10/8/2018 Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E.

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- BSc. students
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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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Engine (cylinder) Block

Combustion chamber

Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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Head gasket—Head gaskets provide a seal The fuel tank is the area of storage for fuel. It can
between the cylinder head and the cylinder block.
range in size from a few ounces to several gallons.

water pump radiator

Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

 Combustion Chamber Design

The valves are placed side-by-side Chamber forms a flat pocket over the piston head
The spark plug is located next to the valves Valve heads are almost parallel to the top of the
When the piston reaches TDC, the squish area formed on the piston
thin side of the chamber squirts the air-fuel mixture out into
the main part of the chamber

The valves are canted on each side of the c.c. Similar to a hemispherical chamber
The spark plug is located near the center of the c.c., Has flat, angled surfaces rather than a domed10/8/2018
surface
Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad
producing a very short flame path for- combustion
I.C.E. - BSc. students
Improves volumetric efficiency and reduces emissions
The surface area is very small, reducing heat loss
 Pent Roof Combustion Chamber
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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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Both the intake and exhaust valves are in the block

Both valves are in the cylinder head (I head) Flathead-Model T (L head)
Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018
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There are two basic locations for the engine
camshaft:
Camshaft located in the block
- cam-in-block engine
Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad
Camshaft located in the cylinder
head
- overhead cam (OHC) engine
- I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018
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- OHC engines may use one or two camshafts per

OHV with adjusting cylinder head. Single overhead cam (SOHC) engine uses
screw only one camshaft per cylinder head
- Dual overhead cam (DOHC) engine uses two camshafts
per cylinder head, one cam operates the intake valves,
while the other operates the exhaust valves
Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018
13 OHC with Rockers

Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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The flywheel is mounted at the rear of the

The vibration damper is a heavy wheel crankshaft near the rear main bearing. It
mounted on a rubber ring to control harmonicmade of cast iron (heavy) for low speed
vibration. It consists of two metal rings, the engines and form forged steel or forged
outer inertia ring and the inner sleeve, aluminum for small high speed engines.
The flywheel stores energy from the power
separated by a ring of rubber. The balancer is strokes and smoothly
keyed to the crankshaft snout. This makes the delivers it to the drive train of the vehicle
damper spin with the crankshaft between the engine and the transmission
Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018
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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

Port timing diagram for 2-stroke engine

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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

 Indicated Work
20 Given the cylinder pressure data over the operating
cycle of the engine one can calculate the work done
by the gas on the piston.
Wi   pdV
The indicated work per cycle is

WA > 0

WB < 0

Prof. Dr.Compression
Saad A. El-Sayed hammad
Power- I.C.E. - BSc. students
Exhaust Intake 10/8/2018
W<0 W>0 W<0 W>0
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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

 Power and Torque versus Engine Speed
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Rated brake power

1 kW = 1.341 hp

Max brake torque

Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption vs Size
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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption vs Speed
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Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018

 Performance Maps
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bmep@WOT

Prof. Dr. Saad A. El-Sayed hammad - I.C.E. - BSc. students 10/8/2018