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    Han Ma Chik
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    BLE_Design_Ref

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    12 views4 pages

    BLE Design Ref

    Uploaded by

    Han Ma Chik

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 4
    General PCB design guidelines for nRF52 series When designing a high-frequency PCB there are some rules that should be followed in orer to get a good working radio/system, Below are some general CB guidelines. These guidelines should be folowed to maximize the performance ofthe system. It is also recommended to read about PCB guidelines in the reference circuty page on the Infocenter. General rule ‘The RF port of the schematic and layout should be a copy of our reference design, It means that not ony the component values, but azo the geometry, relative placement of the components with respect to each other, and the lengths of the transmission lines should be the same as in our reference design “The reference design for nRF52832 (Altum and pd) can be downloaded from the product page over al norser com, Matching networks In Raio Frequencies (RF), things work diferent than in ‘regular’ electronics, due to high frequencies (and short wavelengths). One ofthe resulting efecs is thatthe phate of a signe! wil vary along the transmissions lines, ax opposed to low frequencies where the wavelengths >> transmission lines, and this effect can be disregarded. If the system (chip and antenna) isnot matched, there will be reflections ofthe signal in the transmission line, resulting in los. The system should be matched to a 50 Ohm reference point by matching each component, eg, chip and antenna to 50 Ohm ‘Matching te 50 ohms: The ouput impedance ofthe chip is not 80 ohms. Therefore @ matching network needs te be inserted between the chip and the reference point Note: in addition to matching the chip to 50 Ohm, C3 and L! form a fiter that damps some ofthe 2nd and 3rd hormone, For this to work, both the schematic and the layout have to be @ copy of the reference layout ‘The figure above shows parts ofthe pinout of nRFS2, Note that there is only one antenna pin (nF has twe)-nRFS2 has an internal balun which makes ‘matching easiar to accomplish. Our reference design shows how to match the nRF52 to 50 Ohm. The PCB leyout (ped size ines ete) is @ part of the matching, make sure that your design is an exact copy ofthe reference design’. The matching is done with two components, LI and C3. These components also form a low pass ier which wil suppress harmonics, Note that C3 should be grounded via the VSS pin, see the reference layout. [tis necessary to suppress the harmonics to pass the various regulatory standards. The whitepaper ‘Regulatory an Compliance Standards for RF Devics’ sums up the most common regulatory standards. If tuning is needed (because the performance, range, is not as expected) the whitepaper “Tuning the nfF2Aex matching network” ca be use. Please note that this is writen for nRFZ4LEI, but the principles are the same, “Exact copy of our reference layout: An exect copy of our reference layout means that both the component values and the distances and the geometries between the companents should be copied ‘Matching the antenna te 50 ohms: There are basicaly two types of antenna matching networks pinetwotk and a matching network consisting of one shunt component ony. The type of antenna decides which matching network to use. fusing @ PCB antenna, the matching network should consist of one shunt component, and if using @ chip antenna, the matching network should be a phnetwork, The value(s) ofthe compenent(s) inthe matching network will have to be found during tuning, by doing measurements using « network analyzer. The reason for this that the impedance ofthe antenna depends on it close environment; means that the measurements on a device should he performed when the device i placed in its final housing, in a similar environment te where i is supposed 10 be ured, Its not possible to calculate the value(s) forthe component) in the matching network, becouse there are too many parameters to teke into account. The "Anjana tunns' whitepaper explains more about why tune the antenna, and how te do it “The below figure shows matching betwoen the chip and « PCB antenna. sauna Gove 8 on ui 2 een aria a bot -Shr-arge eRe Beene 50 Ohm transmission line: Ife transmission line is needed between the chip matching network and the antenna matching network, tis important to use @ 50 Ohm transmission line, because it will minimize the loze on that distance. The 50 Ohm transmission line wil be @ co-planar waveguide, and the width of the line con be caleulated using AppCAD. I the teansmisson line i not $0 Ohm, there wil be alos in the signal between the antenna and the chip. The result i reduced range, the worst-case scenario is no range ata A corplanar waveguide consists of « transmission line, ground on both sides, ard ground plare below the ansmission ine SWDCLK Antenna “There are two types of antennas that can be used, a PCB antenna or @ chip antenne. Under optimal conaitions, the performance of @ PCB antenn chip antenna willbe more or les the same. PCB antenna: The whitepaper “Guortervave printed monopole antenna for 2.4GHz" explains how te design « PCB antenna. CChip antenna: Any 2.4 GHz antenna can be used. In arder to obtain good performance, itis important to place the antenna according tails datasheet. The antenna datasheet will also contain information about the bandwidth ofthe antenna. Ground planes ‘Atypical design consists of two ground planes; « top ground plane anda bottom ground plane. Both ground planes should preferably be as large and sold 128 possible. Ground i the reference ofthe system, the impedance of the antenna should, for example, be 50 Ohm with respect to ground: The larger the

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