Jones Understanding Operating Systems Chapter 1

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1. Batch System: a type of computing system that excutes 20. Processor Manager: A composite of two submanagers, the Job
programs, each of which is submitted in its entirety, can be Scheduler and the Process Scheduler, that decides how to
grouped into batches, and is executed without external allocate the CPU
intervention 21. RAM: short for random access memory
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU): a component with circuitry that 22. Real-Time System: a computing system used in time-critical
controls the interpretation and execution of instructions environments that require guaranteed response times
3. Cloud Computing: a multifaceted technology that allows 23. Server: a node that provides clients with various network
computing, data storage and retrieval, and other computer sevices, such as file retrieval, printing, or database access
functions to take place via a large network, Typically the services
interenet
24. Storage: he place where data is stored in the computer system
4. Device Manager: the section of the operating system
25. User Interface: the portion of the operating system that users
responsible for controlling the use of devices,
interact with directly--is one of the most unique and most
5. Embedded System: a dedicated computer system, often small recognizable components of an operating system
and fast, that resides in a larger physical system such as a jet
aircraft or ships
6. File Manager: the section of the operating system responsible
for controlling the use of files
7. Firmware: software instructions, or data, that are stored in a
fixed way, usually implemented on some type of read-only
memory
8. Hardware: the tangible machine and its components
9. Hybrid System: a computer system that supports both batch
and interactive processes
10. Interactive System: a system that allows each userto interact
directly with the operating system
11. Kernel: the rpimary part of the operating system that remains in
random access memory, and is charged with performing the
system's most essential tasks
12. Main Memory (RAM): the memory unit that works directly with
the CPU, and in which the data and instructions must reside in
order to be processsed
13. Memory Manager: the section f the operating system
rsponsible for controlling the use of memory
14. Multiprogramming: a technique that allows a single processor
or process several programs residing simultaneously in main
memory
15. Network: a system of interconnected computer systems and
peripheral devices that exchange information with one another
16. Network Manager: the section of the operating system
responsible for controlling the access to, and use of,
networked resources
17. Operating System: the primary software on a copmuting
system that manages its resources, controls the execution of
other programs, and manages communications and data
storage
18. Process: an instance of a program that is identifiable and
controllable by the operating system
19. Processor: (1) another term for the CPU; (2) any component in a
computing system capable of performing a sequence of
activities.