BORANG RAGS-1

Kod Rujukan:
(Diisi oleh RMC)

JABATAN PENGAJIAN TINGGI

KEMENTERIAN PENGAJIAN TINGGI
BORANG PERMOHONAN
DANA PEMBUDAYAAN PENYELIDIKAN
(RAGS)

Satu (1) salinan borang permohonan asal hendaklah dihantar kepada Bahagian Perancangan
Kecemerlangan IPT, Jabatan Pengajian Tinggi, Aras 7, No.2, Menara 2, Jalan P5/6, Presint 5, 62200
Putrajaya

(Borang yang tidak lengkap tidak akan diproses)

Syarat-syarat permohonan:-
1. Terbuka kepada kakitangan akademik (pensyarah) di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam bukan
Universiti Penyelidikan.
2. Mempunyai pengalaman sebagai ahli akademik tidak melebihi lima (5) tahun DAN gred 52
dan ke bawah.
3. Mestilah Warganegara Malaysia
4. Pensyarah tetap di IPTA.
5. Hanya satu (1) projek penyelidikan dibenarkan untuk dipohon dan diperaku.
6. Tidak pernah memegang mana-mana geran nasional atau antarabangsa.
7. Pensyarah sedang cuti belajar tidak dibenarkan untuk memohon dan menjalankan
penyelidikan.

A TAJUK PENYELIDIKAN YANG DICADANGKAN :

Feasibility Study of Palm Oil as New Insulation Medium for Power Transformer

B MAKLUMAT PENYELIDIK

B(i) Nama Ketua Projek: No. Kad Pengenalan:

SHARIN BIN AB GHANI 840830-04-5091

B(ii) Kategori (Sila tanda ( √ )):

Gred 52 √ Gred 45 Lain-lain, Nyatakan: ___

Tempoh Perkhidmatan

5 tahun 4 tahun 3 tahun √ 2 tahun 1 tahun dan ke bawah

B(iii) Fakulti/Jabatan /Pusat/Unit (Sila nyatakan alamat penuh):
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya 76100 Durian Tunggal
Melaka.

B(iii) No. Telefon Pejabat: No. Telefon Bimbit: No. Faks:

06-555 2251 013-6252966 06-555 2266

B(v) Alamat e-mel: sharinag@utem.edu.my

B(vi) Tarikh mula berkhidmat dengan Universiti ini: 31/01/2013

C MAKLUMAT PENYELIDIKAN

C(i) Kluster Penyelidikan (Sila tanda ( √ )):

A. Sains Tulen

Kimia Fizik Biologi

Biokimia Sains Bahan Matematik dan Statistik

B. Sains Gunaan

Kimia Fizik Biologi

Matematik dan Statistik Bioteknolog) Sains Bahan

C. Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan

Mekanikal dan Pembuatan √ Elektrikal dan Elektronik Awam dan Struktur

Bahan dan Polimer Kejuruteraan Kimia dan Tenaga dan Teknologi Hijau
Proses

Infrastruktur dan Pembinaan dan Bahan Aeroangkasa

Pengangkutan Binaan

D. Sains Kesihatan dan Klinikal

Sains Perubatan Asas Farmasi Farmakologi

Mikrobiologi Perubatan Parasitologi Pathologi

Perubatan Pencegahan Klinikal Surgikal Klinikal Medikal

Masyarakat

Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu Pergigian Sains Kejururawatan

 E. Sains Sosial

Antropologi Psikologi Sosiologi

Sains Politik Pengurusan dan Perniagaan) Geografi

Ekonomi Ekologi Manusia Komunikasi

F. Sastera dan Sastera Ikhtisas

Bahasa dan Linguistik Kesusasteraan Agama

Falsafah Tamadun Sejarah

Seni Budaya Pendidikan

Dasar dan Undang-undang Alam Bina- Alam Sekitar-

Aspek Kemanusiaan Aspek Kemanusiaan

G. Sains Tabii dan Warisan Negara

Alam Sekitar) Perhutanan Pertanian

Marin Arkeologi Geosains

Etnografi Alam Bina (Aspek Warisan) Budaya

Kepelbagaian Biologi

H. Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi

Perisian dan Sistem Maklumat Pengkomputeran Lembut Rangkaian Komputer

Keselamatan Maklumat Multimedia Kejuruteraan Komputer

Sains Komputer

C(ii) Tempat penyelidikan dijalankan:

Makmal Voltan Tinggi, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100 Hang Tuah
Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka
C(iii) Tempoh penyelidikan ini (Maksimum 24 bulan):

Tempoh : 2 Tahun

Dari : Julai 2013

Hingga : Jun 2015

C(iv) Ahli-ahli penyelidik yang lain:

(Sila sertakan resume bagi setiap penyelidik (maksimum 5 muka surat)

No. Kad Fakulti/

Tahap Kelayakan Tandatangan
Bil Nama Pengenalan/ P.Pengajian/
Akademik/Jawatan
Pasport Pusat/Unit

1 Dr Gan Chin Kim 790213-14-5465 FKE, UTeM PhD / Pensyarah

Kanan

Dr. Mohd Fadzli Bin FKM, UTeM PhD / Pensyarah

2 800614-04-5197 Kanan
Abdollah

Zikri Abadi Bin FKE, UTeM MSc / Pensyarah

4 741210-08-5929
Baharudin

5 Mohd Shahril Bin 840309-10-5233 FKE, UTeM MSc / Pensyarah

Ahmad Khiar

C(v) Sila sediakan maklumat termasuk termasuk tajuk, nama geran, peranan, tempoh, tahun mula dan
tahun tamat bagi penyelidikan yang sedang/telah dijalankan oleh ketua penyelidik dalam tempoh tiga
tahun terakhir.

Tajuk penyelidikan Nama Geran Jawatan / Tempoh Tarikh mula Tarikh tamat
Peranan

Design and Development

University Short
of Transformer Demo Box
Term Research
for Simulated Fault Ketua 30 November
Grant UTeM 18 Bulan 1 Jun 2012
Conditions Studies using Penyelidik 2013
(PJP/2012/FKE
Frequency Response
(7C)/S01010)
Analysis (FRA)

Design and Development

of Smart Monitoring University Short
System Using Term Research
Penyelidik 30 November
Programmable Logic Grant UTeM 18 Bulan 1 Jun 2012
Bersama 2013
Controller Applied for (PJP/2012/FKE
Domestic Distribution (44C)/S01049)
Board

Identification of defects in Short Term 18 Bulan 1 Jun 2012 30 November

rotating gears by using on- Research Grant Penyelidik 2013
line vibration health UTeM Bersama
monitoring system
 Design and Analysis of Short Term Penyelidik
30 November
Electrical Energy from Clay Research Grant Bersama 18 Bulan 1 Jun 2012
2013
Soil UTeM

Development of Time- University Short

Frequency Distributions Term Research
Ketua 30 November
(TFD) Measurement Grant UTeM 18 Bulan 1 Jun 2013
Penyelidik 2014
Technique for Transformer (PJP/2013/FKE
Fault Identification (16C)/S01206)
Design and Development
of On Load Tap Changer University Short
(OLTC) Demo Box For Term Research
Penyelidik 30 November
Simulated Fault Conditions Grant UTeM 18 Bulan 1 Jun 2013
Bersama 2014
Studies Using Dynamic (PJP/2013/FKE
Winding Resistance (15C)/S01205)
Measurement (DWRM)
Design and Development University Short
of Three-Phase Multilevel Term Research
Penyelidik 30 November
Inverter for Solar Grant UTeM 18 Bulan 1 Jun 2013
Bersama 2014
Applications. (using Trinary (PJP/2013/FKE
method for 31-level) (17A)/S01207)

C(vi) Sila kemukakan maklumat berkaitan penerbitan akademik yang telah diterbitkan oleh ketua
penyelidik dalam tempoh lima (5) tahun terakhir. (Contoh: Jurnal, buku, bab dalam buku, dll)

Tajuk penerbitan Nama jurnal/buku Tahun diterbitkan

Condition Assessment of OLTC

Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering and
using Duval Triangle and Static 2012
Optimization Conference (PEOCO)
Winding Resistance Test
Evaluation of transformer core
and winding conditions from
Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering and
SFRA measurement results 2012
Optimization Conference (PEOCO)
using statistical techniques for
distribution transformers
Diagnosis of OLTC using DGA
Proceedings of International Conference on
and Static Winding Resistance 2012
Engineering and ICT (ICEI)
Test
Mechanical Condition
Assessment of TNB In-Service Proceedings of International Conference on
2012
Transformers using SFRA Engineering and ICT (ICEI)
Measurement
Analysis of Kraft Paper
Insulation’s Life for 15MVA Proceedings of International Conference on
2012
Power Distribution Transformers Engineering and ICT (ICEI)
in TNB
Kraft Paper Insulation's Life
Assessment and Effects of Proceedings of 2012 IEEE International Power
2012
Oxygen and Moisture to Paper and Energy Conference (PECON 2012)
Insulation's Deterioration Rate
Simulation of TDR Circuit for the
Proceedings of 2012 IEEE International Power
Analysis of Wave Propagation In 2012
and Energy Conference (PECON 2012)
XLPE Cable Model

A review On Micro-Grid And

Proceedings of Power and Energy Conversion
Demand Side Management And 2012
Symposium (PECS)
Their Related Standards

C(vii) Ringkasan Cadangan Eksekutif Penyelidikan (maksimum 300 patah perkataan)

(Meliputi pernyataan masalah, objektif, kaedah penyelidikan, jangkaan hasil penyelidikan/implikasi
dan kepentingan output projek penyelidikan)
 Over the years, mineral-based insulation oil has performed well in power transformers. But, in the accidental
leakage occur in transformer, it could establish an environmental hazard because it is toxic and non-
biodegradable. Therefore, vegetable oil has become one of the promising substitutes for mineral oil. It has
been widely used in the liquid insulation of transformers. However, the use of Palm oil as insulation material
which Malaysia has abundant resources, has not been widely attempted by the researchers. Given Palm oil
is one of the key focus areas under the 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA), this research aims to
investigate the feasibility of Palm oil as a potential insulation medium for power transformer in Malaysia. In
this research, detail feasibility study of Palm oil as new insulation oil for power transformer will be thoroughly
carried out. This includes the investigation of Palm oil influence to the Kraft insulating paper on its chemical
structure behaviour. This is important as technical lifetime of a particular transformer is heavily depends on
the degradation rate of Kraft insulating paper. In addition, Degree Polymerization (DP) and X-ray
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) techniques will also be used for assessing the Palm oil influence before
and after thermal aging process to the Kraft insulating paper. In light of the importance of breakdown voltage
level requirements for the transformer, AC High Voltage Testing will be carried out to examine the dielectric
breakdown strength of palm oil, before and after the thermal aging process. In addition, benchmarking study
with different kinds of established insulation medium shall be carried out. The outcome of this project is
expected to provide recommendation to the relevant stakeholders in term of the feasibility of using palm oil as
an alternative to the existing insulating fluid. The potential market of this product is huge given the number of
available distribution power transformers.

C(viii) Cadangan maklumat penyelidikan secara terperinci:

(a). Keterangan latar belakang penyelidikan termasuk Pernyataan Masalah, Hipotesis/Persoalan

Penyelidikan, Kajian Literatur, Rujukan Berkaitan dan Perkaitan dengan Dasar Kerajaan, jika
berkenaan.

The main requirements of oil in power transformers are to increase the dielectric strength between
conductors by replacing air with a high dielectric strength fluid, and filling the pores of the Kraft insulating
paper and pressboard, to prevent discharges. In fact, insulating oil is an important information carrier
whereas providing information about the degradation of Kraft insulating paper, by depolymerization, which is
very important in transformer diagnostics [1]. Figure 1 shown the typical insulation oil flow inside the
transformer. During the last century, power transformers have generally been filled with mineral oil, which has
good compatibility with the Kraft insulating paper; good physical and electrical properties, not only as a
cooling fluid but also as an electrical insulator; and suitable properties such as good electrical arc quenching
and mainly availability, low cost, and long history. However, in a situation where there is accidental leakage in
a transformer, the oil could constitute an environmental hazard because it is toxic and non-biodegradable
[2,3].

Thus, vegetable oil turn out to be an alternative insulating oil for transformers, mainly for accommodate the
safety and environmental issues arise from mineral oil. These vegetable oil products include Soy-bean oil,
Sunflower oil, Coconut oil, Olive oil and oil extracts from the seed of Moringa Oliefera. The sunflower oil,
which is 100% environmental friendly, is used as a transformer oil for special purposes. Two typical
commercial vegetable oil products are Envirotemp® FR3 TM, introduced by Cooper Power System in 1996 [4],
and BIOTEMP®, developed by ABB in 1999 [5]. These two vegetable oil variants are being used in small
power and distribution transformers across the United States [6,7]. For utilizing the local resources of
vegetable products, Palm oil is the solution according to previous research [8] point out that the Palm oil
properties are suitable to become transformer insulating oil in term of breakdown voltage, which is one of
paramount importance to dielectric fluids, has been found to be adequate and good biodegradability. Palm oil
usage can be expanding from this research besides its well established applications and it also a line to one
of 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA): Palm Oil (Chapter 9: Deepening Malaysia’s Palm Oil Advantage)
[9].

Many previous research works have been carried out to compare the physicochemical and dielectric
properties of vegetable oil with the properties of mineral oil. However, only few reports on the property
change of vegetable oil especially Palm oil during the thermal aging process has been made. The influence
of Palm oil on aging rate of Kraft paper and related mechanisms have been hardly addressed. Many previous
studies gave early indications that the rate of paper aging is fluid-dependent [10]. Paper aged in mineral oil
degraded at a significantly faster rate than in vegetable dielectric fluid [11,12]. However, most published
studies only measured the Tensile Strength (TS) or the Degree of Polymerization (DP) to compare aging
rates of paper in mineral oil and vegetable oil; the mechanisms by which the aging rate of cellulose is slowed
down by impregnation with vegetable oil and variations of routine aging diagnostic parameters have been
rarely reported [13,14].

Hence, a feasibility study is needed on proving the Palm oil influence to the Kraft insulating paper for
developing chances in commercialize the Palm oil as insulation oil in power transformer. For this research,
Kraft paper is aged in mineral oil and palm oil in parallel to investigate the influence of oil type on the thermal
aging properties of oil paper. First, accelerated thermal aging tests will be performed at three different
temperatures using aging ovens. The Degree Polymerization (DP) of Kraft insulating paper will be used to
indicate the aging degree of insulation because of its efficiency and reliable test output compare to other
techniques such as Karl-Fischer titration and Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy (FDS) [15]. Second, X-ray
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) technology is selected for analyzing the change of Kraft’s molecule
structures before and after aging. XPS is capable of detecting the difference in chemical state between
samples and also able to differentiate between oxidations states of molecules in Kraft’s paper [16]. Third, the
breakdown voltage level of the oil type samples will be tested according to the related standards [17,18].
Analysis of each results of the tested mechanism will be used to assess the performance between mineral oil
and palm oil.

Insulation oil act as

cooling fluid and
electrical insulation
for transformer

Coils or winding is
wrapped with Kraft
insulating paper
(insulation between
winding)

Figure 1 Typical insulation oil flow inside power transformer [1].

(b) Objektif Penyelidikan

The objectives of this study are:

1) To discover a new knowledge of Palm oil influence to the Kraft insulating paper on its chemical
structure behaviour in the thermal aging process.

2) To examine the Palm oil influence to the Kraft insulating paper aging degree and molecul structures
before and after thermal aging process using Degree Polymerization (DP) and X-ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (XPS). To investigate the electrical properties of Palm oil and established insulation oils
before and after thermal aging process from breakdown voltage testing.

(c) Kaedah penyelidikan

Sila nyatakan di borang ini

1. Kaedah Penyelidikan (Description of Methodology)

The methodology of this research project is divided into two (2) major Work Packages (WP):

WP1: Review the theoretical aspects Kraft paper molecules structures and liquid dielectric mechanism.
Experimental setup for Kraft insulating paper through thermal aging process (temperature-controlled oven)
under Palm oil, mineral oil and established vegetable oil influence;

WP2: Condition assessment of Kraft paper using Degree of Polymerization (DP) according to ASTM D 4243-
99, IEC 61198 and IEC 60450 standards. Indicating Kraft’s molecule structures using X-ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (XPS) and breakdown voltage level for Palm oil, mineral oil and established vegetable oil.
In the context of WP1, Kraft insulating paper is usually made by the delignification of wood pulp by the
KRAFT process, in which wood is treated with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide [14]. The
main chemical component of insulation paper is cellulose, which is a natural polymer of glucose. The
cellulose fibers consist of a bundle of molecules of different lengths, positioned side by side. They are held
together by hydrogen bonds involving the hydroxyl (OH) groups on the adjacent molecules, which are linked
together through the glycosidic bond as shown in Figure 2 [19].

Figure 2 The structure of insulation paper; n = degree of polymerization [19].

The mechanism of cellulose degradation depends on the conditions to which the paper insulation is
subjected. There are four major factors that promote degradation, namely, exposure to elevated temperature,
oxygen, acid, and moisture. The degradation processes associated with these causes are thermal, oxidative,
and hydrolytic. Figure 3 shows the thermal effect to the cellulose paper degradation.

Figure 3 The degradation processes of cellulose paper (Thermal Degradation) [19].

For this experiment according to [20], two sets of ampoules will be prepared: one set contained only the
insulating oil, and the other set contained the insulating oil with strips of Kraft paper (about 0.5 g) immersed in
the oil, as shown in Figure 4a. The ampoules are sealed using a torch and then uniformly heated in a
temperature-controlled oven (Figure 4b). The ampoules were maintained at 70°C for one week, and then the
temperature was raised to 110°C and maintained at this temperature for another week. The procedure
continued at 130, 150, and 190°C.

(a) (b)

Figure 4 a) Ampoules used for thermal aging: without paper (left) and with paper dipped in oil (right), b)
Thermal aging of oil and paper immersed in oil in a temperature-controlled oven [20].

Meanwhile in WP2, the samples of the mineral oil and palm oil before and after aging process will be proceed
to the Degree Polymerization (DP) process by using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
system shown in Figure 5. This process is used for analyzing the level of Kraft insulating paper
polymerization to the tested oils. To enhance the experimental process, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
(XPS) technology will be used as shown in Figure 6. The main purpose is to study the mechanisms by which
mineral oil and palm oil retards paper’s degradation rate by measuring the electron energy spectra of Kraft
sample before and after thermal aging process. Breakdown voltage test is used to determine in term of
electrical properties of mineral oil and palm oil before and after thermal aging process. AC High Voltage
Testing (Withstand and Breakdown Voltage) will be applied to the tested oil according to the transformer
insulation standards; IEC 156 and BS 148. Finally, the analysis of each tested samples of Palm oil and
mineral oil will be prepared by using statistical analysis.

Figure 5 High Performance Liquid Chromatography [10,15].

Figure 6 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) System Concepts [10,15].

2. Carta Alir (Flow Chart) Aktiviti Penyelidikan (Sila sertakan dalam Lampiran)

Flow Chart of Research Activities – included in Appendix A

3. Carta Gantt (Gantt Chart) Aktiviti Penyelidikan (Sila sertakan dalam Lampiran)

Gantt Chart of Research Activities – included in Appendix B

4. Carta perbatuan dan tarikh (Milestones and Dates) (Sila sertakan dalam Lampiran)

Milestones and Dates of Research Activities – included in Appendix C

References:
[1] Z. Wang, A. Darwin, and R. Martin, “New insulating fluids: Use of environmental friendly fluids in power
transformers,” presented at CIGRÉ Colloquium D1-A2, Brügge, Belgium, 2007.
[2] I. U-Khan, Z. Wang, and I. Cotton, “Dissolved gas analysis of alternative fluids for power transformers,”
IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 5–14, Sep./Oct. 2007.
[3] I. Atanasova-Höhlein, “Gassing and oxidation behavior of insulating fluids under thermal stress,”
presented at CIGRÉ SC D1 Colloquium “Performance of conventional and new materials for high
voltage apparatus,” Budapest, Hungary, 2009.
[4] Phadungthin, R.; Chaidee, E.; Haema, J.; Suwanasri, T., "Analysis of insulating oil to evaluate the
condition of power transformer," Electrical Engineering/Electronics Computer Telecommunications and
Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2010 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.108,111, 19-21 May
2010.
[5] Habib, S.; Ahsan, Q., "Effect of insulating oil degradation on power transformer capacitance," Electrical &
Computer Engineering (ICECE), 2012 7th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.307,310, 20-22 Dec.
2012 doi: 10.1109/ICECE.2012.6471547.
[6] T. V. Oommen, "Vegetable oils for liquid-filled transformers," IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 18,
pp. 6-11, 2002.
[7] "IEEE guide for loading mineral-oil-immersed power transformers up to and including 100 MVA with 55 oC
or 65oC average winding rise," in ANSI/IEEE Std C57.92-1981, 1981.
[8] U. U. Abdullahi, S. M. Bashi, R. Y. Mohibullah and Amir Nurdin, “The Potentials of Palm Oil as a Dielectric
Fluid”, IEEE National Power and Energy Conference (PECon), 2004.
[9] “Chapter 9: Deepening Malaysia’s Palm Oil Advantage”, Economic Transformation Programme: A
Roadmap for Malaysia. Retrieved Jan 15, 2013, from
http://etp.pemandu.gov.my/upload/etp_handbook_chapter_9_palm_oil.pdf.
[10]C. P. McShane, G. A. Gauger, and J. Luksich, "Fire resistant natural ester dielectric fluid and novel
Insulation system for its use," in IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference, New Orleans, LA. ,
1999, pp. 890-894.
[11] C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger, and J. Luksich,"Aging of Kraft paper in natural
ester dielectric fluid," in IEEE 14th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids, Graz, 2002, pp. 173-
177.
[12] C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger, and J. Luksich,"Aging of paper insulation in
natural ester dielectric fluid," in IEEE 14th International Conference on Transmission and Distribution,
Atlanta, GA. , 2001, pp. 675-679.
[13] K. J. Rapp, C. P. McShane, and J. Luksich, "Interaction mechanisms of natural ester dielectric fluid and
Kraft paper," in 2005 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), Coimbra, Portugal,
2005, pp. 393-396.
[14] Chairul, I.S., Md Thayoob, Y.H., Ghazali, Y.Z.Y., Ab Ghani, S., and Khiar, M.S.A., “Kraft Paper
Insulation's Life Assessment and Effects of Oxygen and Moisture to Paper Insulation's
Deterioration
Rate”, 2012 IEEE International Power and Energy Conference (PECON), 2012.
[15] Bagheri, M., Naderi, M.S., Blackburn, T. and Phung, B.T, “Dean-Stark vs FDS and KFT Methods in
Moisture Content Recognition of Transformers”, 2012 IEEE International Power and Energy
Conference
(PECON), 2012.
[16] L. Yang, R. Liao, and C. Sun, "Influence of Natural Ester on Thermal Aging Characteristics of Oil-paper
in Power Transformer," European Transactions on Electrical Power, 2009. Published online, in press.
[17] L. Yang, R. Liao, and C. Sun, “Influence of Vegetable Oil on the Thermal Aging Rate of Kraft Paper and
its Mechanism”, High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on
,2010.
[18] "ASTM D 4243-99 (Reapproved 2004) Standard Test Method for Measurement of Average Viscometric
Degree of Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical Papers and Boards."
[19] C. Luiz, P. Donald, P. Thomas and X. Shuzen, “Furan Analysis for Liquid Power Transformers”, IEEE
Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 28 No. 2, 2012.
[20] AM. Augusta, G. Martins and A. R. Gomes, “Comparative Study of the Thermal Degradation of Synthetic
and Natural Esters and Mineral Oil: Effect of Pil Type in the Thermal Degradation of Insulating Kraft
Paper”, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 28 No. 2, 2012.
 (d) Jangkaan Hasil Penyelidikan

1. Teori novel/penemuan baru/pengetahuan

 The research outcome is to contribute to the understanding of Palm oil as a feasible insulation
medium for power transformers. In the same time, it is expected by using Palm oil it will
extend the remaining life of Kraft insulating paper compared by using mineral oil and other
established commercial vegetable oils.

2. Penerbitan Penyelidikan

 One (1) publication in ISI journal: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation
(IF: 1.094) and one (1) publication in Scopus journal: Elsevier Electric Power Systems
Research (IF: 1.478) Q1.

3. Aplikasi yang akan dihasilkan/berpotensi

 The research findings can be used to inform the Malaysia utility companies and the relevant
parties for the usage of palm oil as an alternative to mineral oil insulating fluid for the
distribution power transformers in Malaysia.

 Support one of the 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) on Palm Oil. This research will
increase the market segment of palm oil applications especially in Power Transmission and
Distribution areas.

4. Bilangan modal insan

 One (1) MSc student by research.

D KEMUDAHAN SEDIA ADA UNTUK KEGUNAAN BAGI PENYELIDIKAN INI

Peralatan Tempat

Workstation facilities equipped with MATLAB and Microsoft Research Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical
Office and Microsoft Visual Studio. Engineering, UTeM

Megger’s OTS80PB/60PB Oil Test Sets are portable liquid High Voltage Laboratory, Faculty of
dielectric breakdown testers. Electrical Engineering, UTeM

Dissolved Gas Analyzer (DGA), High Performance Liquid

Chromatography (HPLC) and Frequency Dielectric High Voltage Laboratory TNBR
Spectroscopy (FDS)

Vacuum Drying Oven Material Engineering Laboratory, Faculty

of Manufacturing Engineering, UTeM

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Nano Characterisation Research Lab,

UiTM Shah Alam
 E BELANJAWAN

Sila nyatakan anggaran bajet bagi cadangan penyelidikan ini dan berikan butir – butir perbelanjaan
lengkap dengan berpandukan kepada garis panduan yang dilampirkan.

Butiran belanjawan Jumlah yang dipohon Jumlah yang diluluskan oleh

oleh pemohon Naib Canselor/ TNC
(P&I)/Pengarah RMC

Tahun 1 Tahun 2 Jumlah

(RM) (RM) (RM)

E(i) Vot 11000 - Sila nyatakan bajet secara

Upah dan Elaun keseluruhan

Untuk Pembantu
Penyelidik (RO/RA)

Sila nyatakan secara

lengkap dengan
pecahannya sekali.

1 MSc Student 18,000 18,000 36,000

(1 person x RM1,500 x 12
months = RM18,000 per year for
1 students)

E(ii) Vot 21000 -

Perjalanan dan
Pengangkutan

Sila nyatakan secara

lengkap dengan
pecahannya sekali.
 Butiran belanjawan Jumlah yang dipohon Jumlah yang diluluskan oleh
oleh pemohon Naib Canselor/ TNC
(P&I)/Pengarah RMC

Tahun 1 Tahun 2 Jumlah

(RM) (RM) (RM)

E(iii) Vot 24000 - Sila nyatakan bajet secara

keseluruhan
Sewaan

Sila nyatakan secara

lengkap dengan
pecahannya sekali.

a) Dissolved Gas 0 2,500 2,500

Analyzer (DGA), High
Performance Liquid
Chromatography
(HPLC) and
Frequency Dielectric
Spectroscopy (FDS)
b) X-ray Photoelectron 0 2,500 2,500
Spectroscopy (XPS)

E(iv) Vote 27000 -

Bekalan dan Bahan

Penyelidikan

Sila nyatakan secara

lengkap dengan
pecahannya sekali.

a) Specialized and 1,500 1,500 3,000

recent published
books, journal and
transformer oil testing
standards (ASTM and
Cigre) which does not
subscribe by the
university library. 1,500 0 1,500
b) Kraft insulating paper
(with oil impregnated
and without
impregnated)
c) Mineral oil (Brand: 3,000 0 3,000
Hyrax oil) currently
used in many TNB
Distribution
transformers
d) Palm oil (RBD Palm 3,000 0 3,000
Oil) : from PORAM
members
E(v) Vote 28000 -

Baik pulih kecil dan

ubahsuai

Sila nyatakan secara

lengkap dengan
pecahannya sekali.

Butiran belanjawan Jumlah yang dipohon Jumlah yang diluluskan oleh

oleh pemohon Naib Canselor/ TNC
(P&I)/Pengarah RMC

Tahun 1 Tahun 2 Jumlah

(RM) (RM) (RM)

E(vi) Vot 29000 - Sila nyatakan bajet secara

Perkhidmatan Ikhtisas keseluruhan

Sila nyatakan secara

lengkap dengan
pecahannya sekali.

a) Journal and
proceedings fees for
international and 1,500 1,500 3,000
national level

b) Fees on palm oil

refinaries and 2,000 0 2,000
products technology
at Malaysian Palm Oil
Berhad (MPOB)

E(vii) Vot 35000 -

Aksesori dan Peralatan

Sila nyatakan secara

lengkap dengan
pecahannya sekali.

a) Glass ampoules 220ml

for tested oils (used in 5,000 0 5,000
thermal aging process)

JUMLAH BESAR 35,500 26,000 61,500

F Akuan Pemohon
(Sila tanda ( √ )):

Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa:

1. Semua maklumat yang diisi adalah benar, KPT dan IPT berhak menolak permohonan atau
√ membatalkan tawaran pada bila-bila masa sekiranya keterangan yang dikemukakan adalah tidak
benar.

√ 2. Permohonan projek penyelidikan ini dikemukakan untuk memohon peruntukan di bawah Dana
Pembudayaan Penyelidikan, KPT.

3. Permohonan projek penyelidikan ini juga dikemukakan untuk memohon peruntukan geran
penyelidikan dari ________________________________________________ (nama geran) dan
_________________ (jumlah dana)

Tarikh : 28/6/2013 Tandatangan Pemohon :

 G Perakuan Naib Canselor/Timbalan Naib Canselor(P & I)/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Penyelidik an

Sila tandakan ( √ )

Diperakukan:

A. Disokong

B. Tidak Disokong

Ulasan:

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Nama: Tandatangan:

Tarikh:

Nota: Semua permohonan dianggap sulit. Keputusan Jawatankuasa Geran Penyelidikan KPT adalah MUKTAMAD.
Appendix A - Flowchart of Research Methodology

Start

Study the Kraft

insulating paper,
mineral oil and palm
oils literatures

Thermal aging process using

temperature-controlled oven for
Kraft paper in mineral oil and palm
oil

Data collection from the DP,

XPS and breakdown voltage
tests
Data analysis of biosignals
using hybrid method

Result?

Reprocess
Data Collection
Analysis the results
and findings

End
 Appendix B - Project Gantt chart

2013 2014 2015

Milestone Task Year
7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Study literatures of Kraft insulating

paper, mineral oil and palm oil chemical
1 X X X X X X X X X X X X
structures behavior and electrical
properties.

Preparing the samples and proceed the

2 accelerated thermal aging process X X X X X X
using temperature-controlled oven.

Testing the samples from thermal aging

process using breakdown voltage test.
3 X X X X X X X X X X
Check and spot-on any uncertainties
arise during experimental test.

Analyzing physical and chemical

structure interaction of Palm Oil under
4 X X X X X X X X X X X X
thermal aging using Fourier Transform
InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Measuring the DC and AC Conductivity

of Palm Oil by using Polarization and
5 Depolarization Current (PDC) and X X X X X X X X X X X X
Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy
(FDS) under thermal aging influence

Correlating the Palm Oil chemical

structure interaction and conductivity
6 measurement under thermal aging X X X X X X
influence. Preparing the final report of
research project.
 Appendix C – Milestones and Dates

No Milestone Date

1 The reliability of Palm oil as insulation medium for power transformer is identified August 2013

Palm oil and established insulation oils influence to Kraft insulating paper under accelerated thermal aging
2 March 2014
process is completed

Completion of Palm oil and established insulation oils influence to Kraft insulating paper aging degree and
3 October 2014
molecule structures test

Completion of analyzing physical and chemical structure interaction of Palm Oil under thermal aging using
4 June 2015
Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Completion of DC and AC Conductivity measurement by using Polarization and Depolarization Current

5 September 2015
(PDC) and Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy (FDS) under thermal aging influence

Completion of correlating the Palm Oil chemical structure interaction and conductivity measurement under
6 December 2015
thermal aging influence. Final report of research project is completed.