- Setution of wave equation —aget- utney= ¢ 1 presets FOOT + se 2, facet mee att 4 [raintree) tn Cr] +¢ i fs mae 4 CONTE ote) ov*? ry] Utne? & 4, &@ & & ~ ae aan em rd =~ ™ ay ane ‘ anna & rs - ‘ a ~ ~a a @@e RIDA: aa0 POC ageeaor: wwesesesrvew Fue vUeseeeeHeeoooseeseee OOM anrsf A é re Par keedar ase of 2 Equation):— (mr Lapéac 4 heat epuation th BB) fror steacly state concliton 1. Wher Bkeaoly Skike tegen gty=0 —O ce 98 4 24 20. | ane. ay Yane are bud typed Of Canolitions. 2 [Caer veus0 . BE. Ulmgyeo POS Luca}: fer) U (ay) =0 Hee RT (ars) = 0 ogxsa (| Une for) Arne (m3) 29 EL (0/9720 pon. trial uloy) =o ~ =0ov =o glo} ac Ulr») wa eee u f%9)20 . ty) 2 yoo rer conatne 4 (0,4) = 369} uso} 0 Ao afer, 4(a,9) =0 ulate G9)! Rowena eater’ [Noi] ) a function Of % Kt Glen then ee take aMenglanf = —ve (fie k=-ve)} ¥Y Gf function of ¥ Gren “then buy (ke Konstant = +ve (Caras tue) : Heb utmoys fot F ufays oF HOleo um sh eo U(onppe OF HEE[SK RATHORE] three Lines, thire Kno wchange th temperature, > Here atong ° uth ne uta) & either @ furehdn Of- and along fe x Orye 5 For Sttacly Shake, Uy =0 Una tly 7° Te Cus seppee ayy] = HCH) BOS) © Una = Hw) BC4) uyy = HOH) BC9) uty,o)=0 = Hex) 6(0J=0 xy Ge) =0 utay)=0 2 Hlaf=o H(0J =O NOW, wu (oyj=0 42 cw ( Here Hae fy [DTH MnO = Co ( a } iy = A769 - > btyJ=6 cosh My # Dsino buy uty) = 0 3) HO blo)=0 F a (C=9) Aly) = Dp so (Bly * a 7 ‘ i 3 uty Je FOV E En Sin (DEE) sinh G2) "a Now, +, By sin (DEA) = Lf pod af (BI ) de Od ° a M 2 a . & jn (DIK Jal “ [En anew) ay [tel ez") IY Remumter DPR RAaMRARAHRARHRAHAMARRAARRAHAAAMRA MAANaga¢ So ke vyrervrvevveveeeseoeee@ Dane , d >» > > d > , » S G G So e ¢ & & & Ee G & < [SK RBTHORE] jy 1 fr - nT ' fiytad = Sn Sin (25H) [fet = | Blue C cohuy + Dsinhuy Bl 0p € Ws hub + dSinbub =O tok wb Oe a Sin hi habs Sinbay 6 ote [toh ny — oxhaet see] ¢ [ichaiy sinhinh=eirhcit wiohws] sinh gp oikatey) ty = &n ginh fae] ty) = (Dae sink [ELH] ty) = Aa . £ UOGt = z Pr, S'rYS:K RATHORE] Zs RE/ pay gt te regurrece tC Schve Che Labsore egee tron perp Sy ” é oe ba Coma, C¢¥eb ; . jetve Mify ing he BG Satrify tng 6 hea “lw, Oy 7 pn) c MEHO) ae - Bien eMt HOn) 20 Gy) = i ules f ben)=Peoshy x UCayl® FO) ferction of y. 4 Rsinbpt thir ths Solutfen I When yob “ ; « inh in 2 @ “Cui = 2 sir sin a) ginkun Fo ” for ony &. (8) wry) = Eg Gwin Cey sin J TIE] Sink Ce eT eeny) = = G sink Ce sin (22) Seka Fian]:- W0%¥) = Xo yey) HO) re - ~Xou pistso F pee ©) Ulnyy = Z Cn ner yen) = 00% 4ac* Yiyy = (tos Ay Dai AY : Xt) =0 and ¥lb)=0 prin dbeo > Dba ne =pd= AT cz0 Ypty) = In $0 And X (20 B AFB=ODA X(n) 2 Ace ™ ) Kove BASIN Xnotye An sinh dn® BRKRA BAR HRA AR AAAAARA AH HAAAAMAAA A &wwweewvwve cu) Un (yp = Arle) Yo 2 Un ly) = au ( i} Any. dolution of thut By or Ban sinknxsinng pet (2) $ Qn 'teshnx sinny. x ner = @ ZB dp sinh ne Cony, ney (0) FE an cashnx wsny. x na - Gy (TY semny af an adolrtionad bounolary. fonoli'tion fs dabiefiee, then UCHA) Mequal to we (ee) (et pe) @) 0 (Cra (e ot} er aw ( eke) (e"pe7) @) ET (ee) (eM per (ute ayet}2 Bataron:. uty,y) = Z An shhu sinny 4 =) é UW (MIJ= ZX Wen corhe. sinny = SiIny . € Uy (9 A) = . _¢ ° : 2 “6 GI) = EE Gn Sinha ginny ete peepee” = ‘ Yalty) = Siry iS 7 - . Uy CT, IJ = i Aon ahaa sinny J 9nr cosh nar = z [Sig sinnydy 3 a what a FD = toshar A Und) = Sinbx tiny = SOAK. siny shor 1 WOE) = taba 4 [Pesblen]:- [Divcchecte Problem for @ reclong ie] ‘~ [Problem]: fine the sbeaty state bemperatine, fr a thin rectangutoy pisbe brurced by tbe, tres V8 RY zY MeO, 2A, ¥20, ¥o6, He erzer ¢ Ve Rept ab ten-feratare zy tA the 9 Gb 1S RepL a Locks RReerR};~ for Wheaddy State Lempbratore , t= conctont fe ov _o dtRas] [Sottronp: — Two limension heat equation th Fier steady state 34-0 oy 4a, 20 paar 0? Oak Sy? jfaoe Uuto, ¥) =0 = Xl Seyjza =} Xto) a: u(ayjzo F Kla) Yly=o 2d XC u (40) 20 2 x(n) ¥(o) 20 3 yiols.0 Ut, b) S100 A x(a) WH = 400, tt the Solution of equatron Ose Ut4y) = XV) i, oyu yt : Se = xen) & os 3a put 24 @ ay yO, Weegee pe = xi ~ x"eay eg) 4 XOTY (G0 en YW = cane tent xa) Y When Long bent hauling valu, Zex0 or 42 ther we get trivial doliction. bie oo not Consialer them, Ce at 5 Kea) X(a) = A Cog AR FBSIN AX Since Xf0fH0 PA=O Kap =o 2% BSP AA=O (or non-trivial golutron Sin kOreo fac nr hE BE 1 Meth GS c & & & q © 6Xn(x) = Bn gin bn yi 2-8" viy) 2 Wy) = co) ae vyta} 2 . ctD=9 (oe=e] od yey) = Clee a] = eC ginhhy Yat) = Dn Sih Any General Solution + Uptary) = Anu) Yo Y Un tus) = Z Kol) Yol 9) —— In An ginhdng 7 tape E Enh fe) utxy) = én RR Re w ay a em hm im ucx4) == 100 Put yok i , yttb) =F En 0 wy a sink (22) = 2 froosio G]* DL y Siok DT. =400 o a . Where Ene a ae IA = geo | = oe (ocor-!] le sinh (pte _ 7. _ . Ey Sin (Ga Je 202 pera] 202 fio")(SRERATORE] ary Evatuate the Steacky temptratere, (n_vrec tongutay t,o! anol width ‘bl. rhe giles of perature zero And Lorler enol a J Grol upper eolge te pepe en}: plate of Lengtl Which Rept a te. kept at temperatere Fea oe aay. 4 + $4 0 —O ey Uloy) <0 = lero Uso pe ae ulay) =9 3 Hlasro eal ue (a) ulno) = ft) My (b)= 0 Auume utnyye HO) 609) 1g a Solution uvend a" - ae ate ZL constont = “H(A FO) Untade Bn nin (DEA Y Ae oe, me Ye br Gly) = 6 Ceshdty + Dsrrhey J ly Csinhey POM AMY: au =0 3 htajaod csinhub 4D cahub=0 ay [Yb —¢ Sinhub ge a “Cos hth Dene rat Sotution ig = Upntiy) = = Hn ny °, oy) = c [toshury ea cos cx) Onl ¥) LUG Ye hub - “inky: sin har] posh 2. On Ys Dy bochn Ed) = Dpto ne ( oy[sseRaTHORE | (4B) ——— b foo Zz Eq sin (222) cas he net] _ —_ z, En cork, DEB) sin (24 J we ulzo)e fad = or, cash. (2b) = 2 [Por Sin( RI Jo. : I: a Time bo fe Bigg LLG BP LPOAN (OA ALG IA pepigtty B00 CARRE. temperature tn o, thine plate by the, Lire, 429, M20, & 420, YO that heat cannet— aicape from the roles 420 And x=a berry pept Yh Lower Udge Y=O ts pept- 0 tt pep af temperate MAKE oF Jetnel. the, SeeAcly beurded Atsare erther & at temperature 0c. at temptrature fen) aoe Y= 0%: ° : [Batatory:- PPE bee sty 424 20 . rae “ Cail FF ken aC crvface’ The $ aE u(o,¥}=0 ue (ayJ=0 uno) = fA) lim 4 =0 Lin B19)=0 wd C9} a4, tnen) = bn SRR) i ne tger~ 8h= RE Opty) = Corp DEM + bie Gptyieo =) [C=0) Yaa as nor; aan cn ° 2 fe anan aN ant alt nat ant aa ~ mo!SK RATHORE EK) ‘ Gnty) = Dee _ ar Yy (10) = fo) = 2 en Sin (DIA) Aa to fineee dong plane cncfgrm_ plate 1p bolol » gles to them acl. at emperatere hy tice porated eolger end ab right a0; Yhe brent te I TRED endl th Maintat y ages ave QC Zero Lmperatare” plate roa Ue ae att pois Grol othe Sb fhe kmperaterre a any points Of the Sleady Shake imine SS ulyo) = Ye uley)s 02 Ut, 9}=0 le Ul) > 0 ve Semi sin (erm) (Gotak on] MPU 3) = wht Enc oe fr-cu] co When n22m nT c = 440 when me &e3- Eam-1 gm sr e G c © & c g & So & oTTOy [FisBiem) + cal = Se jf ence Ulet! 2ulyt)=o : 34 ‘ € Ulmepe= [AME]: Ula, t)= Aas (Crt) tinsra . [Problemy PE: = By ane “let = WZ t=0 &lx,0) = io (Ea J Ug Oref =0 [Galeton]: Satetise rg 4 Ulatseo Dy dofenn | fe ty) ee] » force} € Hire Aeh era : € Sp ulxt) = 5 dp wines cos (2x } - 4 oh = ee oe Dy = & Lf 8° CL). sitfege) tn ‘ > rn : “ap [SME sinnealt € i a o a2 {ft (Birt — 4 J stn n bot a ; 3 1 = Eee & Se J Sth (3, 3 [Sk ReTIORE] pez] co 7m : Benen |i- Seve ~ 7 = « atuyy so =ford) + dea, oey cht nn Tyg = oe tte u(1o) =o autx,b) ee uloy)= 9? a) Ux (4 i Aly) . . y . 8 C& toh Ext Fas aiok (OE o]somes : agp. WO) z, ce , 7 pr ) yoly y ne die ne (uhere by = = & { ger nebE) 6p topes (2 aod snot) JOReF og ine bE) pi “e ‘ 9mp for GATE} @ (mb | : o RG enh problem] ; aa ie —— 8 poe, . S yy Be 20, penen pe Oe y)oo - BE e(oype AO (ab)= £o) Uy (a0) = Uy . ; $ JT Hl [ANS]:- utne)= Z, En 608 (am at } tor 1 Feo co( 02) , be cae narsiob (2 ) 4 L£EOoOCMHOMOCeaONSAS ease see eee« a \e pe BATE 0F Preble] gf Ula] gaticfy the fave uation] x esy ; x ER, £70 yuo = gy a 6 He . amt <1 OSNKC 1) a Sin am ; Ente abhercotte Uy (H0).= @) Tere are Watues of at which utyt) & cliewconfouou ule) ug continues bak Un (x4) Us not Continual» " ® cyt) Ula OH t) 5 Uyx (at) Is noe Leon tr nteoers cy U ® X, contioiew ner une) ad gmooth. Ar caer :- seen eae Ee Catet) 8 Ete ct) ] utyt) = wa th denivative => uct) smooth we oN = fe continuous and atio every (3 conti nade: A aN SAR HAH & Om Hm my