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@) work in pairs. Tel your partner where you met ‘the people in 3a. 4 attistic Relationships 4 a Complete the conversation with a suitable word or expression, “Chas Hi Mel! Where's Steve? \e._ He's not coming. we | Ghas Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. ‘MeL It's OK. 'm enjoying being ©. ‘ tm®, adate with someone tonight though. Cas Wow! That was fast! Mew Yes, I've ®) and now | don’t feel cas Well, have funt him for along time about it! bb) tisten and check who was Steve? 5 P work in pairs. Act out the conversation in 4. REVIEW GRAMMAR Reported speech: say 1. @)ric Listen and write what the people said. Use reported speech. 11 Rob said he couldn't go out with Candy 2 Gwensaid 3. Marie said 4 Harrysaid Reported speech: tell 2. Report what happened in the conversation. ‘Mec Vmgoing out tomorrow. Sanjay _ Im not doing anything ~ | can come with you. ec That's a good idea. You need to meet some new People. ‘Meg told Sanjay that FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Telephone messages 1a Put the conversation in the correct order. [DA Ms Lam is not available at the moment, Can | take a message? [Js Thank you. Goodbye. [A Good afternoon, Tech World. [le Yes, can you tell er that Laura Walters called to say that the meeting ison Friday, not on Monday. TDA lteter as soon as she arrives. 8 Hello, could speakto Kay Lam, please? bb s@)))nr7 Listen and check. Write the message for Kay Lam. 2 @® Work in pairs. Act out conversations with different messages. i Lookinc Back ‘© Inthis unit, which are the most useful words you learned for describing someone's personality? ‘© What is your favourite expression to talk about relationships? ‘¢ How often do you give messages and describe what people told you? toe STs VOCABULARY Entertainment 1. Work in pairs. Look at the nouns in the box. ‘Which nouns are a) types of entertainment? b) venues for entertainment? album cinema concert hall film football match live concert play podcast stadium theatre TV show 2 ® work in pairs. when did you last see some live entertainment? What was it? Where was it? Did you enjoy it? 3 a Complete the sentences using a Preposition from the box, or nothing. atin on 1 J usually listen to music the bus. 2 I don’t watch sport TV, | prefer to watch it lve. 3 Tike to watch people playing music the street. 4 I don't buy much music anymore, you can download it all home. 5 When r'm my car, | don't like listening to music. b @® Work in pairs. are the sentences true for you? Discuss with a partner. Buying music 4. a Put the words in the box in the correct columns. buskers fans MP3 downloads music store merchandise table musicians online records single track Ways of buying music People 1b @ work in pairs. choose a word from 4a and describe it. Can your partner guess? Take turns to describe words. GRAMMAR Modal verbs review Complete the text using suitable modal verbs. My music blog It was my friend Ricky who told me, ‘You know so much about music, you really ° start a blog about it He was right; | started the blog and now | have lots of friends who follow it. It's great because 1 write about any group or music that I like and people ® leave comments. It's very interactive. | also see how many people visit my blog everyday. What do | write about? Well, | give advice about what music to listen to, you know, "You ® listen to this!" Or if | want to insist, “You © listen to this right now! Now, people are asking me, “? you start a second one?’ Used to 2 a Correct the mistakes in the sentences. 1 use to go to the cinema once a month, but now | just rent a DVD. 2 I didn’t used to like classical music, but now | do. 3 don’t use to give money to buskers. 4 | used to downloading music without paying, but now | think it's not fair on the artists, 'b Are any of the sentences true for you? Change the ones that aren't FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Making recommendations 1 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1 try should You to see it . 2 it love You'd | 3 must You go ! 4 really You live to a should match go 2 @))nvs Listen to four conversations. What types of entertainment are the people talking about? What do the people say about them? ‘Are the people enthusiastic or not? @ LOOKING BACK 7 ‘¢ Think of two things you used to doin the past that you don't do ‘* Think of four different types of entertainment and four different situations in which you could enjoy them. a '* Which activities in this unit were a) the most interesting? 1) the most useful? Why? BRING IT TOGETHER 10, 11 & 12 AKING & READING Work in pairs. Look at the photos and answer the ions. “1 What are the people doing? 2. How can these activities help you to improve your English? ‘Quickly read the webpage. Match two of 1-3 to the photos in 1. What other idea does the webpage mention? [tana a) Rika from Germany suggests Love reading, and | also think it's the most useful way to Improve your vocabulary and grammar when you're learning a language. Unfortunately, not many English books or newspapers are sold where | live - and they're usually really expensive! But you can find some great American and British ews websites online for free. So | can practise my English, and read some interesting articles, to0. Perfect! Read the webpage again. Do you think the writers would agree or disagree with these statements? 1 ‘Reading lots of texts is the best way ‘to improve your English.” Rika would agree/disagree. 2 ‘Learning can be fun. ‘Yani would agree/disagree. 3 "You don’t need to go to English classes if you can use the internet.” Yani would agree/disagree. 4 ‘Learning should always be easy.” Sabita would agree/disagree. 5 ‘Listening is more difficult than reading, writing or speaking. Sabita would agree/disagree. ‘a Which of the opinion agree with? 3 do you tb &® Work in pairs. Say why you agree or disagree with the statements. Yani from Albania suggests Why not download music in English? There are some great websites with song Iyrics, so you can read the words, too. I've learnt lots of new vocabulary that way, and it's great fun — learning shouldn't always feel ‘boring’! But watch out - sometimes the grammar in song Iyrics is a bit strange! If 'm not sure about anything, | ask my English teacher for help. You can't learn everything online! @ Quick CHECK ‘Complete the checklist below. can you. 1 talk about actions without saying who did them? 2 describing what people are wearing? 3. describe a dish? 4 describe what people are 5 report what people say? 6 leave a telephone message? 7 talk about what you used to do in the past? |& make recommendations? Sabita from India suggests | love watching American films on my laptop. | usually prefer to ‘watch flms with subtitles, so | can listen and read at the same time. When I was growing up, | used to Jove musicals, like Mary Poppins. Now | can watch them again! Sometimes, | even try watching them without the subtitles. It's 00d to try something a bit more difficult, now and then. For me, listering is the hardest skil, so | need to practise it lots. Yes.tcan | Sass ok again ojo o Oo a o o [oo ] Oo oO & compare your answers with a partner © wnat else do you know now after studying units 10-12? ea GRAMMAR REFERENCE 1.1 PRESENT SIMPLE & PRESENT CONTINUOUS Present simple UNou/we/they _ He/shesit Wou/We/ th He/She/it understand French “understands : Japanese, Use the present simple to talk about 1 general truths or situations 1 /ive in Sao Paulo. Roberto works a a teacher 2 regular habits / routines Schoo! starts at 6 a.m. every day, usually getup at 8 a.m. Use time expressions like usually, sometimes, never, always and often, Present continuous + |Im You'e/We'te/Theyte He's/She's/its 1m not You/We/They aren't He/SheyIt ist | ase reading. Use the present continuous to talk about actions that are happening at the moment. We're reading our English book right now. Use time expressions lke at the moment, today and right now. Stative verbs Stative verbs describe feelings, thoughts and sensations. We do not usually use ‘these verbs ina continuous form. ike tis cass. NOT Hiking this class, ‘tative verbs include be, fk, love, hate, need, belong, know, want, Believe, understand. maa 1.2 QUESTIONS Questions with the verb to be ‘The verb to be comes before the subject in both yes/no questions and Wh questions. Ae you Canadian? Was he happy with his course? Wheres your English school? Where were you yesterday? Yes/no questions with other verbs The subject comes between the auxiliary verb and the main verb. n the Present simple and past simple use do, does and did asthe auxiliary verb Present simple Do Wyou/we/they Does he/she/it Past simple Did —_/you/we/they/he/sheyit very well? Understand Japanese? understand German? Wh- questions with other verbs In Wh- questions the question word comes at the beginning of the question followed by the auxiliary, the subject and the main verb. Wh-? Auxiliary verb Subject Main verb What | are you studying at the moment? What di they | do last night? | does he 80 Where toschool? m2 Mu ‘a Read the sentences. Tick the ones that are correct and correct the ones that are not. 1 usually play football on Sundays. 2 We are often watching TV in the evening. 3. 'mnot understanding the words of English songs. 4 imlearning French at the moment. 5S We eat dinner right now. 6 'mnot really liking sports. b Are any of these sentences true for you? ‘€ Complete the conversation with the present ‘simple or present continuous, _ MaRSHA Where YOU 2 GO) TI (G0) to my yoga class. | always (Go) yoga on Mondays. time | the cass Tm It (start) at 6 p.m. and (finish) at 70. you to come? (want) ‘thanks, | (do) my homework. “(not ke) 0 40 homework late a night. Ilsee you later, ua ‘a Write the words in the correct order to form questions. 1 musical instrument you play Do a ? 2 sport do do How often you ? 3 have you favourite 2 Do Tvshow ? 4 exam you for Are an studying at the moment? 5 last. What you night did do 7 Answer the questions. Use full sentences. Write the questions for the answers. Hive in New York City. No, m single. fm working on a film about a person with an ‘unusual hobby. ‘My last flm was about a person who lives in Thailand | go to the cinema about twice a week. \yYouyHe/ verb+-ed* She/it/We/ | watched the fim. They i wou! didn't + ae He/She) didn't wateh the lm. Infinitive We/They | did + subject yi4 | \/youyhe/she | watch the + infinitive twe/they | fim? SSome verbs have an irregular form: make — made, do — did, — had, fly > flew, sleep — slept, take — took, eat > ate the past simple to talk about completed past actions and past ‘Te Tate Modern opened in 2000. ‘ived in a smal fat in Barcelona five years ago. simple time expressions time expressions lke in2007, ast week, lastnight, ast year, ago, yesterday, on Tuesday, in January, an heur ago, when, at 8.30. 1.2 PAST CONTINUOUS ETc: (aS Ee tie ata the past continuous to talk about an action in progress at a in time inthe past. 1 was walking home at $30 this afternoon. ‘My friends were waiting outside the restaurant. > 22 .3 PAST SIMPLE & PAST CONTINUOUS the past centinuous to show that one action was in progress ‘when another, shorter action took place. ‘was putting the tent up when | heard a strange noise. ‘We often use while + past continuous. 1 took a photo of the zebra while it was eating, Use two past simple verbs to show that one action followed the other. 1 heard a strange noise and looked up to see what it was. “We often use and, then and so to link the two actions. (finished puting up the tent then 1 went to park the car Nore: We do not usually use stative verbs in the continuous form. ‘oved animals when | was a child, NOT | wasJoving animals when | was. child (See also 1.1) > 23 eta aaa 2a ‘a Read the text about Bear Grylls. Look at the verbs in italics. Find and correct five mistakes. Bear Grylls learned to swim and climb when he ‘were very young, When he finished school, he spended some time hiking in the Himalayas before he joined the Army. In 2000 he rode around the UK ‘on ajet ski. Three years later he cross the Atlantic. In 2008 he went on an expedition to climb the highest peak in Antarctica but he dids’t completed his mission because he breaked his shoulder. But this didn't stop him and two years later he was back again, trying to break yet another record! b What else can you remember about Bear Grylls from the lesson? Write three sentences about his adventures. Then check your answers on page 17 22 ‘a Look at the picture. It shows a party that took place at Joao's flat last night. what were the people doing? Write six sentences using the verbs in the box. choose dance eat play read watch Write three more sentences explaining what they weren't doing, 23 ‘a Complete the text using the past simple or the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets. ‘twas a beautiful day. The sun (hine) and the sky was blue. We ® (gl) along a quiet road in the countryside when we © (heard) some dogs. But they were very far away so we (not/think) any more about it and (continue) on our ride we. (usticome) round a corner in the road ‘when suddenly an enormous white dog ump) out in front of us. Three other dogs © (oliow) him. They were wild dogs and we were scared. We _ (throw) sticks and rocks at them, Eventually they ©) (an) away, UNIT 3 |GRAMMAR REFERENCE 3.1 RELATIVE CLAUSES Use relative clauses when you want to give more information about a person or thing. Who's that? —Oh, he's the guy who painted our house. Relative pronouns Relative pronoun Refersto who person which thing that people and things Main clauses and relative clauses ‘When we use relative causes the sentence has two parts. Main clause | Relative clause This isthe person who lives next door to me, Have you seen the film that won the Oscar this year? ha 3.2 ARTICLES: 4/AN, THE, NO ARTICLE A, an (indefinite article) Use a and an to talk about single objects without referring to a specific object. Do you have a pencil (I'm interested in one pencil, but | don't mind Which pencil itis) We use a/an with singular countable nouns. We use a before a consonant and an before a vowel sound, | think need a new phone. Can | have an apple? Nore: not all words that are written with a vowel start with @ vowel sound. university /jurmt'vassttw/ He went toa university inthe States. European /,juara'pian/ I've got « European passport. ‘euro /jusrauy Can you give me a euro? The (definite article) Use the to refer toa specific person or thing, Can have the pencil gaveyou? (=a specific pencil) We also use the when there is only one in the context The boss is’ vey happy today. (there's only one boss) We use the before + uncountable nouns 1 love the cofee your mother makes. + singular countable nouns The computer | use at works realy slow + plural countable nouns. They put the logos on the font page. No article Don't use an article before singular or plural nouns when we are teferting to people or things in general ike old buildings. "visited temples in Thailand, > 32 3a a Read the sentences, Cross out any unnecessary words. 1 Kim introduced me to the man who he is going to be our teacher next year. 2 Love that coffee shop that you took me toi last week. 3. Can you tell me some more about that film which you saw it lastnight? ‘4 Your brother is probably the funniest person that I've ever, met him, b Use who or which to join the two sentences. Remember to «drop any unnecessary pronouns. 1 Thisis the photo. | took it ast year on holiday. 2 These are the people. We met them atthe hotel 3. Thisis the hotel. t was in the centre of town, 4 This was my favourite bar. We visited it every night! ‘© Match the photo to one of the sentences in b. Think of tone or two holiday photos that you have taken. Write sentences with who or which to describe the photos. 32 ‘a. Choose the correct article to complete the conversation. A My favourite sign is thera sign for /a fie escape. Have you seen it? 8 Which one? Fey] A The sign they put up on “the /- side of “a/the building for example. You know, there’s “a/the litle man and he's -_-Funning as fast as he can away from the/ fire. B love ‘an/the old-ashioned sign for roadworks. You know athe little man with his spade, he's digging ®a/an hole or somet butt looks more like he's opening (g/an umbrela. “A tknow “they- sign you mean. 'b Complete the description of this sign using a/an, the or no article (-). | A This sign shows ©. chile crossing ©... road. tke way they are walking so slowly and seriously. 4) children | know don't look like that! B don't think it's two children. i's ® girl and her ‘mother. But | don’t know what they're carrying! They don't look like ® schoolbags to me! ‘A No it looks more lke handbag, 4 PRESENT PERFECT the present perfect with have/has (vethas) + past participle. egular past participles end in -ed. Many verbs have irregular past participles. i} _ eaten vou/We/Tney “have HefShe/it has \/ou/We/They He/She/it havent hasn't eet Vyou/we/they he/sherit — | | Has the present perfect to talk about past experiences in a general way thout saying exactly when those experiences took place. ‘vetried it before. (at some time in the past, bu it isn’t important when) ime expressions ‘often use ever with question forms and never with negative forms. Have you ever been to New York? I've never visited the National Museum. baa 2 PRESENT PERFECT & PAST SIMPLE both the present perfect and the past simple to tak about actions in the st Use the present perfect when you are more interested in the action than time it happened. They've found him, the past simple to talk about when and where an action or event We often use time expressions like yesterday, ago, last. “They found him in Oxford two months ago. resent perfect + forlsince the present perfect with for to talk about a period of time that continues tothe present. Ive ved here for sb year. the present perfect wit since to tak about when an action or situation irted. The action or situation continues into the present. ‘ve lived here since 2005. par 4.3 COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES ‘comparative and superlative forms of adjectives to compare two or more ings oF people. We normally use comparatives to compare two things, or two groups of ines. Form a comparative adjective with adjective + er or more + adjective, fe use than to link the two parts of the comparison. ‘Moscow is bigger than Par. Kids are more creative than adult. Superlatives to talk about a person or thing that has more of a certain aualty than others oftheir type. Form a superlative adjective with adjective “st or most + adjective. We often use the ora possessive adjective with periative adjectives. Sara is my oldest rend, Nico’s the most patient teacher I know. SPELLING: With a small group of one-syllable adjectives you need to ble the final consonant and then add -er or~est. These adjectives end ina consonant-vowel-consonant combination and include: “hot hotter hottest, bi — bigger — biggest, ~ fatter — fattest, red» redder —> reddest, in thinner» thinnest, sad —» sadder ~ saddest feet 4a ‘a Complete the conversations using the present perfect form of the verb in brackets and short answers. 1 TR outer) any bly dancing? 8 No.1 But love to. And you? a Gustistart) gym. You should try. You'd love it 2 (RV Caaystnand to ty ktesurting B Really? 1 (not ty), but my brother e (40) It He's really good at it [a ety paragliding as weir 8 No, he, 1 he's too scared! b Re-write the conversations for people you know, using new activities. 42 Read the sentences. Tick the ones that are correct and correct the ones that are not. 1. We didn't play zennis since May. 2 They've lived in Tokyo for two years. 3 That's nice dress. How long did you have it? 4 ve forgotten tre name of the film. 5. didn’t finish the homework yesterday. 'b Complete the sentences with for or since, 1 They've been married 18 years. 2 Peter has worked at the bookstore 2007. 3 He's been in a meeting To'lock. 4 ve had my car 18 months. © Underline the time expressions in the sentences in b. Write sentences that are true for you using the present perfect. 43 ‘a Look at the table about three Australian cities. Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets. Add than and the where necessary. Sydney | Metbourne | Pertn Population 4 mtion | 35 tton | 3.5 mon erage temperature January verge anval anal ‘erage nse pce 6° ae | ar ‘50°mm $225,000, 730 mm $20,000, '$495,000, 11 The population of melbourne is than the population of Perth, but Sydney has population. (big) 2 Melbourne is (hot) 3 Melbourne is sydney. (dry) 4 Houses in Perth are + and houses in Sydney are than in Melbourne. (expensive) Write four sentences comparing three cities in your ‘country Sydney, but Perth is city, but Perth is GRAMMAR REFERENCE 5.1 PRESENT CONTINUOUS & GOING TO. Present continuous Use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening ‘now. (See 1.1.) We can also use the present continuous to talk about the future. Use the present continuous to talk about fixed plans for the future, often with a time or place. ‘Ym meeting Joan for dinner this weekend. ( Going to Use going to with the verb to be and the infinitive, ve arranged this) | start a new course Im + You/We/theyre | going He/she/its ret “Yin not = You/We/They aren't goingto He/She/t srt aml 7 Are you/werthey ishelshejit starta new course. | goingto starta new course? We can also se going foto talk about plans forthe future. We don't need to give a specifi time. We'e going to buy @house (one day). (=a general plan) In some cases, we can use both forms without changing the meaning, {Tm cooking diner this evening. 1m gong to cook dinner this evening. In other cases, there isa clear ditference in meaning. We'e going to get marred (one day). (= a general plan) We'e getting married next March (= it's arranged) Nore: We normally don't repeat to go. They're going tothe cinema, NOT They e going to-ge tothe cinema. hs. 5.2 MusT(N'T) & (DON'T) HAVE TO FOR OBLIGATION ‘Must & have/has to ‘Mast is a modal auxiliary verb t follows these rules of form: 1. use must + infinitive without 4 2. use must to form questions and negatives. ‘Must you d that right now? ( mustn't be ate. 3 you don't need an -s for the third person singular. He must report to the directo’ office immediately. Use must and haverhas to to talk about rules and obligations. | must/have tobe atthe ofce by nine. | must/have to work this evening. Nore: must is not often used in question forms. Do have to? is. ‘more common, Do have to call her? NOT Must | call her? ‘Mustn’t & don't/doesn’t have to Use mustn't to say that it is important NOT to do something, or that something is against the rules. You mustn't eat or drink near the computers. (= do not do this) Use don't/doesn't have to to say that it is not necessary or obligatory to do something, you are free to choose, ‘You don’t have to bring your own laptop. (= this is not necessary but yyou can do it if you want to) bz sa Look at the calendar for three flatmates. write sentences about their future plans. Use the present continuous. Pablo ita Join 9 nm —di pm.— dinner aa satin Nr Daal aan ‘heal pam Spanish exam Wednestay | 2%0 0m ~ dents pm. i Mi on 4 30pm dic noma 8, 9 a.m. - football Saunier | Semifinals q Sunday b Complete the sentences with going to and a verb of your choice. 1 Hey, it’s your birthday on Saturday! What are you going to do? 1 2. Marco, you know smoking is realy bad for you. Yes, 1 know, I promise! 3. Are you going on holiday this year? No, I don’t have enough money. I... = 41s Krassy coming to see the film with us tonight? No, think he ¢ Think of three things you are going to do next weekend. Write three full sentences. 5.2 ‘a Complete the sentences using must, have to, don't have to ‘and mustn't, Sometimes more than one answer is possible, must (x2) mustn't have to don't have to (xa) 1 You really 2 This isn'ta direct tran to Brussels. You at the next station, 3 My brother's band are playing at the park tonight. The concert's tree. You pay. 4 Weally ‘emember to call Mum this evening. £ forgot yesterday! 5 We can’t have the meeting on Friday. Friday's a bank holl sowe g0 to work 6 I'm really sorry, but you do know that you smoke in the offce, don't you? b Look at the sentences again. Who do you think each p is speaking to? Where are they? study harder if you want to pass t VERBS: CAN/CAN'T, SHOULD/SHOULDN'T | may and might are modal auxiliary verbs. Use modal add information about the speaker's attitude to the is tells us a fact.) is adds information about the person's ability.) follow these rules of form (see also 5.2): + infinitive without te Chinese? | might not come tonight. ans for the third person singular sadoctor_ She can se you right now ng is possible or alowed thing is not possible or not We cant stay very long because | need to get home ear | You shouldn't eat so many sweets per She wil be there tomorrow. She might be there tomorrow. She may be there tomorrow. ‘he might not be there tomorrow. She may not be there tomorrow. She won't be there tomorrow. right and may to make predictions about the future. to say that we are sure something will happen. ‘or may to say that we think something is possible but we're give you some iden. (1 sure this is true) She mightimay give you some ideas. (This is a possiblity, but 'm not + 100% sure) we want to ask other people what their opinion is about future we usually use wil | Wil is father help him? What wil he do? ‘can goto te party tomorrow. ata 6.1 ‘a Look at the signs ani & smoke here. smote. cat here. eat more fruit. o more exercise. run rere. b Complete the conversations with the best modal verb, ‘can, can't, should or shouldn't. <1g0 to Soimaz's party on — mum No, you). _ You're too young. a patient OK. (4) | still eat cakes? €at a cake now and von at one every day. ymplete sentences 1-6. = . ¥ as & try to eat ess, because 6.2 ‘a Choose the most suitable explanation (a-c) for sentences 1-3, 1 fit doesn’t rain this weekend, we're going to go camping. a We won't go camping, b_ We might not gocamping, © We will go camping. Tariq is not going to the meeting, a He won't be atthe meeting b_ He may not be at the meeting. Hell be at the meeting. Rachel and Xiaofan are going to win the contest. They might not win the contest They may win the contest. They'll win the ccntest. 'b Complete the text using will, won't, might or might not. Dario and Lina aresixyeas old. They schoo! forat least anather ten years. What the world be like when they do? thele versity courses beonline? What languages they need to know? They want stud. They ® wantto do something dlse instead, But whar What jobs ‘beon offer? The same ones s today? Who knows! We *, just have 10 wait and see. leave © Write three sentences describing any changes that you think might take place in the next ten years. UNIT 7 GRAMMAR REFERENCE 7.1 THE -ING FORM & TO + INFINITIVE We sometimes use two verbs together. The second verb can be a verb + «ng ‘or the infinitive with to. ‘ove playing chess. Would you like to pay chess? -ing form ‘Many verbs that express emotions like enjoy, hate, mind and look forward to are followed by the -ing form. | don't mind traveling by train. enjoy watching fis. ‘Other verbs that are followed by ing include recommend, consider. to + infinitive ‘Many verbs that describe plans or intentions like decide and would lke are followed by the infinitive + to. He decided to go on his own. I’ really lke to go out ths evening ‘Other verbs that are followed by infinitive + to include afford, agree, want. NOTE: Like and fove are followed by both the--ing form and the infinitive + to. ike watchingjto watch TV on my oun. Jove swimmingjto swim in the ocean yr 7.2 COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, SOME & ANY ‘Countable nouns can be counted. « house three houses Use a or an with the singular form of countable nouns, « cup, an apple LUncountable nouns can't be counted. money, ar Use a third person singular verb form after an uncountable noun. Freedom is important. Safety comes fist. Some/Any ‘Some and any are used with uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns. We often use some in affirmative sentences and any in negative sentences and questions. {ve got some money. havent got any money. Have you got any money? We often use some in questions when we are making a requestor an offer. Could | have some water, please? (request) Would you ike some coffee? (offer) ‘We can use any in affirmative sentences when we want to say that it doesn’t ‘matter which, how much, when, etc Call me any time you like, (= it doesn't matter when you call me) »72 7.3 QUANTIFIERS We use quantifiers ike much, many, os tle, a few to talk about quantity in general terms. Some quantifiers refer to large quantities. ‘There are lats of gadgets in the shop. Others refer to small quantities. ‘There have been afew'changes to the prices. ‘and others are used in questions. How many people were atthe meting? How much money did you bring? | Countable quantity t00 many" Small quantity afew, not many Questions How many? * Remember that too many and too much have a negative meaning, It means ‘that the quantity is bigger than you want or need. too much” lots of alot of alittle, nat much How much? mrs ma a Circle the best form -ing orto + infinitive to complete the sentences. In one case both answers are possible. 1m really looking forward to going/to go away this weekend. {can't afford going/to go on holiday this year. Hove doing/to do jgsaws lve decided looking/to look fora new jo. Vike staying/to stay at home watching the TV this evening 'b Are any ofthese sentences true for you? Write new sentences about yourself using the words in bol. 72 8 Look at the groups of words. Which one is different? (Tip: you need to decide ifthe words are countable or uncountable.) 1 health sickness 2 doctor happiness 3 children water enthusiasm food sister father parent love ‘minute hour sleep clock b Complete the conversation with some or any. isthe flat t's ina great area, There ) trafic. I's really quiet at @, are reat tle bars o local nearby. There ae 409, and @ mini supermarket 8 Arethere‘®) bus stops nearby? -one just outside. The bus takes you ‘to the town centre. So, what do you K? Do you like it? 8 Well, need ‘), call you later? (Hives sure, you can callme\____ time © Act out the conversation in pairs. Change the information so that itis true for your home. 73 a Lookat the picture and choose the best quantifier to complete the sentences. time to think. Can | 1 There ae lot offmuchy aitle people onthe beach. 2 There isn'tatlemuch/many space on the sand. 3. There aren't muchymanyfa few people in the water, 4 There ae a fewimuch/lots of clouds inthe sky 'b Look around your classroom, or out of the window. What can you see? Write four sentences describing the scene using quantifers. 1 SENTENCES WITH IF itences with ifhave two parts, an if clause and a main clause. The if clause ribes a situation, the main clause describes the resutt of that situation. (tuation) ‘Main cause (result) they have thee dlasses ind I ge hi the message i rains, If see him, if clause can also come after the main clause. Il give him the message if se him. JOTE: there is no comma when theif clause comes after the main clause. ++ present simple (1): situations and facts that are always true sentences with f+ present simple to tak about situations and facts that dre always, cr generally, true. The verb in the main clause i also inthe present Simple. n these sentences if means the same as when. clause (situation) Main clause (result) i 1run alot, (oresent simple) feel tired. (present simple) IF don't run allot, | don't fel tired Wh if you don't un alot, how do you feel? NOTE: these sentences are sometime called zero conditional if + present simple (2): situations and events in the future ‘We can also use sentences with f+ present simple to tlk about situations in the future, We usually use will inthe main clause. Fclause (situation) | tfurunalot, (present simple) felted. | Main clause (result) future) If don't run a lot, | won't fel tired. how will you feel? Ifyou run a lot NOTE: these sentences are sometimes called first conditional. They are often sed to give instructions, make recommendations, promises or threats. (Gee also 91) maa 8.2 MODAL VERBS: MUST, CAN'T, MAY, MIGHT Use the modal auxiliary verbs must, can't, may and might to talk about possibilities and to make deductions. (See also 6.) ach moda auxiliary verb adds meaning to the main verb. In this case the modal verbs tell us something about the speaker’ attitude towards the situation they are talking about. Attitude ‘Modal verb definitely true ‘must She must be happy. (she looks happy) possibly tue ‘may/might He mayimight be happy. (sometimes he smiles) may not/might not They might not be happy. (they possibly rot true sometimes look sad) defnitelynottrue can't They can't be happy. (they never look happy) Nore: Yos cannot use mustn't to say that you think something is definitely not true. He can'tbe at home. NOT He eausta't be at home. m82 GRAMMAR REFERENCE 8. ‘a Choose the correct verb form to complete the conversations. ‘OK, £0, what happens if we combine/ welll combine these two chemicals? © They explode! 2 JR) What do you usually do at the weekend? B Well, if the weather is/will be nice, we usually ‘go/we'll usually goto the country. [A Have you seen Teo? | need to give him this message. Bf see/ll see him, | tell tell him you're looking for him. ‘A Thanks! 4 1A Ttell/'l tell mum if you dojyou'll do that again! 8B Oh, please don't! She's/Shel be so angry! b Match conversations 1-4 in a to situations a-d. brother and sister playing b aScience lesson ¢ two workmates in an office 4. two friends chatting ‘© Work in pairs. Act out the four conversations. 82 ‘a Put the words in the correct order to form deductions, 1 be driver the can't she 2 might car his It be 3 may be not driver the she the car of 4 alone the in be She car must b Match deductions 1-4 in a to photos a-d. ~~ go Write one more deduction for each photo. 1 2 3 4 UNIT9 (GRAMMAR REFERENCE 9.1 IF + PAST SIMPLE Use f+ past imple to talk about situations inthe present that are Impossible or stating the opposite of the rea situation ft had more time, @ do more sport (= don't have enough time) We also use i+ past simple to talk about imaginary situations inthe future. If won te otter, give up my job. (butt relly dont think 'm going to win the lottery!) NOTE: these sentences are NOT referring tothe past. We use would + infnitve in the main clause to describe the imagined result (See also 8:1) red. (Would + verb) we would be happier. | how would you feel? if we didn't ive here, ifyou didnt live here, hese sentences are sometimes called second conditional. he verb to be can have two forms in the if clause. If was/were you, | would go home. fhe was/were rch, he still woulda’ be happy. pon 9.2 So &@ SUCH Use so and such to emphasise the quality of something. He was sonic. It was such ance day. happy (an adjective, no noun) happy child (adjective + singular noun) happy children (adjective + plural noun) beautiful sunshine (adjective + uncountable noun) Use them to make exclamations. She's so nce! He's such a good person! You're such generous friends! Use them to join two sentences, Use that to link the two sentences, But we can also make the sentences without that. ‘She was o angry that) she ust walked out the door ro2 9.3 SOME-/ANY-/NO- + -ONE/-BODY/-THING We use some-, any- and no- with -one, -body and -thing to talk about people and objects in general Do you have aything ican read? (it doesn't matter what) I think there's something in my bag (but 'm not sure exactly what itis) Use -one / body to refer to a person. There is no difference in meaning. Use -thing to refer to an object. The verb is third person singular. Nothing exciting ever happens here. Has anyone seen Alex? Use someone/tody/thing in afrmative sentences, offers and requests | saw something nie in that shop. Would you lke something to drink? Use anyone/body/thing with not or in questions. | don't know anything. Did anybody come to the part? se anyone/body/thing aso in affirmative sentences. n these sentences any = all ‘Anyone can come. (= all people can come) ‘No one/body and nothing have 2 negative meaning, Use them with an affirmative verb without notin statements and questions. ‘Nobody answered my question. s tere nothing in the fridge? Gee also 7.2) oa a Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets using the past simple or would. Vw money, if the discipline. (save / have) 2 it forit.! in anew computer. (can pay / invest) . 31 happier, if my job/studies. (ve / change) ait concentrate more on work, less time. (can / waste) 51 ‘on my own, if it (ves can afford) b Which sentences are true for you? Give more information to explain why they are true. 92 ‘a Complete the sentences using so & such and match them to the photos. 1 Property in Hong Kong is ‘waste of money. expensive / is 2 Imade a mistake with the figures. 'm stupid / Vm an idiot! 3. Calculating expenses can be complex / ‘complicated thing. 4. Winning the lottery is unlikely (1s an improbable thing, b What other adjectives (with so & such) can you use to describe the images? 93 ‘a. Use indefinite pronouns to complete the text. #, asked me the other day, ‘What is the main problem facing our society I thought, “Weal want to have services, but ® wants to pay higher taxes to maintain chem, ss there ® who likes paying taxes? all we dois complain about the money we Rave to pay, but a the same ti everybody thinks tha roads and other services are importa Is there we can do to make people change their minds about taxes? PASSIVE (1): PRESENT SIMPLE passive inthe present simple with isfare + past Regular past participles end in -ed. Many verbs. egular past participles. is followed by milions of people al over the wold of fotbal shits ae sold each year 1 am(m) You/We/They are (re) He/sheitt—is(3) 1 ‘mnot You/We/They arent He/She/it isnt am 1 ae you/we/they is he/she/it paid every week | paid very wel followed by a lot of people on Facebook? Cf the passive sentence is the object of the active People play baseball the United States: (object) baseball spayed inthe United tales. (subject) ‘use passive verb forms to focus on an action. als followed by milions al over the world, by we want to say who or what does the action. not use by if the person or object that does the action known, unimportant or obvious shits or made n Chin. (we're not intrested in who them) esis are ade by hlden (we're using by to add information) roa "ASSIVE (2): PAST SIMPLE passive in the past simple with was/were + past (Gee also 10.1) iMejsre/t | was You/We/They | were W/He /She /it wasn't You/We/They | weren't paid every week | paid very wel followed by a lot of people on Facebook ? Was \/he/she/i Were you/we/they passive in the past simple to focus on actions in museum was opened in 2002. shoes were made by loca people. simple passive is often used in formal speec! reports and news articles. he miners were rescued yesterday. oa Tas 10.1 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. 1 Big football matches are watch all over the world. 2. The same brands is sold everywhere. 3 Alot of money spent on designer clothes. 44 English is speak all over the world these days. 5 Many English words use in advertising. ‘Add phrases with by to the sentences, 1 The thief was arrested by 2 Ten million football shirts ae sold each year by 3 Many of our clathes are made by 4. Hundreds of thousands of llegal footbal shirts are bought every year by ‘Millions of pounds are spent on advertising football shirts every year by Look again at the phrases you wrote in b. Which {2 add some important, unusual or interesting information? bb aren't necessary because we already know, or understand who did the action? 10.2 ‘a. Complete the gaps with the verbs in brackets in the past or present simple passive. Hatagen-Dazs produces ice cream, cakes and frozen yoghurt. The brand “ (establish) by Jewish-Pol'sh immigrants Reuben and Rose Mattus in 1961. Starting with only three flavours, its first store (apen) in New York in 1976. Now, Haagen-Dazs have dozens of favours and theit products) (distribute) in 55 different countries. Of course, their ice cream (sell) in supermarkets and grocery stores all over the World, as well, ‘The name Hdagen-Dazs has no special meaning. They are just two words which ®._ (choose) because they sound Danish and because Denmark ® (know) for its high quality dairy products in the U.S.A. Haagen-Dazsice cream (make) using quality ingredients to produce high-priced gourmet ice cream. b Rewrite the sentences about another ice ‘cream company starting with the words in bold. 1 Ben & jerr's opened theit first ice cream parlour in 1978 jn Vermont, USA. Their fist ice cream pariour was opened in 1978 in Vermont, USA. 2. Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield created the brand. 3. They sell Ben & Jerry's ice cream all over the worid, 4 They use quality ingredients to produce high-priced ice cream. 5. In 1983, they used Been & Jerry's ice cream to build the largest ice cream dessert ever. What do the two companies have in common? Write three sentences comparing the two companies using the passive. Their frst ice cream shops were opened in the 1970s. fm TEM LM ci 2 Un Wsait tet fer 11.1 REPORTED SPEECH: Say ‘When we report what someone said we usually change the tenses. ‘like you. | She said that she liked me. (present simple) __Gimple past) She said that he was playing football (Gast continuous) | He said that he would see me | tomorrow, |_(would/wouldn't + verb) ‘he sald that she couldn't come to “He's playing football (present continuous) Ill see you tomorrow (willwor't + verb) ‘Iean’t come to the meeting’ the meeting (ankant + vert) (couldkoutdt + verb) Pronoun changes ‘Sometimes pronouns change too. Tis depends who said what and to whom, ‘lke you, sid Joe.» Joe said he ied me. Time changes We also need to change some of the time expressions we use when we report speech. Direct speech Reported speech there at the moment (ight) now at that moment (ight then Nore: there are alot of reporting verbs that we can also use inthe same way as say, including explain, answer, reply, complain, shout. mt 11.2 REPORTED SPEECH: TELL When we use tell to report what someone has sad, we must always say who they were talking to. We need to use aname, a noun or a Pronoun. The name, noun or pronoun comes directly after the verb tel. He told Jane that he was ted. He told his mother that he wasted. He told me he was ied. NOT He toktheswastied. He tlt hewes- redtojane NOTE: When we use say we can add to + the person they're talking to after the words that the person said He said he was fne to me. mn2 na ‘a What did the person say? Change the reported speech into direct speech. 1 She said she wanted to meet more people. 2 Luke said he would be at the party on Saturday. 3. Marie said she was feeling good that day. 4. Chris and Soo said they couldn't go to the cinema the next day 5 Marsha and Juan said they were watching TV at that moment. Read the email and summarise it using reported speech. “o: Alieon Herrera From: Kari Gruber Everything's OK here in Paris. I'm studying French and I can say a few words. There are a lot of interesting, people in the class. | really ike this one git called Trudi. She's from Denmark. Anyway, I don't feel so | homesick anymore, so that’s good news. i 1 try and call you later, Take Care, Karl xxx i Kar said that everything was OK there in Paris, he nz ‘a Report the conversations using tell WE'RE ALL GETTING THERE NT 3.45. Paola told Jan that she'd meet him there at 9 Jan told Hugo that they. Hugo told Giulia Franz b What time did each person arrive at the meeting? ind and correct the mistakes in each of the conversations. 1 A: He said me he was getting married B: Really? 2. A: She told that she wanted to leave him. B: I don't believe that! 3. A: They told to me that they couldn't live together B: I'm not surprised, 4A: She said me that she didn't need any help. B: Yes, | know. She told me the same, UNIT 12 11 MODAL VERBS REVIEW : modal auxiliary verbs that we have looked at include | may, might, could, should and would. | modal auxiliary verbs follow these rules of form: the modal + infinitive without to the modal to form questions and negatives you speak chinese? I might not come tonight. fu don’t need an-s forthe third person singular should see a doctor She can't see you right now. ‘modal auxiliary verbs to add information about the speaker's to the main verb. swim. (ths tells us a fact) to show that we'e talking about the future tosay you think something is possible, but you arent sure to talk about abiliy, possibility and permission in the present to make recommendations {0 talk about imaginary situations tomake arequest also 5.2, 6:1 and 8.2) i241 .2 UseD To ‘used to + infinitive to talk about habits and routines in the past. ‘used to walk to work. Vyou/welthey/he/she/it __used to you/we/they/he/sherit [iets didrtuse eat meat. five in the use to country? Did I/you/we/they/he/sheyit d to & past simple for habits the past simple instead of used to without changing the meaning. ‘used to havea dog when | was younger. -» had a dog when { wos ‘younger JOTE: We do not use used to for actions that only happened once ‘went Africa on holiday in 2005. NOT |sed-0-90 to Africa on holiday in200s. Iking about present habits and routines ‘cannot use used toto talk about present habits and routines. We the present simple (often with usually). ‘usually play tennis twice a week. NOT | use-to-play tennis twice a week. » 12.2 Coates 1a ‘a Look at the phrases in bold. Find and correct five mistakes. A Will you to be at the concert this evening? I'm not sure. | really want to go but | might needing to stay late at work. |no, don’t you can ask your boss if you can leave ? Just this once? A Could you do me a favour, please? 8 Yes, what is it? | A Would you looking after my dog over the weekend? 8 Oh sorry, leant! Were going away! 'b Choose the correct modal verb to complete the text. T'm going away with some friends this weekend to a music festival. I know we can/'ll/might have 2 great time. All my favourite bands are on. We ‘ight/should/would stay on fora few days. We "haven't decided yet. We could/d/might really like sore ‘the coast. If the weather's good, we jould do some windsurfing. I “d/‘l/ 1a Find and correct three mistakes in the text. {used to Joe school I didn't used to want to.come home at theend ofthe day. Tse to kickand ery and ask toy seay with my friends, My mum tse to get relly embarrased! she used to have to pek me up and cary met the ca aboutyou, di you | schoo 00? ” tolove b Write a short text describing your early memories of school. Use used to and didn't use fo. ‘Complete the sentences using the correct form of used to. They (play) in the local pub, now they play in stadiums. They (Crave) in an old van, now they have a private jet They (have) alot of fans, but now they/re famous. They... (make) alot of money, now they're silionaires. 5 They (ove) making music.. and they still do! d Write three more sentences comparing the band's lives before they became famous with their lives now. Use the verbs in the box to help you. drink eat enjoy live spend work WRITING BANK 1 LEARNING JOURNALS a Learning Journal _ Dato: 13° September 2011 Lesson: Page: 4-5 (Speaking the same language) What we di We talked about languages and countries. We listened to people from Paraguay and Wales talking about languages. ‘What [learned: ‘irst/second/official language’, ‘mother tongue’, ‘bilingual’ In clase I was: ene very nervous about speaking in English. © For homework I'm going to do: the vocabulary exercises in the Workbook Td also tke to: learn more about Paraguay. Try the Simple English wikipedia? 1 Read the journal entries. Which do you find easier to read? Which gives you most information about the lesson? 2. Read the journal entries again. Which entry includes 1 the activities the student did in the lesson? the student's feelings about the lesson? the page inthe course book the lesson comes from? ‘example sentences for new vocabulary? questions about vocabulary or grammar? information about the homework? 7 ideas for extra study at home? 3 a @ work in pairs. Read the advantages of writing a learning journal, Put the advantages in order, 1-8 (1 is ‘the most important). You have to think about your lesson again. You can read your journal before a test. You can compare journals with a partner. You can see your progress. You can see which techniques help you to lear. You can record vocabulary that isn't in your course book. You can remember questions to ask your teacher. You practise writing in English sezond 7 talian is ney frst language. jena : official english is an official language in india. “Stefaw ic bilingual ‘He speales Spanish and “Portuguese Twat dees thi mean? Check, in met Lesson Wiinguat mother tongue Couey Languages tes faaiexateny Ch ~Forebiad HL oveniahleparett Patch Holland china mandarin, Cantonese “Homework - wloole vocab exercises b Can you think of any other advantages? Share your ideas with the class. 4. write a journal entry about your last English lesson. Include: © what you studied ‘your feelings about the lesson ‘© any questions you have about the lesson © what you will study at home 5 @® work in pairs. compare your journal entries. Are they similar or diferent? : learning journal isa useful way to remember u have learned and to practise writing in English. d to write fll sentences. You just need to ‘include the important information from 2 COMMENTS ON A WEBSITE NYblogger Thanks for an excellent article, Germaine. So interesting to read about your experiences. 2/08)1} » 15202. for you O posted at 11:42AM © Like Videos © Links Post! Messages © Stats © Photos aa/10/2011 918 aM Lovely image, Milosz! Easily my fave of your album! Looks like you had a great time. Reply» Forward ~ Delete Look at the comments. Which comment(s) come(s) from 1. a photo sharing website? 2 associal networking website? 43 avideo sharing website? 4 ablog? @® Work in pairs. Do you ever write comments like these? Where do you write them? Compare your answers with your partner. "Read the comments again. Find abbreviations that mean 1 congratulations “2 favourite 3 laugh out loud ‘a What does the writer omit in each comment? Match ‘omitted words 1-4 to comments a-d. MW a Very happy for you. 2 Its —_b Looks lke you had a great time! 3 I'm _c So interesting to read about your experiences, 4 itd Really love this video. esto — b Read three more comments. Cross out all the unnecessary words. 1 I love this photo. It looks like such a beautiful place! 2 Great videu, great song! It's definitely the best one from the band’s new album. 3. We're so excited to near you're engaged! It's fantastic news. a @ Work in pairs. Choose three photos from this - Write comments about them for a photo sharing Visit one of the websites in 1 and leave a comment. erally short and informal, -on a website, use short Remember to use a friendly a 3 WRITING TO SAY SORRY 11 Read emails 1-3. Match the emails to photos a-c. “evo Dear Sanjay, TK So sorry to hear that you didn’t Louise and Karl pass your test on Thursday. Better Congratulations on your lovely luck next time! I’m going to send news! Thank you so much for you some money to help you with __ inviting us to the weddin more lessons. Soon you can drive Unfortunately, I'm v here and visit me! you know that we Your auntie Gita x x x T'm afraid that w in Australia in Juz hope y Love cence es Cancelled Cancelled Cra as 2. Read the emails again. Which email(s) 1 give(s) bad news? 2 respond(s) to bad news? 3 say(s) thank you before saying sorry? 4 is/are sent to more than one person? 5 is the most informal? 6 isthe most formal? 3 Complete the phrases from the emails. a Wearew to tell you that, b Sosorry toh that, l'mwriting to| youk that. d Wea for. e I'ma that 1 Were really s that, 4a Which of the phrases in 3 do we use to give bad news? respond to bad news? say sorry? b Which phrase is only used in formal writing? rm ve a fantasti We are wr: tell y due to industrial action siti e going to be a Pfennings, Custoner ser Director 5 choose one of the situations below and write an email to say sorry. Use the expressions in 3 if appropriate. 1 A good friend failed some important exams (decide what kind of exam). Write an email to make him/her feel better (think of something positive that you can say). {An old friend has invited you to his/her house for a holiday. Write an email to him/her to say that you can’t visit and explain why. You are a member of a club (decide what kind of club). You can't attend club meetings anymore. Write an email to the club secretary to say sorry and explain why. Te Remember to make your emails friendly and sympathetic, Imagine you are the person receiving the email and think about how you fee! when you read it. A REVIEW @® when you buy a new gadget, what helps you decide which one to choose? Put the reasons in order, 1-6 (Vis the most important). a the price b the company or brand name {¢ what other people say about it 4 the appearance (size, colour, etc) the special features F how easy itis to use Read the review. What gadget is the writer reviewing? How do you know? What information does the review include? Tick the correct options. 1 the name of the gadget 2 where the writer bought it +3. why the writer chose it 4 the best features 5 the disadvantages 6 who the gadget is suitable for 7 how much it costs Read the review again. Underline all the adjectives. ‘Which are a) comparative adjectives? b) superlative adjectives? ‘a Think about a gadget that you use frequently. ‘Complete the notes about the gadget. What ike aboutit 1 don'tlike about it... like to use your partner's gadget? Why/Why not? Write a review of your gadget in a similar style to the review in 2. Use your notes in 5 to help you. ‘a review, remember to say why you like product. Start with the reasons why you finish by saying what type of person it is b @&® Work in pairs. Compare your gadgets. Would you Sonic 110 | Pestety Ame « z2Nov 201 WAKIT GREAT PRODUCT, GREAT PRICE! | Last week, I bought the new Sonic 110 - I'm really pleased with it! At first, T wasn’t sure which model to buy. A friend recommended the X200. The best thing about that model is the state-of-the-art camera, which takes fantastic photos. The disadvantage? It's one of the most expensive models around! In the end, 1 decided to buy the Sonic 110 because I wanted something cheaper and simpler than the X200. I'm really happy with my choice. For me, the biggest advantage of | this model is the screen. The colours are so clear and bright, even when you're outside in the sun. It’s perfect for surfing the internet or watching videos. The Sonic 110 is smaller and lighter than the X200. Some people might think that’s an advantage. Personally, I disagree ~ it's the only thing I don’t like about this model! The keys on the Sonic 110 aren't very big, which can make typing difficult. This model probably isn’t the best option for people who send a lot of emails or text messages. But for people who want the latest technology at a lower price than the X209, the Sonic 110 is a great choice! » See more 5 star, 4 star reviews A REVIEW @® when you buy a new gadget, what helps you | decide which one to choose? Put the reasons in order, 1-6 (1s the most important) “a theprice b the company or brand name € what other people say about it 4. the appearance (size, colour, etc) € the special features 1 how easy itis touse Read the review. What gadget isthe writer reviewing? .{ GREAT PRODUCT, How do you know? GREAT PRICE! What information does the review include? Tick the Last week, T bought the new Sonic 110 - I'm correct options. | really pleased with it! 1 the name of the gadget 2 where the writer bought it | At first, I wasn’t sure which model to buy. 3 why the writer chose it _ A friend recommended the X200. The best 4 the best features | thing about that model is the state-of-the-art 5 the disadvantages camera, which takes fantastic photos. The {6 who the gadget is suitable for | disadvantage? It’s one of the most expensive 7 how much it costs models around! Read the review again. Underline all the adjectives. | Inthe end, I decided to buy the Sonic 110 Which are a) comparative adjectives? b) superlative | because I wanted something cheaper and adjectives? simpler than the X200. I'm really happy with "my choice. For me, the biggest advantage of this model is the screen. The colours are so | clear and bright, even when you're outside in the sun. It's perfect for surfing the internet or | watching videos. ‘a Think about a gadget that you use frequently. ‘Complete the notes about the gadget. | Gadget. ae. “a ee = ‘The Sonic 110 is smaller and lighter than the X200, Some people might think that’s an advantage. Personally, I disagree - it’s the only thing I don’t like about this model! The keys on the Sonic 110 aren't very big, which can make typing difficult. This model probably isn't the best option for people who send a lot of emails or text messages. “What don'tike about. b @&® work in pairs. compare your gadgets. Would you like to use your partner's gadget? Why/Why not? But for people who want the latest technology at a lower price than the X200, the Sonic 110 6 Write a review of your gadget in a similar style to the sa great choice review in 2. Use your notes in 5 to help you. » See more 5 star, 4 star reviews rite a review, remember to say why you like product. Start with the reasons why you ‘finish by saying what type of person itis 5 WRITING TO SAY THANK YOU 1 @® work in pairs. Think about a few times you said - thank you to someone recently, Discuss the questions. ‘© Who did you thank? ‘© What did you say thank you for? ‘+ How did you say thank you? In person, on the phone or ina letter or email? Thank gon varg much for the money you sent tee for tty birthday, It ning really kind of youn Loe 90109 on holiday next month $0 L'a planning Le Pend iP on soncetbing nice white Fm away! Lhepe moue well. Zna looking Porruard fo seeing you soon, 2 a Read the thank you notes. Which note is for 1 afriend? 2 arelative? 3 aperson the writer doesn’t know well? 'b Which note is a) the most informal? b) the most formal? ——————_—— Hi Karin, Thanks so much for your support this week. Things have been really difficult with all the revision and ‘everything! Really appreciate all your help. Let's get together after the ‘exams! © See you, Jon am writing to say thank you for letting us stay in your property in Austria last month. We were very happy with everything and we thought the flat was beautiful. We had a lovely holiday in Seefeld. The weather was excellent and we really enjoyed exploring the town and the local area ‘We will definitely use the “FindAFlat’ website again when we plan our next holiday! ‘Thank you again. Kind regards, Ferrara Costa 3 Read the notes again. Identify the three parts of each note. 5 Choose one of the situations you discussed in 1. Write ‘© greeting» saying thankyou © ending the letter an appropriate note to say thank you. 4 a Complete the table with phrases from the notes. 6 Swap notes with a partner. Check that your partner included the three parts from 3 and used appropriate Informal More formal language. Greeting errors of formality reader than small errors in ing. Be careful not to saying thank you Ending the letter b What other phrases can you use? MAKING ARRANGEMENTS Hi Bryan, hi Tao! How are you? Bryan Good, thanks. © You? (Tee I'm fine thanks! We're making plans for Saturday ~ do you still want to come to the beach? | tine Yeah, I'd love to! What time are you planning to leave? Bryan | We're thinking of meeting at my house at 10. ting | ok, sounds great. How about | bring a picnic for everyone? Tao Sure! There will be about eight of us. Jen and Mati are coming - they're vegetarian. Ling Hmm, OK... Bryan Why don't we have a barbeque? Then everyone can bring something to cook. It might be easier. Tao Good idea! I'll email the others tonight and let them know. Bryan Thanks, Tao! Right, what else do we need to plan? Read the web chat between Bryan, Ling and Tao, Answer the questions. 1. What are they organising? 2 When are they going? 3 What have they organised so far? Look at the words and phrases in the box. Which are used to a make suggestions? respond to suggestions? why don't we suret it might be I'dlove to good idea! ‘we're thinking of sounds great how about ‘a Read the web chat again. Make a “to do’ lit for the other things that the friends need to organise. tb &® work in groups. Continue the web chat between Bryan, Ling and Tao. Make arrangements about the things on your to do' ists, © Workin pairs. You want to do something with your English class to celebrate the end of your course. Decide what you will do and when, write a web chat to make arrangements for your event. TIP ‘Ina web chat, use simple sentences in an _ informal style. Remember to respond to ‘other people's suggestions in a friendly, polite way! COMMUNICATION BANK 1.4 Functional language, page 12, 3.4 Functional language, page 32, Exercise 7 Exercise 8 © towels, 8 sink plug f bottle opener 1h remote control 2.4 Functional language, page 22, Exercise 5a Student a ‘You are the passenger, The weather is bad Yoday and there are delays to all of the flights. When you check in, ask about the delays to your flight. 2.4 Functional language, page 22, Exercise 5b Student A ‘You are the hotel receptionist. Because of work to renovate the hotel eports facilities, the evinming pool and gyn are closed. there is a private sporte club across the road which hotel gu can use free of charge. Tae club i open ‘until 10pm 3.0 Key Vocabulary, page 25, 8 BB as a capita city Bi for an emperor in memory of a loved one EB 2s religious monument Bl as a defence against invasion Tl to hold competitions BF to bury the dead to protect an important source of water fee UES 5.5 Speaking task, page 57, Exercise 4 student A Read the information about the school in photo @ land anawar Student B's questions. Name of school: City English small friendly hotel near Dublin @ kilometres) 1. Accommodation? 2 Courses which English, French, Spanish, os © subjects? Japanese F 3 Class size? 1-5 students 4 Activities? film club, trips around Dublin 5 Price? «350 pare 2 Ask Student B questions to complete the table — about the school in photo € orem Name of school: American Families FreeDream 1 Accommodation? 2 Courses ~ which subjects? 3 Class size? 4 Activities? 5 Price? 6.2 Vocabulary, page 62, Exercise 4 student A 159) NICATION BANK 2.4 Functional language, page 22, 6.2 Vocabulary, page 62, Exercise 4 Exercise 5a student 2 You are the airline check-in assistant ‘The flight has been cancelled. 011 passengers are booked on to the next Light tomorrow worning, The airline hat booked hotel rooms for all the passengers at the airport. They can get a free Sinner at the hotel. 2.4 Functional language, page 22, Exercise 5b student 2 You are the guest. You want to book in for two nights. You want to know the opening times of the swimming pool and sm. 5.5 Speaking task, page 57, Exercise 4 8.2 Listening, page 86, Exercise 4b student > rt part Ask Student A questions to complete the table ee eee ee eet Sue went to meet her birth family. She liked them and they liked her. The Millers were serious, shy fenamnorag aaa People and so was Sue. She was never close to aaawrar=rxeons S|_ —_ her brother Bob Medonald (who was not her real 1. Accommodation? brother) and was worried that she would lose him. 7 eowme—wnen | subjects? 2 oe — Marti met her real brother (Bob McDonald) first 4 Activities? and they became good friends because they were Pee ere both outgoing and fun. She then met her birth | parents, but Marti thought that they didn’t want es toget close to he, because they thought of Sue as their real daughter. Read the information about the school in photo © and answer Student A’s questions, Name of school: American Families : 1 accommodations | Sens tay with American 2 jealous because she thought she was —eEE | ee losing her parents to Sue. Sue and Marti never 2 Courses which | engi, nistory, Literature became friends because they are very different subjects? | and both felt jealous in some way. However, they 3 Class size? 10-15 students now go to the family events of both families. ‘ekaitilee? walks in the mountains, ‘swimming, cycling 5 Price? $550 Reading, page 87, Exercise 3 1 human chameleon, and because of this Peete Pe nee tac eee esc ed ee eee Pesaro ti em ens ota Pee ro nr Pee eM Oru eee ec a Pinner area ee eet Je (not actors!) from history. He even appears Tents Tora erotic Den Ue e eae uu UW eee Tar nic eect y set ae | Se eM) Pecan ets PORE ore) Teme eet enn eee sc ree ecu Berner cas Meet ects eae Peer eat: 5 Speaking task, page 101, Exercise 5 Name: Melanie Fulton Income per month “take home’ pay any other income ‘Total income Expenses per month accommodation 250 bills (telephone, gas, electricity) Rs subscriptions (magazines, TV, gym) 0 food 100 eating out and entertainment 250 clothes, shoes 200 Total expenses See Income minus expenses | | ! wana * | | | | Review C, Unit 8, page 103, Grammar, Exercise 3b by cans Review D, Unit 10, page 136, Grammar, Exercise 1b 1 North America 2 b)England 3 ©) 27S million people 4 b) English EUS ye ead ole) aes Herein Wales there are two official languages = Welsh and English. Everybody speaks English, but not everybody speaks Welsh ~ but all ead signs and official documents are in both languages. have two fst languages. | speak English and Welsh, and so do all my family | usualy speak Welsh at home, and | studied in both languages at school. learned French at school as a foreign language, so! speak some French, but | never practse It, 50 I've forgotten a lot of it. Oh, also speak a little Japanese ~ very Ite! im studying it at the moment. Ernesto Hit 'm Ernesto. I'm from Paraguay. My frst language i Guarani thats the language | learned first. My second language Is Spanish Itisn’t my mother tongue, but! leasnes it when 1 was very small! We have two languages in my country, beczuse Guarani and Spanish are both oficial languages in Paraguay. Most government forms and school Books are in both languages. Most people here are bilingual, so they speak both languages rally welll @) 190.3 5 sandra ‘his yar, | don't have much ime to study Engish, because of my job, but plan to spend about four hours a week working on English. ike musi and fms, so plan to listen to music and to wateh fms in Erlish ance or twice a week. You can earn alt of Vocabulary and slang from this, andi’ fun. Sometimes in clas | forget wha learned before, span to read my notes before fas to help me to remember what we talked about in the last clas. also plan to study my notes fom cass when I'm doing my homework. Homework usualy takes me bout two hours @ week. think thisis al have time for max ‘This year, | think can spend about eight hours a week studying English ~ one hour Inthe morning every day before work, and three hours at the weekend. | have homework twice a week, and | plan to spend alot of time outside class studying vocabulary. ike tomake lists of vocabulary and test myself = ‘Usually, I write the words by topic and then L write a translation next tothe word | plan ‘to.read whatever I can in Engish and write ‘down ll the new words in my vocabulary notebook. 'man expert with my electronic Gictionary ~ 'm very fast and | use it all the time to help me to understand new language When 'm reading magazines. | also plan to find exercises to help me practise online. @) 240.14,63 Roxanne | don’ ike ets, especialy the one ive i. {R's nosy and dirty! When I can, ike to g0 Somewhere wil, in the mide of mature. My favourite place isthe rainforest inthe south of china. wet ane rainy, but there's so mich to see, you den’ cael took loads of photes of tees and animals. | didnt want to forget anything! Juan My favour place in the word isa iver in the north of Uruguay, nat far from where live, k's really peaceful place, so quiet. go to the ver most weekends and fish. At Teast, | pretend to fish, but alto the time | Justrelax. OK, sf 'm honest, sometimes fal asleep! sunee "ve lived on the island of Phuket in Thailand my whole life. t's small, but it's very friendly ‘my family and | often goto this beach on the east coast to meet friends and talk, and sometimes we eat here too. I's ively place ~ there's always something happening. Mohammed Hove walking, whichis useful | guess, because | work asa tour guide! The Moroccan desert can be dangerous, but i's very beautiful to, especially in the mountains inthe west. try to help vistors understand that this place is unique ~ there's nowhere quite ike it @) 25 7.13,63 = Presenter S=Steve Welcome to Nature Watch. Our guest this ‘moming i Steve Bolton, who won the ‘Wort wilde Photographer competition a ew days ago, Steve i's a great photo. Was it lie to take? S: No, twas very easy took itlast year, wile my gtriend and! were traveling {trough Bola, was iting nex toa river and saw the tog. twas jumping tocatch an insect and lucky had my camera with me...and that Was it Being a photographers an unusual job How dg tall star? S: Ohyit started way back, when Iwasa kd 1 gta camera for Christmas when Twas eight = no, sorry, when twas seven | absolutely loved it. When | was nine, already knew twas going to bea ‘Photographer when | grew up. And here : What ae the bes things about your jb? S Wel, ove traveling! ve been to africa alot, because my parents live in Nairobi, ‘he capital of Kenya But! didn't go there last year. Fora change, visited the south, from Australia to Antarctica — well the 7 northern part of Antarctica, anyway. Next year 1d like to go somewhere new, maybe North America, to photograph the bears ‘That'd be exciting! Which animals do you like the best? Butterflies and fish are pretty, but! really love working with big, wild animals, especialy ons. once took a great photo cof one when | was working in Afi. It looked amazing while it was running ~ 50 beautiful. don't lke snakes, though. They'e too dangerous! imagine working with animals can be dieut. 'S: Well, they often surprise you! Once, while ‘was filming birds in the desert, a monkey ‘an away with my lunch! On another trp, a crocedile ate my bag - with my mobile insiet *: How awfull S: Yeah, it wasnt funny atthe time.. @) 277.2061 Jan 'A: We hada really reat time on holiday. Fe got totell you about the frst night, because it was eal funny. Something really strange happened. 8: Yeah, what? ‘A Welle spent ages shoppin, s0 we were late getting tothe campsite. While we were ving there it go eally dark. o we put ‘the tent up quickly, then we went to bed. Anyway, earl inthe morning, we heard this really strange noe... woke everyone up, because twas 0 loud. And thats not al: itaidt sound, wel man. 2: Ooh, tightening! A: Yeah, twas! Jacek and wanted to call for nlp, but Agata tod us not tobe sil. White we were taking about what to do, she opened the tent door and you won't believe what happened... bs what? 1A: This, uh, cow, put its head right inside the tent There were cows everywhere. {seems we were camping inthe wrong place! ‘hats erazy! Yep, twas crazy alright but really funny Welaughed forages never forget. cia ‘sre was a fantasti holiday rally great Wel. apart from the last day that it We had abit ofa scary experience! ‘bs Oh no, what happened? Wel, we wete driving through a safari when some monkeys jumped onto the We were driving along, looking 2¢ al the animals. Some monkeys wee following when suddenly they jumped ont the We coud see them through the wit 2; Ohno! #2 Ppecasesey Tey ee nose! Then one of them climbed through 2 the window and took my sunglasses! ‘NotI don't believe itt ‘yes! Then it ran away with them ~ and “they were really expensive! Anyway, then ‘some men came ané chased the monkeys away. ‘That sounds..e, interesting, Lucia, The things, ve gat to go, Ive got some fiends oming over and. Shal | cal you later? ‘Good morning, can have your passport, please? Yes, Ofcourse, here itis. ‘Where are you traveling to, sit ‘Singapore ‘Do you have your fight reference number with you? Yes, ere you are. “Thanks very much. How many bags do you ‘want to check in? Justthis one. Did you pack the bag yoursel?” Yes. ‘You didn't leave it unattended at any time? No, no. “Ok, thank you. Sir, 'm afraid there isa delay on your fight. ‘oh dear... How longi it? Fm not sure. They'l inform you a the boarding gate. Please go straight through to passport contol now. ‘Oh, that's terrible, 'm going to miss my ‘connection. “Here's afree pass to our business lounge, you'll be more comfortable ther. ‘0h, that’s great. thank yout Hi, can help? Yves, can we check in, please. The name" ‘mantel ‘Of course, do you have your booking reference number? Yes, here itis, we booked online. ‘what was the name, again? Mantel [ah es, here you ae, a double room “artiving 15" and leaving on the 17.15. ‘that correct? “That's right. just one question. Certain. fs breakfast included? etme check, sir. Yes, that’s right. [Breakfasts from 7 1010. And have some |good news for you, ou have a suite! ‘Oh, that's a surprise. Thanks very much. Here's your key. room 202... Leave your bags and we'll take them up to your room. Enjoy your stay! “Thanks, we wil! One more thing... yes? Is there Wil inthe rooms? ‘Yes, but there's an extra cost for internet. Here are the deta (Oh, that's a shame. [A: So, do you remember The Seven Wonders ‘of the Modern Word, Jace? ‘8: Oh yes, wasn't it some kind af online competition or something? ‘A: Yes, thats it, quite a few years ago, now. 2007, think. A Swiss-Canagian, Bernard ‘Weber, setup the project. He asked people to vote on the seven best constructions in the world today, is that right? B: Yes, remember - frst people from around the world nominated their favourite landmarks ~ they all had to be ‘man-made - and then everyone voted forthe top seven. The winners were announced on July the 7° 2007, the Seventh of the seventh of 2007! { don't think | can name all seven though! ‘Well, in alphabetical order they ae: ‘Chichen itza the Mayan pyramid in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Jn, yes. ve been there ~ it's wonderful. 1: The Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ‘A: Of yes, there's a great view ofthe city from there, ve never been, but 've seen ‘photos. Amazing! ‘The Colosseum in Rome. Of course! 18: The 6.000 kilometre-long Great Wall of china. [As Id ove to go to China to see that ~ they say it's the only man-made structure that you can see from space. The Ina city of Machu Picchu, near Cuzco in Pevu Another place Ive always wanted to visi. Petra the city made in rock, in Jordan Oh yes, that really is such a beautiful place. ‘and the Taj Mahal in Agra, India \: Thave been there. What a great lst! But no pyramids? | mean the pyramids in Egypt? No, they were onthe original Ist ~ the ‘Seven Wonders of the Ancient World @) 310, 9.32,02 Saal JeJake C= Carty O=Dave 5 OK. So what do you think? Which is your favourite Jake? Wel personaly, prefer the ones that Show beatiful scenery, because realy ike nature. what do you think, Carb? ‘But thats so boring rather have Something modern 1k his design - i's realy abstract and cool : The problemi, yu have to change your Skin every two weeks i you ite things tat ar in fashion 3 prefer something more classic, ike a lee of at. What bout you, SaP Which 6o you prefer? sé Ike that one ke to have one that ‘shows one of my hobbies or interest. much rather have one thatsays someting about me and who am |, Wel really, you want you laptop skin ee perer Patten ae Oran to say something about you, wouldnt itbebetter to have a custom design ~ something that you design yourself? Si | suppose you'e right Or... what about ro design at all? What Ifyou don’t want people to know anything about you? Which is better? hart really thought about that. @)) 439.38, 0x2 1 ‘Wow, ook so young in this photo. Many girls in Colombia have whats called a Quinceafera party when they're fifteen. All your frends and family are there t's a great party, We all dress up in these lovely dresses its definitely much more important than a orm birthday party. I's when you become an adult. | remember we danced all ight. {met my fist boyfriend there! Did | fee! like anaduk afterwards? Not really. | as stil at ‘school. couldn't drive a car | didn't leave home il was 25! But | had lots of fun and lots of presents! 2 ‘We were bath 28 when we got married. We were s9 nervous - and so happy. I rally was avery special day. All our fiends and family ‘were there Even my boss came! | don’t think stopped smiling all ay! Digit make a ditference? Well, yes it did | was surprised how big a difference it made. Some people say weddings are just an excuse for aparty, but no it’s much, much more. When | ook. at the ring and think ofthat day, ! know it changed my ite for me. 3 ‘This was such a wonderful ay. And she's such an incredible lady. tt was really hard to believe that she was 100 years ol. She spoke so clerly and intelligently. Everybody was there to celebrate with her: her colleagues, her frends, her family. t really was a very specie occasion. @) 47.745, x2 Photo A audio! 1 Helen! Welcome back! Here, these are for hey beautiful, thank you. It's great to see you. know it was just a ‘week, but I've missed you, Helen. (Oh, me too... mean, I've missed you, 10. ‘twas a really boring business trip, ane Fm glad tobe back So tellme, how are things? 18: Oh, pretty good, yeah. t was fairly quiet atwork this week so. Photo B A: George! It's great to see you again I's been a long time since we last met. ‘must be what, twenty years now? 1 Twenty-two, | think... yes, twenty-two since we reticed from the schoo}, I's goos to catch up, after al this time, it's shame we've only gota few hours. ‘A: Yes, we must meet up again soon. So, what are you doing now? '8: Oh, | moved to Scotland when | stopped teaching... Did! tell you that my eldest son hhasa business in Edinburgh? es, | remember. successful, (es, we'te very proud. How are your sons? hey/re fine, thanks. They'd love tomeet you. Photo c ‘A: Oh, it's 30 good... it's so good to see you. Eight months. 1's...’ been so long since Isa you. 1: Yeah, itis, itis.’ great to be back home again. So, Mum... how's it going? ‘A: Oh, not bad... we've been OK. But you don't want to hear about that We all want tohnear about you! 28: Well, ve got lots to tel you. Is Dad here? And everyone else? ‘A: Yes, they're ll inside. They cant wait to see you. @) 5119.49, 0x2 1 My candidate forthe Teacher ofthe Year avard is Professor Quarash Professor Cuarashieaches univers courses 2 normaton Technology. That's realy tsa ~ not many women each in Saud Arabi. hy amy cd want me to got Univers They wanted met et marred But Professor Quarasi helped me, she Spoke tomy parents, and now I'm studying TT too Professor Quarash says its important to choose your favour subject or your degree, nd love computers! ThankYou, Professor youre my Reo. 2 My vote goes to Matthew Sanford Matthew teaches nthe USA, He's abled ana he needs ose awheechal But he doesnt stay 2 home al day. He teaches yoga He Beeves everyone can do something amazing whoever you are and whatever problems you have His yoga leszone ae great | ely look forward to them, Theyre certainly mach mote fam than staying Home and wating TV 3 fm glad he's been so ‘A&B: Vote for Phill ‘A: Pil Higgins is our Science teacher. He teaches us at primary school. : Primary schoo! is usually boring, but MF Higgins makes it fun, : Yeah. And he's amazing because he's not jst a Science teacher he's pilot too! Yeah. Sophie and |, we go to a tiny schoo! in Australia, mile from any towns. We've only got one classroom, and one teacher, Mrs Green. Mrs Green is a great teacher, but she doesn't teach Science. Mi Higgins {is our Science teacher. And he's the best! ‘A: We love learning about science. Mr Higin' Science lessons are great. 15: Yes he fess plane to our vilage once a week, and he teaches us Science outdoors. He thinks classrooms are uly places ‘Ak: And we think he should get the Teacher of the Year award. @) 53.0.50,&1 1 aia Hm aria, rm not eoing anything exciting this summer, because I need to stud. im taking my fra exam in Forensic Scence next ‘month Forensic Since fea popular ‘ow. chose this course because Ilove TV police dramas lke cSt and Sones, and | want to elp the police find criminals. The problem is thousands of students have had the same ideal Im working realy har fortis exam Decause need to get a good grade. 2 Raushan {im Ravshan. Next month im going to start a degre in equine stusies. n my home cout. Kazakhstan, horses are very important: my ‘amily has Several horses and we ide them in competitions. There arent any Euin Studies degrees at my local univers 0 my family. were moving to the USA inthe new year and tim going to study there. Thee are loads of equine courses nthe USA~you can even take 2 cours inhorsepsychalogy, so you can learn how horses think! But 'm more interested in leaning about neath and medicine. want 0 hep our horses be strong, f= and win ots of prizes! 3 Lee Hm Lee. At rst, | wanted to study Sports Science aun, ause ove football ut ouient make my min up| dit know if "enjoy studying spor instead of playing it-Thent hear about this new course at Birmingham University, all about socal ‘networking ~ chatting to trends ovine, that Sort of thing. already spend haf my time doing that! im starting the curse nex year, and geting exited about it aren. My parents don think it's real degree ~ they want me to study atradkona subject ie dunno, Chemistry. Bu | think the internet thats the future, int might be trendy” ‘now, bu in ten years’ time i's going to be like story or iterate ~ everybodys gong to be ding @) 89.9.6, mtonation Pease canst nee? Please canst hee? Couid you help me, pease? Could you help me, pease? Would you Ike to come? Would you tke to comer @) s10,5.52 62 1A: Hala. Adventures in ngs er. How can help you? 2: Er, ood morning! | read an advertisement ‘about your school inthe international Times, and it sounds very interesting. Could | ask you afew more questions? ‘A: Certainly. What would you lke to know? 8: Well, rst of all could you tell me where your students stay? A Sure. Students stay n a big hotel near the famous Sydney Bridge. Lots of our students lie to take photos there! 3: That sounds nice... dike to know more about the courses. What subjects do you. teach? \: Well, there's English, of course! But you Can also choose extra classes in Literature, Art and Music. Music Is always very popular! 8: OK, thanks. also like ta know how big your classes are, ‘A: They're quite small We usually have between five and ten students ina class No more than tat 1: Great, thanks. Sorry, | have another ‘question. What activities can students do ater school? ‘A: Oh, there's lots! Students can do sports, walk around the city, or they can goto the «cinema. We aso take students on trips to the coast 8: One last question... what does your course cost? ‘A: I's $600 a week! ‘8: $6001 But the plane tickets $5501 0h ‘ear, | need to think about this. Could call you later? 'A: Of course, whenever you like, 3: Thank you. Thanks for your help. @) 619.5802 1 isis a reat story. t's about how teenagers are volunteering help older people earn how to se computers, They dont just help them with echnical things They teach them bout fun things too ~ fing cps trom tele favourite tims, or thelr favour singers, seaming and copying old photos, nelsing {hem fn the news theyre interested in ands nt only about computers Is about building bridges in the community, biagng {he old and the young together, epg them understand each thers words, Tete shuld be more poets ike this 2 | know this sounds lke a joke - butt really «lid happen. Iwas there. saw it. There was a cat stuck inthe tree, and its owner called the firefighters - they had to use ther ladder and everything. i was very dificult, but in the ena they got the cat down I dont thinkt was the best possible use of the emergency services! But suppose it gave them some extra, Dractice for when there's areal emergen 3 We help out ata loca charity 1 go out Sunday if| can ~ and we were out j handing out food and talking to (homeless people down by the market. cold, and we were giving them soup bread, Anyway, we were there as usual this young kid walked over, he was just a {and he walked up to one man and him his burger ~ the burger his dacs just bought for him, His dad was nodding {smiling, and the horneless man smiled ‘twas such ance, generous gesture. ez Natalie J = Jason ‘Ummm Natali, can take this afternoon off asholiday? “Honm, | don't know Jason. You should ish that report forthe presentation ‘tomorrow. | ew, but cant do any more today. 'm sill waiting forthe information | need ‘rom jon Bodley. ‘Wel, you should call him and tel him you need it urgently. ‘know, ve called a few times and left a message. He hasn't called back yet. The ‘thing is. going to play football, to make some money forthe local hospital. | ‘can't say n0, can? ‘Well, suppose i's OX this time. But you ‘shouldn't ask for time off onthe same day = you should ask at east a week before. Sorry, Natalie. Thanks. | an finish the report this evening, Fmt feetng wel. have headache and a fever. ‘Why don’t you go home and go 10 bea? “There's a fire inthe kitchen! ‘You should cal the emergency ‘number. Frm not doing well in college, because | miss you so much, What should | do? {You should ask someane for help. ‘Why don't you speak to your teacher and see what she says? Fe got terrible problems at work rm so stressed, Do you thnk | should talk to my boss? ‘There are people who can help with stress, Why don’t you tak toa professional? Fm going to be late for clas. What can do? What about calling your friend? she Canlet someone know. ‘0h no! This woman has fainted! ‘Quick, you need to calla doctor eee e eR fe '=Presenter j=Jan T=Tanya ‘Fon today’s programme, we're visting ‘wo unusual restaurants. The first one is called the Restaurant of the Future, and i's at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. We spoke to science correspondent Jan Walters to learn why i's so unusual. . Hi, Jan. Well it doesn took like a futuristic restaurant. So, what's 0 special about this place? Well it look ike a normal university canteen - and in fact tis anormal university canteen. The intresting thing is that its also a laboratory. ‘What do you mean, a laboratory? Well, there ae ten cameras in the canteen, hich fim people as they eat and drink. Here on these screens, the researchers watch how people make a choice about what to eat an drink. Scientists are studying the science of food, doing research into why people eat and crink the way they do, And they'e getting alot ‘of very interesting data. More than 250 students at the university are taking part inthe project. OF course, the students on’ know what the scientists are looking for, but they do their best to co-operate. ‘The scientists have already made progress, In fact they've made some surprising discoveries. For example..? ‘ell, they've discovered that, on average, women spend longer deciding what to feat than men. And they make changes ~ very small changes ~ inthe lighting, the ‘decoration, etc, and they've noticed, for example, that people eat more food when there are flowers on their table. : That's interestng...And what kindof food do people eat? 1: Ohvall sorts! Manufacturers often ask the researchers to do work on new food inthe cestaurant, so the menu is always changing. They aiso do tests on all kinds ‘of things: how much food people leave ‘on thei plate, how quickly they make a decision about what to eat. lots of things. : Now. our second destinations a very diferent kind of restaurant of the futur. \We're in London's Soho, in an oriental fusion restaurant called Inam. | spoke to restaurant critic, Tanya Ballesta Hi Tanya, 1: Hi there, How are you? Pr So, tll us, how is this the restaurant of the future, then? “T. Well the first thing to notice isthe lighting land the decoration. The interior designers did lots of dtferent experiments before they chose this, They have created a special atmosphere, ikea science-fiction ‘movie. | think t's great! : And they've invented a new system for ordering fo, is that right? 1 Yes, as you can see the tables are touch- sensitive and interactive. Each table has a projector and a track pad, 30 you can see the food lash up onthe tabie top infront satan REO La of you.Then while you are wating, you ‘an watch the chef making food on live \web :am, and even playa video game on your table. : So, there are no people serving? There's no one taking your order, but the waiter brings the food to your table. ‘That way it's much quicker, and there are ro mistakes! And when you've finished, you can order a taxi to take you home by simply licking a button. Itallseems a bt too high tech for me. ‘Well they'e experimenting with new [ideas all the time, ané most people love the novelty value. One day all restaurants right be ike tis! @) 14 p.78,61 1 Fontee How much technology do | use? Not much! {want Rep the erronment, so try not to use ts of energy thes met save Atle money too, which seat. hate Shopping 350 boring! dont have aot of things | dont have a TV, an MP3 player, for even a ridge nothing ike that, Do | ever mis technology? Un, ifm honest Yes. co, sometimes. & computer would be eat ITove surfing the net, there's alot Srtsinaing omaen ater, A ft use to have any gadgets or electric tes cal bu afew years ago Dough tryst sal electric fre. Where tan get cold in winter really col! But try not To ust for too many hours a day. 2 bela when use tectnlogy fe! really get 3 errle headache, and then | have to go to bed. isnt much un! My doctor told me that technology can make afew people fel sick This sa huge problem for me! us look round you te net time youre in town: how many gadgets do you see? Neary everyone Seems to have mobile phones, MP3 players there aren't many places Ica visit without setting a headache. 501 usualy tay in Think some day, have to move. There are Stilts of countries where peopl don't use mmuchteennoogy ke pats of Afric. ike togothere- t oul be good to fee! well xan 3 Keri Hive na place which doesn't have any tect. o there nt much technology. darvteare it isn'ta problem forme. dont reed alot of gadgets tobe happy ~ | think people spend too mich time watching TV nd laying computer games anyway. father pend more time having fun with my fenés and family 'm nat realy interested in fence and technalogy, and! get bored when Wwe have to study it at choo. im much more Interested in mus. want to bea musician wor eave school, ike my dad ike tobe The tim aR ed @) 75, p.80, intonation 1 As Young people know more about technology than thet parents 8: L completely agree with you {think everyone should eat organic food No, ont agree Science programmes on TV ate boring. Doyou agree? Absolutely nt. ‘The environment four biggest problem today 8: definitely agree with that. @) a1p.2.03 [A: These photos are great aren't they? DB: Let's see. What are they exactly? ‘A: Wellit's ths new website I've found ~ it hasa collection of fake photos. Look and an explanation about how they faked them. : What do you mean? A: Wel, look at this one for example. t's a really old photo, and it was really famous atthe time. t's supposed to be a photo of the Loch Ness Monster. It doesn't look very realistic to me! \: Well, no, but at the time a lat of people believed it was real. Sohow did they fake it then? AA: Well, it was taken before the days of computer generated images - they used 2 toy submarine and a model, asimple plastic model. but it worked, the photo's still really well-known. So's this one! love itt The frst time 1 saw it thought t was genuine. And so did alot ‘of ther people too. twas from a video for a prototype of anew mobile phone. it was shown online. Lots of people commented fon itand wanted to know where to buy it. But it didn't actually exist. it was a fake, | mean, it was just a concept you know, an idea, for 2 phone of the future. They just used a piece of white paper, got the actor ‘to ook lke she was using it as a phone {and added the images in later. ‘5: That's really clever! It had me fooled! The final results pretty impressive though Isnt it? want to buy it too! [: And what about this one then? This photo looks authentic to me. ‘8: Yes, you'e right, the photo is, but what about the trick? Do you think that's real? { mean, do you rally think he's lifted the Birt up into the ar? There must be some kindof trick to it ‘A: well it's magic isn't 1 | mean, you just have to believe, don't you? B: And you believe init? ‘A: No, but its really clever - I've got absolutely no idea how they do it! No ‘matter how carefully look, really can't see how they do it @) 8.6,p.90,e1 T= Teacher t E=emma Now listen, Emma, 'm little worried about you this term. f you don’t work harder, youll fall this course and | don't want that to happen. Your grades are very low. Be carefull E: Can redo my essay? E t ‘Well, usually | don’ et students rewrite, but f you give me your essay bby tomorrow, I'l give it back to you by Monday. Thank you. (0K ~ off you go.now. and get on with your essay @) 95, 9.92, x2 1 3 ‘A: Canyou lend me some money? | need to pay for the dog's haircut. Sure, How much éo you need to borrow? A: About 20. Give me 50, and I'l save the rest for the weekend. |A: ttwas a great idea to spend the ‘money on this trip! know = we deserve it. We worked hard, and, wel, we earned alot of ‘money this year | don't fel guilty! ‘A: And, of course, we won al that ‘money, too... nthe lottery. Bs Here's to ust A: I's too much money to invest in a painting, B: W's good price, let's make an offer. A: I'm not sure we should, | don't want ‘to waste our money, 8: Comeon, let's see what happens. [A How much does this handbag cost, please? 8: $400. ‘Ac Oh, can't really afford it, but really tke it. Itrealy suits you, madam. 1 could just use my credit card B: Yes, of course, cash or card, ‘whichever you prefer, madam. A: Ok, Ihave it @) 92956 1 Well, | think even If was rich, wouldn't lnvest in art i's too risky | think property isa better investment. | think having a ‘mortgage and paying interest tothe bank is ok, because you can get the money back ‘rom rent. I's a good way of planning for the future. agree with them, it's good to spend money on a luxury holiday. We do the same every summer. Sometimes we get 2 loan from the bank, or pay frit by credit ‘ard, and forget about it for a couple of ‘months, but it's worth it The trouble is, you get the bill for your summer holidays 2 Christmast 3 Shopping is one ofthe greatest pleasures, im ie. But don't think you should spend all your salary on expensive clothes and handbags.’ ok rom time to time if you've gota btof spare cash. But dont bay fr iton cred 4. Spending money on dogs, now that’s crazy! know somebody who spent a fortune on ther: there are lots of hidden costs wth animals ~ their food, vet's fees, they'e almost as expensive as having children @) 9.4, p.95, 61 1 if you saved mare money, you wouldn't have ths problem, 2 dhe you ft had more time. 3. ifyou lived ina smaller place, you'd be able to live more cheaply 4. Would you be happier if you had less money? @) 9.01, p. 101, x4 Well, Steve. As you can see, you spend more than you earn, which is why you cant pay off your creditcard bills. So, what we need to o is look at how you can spend less money. First of all, ou say you buy a sandwich for Junch. Why don’t you make your own lunch athome and take it to work? That would be ‘much cheaper. Then, the second thing that ‘would save you money isnot eating out as ‘much. This is very expensive. Why don't you cook at home and share the expenses with your housemates? it seems you could also «ut down on your entertainment expenses. You could go out one night a week instead of ‘two. Why nat ask your friends to come to your hhouse to watch TV orto have diner instead ‘of going out? OK ~ the next thing is the gym. You say you'r paying £40, but you only go ‘once a month, That's an expensive trip to the ‘gym! Why not give up the subscription and pay each time you go, or even better, do some ‘exercise that doesnt cost money, like going running around where you ive. The final area ‘where you can save money ison clothes and shoes. You need to ct this down to half. Look {or things in sles that cost less, So... what do you think? 5@) 10, p. 106, x3 1 hate the way they show the same a ‘over and over on TV. Sometimes you're flicking through the channels and it's the same ad on all of ther. Car adverts in particular annoy me ~ 1 don’t really know why. | don't ike the way they're selinga lifestyle’ and the slogans are ‘exaggerated, ke It must be love’ ofthe power of dreams’. mean, come on, i's just a machine! 2. Thateitwhen | get ads on my mobile phone. | hear the Deep beep and | know ve got a message and it tums out that It’s the mobile phone company saying ‘number of points and tling me do with these points, they have ‘or special ofer or something. There’ so much advertising and | don't mind that we see and billboards everyday but the want fs mote advertising in my Cimon, guys! guy walking around in the town advertising a new clothes store, [ked was the fact that the advert his Fshirt The Tshirt was a {colour, and he was attractive, and | That's a very original campaign! 1d go and have alook. They ‘opening sale and! bought some there - | got a few real bargains... all my fiends to go. So 'm a good 5a football shirt represent? Well ‘tis symbol ofa football club. Hfeatall dubs are sponsored by other |= they get money from companies ‘their logo to appear on the shirt. shirt advertises two things atthe same “es own cub and another company. It's and huge profits are made he shirt sles. shirts also a fashion item. To mare money, new shirts are every year, for both home’ and games. The fans keep buying the new ibecause everyone wants the latest shirt, fone from last year. But i's not just the /who buy ther, Football shirts are now ‘seen everywhere. Walk down any tourist ‘treet and youl se hundreds of dtterent ‘eotbal shirts fr sale. And ofcourse, the shirt ‘says something about you ané your identity. “That's why football shirts ae so popular! “Thanks to global media, footballs row “followed all over the worl, in counties ‘here nobody supported it betore, such as “Japan or China. When European clubs visit ‘Asia for promotional tours, their shirts are "worn by everybody. So there isa big market for imitation shirts because the offi shits ‘are inctecibly expensive. Thousands of fake ‘football shirts are soldat bargain prices. Unfortunately lke many clothes these days, ‘most footbal shirts are manufactured in ‘the developing world by factory workers on ‘very low salaries, who often workin terible ‘oncitions. They are then sold at huge profits by the clubs. So for me, the footbal shirt {sa symbol of globalization - the good and ‘the bad. Ithelps brings the world together ‘through the love of football, but it’s also an ‘example of exploitation - how big industries ‘exploit the poorer countries in the world @) 10.7.0. 14,2 ‘A: Whats that? Jat rice. 2s Jol ice? ‘es, basicaly it’ rce cooked with tomatoes and spices. I's traditional West Arca dish And what's his? 6: That's moinmoin. t's akind of bean paste. 's made with steamed brown beans and vegetables. soften Served on a banana leat or wrapped up ina banana lea. i tastes great with fried chicken, You shoud ty dont know, fit sp? 5: Yes alle bit but not too much..1 tink you ket i have some. Meteo @) 140.1763 1 Werfest met at uriversiy. We wee ving Inthe same student eience. twas ftw fou bedooms ard we stared ‘chen and ing room, On ou fest might inthe Nat we al got together 0 Cook amen twas fn rd we gt on reall wel fromthe ey besnning We were toying te same subjects she wis studying medine and was thrg Tanguges~ but tat it ater Infact Think it hlped -tmeant wee ak about work alte time! 2 Wefistmet about ve yeas ago. was nwo the town, and | wantedto make tend. ove plying football. and ore daylsuw sgn up at work saying tat they were looting for payers on Monday hight 501 signed up Thee were ato (rest people tere, ane Martin was Often We had atin common: wei Studie the same tings, we worked in thesame field, andlat ear we started a business together m5 2.05 JsJonn A Angela 6 Guest IF where's the bot openet fc isinthe awe on, wer alays put it J: Wal rot hee ro alvay put it back wihen use lta you sway ove smoot Fey you ce You never put anyting back inte ight lace fs Wow cnyou say that Youre the one who hs loses evetng «: Well we shoud go no fF No dog, ut because Ange’ etng rary. Se such an angry person. ce Tanta fore vey even ee Yu, nyu tamer. ss Now see wat youve done! Tt do anting= vas yu. your rather always argues infront of people 00, you're... 1A: Hey Lee! How's Rosie? 1 She's fine saw her the other day and ‘she sald she was doing realy well at University, She told me that she Tiked her classes this term. ‘A: Weat about her boyfriend ~ Pete, sit? ': She sald he was living closer to her now. She also said that her mum and dad still had the book shop and her brother was Working in shoe shop now, As That's ce @) 249.126, 64 1 As {found tis great lip on YouTube las ight, Have you seen i The one about the shark atta? Con yeah t's great, siti realy funny My brother sent me tetnk. Of course, sa fake. Rely? Oh no = though it was eal How was the concert as right? Did a lot of people go? Yeah, was real ful. mean the ‘venue's smal but was ful andthe atmosphere nas ges, Stefan played realy welland everyone seemed to enjoy it 1 Fle to se him next time. Tet you triow when he's on @) 126,924,644 1A Weverein the parcyesterday, and they've gti great proto exibition tou absolutely love The photos are hug - they show al nds scenes of park = realy good Seundsinteresting When eon unt? “A; Next Saturday, | think. You really: Should go ts ust the Kindo hing yeu Realy have to take a 00k Di you se De on TV st ih? Dee? On V7 are you sure? Yeah, on one of those documentaries that Show eal ite stories. 1 What waste dig? bs She was talking abouthe jb. You haveto seit rl make you lah tha no ea! so sory ised fe SOK ison agnin next week e's tor et me make a ot of "realy de want toms et hve yussing tothe concer toigh? = whatconcert fs The one onthe beach ~at sunset You know cow at sume’ Br iva Te stand ae plying You mt. Mim not sure went tonelast ent =its not rely my kind of seal Yousurrise me! Oh wel tok ara to come slong nsteac shellow a UTectee e151: t was, were been became become began | begun bit bitten broke broken brought brought built built bought bought ‘chose chosen came come cost cost dic done Greamt/dreamed —_dreamt/dreamed rank drunk ate eaten fell fallen felt “fete found found few flown forbade ‘forbidden forgot forgotten forgave forgiven | rot got gave given | went gone, been grew gown had had heard heard hig hidden hela hela kept kept knew known learntflearned __learnt/learned lett tet ost make | made | made meet met met pay | paid paid put put ot read fri:d/ | read /red/ read /red/ ride rode ridden Ss rise rose “risen = aS say said | said see saw | seen sell sold sold send sent sent oT set st set “shake shook | shaken show showed | shown “shut | shut shut sing sang sung sit | st ‘ = sleep | slept slept speak | spoke | spoken spend spent | spent stand stood | stood steal stole ‘stolen stick stuck | stuck j swim swam | 7 take took “taken teach taught taught tell told “told a think thought thought throw | threw “thrown understand understood understood | woke | woken | worn mn | zs written Trcker ‘aura Miranda, Mary Todd Mary Todd Rhona Sneling Allen c/o Eye Candy illustration Ltd, Francis Blake c/o Three-in-a-Box Ltd, Phil Hackett c/o Eye Candy llustration Ltd, Matt Latchford c/o Advocate Art Ltd, ‘wilson 3 , Enriquez; S, Padura; M. Mayo; beargryls.com; COMSTOCK; Corbis Images; Doug Savage/Savagechickens.com:; EFE; The Bees/Flickrcom:; Aine O/Flicktcom: rcom; Ampersandsyslexia/Flickr.com; Jonrawlison/ Flickr.com; Seb Ruiz/Flick-com; SALES SPAIN/Photos.com Plus, ; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK/AleStock.com; |. Preyses; JOI0/R, Martine; ISTOCKPHOTO; Princeton edu/-INA; JOHN FOXX IMAGES: Mark Boyle/ Fg; Lego ®; matthewsanford.com; NASA; SEIS X SEIS; Seth Shostak/SET Institute ; Henley/Panos Pictures; Phiggls the Flying Scientist; c. 20thC. Fox/Everett/ ss; Rex Features/Stephen Meddle: NECUPHOTOBANK/Rex Features: Sun Media: “Tamer Nakisci/Studionakisci:com; Alamy: Cortesia de Apple; M. Ortega/) Frias; MATTON= ‘SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD/DigitalVision; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA; Wageningen UR Fields in Southern China, aerial view Sales Spainjialiang Gao like to thank the following reviewers for thelr valuable feedback which has made The possible, We extend our thanks to the many teachers and students not mentioned here. Cecilia Chiacchio, ingrid Subring; (Brazil): Ana Falcao, Viginia Garcia, Patricia Mckay, Philipps, Bia Sousa: (Colombia): Kathleen Canal; (italy): Morgan Cox, Karen Geiger, Sarah Stats; Emma Dominguez, Melisa Ferrin, Lupita Neve, Coral Ibarra Yunez; (Poland): Malgosia Adams, Rosinska: (Spain): Vicki Anderson, Juan Carlos Araujo, Karen Dyer, Gabby Maguire, Meclelland, Karin Rickatson, Almudena Verdugo Valcarce, Andy Walsh; (UK): Cathy Elis, |Smith, Jonathan Stoddart reserved. No part of this book may be reproduce, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in pform or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior in writing from the Publisher. Publisher has made ever effort to trace the owner of copyright material; however, the Publisher wil any involuntary omission atthe earliest opportunity. in spain i: 978-84-668-2077-6 First edition: 2014 ‘DL: M-6050-2014 “© Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacion ‘The Big Picture is a highly visual, easy-to-use, six-level course for adult and young ‘adult learners of English, offering 90 to 120 hours of core classroom material, complemented by a wealth of digital and print resources. Real-life, relevant, international contexts combine with striking images to engage ‘students, while the carefully graded activities give them the opportunities and support they need to express themselves with confidence. ST images and te Pood in every lesson to introduce the topics Student's Book — ‘grammar reference = Communication bank and Writing bank Workbook (with Student’s Audio) = Thorough practice of unit grammar and vocabulary ‘= Skills development pages in every unit = Regular progress tests Teacher's Book = Complete teaching notes, keys and transcripts f= Alternative and extra activites = Ideas for mixed-ability teaching Ree ners Class Audio CDs Deere ee cor 1 Lively recordings with a wide variety of volces So ‘and accents : The Big Picture Learning Platform Bu ees Ree = ee ee ie Ce eed te ree ee re DNR cae Ree oa functional language revision and extension activities 8 ‘allow teachers to monitor their students’ progress, ‘Videos, biogs, games and message boards ‘encourage students to visit regularly Downloadable worksheets offer fun, ready-to-use classroom activities Lesson planner enables the teacher to blend online ‘and coursebook activities to suit their teaching needs : eo 3 The Big Picture Test Generator = Allows teachers to build their own unit, erm and ‘end-of-year tests and exams The Big Picture Digital Book = Acomplete digital version of the course for use on any interactive whiteboard with one-click access: to audio, keys, teaching notes and extra activities ean ee Marae iin 2077
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