DONTs in FREEDOM OF SPEECH

Fabricate information

Promote discrimination or hatred

Violate one’s right to privacy

ARGUMENTS WINS

One that genuinely serves all of society’s interests.

UNDERSTANDING + RESPECT = PEACE

CRITICAL THINKING

“Critical thinking is a desire to seek, patience to doubt, fondness to meditate, slowness to assert,
readiness to consider, carefulness to dispose and set in order; and hatred in every kind of imposture.” -
FRANCIS BACON

CRITICAL THINKER

Questions ideas first before you accept them.

Sees beyond the information that is given to you.

Opens mind to different possibilities.

Listens to what the others have to say.

Examines and re-examines an issue’s various dimensions before making conclusions.

Substantiates conclusions with valid and reliable proofs.

LOGIC

- Science of thinking methodically

RHETORIC

-Art of communicating persuasively

REASONING – essential ingredient in problem solving (Cavander and Kanahe, 2010)

TWO TYPES:

INDUCTIVE

- SPECIFIC-GENERAL

DEDUCTIVE

-GENERAL-SPECIFIC

3 Types of Rhetorical Appeals (Aristotle’s Modes of Proof)

LOGOS – logical appeal (facts, data, statistics and expert knowledge)

ETHOS – ethical appeal (present different s sides of the argument)

PATHOS – emotional appeal (use of emotions or figurative speech)