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    21 views148 pages

    Doing Pragmatics Grundy PDF

    Uploaded by

    Alwi Z4sa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 148
    Doing Pragmatics teraripttecom sewers vi Diss the reali of ference the point ori of the 2 Toe lit of ndecaly Seka hgee acon 5 Literal ening nd aes spec ats rec ing Imp mening: Ges hor of conversational inp a Entimet an mpese np mening Ser nd Wis Ream They £2 Reeve theory and dees of derstanding 53 Wap mpcatr? Puree reading cats Preposion 7 Er Buposns ys asamp 2 eon pcm oot Tie Potence ptm 32 Theetone opttones 75 Brown au Levins lof poenos stapes Persea Spesh event ST rte or utorancn in ph vents 12 Comorian apse evs Fone eg Tax ns 3 rags and comerston 32 Mester methce 33 Takand comet 34K postmodern Rete lngngs etapa ed mets acing Tot Mowe [2 The pas of nematic sory of langape Fe exon Doing projet nek in proms Tine tr of ppm osexation 11 Coleg sta 113 Truro neon 118 tenn by Snr Checking andes: and append answers Referees m be bo ™” 26 Preface (and how to get the hest out of this book) Sone stented ta ming prs a Jearing aya ze mzor Imes fone anther. Bene penpals it const of every ter ter he fin premio af peat testo be hat is eally gue Sy he eumple andthe way nh they ae devrbed ser oat ly sah tons sho every talk I cota when ey Smt fr the fn tine, tefosmulFopesemtaion of the examples es ‘Sem ery hallo ats ie oc o, We feale tha the underhying ‘Ges in popatcra ealy very uh inde wheres the uadering Ses in Sntn oven snity so egance tat ake st sce es teat the mew Sy eM sn ae in eng he eon of | ‘ible (uhh appeared in 1955} as To and ese the seve fn {hear speed papa tht teal avery aosnble res of gh ‘sto he secnd stage hen we tve Lo gpple th he more calle Gicshng es ote svond eon, whch ou are ling in out hand tow Ive abo tied to wea the spend so at Dong Pepa No ‘feiss inte pragmatic relevance theory nds ing rom a contenaton sraiepenpetve “Tere are ley number of very gos! papas tatooks avaiable andi ges ssem be appearing a he ie fr his eso Tae recom tended shptrs fom strat of tem athe mppestons fo ter eng ‘thch pu atthe end of euch hater I te Honk ete hope SSA youll fa hat a pense Yenry love Book with a wie hrroge aad tat tse Dang Pragmatic, whi s mean 0 ‘ete aon polignp relation Wherever posse Ihave as ted {ose rea sup oftak tat Tvecoesed ver the Ya rte ‘von invented examples A bok aoa the se of language opt fo work fhe mein his book have ben extensinely tied q tentaton student at Dash, have Been fotanate to have had the Sala yoo anl Wehr toed tm bn ned cat Bec Stem ery lve And ee a at esd raga ey Sie icp an sae to als wap a bv tur tlpoing tot any iin to es ni er Ihnen ene ‘tbe cont sn tn rl and omni gay pao ‘nuove mem ais ‘iam nich ty solid tad and pot sa wae ‘ly wih dla clecion owl wth height eapetaly ARNE AU, 1m i Wino Chan ian ng Std ne knw eh i apo ina one tel pans Teej ks heft ion cme calla tes een nth a) eo poring ee fCserand ws Toe ot onal heel egeons Feesd i wt me te e, e {Sve one aden sou oak sta ma ving + lop Sister lorng smsseg of an sane he et thoy tk The mor sape eh oben ch ae ote NO a Elects asia Arsh cation w he vind loring me toe the ea Se = ‘Salcouates he tame eve a bern sry ora et Proce i bene fom the metus cate of Anke Ushers the prodicton str, a Lym Brown who worked he fia pout well Sin Bnsore a cy eter boa iat seech moe eaened wast sometimes aught proces Napa so aggre thee neh a Ite than th he pcs unc ha oped wath and ss 1S nid by he rg How to get the best out of this book ‘so teat Doing Pots, youl ate that theres 9 oversee fom the yf shor tances inthe ary chapters fo te sy of more “alendronate copter: Isa aly te dt pes tat ‘has: he approach io peognaes onthe ey capi yout a ‘Sow te cna ae nga pgs, You eae heme Tha kn, age the ater chops you eve the abit to hee ler poses ‘dunia ore emp ay You's ste thn etme abi ‘oat with athe eater copie sometnes un ap again i the ate one, This ges yous sere of amily mou ato end in Bu aso stows tha more than one wayofsespoming fr single example en Sno. AS you's, hig sre sys a imp the apt at ‘eh ‘Anh tie in wing this ook has een the ope thal may lp ‘so your or pragmatic. Asexplned elo: here tthe ways ‘hich hs honk overt adecsths mote ‘As you tend trough, youl nd Checking understanding exer at requlrimerals I's important tat sou stomp these enereoes Nok on willie help yout conten your aerating of what you ere bu the seston containing sunset amwer fen feud de whee ‘plement those inthe main teat of the Book. The section contting azeted sowcrs othe Checking understanng excess can be fund fhe hack ofthe boo, Seeing on page 2, Seon a de end f eer chapter fee are umber of Rang Pra wares ete which Youn for youl, ihe ‘ri wor grup. These ae Sestng sesh note oe ‘usa ie eaveropping on convention nd eporing Your figs C0 our cage or wong ens for tomy et pagan Esto thee ats meant to be doable esther Tsk ty Your tat ally, Proje work Cpe 1 conan several supeston boat om ‘be typeof poet and in purtcuar gies aae dat clean trancrponfehnques It Sho conan a ee study ach os Be Sonera dt on te colle snd anaeed heHih of propa iho Hoe th haps wl Repos ning 3 eyo Soa ve ted to make hs Sook & rnd to — 5 i back ad eno er Sant 1° Using and understanding language Vier Some I pat ‘wos oprotacy, erct ein,ece, deere, ate rele, as, mate spe at 1.4 Introduction Ioths fs chapter am going 0 we aout same of the eget of ngage ‘Se that ae of partners pags that) abd ie, At SSvra pins the cpl Tk make suggestions abot the ee ‘Ssocer af pramatcisebich wl lp ou te deine epi te bop by exvesdropping on agent of convert {overheard inthe enor etncen wo ests qocuing up retrace bepaing tthe sede pea (0) What’ your ure by he way Stephen You hve asked my name back doe kom heya al tog bat hey each riehen me in heir ow Whar you mae by he my Fatshy the way sce ar ming Stephon that what he yng now ‘ou gute at ilcvant to wht wn hele se igh be exposed. the 2 ig Praganes ispecies pe fre ta Sin me ely a Wh he Seren nr wo ang yom mae Mea Moh ake the form o's guest ten 9 ee tow pote tn Poe sarc woul ot apes a ves ttosen ppl mor eg sts Sj ely 0 in om alt ae: Why oa th Be ‘hin abd has ol a ‘etn ial soe cyte ou do ta he fat then dhs i doc ot comer ht Spo as aii i ‘nero latin though sel spskie we noted. he has Suge sunt rt ffx on ine ake ae {Red's pst met mo flag Spon oi hero ame. Taine Dees hgh aks om tome neal n'a ah ee Spy ta (rtp de nacht av smthng eo opinand Wl Spe rw Thc'aph conto, anil wa fat sys ve the effet she ttn ‘oul thc natn and ele have een ty ent she hd sl “het sl one cst i oa em ote ow appre # wuld ve fe ath tgs the omens Sete Seperate ey hh a de (hepa ye a i el nn ie “hei su apis orm gi no dot 3 wn at sie ates nk wes er tra ty ‘Spal roi stem id wo fen tran ha f poee ‘Rb from the non he Io es) th knw oe the maa ino hs bi Sach ingens tt fe ai pein th Tr ehhangy hw hw sae en the an prey scihorwa Using and understanding mpeg 3 sero langue ae. Prghtes ant eapsning hw we proce and und sch ee bt apparent fer pc tof engage The sbeyuen chaps os Book we il erent mare dee Checking understanding (1-1) —_______ Bete we move on pesaps you Would Ret ty your han coming sem concsons aout wha ig on ns ample cnvesaton of hed {coming short encange hic ceed when I asked ora pte bed (2) ranges: Do you nly fase this sort es Yah Ua 3, FaRbAGSt They mak you drwy miad eek Ohare thx thr tht dnt 1 yo want chek your ides agaist my sugested answer ok ath anmwer sean sth bck a he ok ee oe ee 7h me 2 ork on mrt He (1) and (2 the mote ou sme sa alka ow they reveal th ines and stges of ee rs thenscven Thi prt iver el ade by Atkinson’ Kiya Ree, ‘to detine pragma tein odo “The Satin ete wan ‘peaks word (seals) mean a wa he spear mph mea ty stots Gt 37). he rt of thi chapter tam ping to dius sme of be features of ‘ltyy language ese ih ae of paar mporanee in page ‘Wien ne ptto tc end ofthe chapter shal he more stemai st ake snamber of oteratios boat he proper af ws utcrnce wie he Sit senponing ar wa hrouph the tint fow chapter a this book ‘Meanie the fest tt cas peepee LLL Appropriaey Not very io go my wie and I Went to ach with moet ups, ou le tha us od both hy moe inporan t work, We hd ink i th ba fist and ordre oa a ods coue the wae ae Ik and anounced that our anh wr ea communion ei oe ai pre. Fou of Ce minutes ro te more important Seabee ‘tthe up| (6) 1k we cold g in now yo tow ereupon we all dy ood up and Begin the aukwad anstn from at "oni rom. The ol tha che owas moment of ecng an stats of speaker this one was uly appro he “sn emery ‘olen wha had the Do habit of yi ()- Ate weal tee at ex th mm» maing wd tt ado fe el ‘Sein tar amor aleseue sf the pon sting mat ober (6) Seat we go and ge ie ‘wherepon the eon ae ily go yp an wa! ook for Hm, "Grehen bapa tr Tsay sl fo anion y tering (6 igh sa we en {eting moteur I sometones pa seer papas bse y (0) May Hops Eng “Tilvays cases moment of somternaton en he tes ik i itr ayes ene ker a But hs ging cables ew fate ew pit at Ney fa Exe te ea wy ‘eattiaa Pasay ye gio Sop Hy the somes pore (know thine dae he rca (6) tine “Tiespnse indi he ec, suing wit mite Eng ahs Theo toying the mor poi expel "Do you sek Ens in ee oarsmen me ake ‘Bil soe sa cyte Uwe th (©). What your ae asin Now that thy bine» compute, hey ask your car amber fat ad the Sta inn tn ome Ba ee ee a (00) What the sunt gain 1 thogh knows hate soul be able to emer ate aude nm fan ent cy aa Wing ae anderstncng anguage 5 ‘ether ie to lle, You ca ey gest wich ofthe flowing teres te won theft morting nd hich he a Yo Be me {propio th send (1) Be iteea or eae (12) Wold you ke tno ae And what isthe mos appropiate way of geting my fing Attralan Ir tothe pt we ant ot has oy omy Bete hey A pe 1o ted and the ml boss ou in reveage formation fhe ‘locsep wher Tin tound tose hem Ayn” I ted te rts le, (0) Hw eo ig f 10 which my tried obliginly replied tu) At ny 8 men Being te scary pr one ed ht hat ma’ wat 1 neat but oon mae eb ted ses athe wlan os peste ‘his hat ae pti Hy, 5 that wae ong hoore hy ad ak (09) Youre ins hay tn since she adnate he omerton he ine, Tad it OK ely (16) No, wet ye Tame oe these fow examples Renu they are medinely recog se sryropcate ways sing language oot usin dane. One of the fester “aProapnige ie ia ino terest to pragmatic opprepiy "elif he who se the thy Se “ie LL2 Now literal or indict meaning ‘As woos ting spre to the ole in wi hy osc, many Se rns inte stn wee ni tee ht he "cra nemnings wer ot te speaker lene thera coe. So (ewe al ee (6) Rit we ea oh purport 1 te gusts in terms ofthe forms in which they are ‘Sree yet bth ey tens to hve ote fnew ned ‘ou bert cow isomeone fost‘ weep” t' el quson od etd with» npr oa ane Bsn saa apy Piaf my Auitaan en to hate rep" Song jute’ fe my et ita Twat Sometimes the Hel caning very GF rnd fm he ni ‘meaning, Thun yo wo hae to fone ss Ie eke proton (17) He om Basa 1a may of sing tht someon upd and using of satya "ly be nite mh os hn i aes a (08) Radio roves dit AND abs is amide ayo ying ta te wining fom a ging {edi gut a eae your slg had An wh the ABE eer (09) Te empoinsroup cl the Fram Asscton ‘he snr ao oui tf wor o cm othe consis the 'BBC was nian net tht id mt sy se he pln By of the Peed Aston nd tat the nae Hesdom Asa Ist ge fae npressn Or what aout the tao ain te Son the ater Weld the dy whe the pu tte European Eschange Rte Mestaton (20) Now neve ALL heen ews hy he Cabinet Goverment Misr whol spe shorty lore ait sng a ‘lasers sng thal the Goer hd ences Head of Depart wo shaved ate ate wh (21) Meanie Peter Grundy as jt ne fh ng. samveston ‘vey eae tay {ike fr onto move rom the ness ong omen ti! amar, usages deriton and mi soot he Do beam indec ayof ecing wo nn ha theo Usage ‘Sb ne a hat indecision gue ma ere ei nee oe meng eyed 113 Inference ‘ne ction worth aking i ow om ting af wor hat appears tahoe # Hcl meaning (or expe fang comes 8090 oe Sadng a indict mating (ew doses We vial ne > ing ad undesansng lguage 7 a nen or oe consis to what te speaker i ining Tocoovey. So although ne ar ot a ater mashing poe lea ot Sloe ting bad a ean work ot ht he conto me ae mot to ow fom the sic on"AND in (08) Raion rms dt AND ers air ay in (09) The campign group ced the Fist Assocation gos a infrenes, Why, ea cused the BBC oot sy The amp oup the Precio Assan or more amghy tl The From Anton? Cala we decider mer fe fling someng tout te tie the Freedom Assad we nr ta ke hy This gps that commonkation i aot merely a mater ofa pear cing thou nggs and sending tot apoken mesg trough Space an weten message om pps t's acer who decodes THs [het ivtcent the rset usta ony dese wht I teed tut daw free sf wh conv Enyond wha sted ‘Sinetesthnerence ge dram mack are mein that ‘he eal mening Hla when oo of my else ad 2) Pesan Nothing remarkable jn ht oe might ink except thatthe sperma ‘oman Here the caning she intone to ontey ma mish ote no ‘aa tha the eral meng of her een Ta fac wen ou tisk At Itisomeone sys smth hat boty te (fr exam, mse 1m aman) or abou fae (for example, » woman ty 2 tn they mat end tr» hden meat Saintes the infrence Just ropa espe that is in we way cl, So hat there speach Ban which pec Selina fod an who cer bags (23) yon wat ek by i Freea Think shoo i! OF tere a cr sbowroom next the ung won ia ich averted parca ea Une ths (28) Upon wants beaper ds, wt the al course ns aso iteresiag notice how ome spears eth when they are speaking mephotely. hey sometimes ned tee the fre 18 Shoop langage reap were» mater of Kral mings that cal be coded nd spats by the speaker and resved tg deed by the ese ith ay nee sing requed UDeard a le example oft ‘nthe Foy programme BB Ratio # when tepid (25) The enerence ade hs erly hlped a Brighton around ©0009 Pragmatics tact evey sans sm a ivan free 0 i he aes (28) Frey ike your new haa Girish des not ven smo mh poi i what pope. wnt ons mn tes oe th seereac gpm cao hom ese mew ‘eprom (2) Ave yo hare Pater dd ik she was aa mex ow a nen 960 wh be Lt ndeterminaey Row ke aan some wae oc Rog tomcines sy-cuniretcmaned™ By ts we mean that om terme ig py sce o ver ifeent posible meanings nd ‘hth rene ne dow dstrine mic ofthese ose eng he ne ihe allesce taketh ake neni Good examples of haere rns to evi ct (22) os man (26) Frets your ew eat and (20 Ae ou tee ater In et of thee cn we nse draw noes that determine whith of amber a aren pose undead the Hh me Tn fe Dok Lnersting Uinrac, Dre inka (19% 8) ve inuresiely tower conto bow unlet tebe the poser Eas hing xsmpn ech ao ey sare the ‘Sine roti se sternined gt ere Het aoe, (2) the tsome ae or Sie fe as 8 “Ther ae my os ross es posses tha ae ly ander {Teemaned Traci iv daapier ms ey ue mene fat fotced in sg Pet me” ice ool Date Sneed sng and understanding enguage 8 butchers sp ae asic ous of sich indeterminacy ow frat i i Th a Fad Bucher cs not 8 amis what 3 Pork athe doe 0 “When te sulpoe The Ans ofthe Nor was fit erect on lip sr Gita od pe appted eng the road whch rn pat THE Imeapeon he oad gn war Angel pring. Were pasing motorists eng es theresa ag puking? Or Bat tee Wa pring ple Ter anget? Ort tae ms place where mors could pot ow he ‘pie ofa ange word pe ead won, bat hgh eld aor i ho {the meaning 3 ld phar camat be: termined by olny: Sas. nae fe the endo fv whereas eS per cn eta Jie 30 pr cnt ex's ex, Tnemy copay an exer examines, Kone found mysl wing cvaminars ltr which rereting I tam contin one pare (29) Tere must herfore Be avery god ene fr not allowing anyone posed o Yess “Te wordt pve he osha ly anyone” it wat mento mean ura person sber tan ery oom sia eblem cas with “de cam tht wan fn mid-week nt Errionin ihe following sentence ich "head on BBC Radio Tay programe (00) Wimbledon a ping he a ha won in midweek at Everton Were Winbeom t lay sn the et tat won a Eero? Or ae they Seemann este an ined the me pat rnc a a tren neta expeece ofthis Ima a the tine mbes nt oie Gan ad Was ope son ine ‘ny Germ couse: Arming ys with pase book 908 ed eal | Inopised conieoe, Took Me of Wo afar for a drink Altboogh ‘Soe toner ny nt oer wth some sco, wa a rc wih The seco one, ivoedconsitng my phase Book forthe German ‘ord for ant Gogh anher endteminne between nh he ‘Sn and aoe aire bu German hese to noone te repented { uilret expense esples why when T thought Twa eng Sno berth human gave me a vty Sty 10k ah Ber tat wat

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