SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

BY-

1 K.Manasa

2 S.Spandana

3. P.Ravali

4. B.Shivani

5 K.Blessy

Name of the supervisior : N.Madhu

Date :19-09-2017 and 20-09-2017.

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 CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY

GANDIPET, HYDERABAD-500075

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mrs/MS______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________bearing Roll No
_________________________________________________________________ had worked for
holding “SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT” III/IV B.E I semester of CIVIL ENGINEERING
in the academic year ________________________

Project Head Director

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S.NO TABLE OF CONTENTS Page .No.

1 ACKNOWLEDGE

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3 PROJECT PROFILE

4 ABSTRACT

5 INTRODUCTION

6 METHODOLOGY

7 ANALYSIS

8 CONCLUSION

9 RESOURCES

10 APPENDICES

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We feel great pleasure to submit this live project as a part of soft skills lab.The live project is prepared on
“SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT”.This work has helped us in acquiring valuable knowledge regarding
applicability of practical knowledge. Only the theoretical and bookish knowledge is not sufficient for the
student to achieve our goals.This live project is playing a vital role to develop the practical view point of
the students and making them aware about the practical problem opportunity and real situation of the
organization.

We heartly thankful to Mr. Dhamma pal for encouraging us and providing proper guidance and brought
our live proper in a proper channel.We would also like to thank N.Madhu for who helped us to know the
brief description the project.

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 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Name of the institution : Chaitanya Bharati institute if Technology

Subject of the group : Sewage Treatment plant

Size of the group : Five members

Objective of the group:

The project deals with the scenario of sewage treatment belongs to the north zones

Of the Hyderabad.As Hyderabad is the fast growing and thickly populated city the

Sewage produced will be in huge quantity. This plant treats the effluent and provides

Healthy Environment.AS there is a scarcity of water the treat water can be used for

agriculture and household purpose.

The main purpose of this project is to know the extent of waste water treatment being

done in hyderabad and the various methods used to the needs of the people

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 PROJECT PROFILE

 Increased generation of waste water

 The principle objective of waste water treatment is generally to allow human and industrial
effluents to be disposed of without danger to human health or unacceptable damage to the natural
environment.

 Irrigation with waste water is both disposal and utilization and indeed is an effective form of
waste water disposal (as in slow – rate land treatment). However , some degree of treatment must
normally be provided to raw municipal waste water before it can be used for agriculture or
landscape irrigation or for aquaculture.

 The effluent which is treated, finally the water can be used for household purpose. If it is treated
further (tertiary treatment) this water can be used as drinking water, there by reducing water
scarcity.

 The by-products produced during treatment, like manure from sludge supplement agriculture and
biogas helps in running the aerators in the treatment plant.

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 ABSTRACT

The dirty water that comes from homes and business as a result of laundry, using thebathroom, and all
the soapy water that comes from washing dishes in the kitchen is what called sewage. Rainwater entering

Sewage is treated by a variety of methods to make it suitable for its intended use, be it for spraying onto
irrigation fields or be it for human consumption. Sewage treatment mainly takes place in two main stages:
i) Primary ii) secondary

In arid areas, where there is not enough water, sewage also undergoes a tertiary treatment to meet the
demands of the drinking water supply.

Under primary treatment, the suspended solids are separated from the water and the BOD (biological
oxygen demand) of the water is reduced, preparing it for the next stage in wastewater treatment.
Secondary treatment can be accomplished by a wide variety of means. However, in our project, we will
only be concentrating on two of the most commonly used methods: primary and secondary treatment.

From the various unit efficiencies calculated from the preliminary data collected, we conclude that the
plant is functioning as efficiently as expected and is being run smoothly.

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 Introduction

Hyderabad has population of about 8.7 million inhabitants. All of them consuming water for washing,
toilet, drinking each day. In addition to the domestic need for water, the local industry also has a high
demand for water for industrial production.

The approximate amount of wastewater generation is about 1800 MLD (million liters per day). However ,
only 715 MLD of the wastewater can be treated that’s why most of the water is discharged into several
lakes or the dry river bed of old Musi-River.

Out of 100%, 80% of fresh water is converted in sewage.

STP (sewage treatment plant) Amberpet is the asia’s biggest sewage treatment plant. It’s capacity is about
339 MLD. It receives sewage from north zone of Hyderabad, where only primary and secondary
treatment is carried out.

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 INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT

TYPES OF WASTEWATER:

 Domestic wastewater: Domestic wastewater is from homes, offices, hotels, institutions

comprises sewage (human waste) and greywater from bathrooms, kitchen, laundries). It is also
called sanitary sewage.

 Industrial wastewater: It is the liquid discharge from manufacturing process; for example soft
drink and beer companies; sugar processing; metal processing; photo finishing.

 Storm water: storm sewage or storm water is runoff from precipitation that is collected in a
system of pipes or open channels.

Why waste water is treated:

 To remove organic and inorganic matter which would otherwise cause pollution.

 To remove pathogenic (disease causing) organisms

 In order to protect:

i) The environment
ii) Human health

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METHODOLOGY

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Secondary treatment:
Further treatment of effluent from primary treatment is known as Secondary treatment. The main
objective of secondary treatment is to remove the residual organics and suspended solids. In
most cases, secondary treatment follows primary treatment and involves the removal of
biodegradable dissolved and colloidal organic matter using aerobic biological treatment
processes. But in this sewage treatment plant Anaerobic biological treatment is performed in the
absence of oxygen by anaerobic microorganisms (principally bacteria) that metabolize the
organic matter in the wastewater, thereby producing more microorganisms and inorganic end-
products (principally CO2, NH3). There are several methods of anaerobic biological process
used for secondary treatment to metabolize the organic matter.

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB) is the process adopted in Amberpet STP

Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB)

The up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) is a single tank process. Wastewater
enters the reactor from the bottom, and flows upward. A suspended sludge blanket filters and
treats the wastewater as the wastewater flows through it.

The sludge blanket is comprised of microbial granules (1 to 3 mm in diameter), i.e., small

agglomerations of microorganisms that, because of their weight, resist being washed out in the
up flow. The microorganisms in the sludge layer degrade organic compounds. As a result, gases
(methane, hydrogen sulphate, traces of ammonia and carbon dioxide) are released. The rising
bubbles mix the sludge without the assistance of any mechanical parts. Sloped walls deflect
material that reaches the top of the tank downwards. The clarified effluent is extracted from the
top of the tank in an area above the reactor.

After several weeks of use, larger granules of sludge form which, in turn, act as filters for smaller
particles as the effluent rises through the cushion of sludge. Because of the up flow regime,
granule-forming organisms are preferentially accumulated as the others are washed out.
Hydrolysis, Methanogenesis, Acetogenesis actively takes place and gases are released in reactor.
This sludge is sent to filter press and Polytetro flouro chloro ethylene is added to sludge and
lastly forms of solid and methane are formed .Gas released in reactor is send to biogas generator
and electricity is produced. DETENTION PERIOD : Non peak hours-8, Peak hours-4

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Aeration:
Sewage from reactors enters into aeration tanks where the sewage is oxygenated. Aeration is the
process of exposing sewage to oxygen due to which the foul smell is removed. There are 30
aerators and sewage passes through those aerators with DETENTION PERIOD of 24 hours and
reach polishing pond. In polishing pond the sewage settles for 12 hours, here no foul smell is
depicted. From polishing pond sewage enters chlorination tank.

Disinfection:
Disinfection is the process of removal of harmful bacteria. Chlorine gas is added for the
disinfection of Fecal Coli form bacteria. The chlorine gas dosage depends upon the strength of
wastewater and other factors in general 5to 15mg/l is minimum. Ozone and Ultraviolet radiation
can be used for disinfection but these methods of disinfection are not in common use. Chlorine
contact basins are usually rectangular channels with baffles to prevent short circuiting, designed
to provide contact time of about 30 minutes. However, to meet advanced wastewater treatment
requirements, a chlorine contact time of as long as 120 min is sometimes required for specific
irrigation uses of reclaimed waste water. Finally the effluent is released into river Musi.

Reliability of conventional and advanced wastewater treatment:

Wastewater reclamation and rescue systems should contain both design and operational
requirements necessary to ensure reliability of treatment. Reliability features such as alarm
systems, standby power supplies, treatment process duplications, emergency storage of disposal
of inadequately treated wastewater, monitoring devices, and automatic controllers and important.
From a public health stand point, provisions for adequate and reliable disinfection are the most
essential features of the advanced waste water treatment process. Where disinfection is required,
several reliability features must be incorporated into the systems to ensure uninterrupted chlorine
feed.

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 ANALYSIS

Applications of waste water treatment:

RESIDENTIAL:

The advanced treatment of residential wastewater is typically accomplished with individual NSF
certified treatments systems. However, limiting residential treatment to individual on-lot systems
can result in less effective nutrient removal and high capital & life cycle costs per home. These
undesirable characteristics can be eliminated through the use of residential cluster systems that
collect and treat wastewater from entire communities. Cluster System benefits include low
capital and life cycle costs per home, reduced operation cost per home, small footprint and
enhanced treatment capability for nutrient reduction.

COMMERCIAL:

Commercial wastewater is usually highly concentrated in organic content and complicated by

sanitary routines and housekeeping habits that shorten the expected life of soil disposal system.
Advanced wastewater treatment will preserve the disposal system indefinitely and often
represents a one to three year return on investment for commercial facilities.

INSTITUTIONAL:

Institutional facilities typically have larger wastewater flows with lower organic concentration
than commercial waste streams. However, some institutions such as schools may have
exceptionally high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and very erratic peak flows. It is critical
to understand the institution’s lifestyle and sanitary routines when designing a treatment system.

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MUNICIPAL:

Small and rural communities generally find it difficult to assemble the resources to develop a
traditional wastewater infrastructure. Yet, without infrastructure it is difficult to enhance
property values and economic development. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems
represent a low cost, low impact and high benefit solution. Employing modular systems whose
processes are natural and require little management is a strategy for success that has the support
of Rural Community Assistance Programs (RCAP)and Rural Utility Service(RUS) offices.

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 PROPERTIES OF WASTE WATER AND VALUES
ON DAY OF VISIT TO STP

PARAMETER UNITS INFLUENTS EFFLUENTS

PH - 7.45

DISSOLVED Mg/l 0.10 4.50

OXYGEN
TOTAL SUSPENDED Mg/l 285 2
SOLIDS

BOD FOR 5 DAYS AT Mg/l 140 12

200 C

CHEMICAL Mg/l 400 90

OXYGEN DEMAND

FEACAL MPN/100ml 5.95x105 5025

COLIFORMS

ACCORDING TO NRCD
PARAMETERS UNITS STANDARD LIMITS

PH - 5.5-9
DISSOLVED OXYGEN Mg/l <3-5
TOTAL SUSPENDED Mg/l <50
SOLIDS
BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN Mg/l <30
DEMAND
CHEMICAL OXYGEN Mg/l <250
DEMAND
FEACAL COLIFORMS MPN/100ml <10000

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CONCLUSION:

We have concluded that the Management and maintenance of Sewage treatment plant is more
effective. Every stage of treatment is under controlled supervision. Only two stages of treatment
is carried out in Amberpet STP. If territory treatment is done then that water is safe for drinking.
Each and every person should work in their level as possible and be responsible for maintaining
aesthetic beauty and cleanliness of the city

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QUESTIONAIRE

Why do you believe sewage treatment plants are important?

Treatment plants treat sewage which keeps the public from getting sink.

What is coagulant chemicals used for?

Chemicals used to gather bacteria for easier removal.

What is sludge?
It is a useful byproduct of treated wastewater.

What is NRCD?
National River Conservative Directorate.

What is sanitary sewer?

Closed conduit carrying sewage from sinks, bathtub, toilets, and washing machines is sanitary
sewer.

What is storm sewer?

Closed conduit carrying storm water(rain water) , side drain water is storm sewer.

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