BCA -VI SEM

CLOUD COMPUTING (BCA-602)

UNIT-I

Introduction to Cloud Computing

Definitions and Concepts:

Cloud Computing is the method of computing in which the data and programs are
stored over the Internet and not on your hard disk. The Internet is referred to as the
Cloud in 'Cloud Computing'. Similar to yours, others' and different organizations’ data
and programs are also stored over the Internet. I

e have always been storing the programs and data that we need onto our computer’s
ard disk and accessing it whenever required. This is computing. But now technology
has taken over and the need to store everything on your physical hard disk is no longer
there. Here, Cloud Computing comes into picture. Cloud Computing is the method of
computing in which the data an6 programs are stored over the Internet and not on your
hard disk. The Internet is referred to as the Cloud in ’Cloud Computing’) Similar to
yours, others' and different organizations’ data and programs are also store over the
Internet. When it comes to an organization’s need, the requirements are even more.
Servers, applications, Storage, and so on. Creating a physical infrastructure to store
and install all these would be time consuming and expensive. Instead, if you get a share
of what is already installed over the Internet for use, it is cost effective and meets your
needs as well. So Cloud computing is mainly based on sharing the computing
resources.)

Brief History of Cloud Computing:

The evolution of Cloud Computing took a number of years, in different phases. The
concept of a global network emerged in the 1960’s Zhe idea was that everyone
interconnected gnd would be Ie to use data andprograms from a yn site located
anywhere on the globe. Though the concept was already available, the Internet, in a
good bandwidth was available only by the 1990’s. Another key factor which contributed
to the quick evolution of Cloud Computing was the emergence of the Virtualization
technology. Some important milestones in the evolution of cloud computing were as
follows:

1. Salesforce.com, which offered there services on the SaaS platform.

2. The Amazon suite of cloud-based services and Elastic Compute Cloud.
3. Arrival of Web 2.0.

Cloud Computing Terminology

The Cloud Computing terminology is vast and increasing with the advancement of
technology. Some of the most popular terminologies are listed in the following table.

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 Terminology Definition
Hybrid C loud

I nfrastrriCtLire as a Service

This is the cleIivery of cOI1lpLIting infras(rricture, such as Virtualizatiuri as

a service. In this scenario, the user is charged based on the usage to.
the heavy expense involved in the pLiFChase of the infrastrr›ct‹ire can be
saved
Multi-Tenant When multiple users access the same pLiblic cloud
Platform as a Service.
Paas
This is the delivery of a cloud-based platform, a mix of infrastructure and
software, to develop and test applications developed
Private Cloud Cloud service designed for access by one specific organization. The
users access the cloud from within the organization's network
Cloud service where different users access the resources on the same
Public Cloud server. However, the data specific to a particular user is festricted for
other users in the private cloud
Software as a service

Saas This is the delivery of software and any associated data, such as
Management software, CAD, Human Resource Management, etc.
through the cloud. Users access Saas usually through a thin client using
a web browser.

Main Characteristics of Cloud Computing

The five major characteristics of the Cloud Computing are as follows:

• On-demand self-service - The service of the cloud is available round the clock
and provides computing c abi!!ties on-demand of the user automatically.
• Broad network access - Users can access the services via diWerent modes as
the heterogeneous thin and thick client latforms.
• Resource pooling - The feature of multi-tenancy where users are assigned
resources dynamically, based on demands.
• Rapid elasticity— The service is flexible and can be scaled up or down to suit the
business requirements. Resources and programs can be used based on
requirement and the user is billed oil for the usage.
• Measured service — Usage metering is available and you pay only for what you
use. You need not pay for any infrastructure that y u doo use. t

Benefits of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has been around for approximately two decades and despite the data
pointing to the business efficiencies, cost-benefits, and competitive advantages it holds,
a large portion of the business community cotinues to operate without it. cording to
a study by the International Data Group, 69% of business”es are already using cloud

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 technology in one capacity or another, and 18% say they plan to iivplei»en I rIoud
computing solutions at some point. At the same time, Dell reports that companies that
invest in big data, cloud, mobility , and securty enjoy up to 53"/o faster revenue growth
than their competitors/ As this data shows, an increasing number of tech-SaVvy
businesses and industry leaders are recognizing the many benefi(s of the cloud-
computing trend. But more than that, they are using this technology to more efficiently
run their organizations, better serve their customers, and dramatically increase their
overall profit margins.

All this seems to indicate that given the apparent direction in which the industry is
moving, thefe’s never been a better time to get your head in the cloud.

Cloud computing is a term that has gained widespread use over the last few years With
the exponential increase in data use that has accompanied society’s transition into the
digital 21st century, it is becoming more and more difficult for individuals and
organizations to keep all of their vital information, programs, and systems up and
running on in-house computer servers. The solution to this problem is one that has been
around for nearly as long as the internet, but that has only recently gained widespread
application for businesses.

Cloud computing operates on a similar principle as web-based email clients, allowing

users to access all of the features and files of the system without having to keep the
bulk of that system on their own computers. In fact, most people already use a variety of
cloud computing services without even realizing it. Gmail, Google Drive, TurboTax, and
even Face book and lnstagram are all cloud-based applications. For all of these
services, users are sending their personal data to a cloud-hosted server that stores the
information for later access. And as useful as these applications are for personal use,
they’re even more valuable for businesses that need to be able to access large amounts
of data over a secure, online network connection.

For example, employees can access customer information via cloud-based CRM
software like Sales force from their smart phone or tablet at home or while traveling, and
can quickly share that information with other authorized parties anywhere in the world.

Still, there are those leaders that are remaining hesitant about committing to cloud-
computing solutions for their organizations. So, we’d like to take a few minutes and
C share 12 business advantages of cloud computing

1. Cost Savings
2. Security
3. Flexibility
4. Mobility
5. Insight
6. Increased Collaboration
7. Quality Control
8. Disaster Recovery
9. Loss Prevention

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 1 tCost Savings: If you are worried about the price tag that would come with
making the switch to cloud cotcputing, you aren't alone 20% of orqanizations are
concerned about the initial cost of implementing a cloud-based server. But those
who are attempting to wei h the advantages and disadvantages of using the
GIoud need to consider mor factors than just initial price they need to consider

I Once you’re on the cloud, *easy access toyour company's data will save time and
money in project startups And, for those who are worried that they’ll end up
paying for feature ”that they neither need nor want, most cloud-computing
services are ay as you go. This means that if you don't take advantage of what
the cloud has to offer, then at least you won’t have to be dropping money on it

service your stakehoders and clients, which means that you’ll get exactly as
much space as you need, and not be charged form any space that you don't.
, Taken together, these factors result in lower costs and higher returns. Half of all
‹’ „‹ CIOs and IT leaders su ye by Bit glass reported cost savinqs in 2015 as a
d
result of using cloud-based applcations.

2. Security: Many organizations have security concerns when it comes to adopting

a cloud-computing solution. After all, weqn files, programs, aocLother data aren’t
kept securely onsite, how can you know that they are being protected? If you can
remotely access your data, then what's stopping a cybercriminal from doing the
same thing? Well, ” quite a bit, actually.
For one thing, a cloud host’s full-time job is to carefully monitor security, which is
significantly more efficient than a conventona s system, where an
organization must divide its efforts between a m riad of IT concerns, with security
being only one of them. And while most businesses dotakeo openly consider
fhe possib ity o intefnal data theft, the truth is that a staggeringly high
percentage of data thefts occur internally and are perpetrated by employees.
When this is the case, it can actually be much safer to keep sensitive information
ffsite. Of course, this is all very abstract, so let's consider some solid statistics.
Rapid Scale claims that 94% of businesses saw an improvement in security after
switching to the cloud, and 91% said the cloud makes it easier to meet
go em ent co p iance requirements. The key to this amped-up security is the
encryption of data being transmitted over networks and stored in databases. By
using encryption, information is less accessible by hackers or anyone not
authorized to view your data. As an added security measure, with most cloud-
based services, different security settings can be set based on the user, While
20% of cloud users claim disaster recovery in four hours or less, only 9% of cloud
users could claim the same.

3. Flexibility:your business has only a finite amount of focus to divide between all
of its responsibilities. If your current IT solutions are forcing you to commit too
much of your attention to computer and data-storag e issues, then you aren't
going to be able to concentrate on reaching business goals and satisfying
customers Dn the other hand! by relying on an outside organization to take care
of all IT hosting and infrastructure, you'll have more time to devote toward the
aspects of your business that directly affect your bottom line.
cloud offers businesses more flexibility overall versus hosting on a local
server. And, if you need extra bandwidth a cloud-based service can eet a

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 demand instantly, rather than Lindergoirig a complex {and e xpensive) update to
your IT infrastructure This improved freedo‹w and flexibility can make a
sign c I erence to the overall efficiency of your organization. A G5’/› majority
ore"spondent"s to an InformationWeek survey said "the ability to quickly meet
business demands" was one of the most important reasons a business should
move to a cloud environment. '

4 Mobility: Cloud computing allows mobile access to corporate data via

Smartphone and devices, which, considering over 2.6 billion smart phones are
beinq used globally today, is a great way to ensure that no one is ever left out of
he oop. Staff with busy schedules, or who live a long way away from the
corporate office, can use this feature to keep instantly up to date with clients and
co-worker.
Through the cloud, you can offer conveniently accessible information to sales
staff who travel, freelance employees, or remote employees, for better work-life
balance. Therefore, it’s not surprising to see that organizations with employee
satisfaction listed as a priority are twoto 24% ore likel e and clo d usa eg

5.Insight: As we move ever further into the digital age, it’s becoming clearer and
clearer that the old adage "knowledge is power" has taken on the more modern
and accurate form "Data is money." Hidden within the millions of bits of data that
surround your customer transactions and business process are nuggets of
invaluable, actionable information just waiting to be identified and acted upon. Of
course, sifting through that data to find these kernels can be very difficult, unless
you have access to the right cloud-computing solution
QMany cloud-based storage solutions offer integrated cloud analytics for a bird’s-
eye view of your data. \/\/ith your information stored in the cloud, you can easily
implement tracking mechanisms and build customized reports to analyze
information organization wide. From those insights, you can increase efficiencies
and build action plans to meet organizational goals For example, the beverage
company Sunny Delight was able to increase profits bY about $2 million a year
and cut $195,000 in staffing costs through cloud-based business insights.

6. Increased Collaboration:’ If your business has two employees or more, then you
should be making collaboration a top priority. After all, there isn’t much point to
having a team if it is unable to work like a team. Cloud computing makes
collaboration a simple process. Team members can view and share information
easily and securely across a cloud-based platform. Some cloud-based services
even provide colJaborative social spaces to connect employees across your
organization, therefore increasing interest and engagement. Collaboration may
be possible without a cloud-computing solution, but it will never be as easy, nor
as effective-.

7. Quality Control There are few things as detrimental to the success of a

business as poor quality and inconsistent reporting. In a cloud-based system, all
documents are stored in one place and in a single format, With everyone
accessing the same information, you can maintain consistency in data, avoid
human error, and have a clear record of any revisions or updates Conversely,

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 managing information in silos can lead to employees accidentally saving different
versions of documents, which leads to confusion and diluted data

8 Disaster Recovery: One of the factors that contribute to the success of a

business is control. Unfortunately, no matter how in control your organiza(ion
may be when it comes to its own processes, there will always be things that are
completely out of your control, and in today’s market, even a small amount of
unproductive downtime can have a resoundingly negative effect. Downtime in
your services leads to lost productivity, revenue, and brand reputation

But while there may be no way for you to prevent or even anticipate the disasters
that could potentially harm your organization, there is something you can do to
help speed your recovery. Cloud-based services provide quick data recovery for
all kinds of emergency scenarios, from natural disasters to power outages. While
20% of cloud users claim disaster recovery in four hours or less, only 9% of non-
cloud users could claim the same. In a recent survey, 43% of IT executives said
they plan to invest in or improve cloud-based disaster recovery solutions.

9. Loss Prevention: If your organization isn't investing in a cloud-computing

solution, then all of your valuable data is inseparably tied to the office computers
it resides in. This may not seem like a problem, but the reality is that if your local
hardware experiences a problem, you might end up permanently losing your
data. This is a more common problem than you might realize computers can
malfunction for many reasons, from viral infections, to age-related hardware
deterioration, to simple user error. Or, despite the best of intentions, they can be
misplaced or stolen (over 10,000 laptops are reported lost every week at major
airports).
If you aren’t on the cloud, you’re at risk of losing all the information you had
saved locally. With a cloud-based server, however, all the information you’ve
uploaded to the cloud remains safe and easily accessible from any computer with
an internet connection, even if the computer

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 technol sv qives them a competitive advantaqe, and 16D/ believe this advantaqe
is significant.

12. Sustainability: Given the current state of the environment, it's no longer enough
for organizations to place a recycling bin in the break room and claim that they're
doing their part to help the planet. Real sustainability requires solutions that address
wastefulness at every level of a business. Hosting on the cloud is more
environmentally friendly and results in less of a carbon footprint

powering virtual services

on paper waste,
improving energy efficiency, and access from
anywhere with an internet A Pike
Research report predicted
2010 to 2020 based on the adoption of cloud computing
options.

• Lower upfront costs and reduced infrastructure costs.

• Easy to grow your applications.
• Scale up or down at short notice.
• Only pay for what you use.
• Everything managed under SLAs.
• Overall environmental benefit (lower carbon emissions) of many users efficiently
sharing large systems. (But see the box below.)

Cons
• Higher ongoing operating costs. Could cloud systems work out more expensive?
• Greater dependency on service providers. Can you get problems resolved
quickly, even with SLAs?
• Risk of being locked into proprietary or vendor-recommended systems? How
easily can you migrate to another system or service provider if you need to?
• What happens if your supplier suddenly decides to stop supporting a product or
system you’ve come to depend on?
• Potential privacy and security risks of putting valuable data on someone else's
system in an unknown location?
• If lots of people migrate to the cloud, where they're no longer free to develop neat
and whizzy new things, what does that imply for the future development of the
Internet?

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 • Dependenc y on a reliable Internet connection.

Service Models:

Clo ud Clients
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. SaaS

IaaS
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There are different service models in Cloud computing. With the advancement of
technology, newer service models are evolving. However there are 3 major service
models for Cloud Computing. These are laas, Paas, and SaaS.

laas - In Infrastructure as a Service, users can access the infrastructure required to run
their applications, storage, operating systems, etc. The infrastructure can be servers,
storage, and virtualization infrastructure and so on. Buying and installing these
infrastructure can be very expensive process for the organizations. And more expense
would be there on the maintenance part. So the laas model is a reliable and cost
effective method for the users to run their businesses. For example, if in an
organization, virtualization infrastructure is required for a new project with less funding,
acquiring the expensive infrastructure will not be possible. Here IaaS is the best option.

Paas — In Platform as a Service, users are provided the platform to develop and run
their applications. Changing the platform, upgrading to a newer version, or maintaining
uniformity in the platform used by all employees of a company is possible at a less
expenditure with PaaS. For example, if you are working on an experimental project
where you wouldn’t want to spend more on the development, you can opt for PaaS.
This way, you save money and effort by not having the need to buy the platforms and
hire people to maintain them. There are platform operators who will help you when in
need of help. The user need not manage any of the underlying cloud infrastructures, but
can manage the applications required for the work.

SaaS - In Software as a Service, user can access software applications from the cloud.
You no longer would need to buy the expensive software. You can access the software
through a thin client interface, like a web browser. Similar to the other service models,
you cannot control the underlying infrastructure. You can run the applications in the
cloud and the cloud administrator manages the portions.

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Some of the newer service models are XaaS (Anything as a service), CaaS
(Communication as a service), and MaaS (Monitoring as a service)

A user can choose the required model or models, based on business requirements and
costs involved.

Deployment Models:

The cloud services can be deployed in different methods The deployment model is
based on the service model, organizational structure, location, user base, and so on
The four most commonly used deployment models are as follows:

OM Pcmn« 3TnrdPany

Cloud C omputfng Types ,.....

Public Cloud

In this model, the infrastructure is accessible to the public and it is owned by a vendor,
who offers the services of the cloud to the users. The cloud vendor shares the cloud
resources with the end users. The resource pool is huge and the services are shared by
lots of users. The services of this cloud model can be free or available for nominal
charges. Google uses a public cloud deployment model. With this model, users need
not purchase any infrastructure but can use that of the vendor. A drawback of the public
cloud model is that it poses a security threat. If you have very confidential data running
in your network, it is not safe to use the public cloud model.

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 Publoc CToUd

Private Cloud
suggests, this would be a privately owned cioud. Here, the user or
As the name cloud and only the user or employees of the company have
organization owns the
making data and tra nsaction
Cloud s secure. Thefe is cloud
model.
more
access to the cloud, thereby
when compared to the Public The Private
control over resources data c enters belong to the company. The
solution and the
model uses the Virtualization
of this model is the security and the control that the users have overent
major advantage the drawback iS that more financial investm
the resources and applicatioHowever,
n.
big scale as that of a publiC CiOud model.
is required and the offering is not as

”” Private Cloucl

In the Community cioud model, the infrastructure is owned jointly by different

organizations. The organizations may have a similar set of requirements, policies, and
customer base. So, they can combine the offerings and make the customer base even
bigger. Duplication of same or similar applications and resources are avoided. This
model helps reduce the costs, which would otherwise be higher if the organization
deploys the Private Cloud model. This is again a classification of the Private Cloud, as it
is available to only a certain group of users.

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Hybrid CIoMd
ment model comprises of two or more clouds. This can be a
The Hybrid Cloud deploy or community. The hybrid
three cloudtotypes
combination of the other compared — public, private,
the other owing to the execution and
three
deployment is complex An example scenado of this model can be where an
the private cloUd
management tasks involved. bUt there are load spikes which
organization is on Ihe private claUd
this the organization depends on the public cloud to support the
cannot handle. For ic cloud and back will be seamless to the end
load fFOM the private to the publ

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