2 Mechatronics & Control Engineering Department, UET, Lahore . Lab Manual #11 ‘Title: Proximity Sensing with Electropneumatic Application Objective: |. Describe the construction, principles and application of capacitive proximity sensor Appa rats Compressor, Se ice unit, manifold, solenoid operated directional control valve, double acting cylinder, limit s itches, electrical switches, electrical power supply, electrical contactors Introduction Proximity sensors are used widely in industial applications for detecting machine pans, Positions, counting parts and initiating star-stop operations. This manual explores the use such proximity sensors in an electropneumatic application ‘Two Cylinders are used to transfer parts from a magazine onto a chute. When a push button is pressed, the first cylinder extends, pushing the part from the magazine and positions it in Preparation for the transfer by the second cylinder onto the out-feed chute. Once the part is \ransferred, the first cylinder retracts, together with the second. Design a sequential electro pneumatic circuit Figure 12.1 Port feeding application ‘The capacitive proximity sensors Capacitive proximity sensors detect a change in capacitance in front of the sensor detection. area, As the name suggests, capacitive proximity sensors operate by noting a change in the capacitance read by the sensor. A typical capacitor consists of two conductive elements (sometimes called plates) separated by some kind of insulating material that can be one of many different types including ceramic, plastic, paper, or other materials. Lab Manual for the Course of Instrumentation & MeasurementspS Mechatronics & control Engineering Department, UE, Lahore ‘Sensor electrodes Alyse. Oscillator Adjustment ma etter | LP sere! LT Soin P output stage Figure 11.2: Copactiv provimity sensors Fig 11.2 shows the construction and electrical circuit arrangement for an industrial proximity sensor. The way a capacitive proximity sensor works is that one of the conductive elements, or plates, is inside the sensor itself while the other one is the object to be sensed. The internal plate is connected to an oscillator circuit that generates an electric field. The air gap between the internal plate and the external object serves as the insulator or dielectric material, When an object is present, that changes the capacitance value and registers as the presences of the object. Practical Performance Task 1: Place the circuit as explained by the instructor in accordance with the application given in fig 11.1. This creates a sequential circuit for the operaiton of the eylinders 1A and 2A for the part feeding mechanism. 1. Displacement Step Diagram (Timing) 4A 2A Lab Manual for the Course of Instrumentation & Measurementsfe S Mechatronics & Control Engineering Department, UET, Lahore 2, Pneumatie Dingram: 4A aN2 3, Hlectrieal Diagram: ee Lab Manual for the Course of Instrumentation & Measurementssv Mechatronics & Control Engineering Department, UET, Lahore REVIEW QUESTIONS: QU: How does adding electronics into pneumatic circuits help with the desired operation? (Q2: What kind of materials can be detected using capacitive proximity sensors? QB: Write down two industrial applications where you think capacitive sensors are used, Lab Manual for the Course of Instrumentation & Measurements2, ‘fe Se 52 Mechatronics & contro} Engineering Department, UET, Lahore Lab Manual 4 12 Title: Proximity Sensing with Electtopneum tie Application -IT Objective: i, Deseribe the construction, principles ‘and application of inductive proximity sensors. Apparatus Compressor, Service unit, m; cylinder, inductive contactors anifold, solenoid operated directional control valve, doubl Proximity sensors, electrical switches, electri acting trical power supply, el Introduction Proximity sensors are used widely in industil applications for detecting machine parts, Positions, counting parts and initiating star-stop operations. This manual explores the use of such proximity sensors in an electropneumatic application, Design an Blectro-Pneumatic system to cut paper sheets according to size. By pressing two Pushbutton switches the cutting blade is advanced and the sheet of paper is cut. After releasing any one of pushbutton switch the cutting blade is returned to its start position. The blade should hold its extended position until a third push button is pressed. Figure 12.1: Sheet cutting oplcaion inductive proximity sensors eens aes on the basis of Faraday'a Law, ‘One way i state Faroday's Law 7 that a change in magnetic flux in a coil of wire will induce a voltage in a nearby coil. This is applied in inductive proximity senses in the following way: The sensor itself conains an il suit and a coil from which an electromagnetic field radiates out and induces eddy ena yearby metallic objects. The eddy currents have the effect of attenuating the soutTedona fromthe npr, Tha reduction in omcilatioa is rgitred asthe presene of metallic object. Lab Manual for the Course of Instrumentation & MeasurementsTit. Leeann ‘Zo Ss Mechatronics & Control Engineering Department, UET, Lahore Because only metallic obj i jects have inductive properties, inducti td , inductive sensi 't be detect plastic or cardboard or othe ic objects. However, diferent ; re i metals have 0 ig sensed will influence the sensing ‘materials like steel generally have the longest sensing etals su ch i : : distnees 38 aluminum or copper have much shorter sensing Trigger level Sensing Signal converter Figure 12.2: inductive proximity sensors Fig 12.2 shows the construction and electrical circuit arrangement for an inductive proximity sensor. ‘The way a capacitive proximity sensor works is that one of the conductive elements, or plates, is inside the sensor itself while the other one is the object to be sensed, The internal plate is connected to an oscillator circuit that generates an electric field. The air gap between the internal plate and the external object serves as the insulator or dielectric material. When an object is present, that changes the capacitance value and registers as the presences of the object. Practical Performance ‘Task 1: Place the circuit as explained by the instructor in accordance with the application given in fig 12.1. This creates a logic circuit for the operaiton of the cylinder 1A for the sheet cutting machine. Notice that the requirement for the two button actuation has a safety reason behind it, The operator is required to use both his hands to actuate the cutting mechanism so that he accidentaly does not cut himself during the work. The extexted position of the cylinder is detected using an inductive proximity sensor. Lab Manual for the Course of Instrumentation & Measurements ax ss Mechatronics & Control Engineering Dej L. Pneumatic partment, UET, Lahore Diagram: Wi 2. Electrical Diagram: Working: Lab Manual for the Course of Instrumentation & Measurements2s NSF Mechatronics & control Engineering Department, UET, Lahore REVIEW QUESTIONS: QL: What other proximity sensors can be used in this situation? i imit it sensors. QO: Write one advantage of inductive proximity sensors over capacitive Lab Manual for the Course of Instrumentation & Measurements