PN Junction Diode

Aim
•Study of static and dynamic characteristics
•Calculation of diode resistance
•Study of clipper and clamper circuits
 Apparatus Used
•Semiconductor Diode
•DC and AC voltage source
•Voltmeter, microammeter, nanoammeter
•Oscilloscope and frequency generator
•Resistances and capacitor
PN Junction Diode
 Static Characteristics

Forward Biased Reverse Biased

Static Characteristics
Dynamic Characteristics

DC Dynamic AC Dynamic
Characteristics Characteristics
 Dynamic Characteristics

DC Dynamic Characteristics AC Dynamic Characteristics

 Epeak to ERMS Ratio

Circuit Diagram
 Positive Clipper (Unbiased)
R=0.99 kΩ

Circuit Diagram
Positive Clipper (with bias voltage)
R=0.99 kΩ, VB= 1 V

Circuit Diagram
 Negative Clipper (unbiased)
R=0.99 kΩ

Circuit Diagram
Negative Clipper (with bias voltage)
R=0.99 kΩ, VB= 2 V

Circuit Diagram
Combination Clipper (unbiased)
R=0.99 kΩ

Circuit Diagram
 Combination Clipper (biased)
R=0.99 kΩ, VB1= 2.5 V, VB2= 1
V

Circuit Diagram
 Positive Clamper
C = 1 µF

Circuit Diagram
 Negative Clamper
C = 1 µF

Circuit Diagram
 Results
•Staticand dynamic characteristics of diode were studied.
•Resistance of diode was calculated.

R (kΩ) r (Ω)
DC Source 0.99 47.3
3.56 45
AC Source 0.99 44
3.56 44
 Results
•The ratio of slope of dc characteristics (mdc) and ac characteristics
(mac)was calculated and found to be closed to theoretical value of
(approx. 2.2).

R (kΩ) mdc/mac Error (%)

0.99 2.21 0.5
3.56 2.22 0.1
 Results
•The ratio of Epeak to ERMS and compared with theoretical value(=sqrt2).

R (kΩ) Epeak /ERMS Error (%)

0.99 1.41 0.3
3.56 1.42 0.4
•The clipper and clamper circuits were studied.
Thank You