Research Thesis Final Ok

“How social media portray political celebrities”
BS Mass Communication 2015-19
University Roll No: 014
Presented by:
M
Supervisor:
M
DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION

GOVT. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE WAHDAT ROAD LHR.
P a g e 1 | 48
How Social media portray political celebrities in negative way
Dedicated to
My Beloved Parents Teachers &
Friends
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DECLARATION
It is to certify that the research work done in this B.S thesis is an original work
carried out under my direct supervision. I, therefore, endorse its worth for the award of
B.S degree in accordance with the prescribed procedure of the university.
Shafayat Malik
Supervisor
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Chapter 1
1. Introduction
Media, Social Media and Political Celebrities
Media are the collective communication outlets or tools that are used to store and
deliver information or data. It is either associated with communication media, or the
specialized communication businesses such as: print media and the press,
photography, advertising, cinema, broadcasting radio and television and publishing.
Social media are computer-mediated tools that allow people to create, share or
exchange information, ideas, and pictures/videos in virtual communities and networks.
Social media is defined as "a group of Internet-based applications that build on the
ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and
exchange of user-generated content. “Furthermore, social media depend on mobile and
web-based technologies to create highly interactive platforms through which individuals
and communities share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content. Social
media operates in a dialogic transmission system, (many sources to many receivers).
This is in contrast to traditional media that operates under a monological transmission
model (one source to many receivers).Facebook. Twitter. LinkedIn. MySpace. YouTube.
Flickr. Wikipedia. These are all social networking sites – and they’re all part of what is
now known as social media.
A Politician, political leader, or political figure is a person who is involved in influencing

public policy and decision making. This includes people who hold decision-making
positions in government, and people who seek those positions, whether by means of
election, or other means. They create and or propose laws that further the general
interest of the public. Politics is not limited to governance through public office. Political
offices may also be held in corporations.
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1.2 Objectives of the study
The objectives of this study were
 To analyze the importance of social media

 To investigate the content used by social media for Political celebrities
 To understand the portrayal of Political celebrities on social media
 To fine out reasons how social media portray Political celebrities in negative way
1.3 Hypothesis
Social Media Portray Political celebrities in Negative way
1.4 Research Questions
Q1: Why Political celebrities use social media for their portrayal?
Q2: What Profession and consequence of social media?
Q3: Whether it is obvious that social media portrayal Political celebrities in negative
way?
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CHAPTER 2
Literature Review
The purpose behind the literature review is to know that what type of research
have been conducted in the concern area and what has been the result of previous
studies. Literature review not only allows the researcher learning margin from the prior
studies but also save time, effort and money.
Literature provides assistance to the researcher in enhancing their knowledge

about the specific area of interest of the researcher. Review of the previous conducted
studies helps the researcher to find out the new dimensions for research work and after
reviewing the previous literature researcher also come to know that what the loopholes
are and neglected areas in the previous studies which have done on the concern
issues.
Himanshu Rajput (2014) with the proliferation of internet into masses, social media
is emerging as a potential way of communication. It provide direct channel to politicians
for communicating, connecting and engaging with public. The power of social media,
especially Twitter and Facebook has been proved by its successful application during
recent US presidential elections and Arabian countries’ revolts. In India too, as the
general election are about to knock at the door during early 2014, political parties and
leaders are trying to harness the power of social media. This paper critically examines
the recent happenings of Indian political world only on the microblogging site, Twitter.
Further it discusses the twitter activities of Indian politicians against the politicians all
over the world. For this study, only the verified Twitter accounts were considered and
the relevant figures are valid on the date mentioned.
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Anne Schneidera and Helen Ingrama (2013) we argue that the social construction
of target populations is an important, albeit overlooked, political phenomenon that
should take its place in the study of public policy by political scientists. The theory
contends that social constructions influence the policy agenda and the selection of
policy tools, as well as the rationales that legitimate policy choices. Constructions
become embedded in policy as messages that are absorbed by citizens and affect their
orientations and participation. The theory is important because it helps explain why
some groups are advantaged more than others independently of traditional notions of
political power and how policy designs reinforce or alter such advantages. An
understanding of social constructions of target populations augments conventional
hypotheses about the dynamics of policy change, the determination of beneficiaries and
losers, the reasons for differing levels and types of participation among target groups,
and the role of policy in democracy.
W. Lance Bennett (2012) this article proposes a framework for understanding

large-scale individualized collective action that is often coordinated through digital
media technologies. Social fragmentation and the decline of group loyalties have given
rise to an era of personalized politics in which individually expressive personal action
frames displace collective action frames in many protest causes. This trend can be
spotted in the rise of large-scale, rapidly forming political participation aimed at a variety
of targets, ranging from parties and candidates, to corporations, brands, and
transnational organizations. The group-based “identity politics” of the “new social
movements” that arose after the 1960s still exist, but the recent period has seen more
diverse mobilizations in which individuals are mobilized around personal lifestyle values
to engage with multiple causes such as economic justice (fair trade, inequality, and
development policies), environmental protection, and worker and human rights.
NoaAharony (2012) this study aims to understand how three political leaders – the
Prime Minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu; the Prime Minister of Britain, David
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Cameron; and the President of the United States of America, Barack Obama –
communicate through Twitter. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents an
analysis of tweets produced between August and October 2010 by three political
leaders, using statistical descriptive analysis and content analysis. Findings – The
research shows that the US President tweets more than the other leaders, with the
British Prime Minister tweeting the least, and that all three leaders use twitter for both
transparency and outreach. Originality/value – As Twitter has become widespread over
the last few years, and several studies have focused on Twitter and its impact on
different sectors in our society, it is interesting to focus on political leaders' use of
Twitter.
Homero Gil de Zúñiga1, Nakwon Jung2 andSebastián Valenzuela (2012)

recently, scholars tested how digital media use for informational purposes similarly
contributes to foster democratic processes and the creation of social capital.
Nevertheless, in the context of today's socially-networked-society and the rise of social
media applications (i.e., Facebook) new perspectives need to be considered. Based on
U.S. national data, results show that after controlling for demographic variables,
traditional media use offline and online, political constructs (knowledge and efficacy),
and frequency and size of political discussion networks, seeking information via social
network sites is a positive and significant predictor of people's social capital and civic
and political participatory behaviors, online and offline.
EszterHargittaiWhat (2011) motivates young adults to start using the popular

microblogging site Twitter? Can we identify any systematic patterns of adoption or is
use of the service randomly distributed among internet users of this demographic?
Drawing on unique longitudinal data surveying 505 diverse young American adults
about their internet uses at two points in time (2009, 2010), this article looks at what
explains the uptake of Twitter during the year when the site saw considerable increase
in use. We find that African Americans are more likely to use the service as are those
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with higher internet skills. Results also suggest that interest in celebrity and
entertainment news is a significant predictor of Twitter use mediating the effect of race
among a diverse group of young adults. In contrast, interest in local and national news,
international news, and politics shows no relationship to twitter adoption in this
population segment.
Ashraf M. Attiaa,Nergis Aziz, Barry Friedmana, Mahdy F. Elhusseinyc, (2011)

Social networking is a new driving force that has a significant global impact on political
change. Few research studies have been published on the impact of social networking
related to political change. This commentary discusses the impacts of social networking
tools on the recent political changes in the eighteen-day Egyptian “Revolution 2.0” of
2011. We discuss a number of factors related to social networking that predisposed the
people of Egypt to rise up in a revolt that stunned many observers, given its speed and
dramatic outcome. Social network-related factors appear to have had a positive impact
on Egyptians’ attitudes toward social change, which, in turn, supported their individual
and aggregate behavior, leading to the revolution.
Komal H. Parikh (2008) Barack Obama’s use of social media in his 2008
Presidential Campaign has been widelyac claimed and written about. Simultaneously,
Obama’s ability to mobilize American youth not only energized his campaign, but
ultimately became his strongest voting segment. This study aimed to explore how youth
voters used social media to build a non-traditional voter-politician relationship with
Barack Obama, how political fandom manifested itself during the campaign, and what
this new, mediated relationship between politicians and voters could imply for the future
of politics. The study drew primarily from Henry Jenkins discussion on fandom as well
as Liesbet van Zoonen’s research on the convergence ofEntertainment and politics.
Eight qualitative interviews were conducted with American youth who voted
forBarackObama in the 2008 election. Most respondents revealed that a candidate’s
persona—including his charisma, character, ability to communicate and values—was
one of theimportant factors in their voting decision. Respondents consistently used
social media platforms such as blogs, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to form an
overall understanding of candidates, express personal opinions, display allegiance and
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actively support the campaign. Based on the information gleaned from the interviews,
respondent’s behavior and attitude towards Obama aligned with Jenkins’ (1992) five
levels of fandom. Furthermore, respondents openly claimed to be fans of Obama during
the campaign. The study revealed that similar to how fan communities use social media
to follow and Participate in discussion around sports, television programs, film, and
celebrities, political fan communities are using social media in the same capacity. Social
media has allowed for greater transparency in the relationship between voters and
politicians.
Anita Harris (2008) new technologies are often perceived as important resources
in attracting young people to formal politics, but less is known about how young people
use them to create participatory practice on their own terms. This article examines
young women's less conventional technology-enabled political and social activity in
order to understand how these are operating as emergent modes of participation in a
new political environment. It explores young women's use of online DIY culture, blogs,
social networking sites and related technologies to open up questions about what
counts as politics, and what is possible as politics for young people, and young women
in particular, at the present moment. It suggests that these activities represent new
directions in activism, the construction of new participatory communities, and the
development of new kinds of public selves, while also telling us important things about
the limits of the kinds of conventional citizen subject positions offered to young women
at this time.
Ravi B. K. VasundaraPriya (n.d) Social Media is the way the world communicates
in the 21st century. Today the idea of social media is radically different from that a
decade ago. Today Facebook and Twitter are more a way of communication than the
word of mouth. India being the largest democracy in the world voted recently for one of
the biggest battles of power i.e. the LokSabha Elections 2014. The most important
distinction of this election is that over 65% of the electorate is between the ages of 18 to
35. This is also considered the age group that uses social media the most. With 205
million internet users and over 85% of web users browsing on Social Networking sites
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this elections saw all political parties in India attempting to woo its voters through the
social media. Indian politicians are amateurs on social media and their presence is
unimpressive hence this elections saw a beeline of campaigns and tie ups with
agencies. For the first time in the History of Politics in India New Media was used
massively for dissemination of Information on candidates, parties, agendas etc.
alongside traditional ones. The Political mandate was very clear in every politician’s
mind which was reaching out to the maximum number of potential voters and what
better way to do it is through “Social Media”. Therefore does Social media campaigns
actually woo its voters to ultimately garner more votes is the larger question hencethe
significance of the study is to analyze the co relation that exists between social media
campaigns and voting behavior of its audience? In this LokSabha election did social
media play a role in bringing its young voters to vote for its candidates? And also to
measure the impact these strategies have had on the youth in the Country. The
methodology employed for this study would be the Case study method in order to
understand the various social media campaigns and strategies used along with a survey
to study the impact it has had on youth in Bangalore city to draw certain Inferences to
the study. The survey being
Julia Caplan (n.d)With social media recently evolving as a platform for social,
informational, and political exchanges, it comes as no surprise that in the last few years
several politicians have integrated Twitter into their campaigns. The goal of this study
was to gain insight into how Republican Congressman Scott Rigell and Democratic
candidate Paul Hirschbiel—candidates in the 2nd Congressional District of Virginia—
cultivated Twitter to attract voters in the 2012 election. A content analysis of the
characteristics and tactical strategies of these Twitter posts revealed that the two
congressional candidates primarily used Twitter to post information and tweet about
their current activity. It was also found that Rigell posted more direct communication
tweets— internal and external—than Hirschbiel, while Hirschbiel used personal
messages to attract followers. The tactical strategies employed by Rigell and Hirschbiel
were determined to be calculated methods by which the candidates hoped to motivate
citizens, activate voters and differentiate themselves from their competitor.
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Christine B. Williams (2006)Girish J. ‘Jeff’ Gulati (2008) This study examines the
early adoption and dissemination of emerging technology tools in campaigns by
analyzing which candidates were the most likely to adopt and use Facebook in the 2006
and 2008 elections to the US House of Representatives. The research hypotheses draw
primarily from the diffusion of innovation literature. Our analysis of 802 candidates in
2006 and 816 candidates in 2008 indicates that Facebook adoption diffused rapidly
between 2006 and 2008, with party (Democrats), competition, money and the level of
education in the district explaining both adoption and implementation. Challengers and
candidates for open seats were more likely to be early adopters, but incumbents used
Facebook more extensively. Both higher adoption rates by peers or competitors in the
candidate’s own state and a propensity to adopt earlier campaign technologies are
strong positive motivators for early adoption, but irrelevant to usage.
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CHAPTER 3
Methodology
Methodology is system of clear rules, regulations and procedures upon which a

researcher is dependent and against which claims for research work explained.
The objective of the present research is to analyze Social Media Portray Political
celebrities in Negative way. The researchers have used the purposive method upon the
nature of study. The quantitative research helps the researcher to present the data in
number and exploring phenomenon of behavioral change among the audience. To
conduct the research work, the researchers have designed the hypothesis and for data
collection.
3.1 Variables
A variable is a phenomenon that can be manipulated or measured. Variables can

be categorized in terms of their relationship with one another.
In the present study researcher has used content analysis method to analyze Social
media portray political celebrities in negative way? Here are we have discussed two
kinds of variables.
3.1 Independent Variables
Independent variable is a variable that is systematically varied by the researcher.

In present study social media is the independent variable that affect the dependent
variable.
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3.2 Dependent Variables
The variable that is observed and whose value is presumed to depend on the
effect of the independent variables is called dependent variables. In the present study
portray political celebrities in negative way is dependent variable.
3.3 Operationalization and Conceptualization
“Conceptualization and Operationalization of variables in a hypothesis are significant

part of the research work”.
For present study, researcher has gone through the process of conceptualization and
operationalization of the important key words which have been used by the researchers
in the title, objectives and hypothesis of the study.
Media
Researcher’s own meaning of the topic media is a tool that is use to share
information, ideas and convey message to masses.
Conceptualization is the dictionary meaning of the research topic like The word media
comes from the Latin plural of medium The word media is also increasingly used in the
plural form medias, as if it had a conventional singular form media, especially when
referring to different forms of new media, and in the sense ‘the material or form used by
an artist
Social media
Research’s meaning of the topic Social media are computer-mediated tools that
allow people to create, share or exchange information, ideas, and pictures/videos in
virtual communities and networks
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Conceptualization is the dictionary meaning of the research topic like Websites and
applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social
networking.
Political
Researcher’s own meaning of the topic like a politician, political leader, is a person who
is involved in influencing public policy and decision making. This includes people who
hold decision-making positions in government, whether by means of election, other
means.
Conceptualization is the dictionary meaning of the research topic like a seeker or holder
of public office, who is more concerned about winning favor or retaining power than
about maintaining principles.
Celebrity
Research’s meaning of the topic like Celebrity a famous person of any field
Conceptualization is the dictionary meaning of the research topic like Celebrity a

famous person, especially in entertainment or sport or other field the state of being well
known
3.4 Research design
The objective of the research study is to analyze Social media portray political
celebrities in negative way. Due the nature of the study the researchers have use
content analysis.
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3.5 Universe and population
3.5.1 Universe of content analysis
For conducting the content analysis, the universe for the present research study was
Social media.
3.5.2 Population of content analysis
The population of the study for the content analysis was different websites, Facebook,
3.6 Sampling
To conduct the present study researcher selected sampling method for the better
results of the current research.
3.7 Convenience Sampling
For the present research work researcher use Convenience sampling to conduct
the research.
Convenience sampling is probably the most common of all sampling techniques. With
convenience sampling, the samples are selected because they are accessible to the
researcher Researchers collected different samples of data and use content analysis for
data collection method.
3.8 Data collection method
For data collection method researchers selected content analysis for data
collection method.
3.9 Content analysis
Present study use content analysis for data collection method.
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Imran Khan
Imran Khan Niazi better known as Imran Khan is a Pakistani politician, former
cricketer, philanthropist, cricket commentator and former chancellor of the University of
Bradford.
In 1996, Khan founded a political party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) supported

General Pervez Musharraf's military coup in 1999. On 30 October 2011, Khan
addressed more than 100,000 supporters in Lahore, challenging the policies of the
government, calling that new change a "tsunami" against the ruling parties, Another
successful public gathering of hundreds of thousands of supporters was held in Karachi
on 25 December 2011.On 6 October 2012, Khan joined a vehicle caravan of protesters
from Islamabad to the village of Kotai in Pakistan's South Waziristan region against U.S.
drone missile strikes. On 23 March 2013, Khan introduced the "Naya Pakistan
Resolution" (New Pakistan) at the start of his election campaign
Nawaz Sharif
Nawaz Sharif was born in Lahore, Punjab on 25 December 1949. Nawaz Sharif
is the 18th and current Prime Minister of Pakistan in office since June 2013. A veteran
politician and industrialist, he previously served as Prime Minister from November 1990
to July 1993 and from February 1997 to October 1999. Sharif is the president of
Pakistan Muslim League (N), which is currently Pakistan's largest political party, and
has formed the government
Nawaz Sharif entered politics in the 1980s when in the general elections of 1985, he
won with an overwhelming majority, both in the National and Provincial Assemblies. On
9 April 1985, he was sworn-in as Chief Minister of Punjab. On 31 May 1988, he was
appointed caretaker Chief Minister, after the dismissal of Assemblies by General Zia.
Nawaz Sharif was again elected as Chief Minister after the 1988 general elections
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Asif Ali Zardari
Asif Ali Zardari is a Pakistani politician and current co-chairperson of Pakistan

People's Party. He served as the 11th President of Pakistan from 2008 to 2013.Zardari
was widely criticized for involvement in corruption scandals that led to its collapse. As
the new Co-Chairman of the PPP, he led his party to victory in the 2008 general
elections. He spearheaded a coalition that forced military ruler Pervez Musharraf to
resign, and was elected President on 6 September 2008. He was acquitted of various
criminal charges the same year.As president, Zardari remained a strong U.S. ally in the
war in Afghanistan, despite prevalent public disapproval of the United States following
the Raymond Davis incident and the Nato attack in Salala in 2011
Chairman PTI Imran Khan strongly Condemn Multan bomb Blast.
Shah Mehmood Qureshi visited Nishtar Hospital to enquire about injured.
~Ali~
Common PMLN show some spirit, don’t act like dictators. These acts will not
save AyazSadiq from defeat in NA122.
Chairman PTI Imran Khan strongly Condemn Multan bomb Blast.
Shah Mehmood Qureshi visited Nishtar Hospital to enquire about injured.
A 2 year review on PML-N's performance:
- Rs. 87 billion lost in nandipur plant

- Quaid-e-Azam solar plant limited to 10 MW's even after investment of Rs. 10 billion
- Farmers, Teachers, Doctors, and Traders all took to the streets
- Model town, Islamabad, and Faisalabad resulted in innocent protestors being brutally
murdered
- No action from the PM over the aggression from neighboring countries
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- Debt on Pakistani's at historical high

- Biggest incident of child abuse in Kasur, where PML-N's MPA was directly involved but
no action taken to date
- Claims of bringing Zardari's money back to Pakistan but partnership with the same
man at the first sign of danger to own politics
The historic verdict of re-poll in NA 122 is not only a vindication of the stance
of PTI of a rigged GE in 2013 but has also put Pakistan on the path of free, fair, and
transparent elections in the future. The leadership, workers and supporters of PTI have
achieved this revolutionary feat through faith, hard work and tremendous sacrifices, but
our work is not done as yet.
We have to continue to fight and persevere. We must stand together as one unit under
the leadership of our chairman Imran Khan to win this redpoll. Not just for one seat but
to prove our commitment to our ideology as well as to give a renewed hope to
thousands and thousands of downtrodden Pakistanis who are looking at PTI to stand for
them.
When any governance starts with rigging and corruption, there is no way it can
continue and deliver for the people. Such rulers have no moral authority and only end
up make deals upon deal to preserve what they know is falsely acquired. NA-122 and
NA-154 by-elections is our chance to ensure we take the power back to where it
belongs - the common Pakistan. INASHALLAH this will be a giant step towards the
vision of a Naya Pakistan
25th Dec, 2011: "INASHALLAH when we come into power, even if Imran Khan is
speeding on the road, he shall be dealt with accordingly" Imran Khan
9th Sept, 2015: PTI's MPA ticketed for driving fast in KP
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Just because they hang out doesn't mean they don't care about there future. Let
them grow, let them learn and no one has ever learned how to live from a book, they
have learned from there mistakes, let them make mistakes so that they can learn.
Chairman Imran Khan speaks on Our Quaid e Azam; the man whose vision for
Pakistan forms the basis of PTI's ideology and manifesto. IK here quotes the famous
words of Jinnah when asked why he gave up a comfortable, lavish life as a barrister in
England, to come back and join the world of politics once again after leaving it dejected;
in the 1938 election, he won only one seat. When asked why he came back, he replied
"When I die, and stand in front of my God I just want to hear from Him....Well done
Mr.Jinnah, you have done your best".
Imran Khan's government is making improvements in areas that are building the
foundation of this nation. From the establishment of this country up until now, Imran
Khan is among the five most notable people who have done something significant for
Pakistan" NaeemBukhari
Never give up on your dreams" is a lesson that Imran Khan has always taught
us. What's best is that anyone who knows Imran Khan knows that he never ever gives
up on his dreams and goals; from his dream to becoming a fast bowler, to becoming
one of the best all rounders in the world, to winning the World Cup, to realizing the
dream of ShaukatKhanum when even the most experienced people said it was
impossible, to making Namal possible in a remote area of Pakistan where conservative
families trust the institution enough to send their daughters, and to the everyday
changes we see as KP transforms; it's been one man's dream and vision that has led us
to these achievements, and we should be proud that we are his team. His team that
with faith, resilience and a never give up attitude has come this far. there really can't be
more endorsement of the fact that we should always stand for the cause we believe in,
take the path less trodden upon if we are in the right. It is easy to give up. In this race
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today, our ultimate goal is a Naya Pakistan; stay united, and refuse to give up like
Kaptaan.
You do not let the fear of death come in the way of what you believe is your
mission in life - Imran Khan Sb
PMLN K Supporters HameshaGandiGhaleezBaten Hen Kio Kerte Hen??? Is

Video KoLazmiDekyeWajahJanene K Lye... Kia Inkay Leader He
NaheInkoEsaKerneKaDarsDete Hen????? AN EYE OPENER FOR PMLN
SUPPORTERS!!!
Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif travelling with only 11 officials to attend
70th session of the UN General Assembly. Media quoting Wrong no. Media wrongly
quoting that 75 people flew to UK with PM. He never takes a big delegation on foreign
trips only 11 people on 12 seater plane.
The 20-point National Action Plan on counter-terrorism was announced by Prime

Minister Nawaz Sharif in a televised address to the nation late Wednesday night
following a day-long meeting of the heads of all parliamentary parties at the PM House.
Some key-stats from the Punjab Budget 2015-16.
Special attention paid to the uplift of education, health, rural areas, infrastructure and
social sector.
Shehbaz Sharif ApnaGhar Scheme for those citizens having financial constraints
to afford their own homes!
Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif inquiring about the health of injured if
badaber incident at CMH Peshawar.
PTI has evolved as a party of vultures, which initiates it's future strategies on dead
bodies to gain sympathy vote.
Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif saluting the matyrs of Badabher

incident after funeral prayers in Peshawar.
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PML(N) leader Maryam Nawaz Sharif pays tribute to brave Captain Asfandyar
(Shaheed) who laid his fighting terrorists today.
aikthateetar, AikThaBater... LotayJamakernaymeinthaydononSher... Aikkaylotayjassi,

doosraykay pass multanimattikadher.
PuranayLotayNaiKursiaanDekh Kay Kaboo Mein Na RehSakay.

KursionKoKhiraj-e-TehsinPonchanyNaMaloomMakam Per Lay.
Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif has strongly condemned the burning of
the child in Karachi
Prime Minister has directed the concerned authorities to bring the criminals to justice as
aoon as possible.
Pakistan Super League is the beginning of a new cricket era in the country!
Entertainment industry and sports coming together for the first time on this large scale:
Maryam Nawaz Sharif.
Asif Ali Zardari.
Those provoking us must understand that if I stand up then not onlySindh but every
town from Khyber to Karachi would be shut: Former President Asif Ali Zardari.
Pakistani to American: What do you guys do with thieves?

American: We treat them humanely and give them nice food, warm clothes and long
jury trials
Pakistani: That’s nothing. We give them the presidency.
Tribute To PPP and PML N on their excellent performance in last 05 years.
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Former President Asif Ali Zardari has expressed concern over the use of force
against demonstrators in Srinagar and the arrest of Kashmirileaders. He said this when
PM AJK Ch. Majid and Finance Minister Latif Akbar Friday evening called on him in
Bilawal House Karachi.
Zardari stated that hospital managements should mark some special wards with
required facilities for heatstroke patients till the heat spell lasts.
He stressed that best possible medical facilities should be arranged in all the
government hospitals to mitigate the sufferings of patients.
PPP leaders inaugurated BibiAseefa Government Degree Girls College

MuzaffarabadLandhi, Karachi.
.Dr. TanveerZamani strongly condemned attack on polio workers inMardan district

of KP Pakistan.
Bibi hum sharmindahain, tereyqatilzindahain.
Minister for religious affairs hamidkazmi meets zardari to give him shares from
hajj corruption. Zardari showed his confidance and trust on his performance in making
money!!
Pakistan has progressed from no 42 to 34 in the list of most corrupt countries.

We will achieve the destination of becoming no 1 next year in the leadership of
mrZardari!!
Join my page to help me in making Pakistan Most Corrupt Country in The

world....
The post office released a stamp with Zardari's face to mark his presidency. Now
people don't know which side of the stamp to spit on.
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Former President Asif Ali Zardari and Chairman PPP Bilawal Bhutto Zardari
personally condole with Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Ruler of Dubai on
the sad demise of his son Sheikh Rashid bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.
Chairman @BBhuttoZardari gets ‘Rakhi’ from Indian woman for speaking against
intolerance. PPP
The world has observed a tremendous downward trend in the General Price
Level of "OIL" which is marked from its highest from $104 a barrel in July, 2014 to $47
in January, 2015. PLEASE indicate, as if the Present Regime i.e. PML(N) is successful
in translating "The Benefit" to the People of Pakistan in real terms.
Those provoking us must understand that if I stand up then not onlySindh but
every town from Khyber to Karachi would be shut: Former President Asif Ali Zardari
Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, Chairman Pakistan People’s Party visited the Civil
Hospital, Karachi this evening to personally inquire about the conditions of heatstroke
victims. Bilawal Bhutto
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CHAPTER 4
Data Interpretation
It is the graphical representation of data
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25 Column2
20 Column1
15 Series 1
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0
Category 1
Category 2
category 3
Fig 1.1 Show the bar chart of Facebook Page like of Political celebrities in
Million (Category 1 for Imran khan & Category 2 for Nawaz Sharif & Category 3
for Asif aliZardari)
24
25
20
15
Column2
10 Column1
Series 1
5
0
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Fig 1.2 Show the bar chart of Imran khan Share Word (Category 1 for Positive
& Category 2 for Negative & Category 3 Neutral)
25
25
20
15
Column2
10 Column1
Series 1
5
0
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Fig 1.2 Show the bar chart of Nawaz Sharif Share Word (Category 1 for
Positive & Category 2 for Negative & Category 3 Neutral)
26
25
20
15
Column2
10 Column1
Series 1
5
0
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Fig 1.2 Show the bar chart of Asif Ali ZardariShare Word (Category 1 for
Positive & Category 2 for Negative & Category 3 Neutral)
27
CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Today, in this advance world of information technology we are very much

interconnected with the world around. Text messages, emails, Facebook, twitter, blog
spheres and other social media tools have replaced traditional media, like Radio, Print
and Television.
Internet has been perhaps most outstanding innovation in the field of communication
and research, today a big chunk of world population uses the internet for multi
purposes, Internet World Stats (IWS) estimated that there are around 2,267,233,742
internet users in the world which is 32.7% of total world population. While a regional
breakup suggest that 44.8% of total internet users are Asians. Interestingly, among
World’s top 20 internet user states, China stands at number first, India at third and
Pakistan at twentieth. According to the study, In December 2011 Pakistan’s total
population was population approximately 180 million out of which around 30 million
used internet, which count 15.5 % of total population of Pakistan. Facebook is the most
visited Internet site in Pakistan. Pakistan is at 26th in world Facebook users ranking;
currently there are more than 6 million Facebook users in Pakistan. 51 per cent of 6
million Facebook users from Pakistan belong to 18-24 years of age group.
Social media has become the most powerful source of news updates through platforms
such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Pinterest, Blogger, Myspace, Linkedin and many
others. Social media has become an important resource for the mobilization of collective
action and the creation, organization and implementation of social movements around
the world. It has been instrumental in supporting political and social movements by
providing opportunities for political expression, symbolic identification for collective
action, and information exchange.
Social Media has rapidly grown in importance as a forum for political activism in its
different forms. Social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube
28
provide new ways to stimulate citizen engagement in political life, where elections and
electoral campaigns have a central role.
Personal communication via social media brings politicians and parties closer to
their potential voters. It allows politicians to communicate faster and reach citizens in a
more targeted manner and vice versa, without the intermediate role of mass media.
Reactions, feedback, conversations and debates are generated online as well as
support and participation for offline events. Messages posted to personal networks are
multiplied when shared, which allow new audiences to be reached.
Although the presence of social media is spreading and media use patterns are
changing, online political engagement is largely restricted to people already active in
politics and on the Internet. Other audiences are less responsive. For example,
television news together with print and online newspapers are still the most important
sources of political information in most EU Member States.
Social media has reshaped structures and methods of contemporary political

communication by influencing the way politicians interact with citizens and each other.
However, the role of this phenomenon in increasing political engagement and electoral
participation is neither clear nor simple.
From a political perspective, social media forums are used in Pakistan by political
parties to strengthen their vote bank. The idea is to target a young population aged 18-
24 who have never cast votes in any elections to vote for their party in the upcoming
elections in 2013 in Pakistan. This is in perspective of the fact that the World Population
Foundation (WPF) reports that 34 percent of the Pakistani population comprises of
youth (age 15-24 years). The exploration and exploitation of potential political
opportunities is being realized by political parties using the social media networks.
Following the PTI, the PPP, PML-N, and most other political parties have started
using the social media as an effective tool for getting prospective voters on board.
These pages are very actively updated and monitored. There are number of resources
29
that suggest that most of the main political parties have taken to task to get ahead of the
PTI, who they fear might decrease their vote bank, at least in the urban areas.
The Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf (PTI) was one of the first parties to launch
themselves on social media and specifically Facebook. PTI chief, Imran Khan
capitalised on Facebook and YouTube to launch his political career and promote
himself as a leader. Imran Khan’s popularity has increased manifold because of social
media and how he has been able to convey his viewpoint and party agenda effectively
via the social media.
Politicians too have their individual accounts. Imran Khan, , Asif alizardari ,
Nawaz Sharif Sharif, PervizMusharaf and others have big fan followers on social
forums. This shows their interest to defend their party and engage with people via social
media. However; Imran Khan and his Pakistan Tahreek e Insaf (PTI) is using social
media more effectively and strategically than others. Diplomatic channels and Diplomats
are not behind in this race; they are actively engaged with their fan followers on social
media forums. It will be no wrong to claim that these forums are playing very effective
and constructive role in our society and in the politics of the country. According to the
reports 50 per cent of the registered voters are between eighteen to thirty five years of
age, political parties cannot ignore the fact that this segment of population uses the
internet and social networks the most. Social media is challenging the traditional
political patterns and it is introducing the new political paradigms. Our political parties
have to own and adopt these new practices because social networks will definitely
make some differences in future elections, and those who will ignore it, may lose.
Online search about the Facebook account of different political parties and
political personalities present the following data. There were two major categories of the
data which depict the best results of Facebook usage by public and political parties.
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) was stand at top having “Likes” 45, 99,895and 4608149
“Talking about this” among the other three major political parties. In second number
Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML N) has 122,758 friend which “Likes” and 140984
were “Talking about this”. In third number Pakistan People Party (PPP) has 11,
4320liked on Facebook page
30
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
It will be no wrong to claim that Facebook as a social media forum is playing very
effective and constructive role in our society as well as in the politics of the country. In
Pakistan where youth is 70% of population, political parties cannot ignore the fact that
this segment of population uses the internet and social networks the most. Social media
is challenging the traditional politicalpatterns and it is introducing the new political
paradigms.
Our political parties have to own and adopt these new practices because social
networks will definitely make some differences in future elections, and those who will
ignore it, may lose. Social media constitute an important forum for communication in
Pakistan. They serve as a disseminator of information, an organizer of protest, a tool of
humanitarianism, an advocate for social cause, Facebook very actively than others
political parties.
When researcher tries to find out the fans of political personalities it is concluded
that Imran Khan and Nawaz Sharif and Asif Ali Zardari are utilizing Facebook as a
political tool. With political groups in Pakistan using the internet to appeal to other media
outlets and constituents for over a decade, the major political parties are now using
social networking sites to transmit information through political forums and Facebook.
Pakistani politicians are aware of tapping on the social utilities in the general election
set down for 2013.
31
Reference
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David j. Jackson Thomas I:A. darrow (2005) “political fandom in the age of social media:
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“retrieved on 14-05-2014
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eId=S0003055400099962
33
APPENDIX
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Imran khan
Sr.No Positive Negative Neutral

1 Protestors Lost Ideology
2 Some spirit Brutally

murdered
3 Save Aggression
4 Strongly Condemn Child abuse
5 Enquireaboutinjured. Danger
6 Verdict of re-poll Bomb Blast
7 Vindication Defeat
8 Revolutionary feat Lost
9 Faith Rigged
10 Persevere Fight
11 Renewed hope Rigging
13 Moral authority Corruption
42
14 Naya Pakistan Mistakes
15 Come into power
16 Making
improvements
17 Significant
18 Taught
19 Success
20 Foundation
21 Manifesto
22
43
Nawaz Sharif

1 Counter-terrorism KeecharUchala
2 Asliat GandiGhaleezBaten
3 National Action Financial

Plan constraints
4 Uplift Dhandli
5 Special attention KHOTA MIND

paid
6 Education Inquiring
7 Health Injured
8 Afford Criminals
9 khaufShaheeno Vultures
10 Entertainment Dead bodies

industry
11 Strongly Sympathy vote

condemned
12 concerned Incident
44
authorities
13 Saluting martyrs Terrorists
14 Pays tribute Incident
15 brave Captain
45
Asif Ali Zardari

1 Humanely Drown Religious
2 Jury trials Injustice
3 Presidency Injustice
4 Tribute Shameful
5 Excellent Hajj corruption

performance
6 Special wards Murdered
7 Facilities Making money
8 Stressed Corrupt countries
9 To mitigate Dollar khappay
10 Inaugurated Rupiya vi Khappy
11 Strongly Bad man

condemned
46
12 Performance Demise
13 Achieve Dog
14 Destination Heatstroke
15 Tremendous Be shut
downward trend
47

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“How social media portray political celebrities”

BS Mass Communication 2015-19

University Roll No: 014

DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION

B.S degree in accordance with the prescribed procedure of the university.

Media, Social Media and Political Celebrities

A Politician, political leader, or political figure is a person who is involved in influencing

1.2 Objectives of the study

The objectives of this study were

 To analyze the importance of social media

Social Media Portray Political celebrities in Negative way

1.4 Research Questions

Literature provides assistance to the researcher in enhancing their knowledge

W. Lance Bennett (2012) this article proposes a framework for understanding

Homero Gil de Zúñiga1, Nakwon Jung2 andSebastián Valenzuela (2012)

EszterHargittaiWhat (2011) motivates young adults to start using the popular

Ashraf M. Attiaa,Nergis Aziz, Barry Friedmana, Mahdy F. Elhusseinyc, (2011)

Methodology is system of clear rules, regulations and procedures upon which a

A variable is a phenomenon that can be manipulated or measured. Variables can

3.1 Independent Variables

Independent variable is a variable that is systematically varied by the researcher.

3.2 Dependent Variables

3.3 Operationalization and Conceptualization

“Conceptualization and Operationalization of variables in a hypothesis are significant

Conceptualization is the dictionary meaning of the research topic like Celebrity a

3.4 Research design

3.5 Universe and population

3.5.1 Universe of content analysis

3.5.2 Population of content analysis

3.7 Convenience Sampling

3.8 Data collection method

3.9 Content analysis

Present study use content analysis for data collection method.

In 1996, Khan founded a political party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) supported

Asif Ali Zardari

Asif Ali Zardari is a Pakistani politician and current co-chairperson of Pakistan

Chairman PTI Imran Khan strongly Condemn Multan bomb Blast.

Shah Mehmood Qureshi visited Nishtar Hospital to enquire about injured.

Chairman PTI Imran Khan strongly Condemn Multan bomb Blast.

Shah Mehmood Qureshi visited Nishtar Hospital to enquire about injured.

A 2 year review on PML-N's performance:

- Rs. 87 billion lost in nandipur plant

- Debt on Pakistani's at historical high

9th Sept, 2015: PTI's MPA ticketed for driving fast in KP

PMLN K Supporters HameshaGandiGhaleezBaten Hen Kio Kerte Hen??? Is

The 20-point National Action Plan on counter-terrorism was announced by Prime

Some key-stats from the Punjab Budget 2015-16.

Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif saluting the matyrs of Badabher

aikthateetar, AikThaBater... LotayJamakernaymeinthaydononSher... Aikkaylotayjassi,

PuranayLotayNaiKursiaanDekh Kay Kaboo Mein Na RehSakay.

Asif Ali Zardari.

Pakistani to American: What do you guys do with thieves?

Tribute To PPP and PML N on their excellent performance in last 05 years.

PPP leaders inaugurated BibiAseefa Government Degree Girls College

.Dr. TanveerZamani strongly condemned attack on polio workers inMardan district

Bibi hum sharmindahain, tereyqatilzindahain.

Pakistan has progressed from no 42 to 34 in the list of most corrupt countries.

Join my page to help me in making Pakistan Most Corrupt Country in The

It is the graphical representation of data

DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Today, in this advance world of information technology we are very much

Social media has reshaped structures and methods of contemporary political

Himanshu Rajput(2014)” Asian journal of multidisciplinary studies “journal of