ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

ASSIGNMENT 2
DEADLINE:WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 06 2019

Instructions:
(1) Each student must individually attempt this assignment.
(2) All students must submit their solved assignments during their respective
section’s lecture on Wednesday November 06 2019. No submissions will be
accepted afterwards.

CLO 3: Analyze the performance of analog communication systems

in the presence of random noise (Blooms taxonomy level: C4)

Random Processes
(1) The random process X(t) is defined by X(t) = Xcos2πf0 t + Y cos2πf1 t,
where X and Y are two zero-mean independent Gaussian random variables
each with the variance σ 2 .
(a) Find mX (t).
(b) Find RX (t + τ, t). Is X(t) stationary?
(c) Find the power spectral density of X(t).
(2) A zero-mean white Gaussian noise process with the power spectral density
of N20 passes through an ideal lowpass filter with bandwidth 10 kHz. Find
the autocorrelation of the output process Y (t).
(3) Assume X(t) is a stationary process with the power spectral density SX (f ).
This process passes through the system shown in Figure1.

Figure 1

(a) Is Y (t) stationary? Why?

(b) What is the power spectral density of Y (t)?.
(c) What frequency components cannot be present in the output process
and why?
(4) X(t) denotes a zero-mean WSS Gaussian random process with PSD
Y f 
−3
SX (f ) = 10 .
400
(a) What is the power in this process?.
1
2 ASSIGNMENT 2 DEADLINE:WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 06 2019

(b) Determine the autocorrelation function, RX (τ ), for this process.

(c) What is the bandwidth of this process?
(d) Assuming that this process passes through an ideal lowpass filter with
a bandwidth of 5 kHz and the output is denoted by Y (t), determine
SY (f ), and the total power in the output process.
(e) Determine the PDF of random variables X(0), X(10−4 ).
Effect of noise on communication system
(5) A certain communication channel is characterized by a 85 dB attenuation
and additive white noise with the power spectral density of N20 = 0.4×10−10
W/Hz. The bandwidth of the message signal is 2 MHz, and its amplitude
is uniformly distributed in the interval [−10, 10]. If we require the SNR
after demodulation be 25 dB, find the necessary transmitter power in each
of the following cases
1. Upper single-sideband (USSB) modulation.
2. Conventional AM with a modulation index of 0.6.
3. DSB-SC modulation.
(6) In a broadcasting communication system, the transmitter power is 30 kW,
the channel attenuation is 70 dB, and the noise power spectral density is
10−8 W/Hz. The message signal has a bandwidth of 103 Hz.
(a) Find the predetection SNR (SNR in r(t) = αu(t) + n(t)).
(b) Find the output SNR index of if the modulation is conventional AM
with a modulation index of 0.8 and has a normalized message power
0.3.
(7) The normalized message signal mn (t) has a bandwidth of 8000 Hz and
power of 0.3 W, and the channel has a bandwidth of 80 kHz and an atten-
uation of 70 dB. The noise is white with PSD 0.3 × 10−10 W/Hz and the
transmitter power is 8 kW.
S


(a) If AM with a = 0.6 is employed, what is N o
?
S


(b) If FM is employed, what is the highest possible N o
?
(8) A normalized message signal has a bandwidth of W = 6 kHz and a power
of PMn = 21 . We must transmit this signal via a channel with an available
bandwidth of 50 kHz and attenuation of 30 dB. The channel noise is additive
and white power spectral density of 10−10 W/Hz.
(a) If we want an SNR of at least 50 dB at the receiver output, what
is the minimum required transmitter power and the corresponding
modulation index?
(b) If the minimum SNR is increased to 70 dB, how would your answer in
Part (a) change?