International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System

IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

Design and Simulation of a Microstrip Slot Antenna for GPS

Application
D Jayasree1, Umesh Kumar2
1 Assistant Professor Of ECE, Aditya College Of Engineering, Madanapalle, (A.P.)
2 Assistant Professor Of ECE & Placement Officer, Aditya College Of
Engineering, Madanapalle, (A.P.)

Abstract:
The main object of this paper is to design Microstrip slot Antenna for GPS Application. It is Omni directional and stable
radiation pattern. Hence rectangular shape antenna can be simulated using ANSOFT HFSS software. Parameters such as
return loss, VSWR and radiation pattern are taken. Micro strip slot antenna becomes very popular day to day because of
easy analysis and fabrication, low cost, light weight, easy fabrication. This paper proposed some shapes using feeding
techniques are which has effective transmission based on frequencies. Micro strip slot antennas offer an attractive solution
compact, conformal and low cost design of many wireless application systems. By increasing the substrate thickness and
decreasing the permittivity of substrate the percentage of band width is increased. HFSS software is used for simulation and
design of micro strip patch antenna where its version is 11.0. HFSS means High Frequency Structure simulator this was
launched by the ANSOFT. In this project, a design of small sized, low profile slot antenna is proposed for GPS applications
at 1.64GHz frequency with coplanar wave guide feeding technique.
Ansoft HFSS employees the Finite Element Method (FEM), adaptive meshing and brilliant graphics to give
unparalled performance and insight to all of the 2D and 3D EM problems. This paper presents a micro strip antenna with
FSS and slotted patch to enhance bandwidth of 1.64GHz simple rectangular Microstrip slot.

I. INTRODUCTION integrates simulation visualization, solid modeling and

Antennas are the basic components of any electrical
system and are connecting the transmitter and receiver
through space as the communicating medium. They play a
vital role in wireless communications. Antennas were used
for the first time, in 1889, by Henrich Hertz (1857-1894)
to prove the existence of electromagnetic waves predicted
by the theory of James Clerk Maxwell.
An antenna (or aerial) is an electrical device which
converts electric currents into radio waves and vice versa.
It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver.
In transmission, a radio transmitter appliesanoscillating
radio frequency electric current to the antenna terminal
and the antenna radiates the energy in the form of
electromagnetic waves. In reception, an antenna intercepts
some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to
produce a tiny voltage at its terminals. This voltage is
amplified and is given to the receiver circuit.
II.HFSS
It understands the antenna concept and analyzing the
performance of micro strip patch antenna. HFSS is a
high performance full wave electromagnetic field
simulator for arbitrary 3D volumetric passive device that
automation is an easy to learn environment where
solutions to your 3D EM problems are quickly and
accurate obtained.
ANSOFT HFSS employs the Finite Element Method
(FEM), adaptive meshing and brilliant graphics to give you
unparalleled performance and insight to all of your 3D EM
problems.
ANSOFT HFSS can be used to calculate parameters such
as S-parameters, resonant frequency and felids.
III. DIFFERENT MATERIALS WE HAVE IN HFSS
The substrate selected for the design of the proposed
antenna is verified by using different materials such as
Epoxy Kevlar, FR4_epoxy, Air and RT/duroid 5880 [5]
and among all these parameters Air substrate produces
high impedance bandwidth as shown in table.1. The
dielectric constant of the material decreases then the
bandwidth will increase we can observe in table.1 and also
we can create our own material in HFSS by mentioning the
relative permittivity, relative permeability, dielectric loss
tangents values.

D Jayasree, Umesh Kumar

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 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

Table 1: Different Bandwidths Obtained For Different Materials B) Coaxial Feed Probe Feed:
Dielectric
Relative
Impedance Coaxial cable is a rounded cable with a center conductor
No Material Loss Band Width and a braided or solid metallic shield, usually copper or
Permittivity
Tangent aluminum. The center conductor is separated from the
1 Air 0 1.0006 42% outer shield by a dielectric, which is usually foam, air or a
Rogers compressed gas such as nitrogen. The shield is covered
2 RT/Duroid 0.0009 2.2 35% with an outer cable sheath.
5880 Micro strip antennas can also be fed from under neath via a
3 Epoxy 0 3.6 24% probe as shown in figure (2). The outer conductor is
FR4 extended up to the patch antenna. The position of the feed
4 0.02 4.4 10%
epoxy can be altered as before to control the input impedance. If
RT/Duroid 5880 and FR4 epoxy are the substrates used the height increases, the coaxial feed introduces an
for the design of the patch antenna. inductance into the feed that may need to be taken into
A) Features of RT/Duriod 5880: consideration. In addition, the probe will also radiate,
 Low electrical loss which can lead to radiation in undesirable directions.
 Isotropic
 Low moisture absorption
 Excellent chemical resistance
 Uniform electrical properties over frequency
 RT DURIOD 5880 laminates are easily cut, sheared
and machine to shape
 Because of its low dissipation factor its
usefulness extends to KU band

IV. FEEDING TECHNIQUES

Feeding techniques are applied to feed or excite an Figure 2: Coaxial Feed/Probe fed
antenna. There are four fundamental techniques used to
feed or excite a micro strip antenna, which are grouped as V. ANTENNA DESIGNS
1) Direct contact The antenna has been designed with dimensions as
 Micro Strip Line Feed furnished in table 4.1. The antenna, after designing through
 Coaxial Feed Probe Feed Ansoft HFSS simulator, the antenna appears as shown in
2) Non-contact figure 5.1. The rectangular patch is indicated with solid
 Aperture Feed rectanglular surface. This patch is used for radiation.
 Proximity Coupled Feed Between the ground plane and the patch, the medium is
A) Micro strip Line Feed: filled with a dielectric substrate of Rogers
In a micro strip slot patch antenna the feed line [6] is the RT/duroid5880(tm) material with dielectric constant 2.2.
capable or other transmission line that connects the antenna
with the transmitter or receiver.
In a transmitting antenna, it feeds the radio frequency current
from the transmitter to the antenna, where it is radiated as
radio waves. In a receiving antenna it transfers the tiny RF
voltage is induced in the antenna by the radio wave to the
receiver. The above figure (1) shows the micro strip line
feed.

Fig 3: Top View of Designed Microstrip slot antenna

D Jayasree, Umesh Kumar

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Figure 1: Micro strip Line
Feed/Edge fed
 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

A) RADIATION PATTERN

The radiation pattern of the designed antenna as a function

of direction is shown in figure 5.2. It can be observed from
the radiation pattern that the designed antenna is
directional and has maximum radiation in two direction.
The radiation pattern is a reception pattern as well, since it
also describes the receiving properties of the antenna. The
radiation characteristics of the designed antenna is
represented by the 2D radiation pattern at Phi=0 deg,
Phi=90 deg for all theta as observed. The patch's radiation Fig 6: Rectangular plot of the Microstrip slot antenna
at the fringing fields results in a certain far field radiation
pattern. This radiation pattern shows that the antenna D) VSWR
radiates more power in a certain direction than another
direction. VSWR indicates the measure of impedance mismatching
between the patch and the feed line. It is recommended to be
close to unity. The voltage standing wave ratio for proposed
antenna is observed to be less than 1.5 i.e. VSWR≤1.5 which
is close to unity. The line assumed at VSWR = 1.01 cuts the
curve at the same frequencies as indicated in return loss plot
providing the same bandwidth mentioned. The VSWR plot
vs. frequency for the proposed antenna is shown below.

Fig 4: Radiation Pattern of the Microstrip slot antenna

B) 3D POLAR PLOT

The 3D polar plot of the Microstrip slot antenna is shown

in the below figure.

Fig 7: VSWR plot of the Microstrip slot antenna

E) GAIN
The gain of an antenna in a given direction is the amount of
energy radiated in that direction compared to the energy an
isotropic antenna would radiate in the same direction when
driven with the same input power. The gain plot for the
proposed antenna is shown above.
Fig 5: 3D polar plot of the Microstrip slot antenna

C) RECTANGULAR PLOT
The rectangular plot of the designed antenna is shown in
figure 5.3. The Plot consists of the return loss as a function
of frequency. The point where the return loss is minimum
is considered as the frequency of operation of that antenna.
For this designed antenna, the operational frequency is
1.64GHz. The return loss, S11= -41.69dB can be
measured from the plot at the centre frequency of 1.64
GHz. Fig 8: Gain plot of the Microstrip slot antenna
D Jayasree, Umesh Kumar
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 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

VI. COMPARISON OF MICROSTRIP SLOT Authors

ANTENNA AND H-SHAPED ANTENNA
D Jayasree received B.Tech from Anna
University, Tamilnadu & M.Tech from
Table 2: Comparison of Different Antennas CMJ University, Meghalaya in
Electronics & Communication branch and
presently working as Assistant Professor
S.no Parameter H- Microstrip in Aditya College of Engineering,
shape slot Madanapalle.
Antenna

1. Return loss(dB) -34dB -41dB Umesh Kumar received B.Tech from

Anna University, Tamilnadu & M.Tech
2. VSWR 1.1 1.01 from A.K.T.U, Lucknow in Electronics &
Communication branch and presently
3. Cut of 1.6GHz 1.64GHz working as Assistant Professor in Aditya
frequency(GHz) College of Engineering, Madanapalle.

4. Gain 8dB 19dB

5. Bandwidth(GHz) 0.1GHz 0.2GHz

6. Directivity 8dB 19dB

REFERENCES:
[1] K. JagadeeshBabu, Dr. K. Sri Rama Krishna, Dr. L.
Pratap Reddy ”A triband swastika shaped
patch antenna with reduced mutual coupling for wireless
MIMO systems”, Journal of Electronics
(china),SPRINGER Vol 28, pg 483-487, Nov,2011.
[2] D. M. Pozar, “Microstrip Antennas”, Proc. IEEE,
vol. 80, no. 1, (1992) January, pp. 79- 81.
[3] F. Caminita, S. Costanzo, G. DiMassa, G.
Guarnieri, S. Maci, G. Mauriello and I. Venneri,
“Reduction ofpatch antenna coupling by using a
compact EBG formed by shorted strips with interlocked
branchstubs”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation
Letters, vol.8, (2009), pp. 811-814.
[4] K. JagadeeshBabu, Dr. K. Sri Rama Krishna, Dr. L.
Pratap Reddy ”A Multi Slot Patch Antenna for 4G
MIMO Communications” International Journal of future
generation communication and networking
Vol.4,No.2,2011.
[5] K. L. Wong, Compact and Broadband Micro strip
Antennas. New York: Wiley, 2002.
[6] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and
Design, 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2005.

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