8.

4 FRICTIONAL FORCES ON SCREWS 41 9

W W

M
F
M/r

u fs R
N
h
u
n

Upward screw motion

r (a)
W

Fig. 8–15 u
R
fs u
n
Self-locking screw (u fs)
(on the verge of rotating downward)
Self-Locking Screw. A screw is said to be self-locking if it remains
(b)
in place under any axial load W when the moment M is removed. For this
W
to occur, the direction of the frictional force must be reversed so that R
acts on the other side of N. Here the angle of static friction fs becomes
greater than or equal to u, Fig. 8–16d. If fs = u, Fig. 8–16b, then R will act
vertically to balance W, and the screw will be on the verge of winding
downward. M¿/ r

Downward Impending Motion, (U + Fs). If the screw is not u

self-locking, it is necessary to apply a moment M to prevent the screw fs 8
R
from winding downward. Here, a horizontal force M >r is required to u
push against the thread to prevent it from sliding down the plane,
Fig. 8–16c. Using the same procedure as before, the magnitude of the n
moment M required to prevent this unwinding is Downward screw motion (u fs)
(c)
M = rW tan (u - fs) (8–4) W

M–/ r
Downward Impending Motion, (Fs + U). If a screw is self-
locking, a couple moment M must be applied to the screw in the opposite
direction to wind the screw downward (fs 7 u). This causes a reverse u
horizontal force M >r that pushes the thread down as indicated in fs
R
Fig. 8–16d. In this case, we obtain u
n
M = rW tan (fs - u) (8–5) Downward screw motion (u f s)
(d)
If motion of the screw occurs, Eqs. 8–3, 8–4, and 8–5 can be applied by
simply replacing fs with fk. Fig. 8–16