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1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method determines the fatigue behavior of bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
polymer matrix composite materials subjected to tensile cyclic
2. Referenced Documents
loading. The composite material forms are limited to
continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber reinforced composites 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
for which the elastic properties are specially orthotropic with D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
respect to the test direction. This test method is limited to D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Poly-
unnotched test specimens subjected to constant amplitude mer Matrix Composite Materials
uniaxial in-plane loading where the loading is defined in terms D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
of a test control parameter. D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
1.2 This test method presents two procedures where each
Composite Materials
defines a different test control parameter.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.2.1 Procedure A—A system in which the test control
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
parameter is the load (stress) and the machine is controlled so
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant
someter Systems
amplitude load cycles. In this procedure, the test control
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
parameter may be described using either engineering stress or
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
applied load as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.
Lot or Process
1.2.2 Procedure B—A system in which the test control
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
parameter is the strain in the loading direction and the machine
ASTM Test Methods
is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
constant amplitude strain cycles. In this procedure, the test
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
control parameter may be described using engineering strain in
namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
the loading direction as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.
E739 Practice for Statistical Analysis of Linear or Linearized
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (ε-N) Fatigue Data
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining Force Application
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
E1823 defines terms relating to fatigue. Terminology D883
defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on
2
Lamina and Laminate Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3479/D3479M – 96 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D3479_D3479M-12. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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load until reaching the desired mean load (stress), in other The Weibull distribution cumulative function for fatigue life
words, the set point, and slowly increasing the load (stress) may be given by
amplitude, in other words, the span, until the desired peak and
valley values are obtained. In this approach a fatigue loading
transition occurs between the no load condition and when the
F ~ N ! 5 1 2 exp 2 F S DG
N
α β
(2)
loading reaches the desired peak and valley values. The One method of determining the Weibull scale and shape
number of loading cycles corresponding to this transition shall parameters, α and β, is the maximum likelihood technique.7
be reported. 12.2 S-N curve, ε-N curve—As described in Practice E739.
11.2.2 Direct Loading—This approach of transitioning load
to the specimen consists of quasi-statically increasing the load 13. Report
to the minimum load (stress) followed by immediate cycling
13.1 The report shall include the following:
between maximum and minimum load using a haversine wave
13.1.1 The revision level or date of issue of this test method
form. This approach eliminates the fatigue loading transition
and any variations to this test method, anomalies noticed
associated with amplitude loading and is only possible with
during testing, or equipment problems occurring during testing.
modern signal generators and controllers.
13.1.2 The date(s) and location(s) of the test and the names
11.2.3 Strain Measurement—If strain is to be monitored, of the test operator(s).
attach a suitable strain monitoring device as specified and 13.1.3 Identification of the material tested including: mate-
record method of attachment. rial specification, material type, material designation, and form
11.2.4 Monitoring Load—Following the fatigue loading or weave.
transition, the peak and valley load values should be monitored 13.1.4 Description of the fabrication including: cure cycle
periodically. If required, the settings of load controller should and consolidation method.
be adjusted to achieve the desired loading. It is common for the 13.1.5 Average ply thickness of the material.
peak and valley load values to drift during fatigue loading due 13.1.6 Results of any non-destructive evaluation tests.
to changes in compliance of the specimen. Report instances in 13.1.7 Method of preparing the test specimen including:
which the loading was not within 2 % of the desired peak and specimen labeling scheme and method; specimen geometry;
valley values. sampling method; coupon cutting method; identification of tab
11.3 Procedure B—These procedures apply for the case in geometry; tab material; and tab adhesive used.
which the test control parameter is the axial strain. This 13.1.8 Description of test equipment including: test ma-
procedure utilizes the same load transition approaches as chine; grips; jaws; grip pressure; alignment results; data
discussed in Procedure A except that constant amplitude acquisition sampling rate and equipment type; calibration dates
loading is defined by the maximum strain, minimum strain, and methods for all measurement and test equipment.
mean strain, and strain amplitude. 13.1.9 Description of specimens including: number of
11.3.1 Strain Measurement—Attach an extensometer to the specimens tested; dimensions of each specimen; stacking
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specimen and configure its output signal such that the testing sequence of the laminate; and the mean specimen thickness.
system may measure and adjust axial strain applied to the 13.1.10 Description of environmental conditions including:
specimen. Record the method of attachment. relative humidity and temperature of the testing laboratory and,
if used, of the test machine environmental chamber.
NOTE 5—The user is cautioned that slight movement of the extensom- 13.1.11 Description of the loading including: test control
eter due to slipping, vibration, or other such means may result in sudden parameter; frequency; wave form; average number of fatigue
specimen failure.
loading transition cycles; and instances in which the loading
11.3.2 Monitoring Strain—Following the fatigue loading was not within 2 % of the desired peak and valley values.
transition, the peak and valley strain values shall be monitored 13.1.12 Whether Procedure A or Procedure B was used and
periodically and adjusted to achieve the desired loading. the type and method of attachment of load or strain control and
Report instances in which the strain was not within 2 % of the data acquisition equipment used.
desired peak and valley values.
7
12. Calculation Talreja, R., “Estimation of Weibull Parameters for Composite Material Strength
and Fatigue Life Data,” Fatigue of Fibrous Composite Materials, ASTM STP 723,
12.1 Fatigue Life Distribution: American Society for Testing Materials, 1981, pp. 291–311.
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