The four basic financial statements

A complete set of financial statements is used to give readers an overview of the financial results and condition of a

business. The financial statements are comprised of four basic reports, which are as follows:

 Income statement. Presents the revenues, expenses, and profits/losses generated during the reporting

period. This is usually considered the most important of the financial statements, since it presents the operating

results of an entity.

 Balance sheet. Presents the assets, liabilities, and equity of the entity as of the reporting date. Thus, the

information presented is as of a specific point in time. The report format is structured so that the total of all assets

equals the total of all liabilities and equity (known as the accounting equation). This is typically considered the

second most important financial statement, since it provides information about the liquidity and capitalization of an

organization.

 Statement of cash flows. Presents the cash inflows and outflows that occurred during the reporting period.

This can provide a useful comparison to the income statement, especially when the amount of profit or loss reported

does not reflect the cash flows experienced by the business. This statement may be presented when issuing financial

statements to outside parties.

 Statement of retained earnings. Presents changes in equity during the reporting period. The report format

varies, but can include the sale or repurchase of shares, dividend payments, and changes caused by reported profits

or losses. This is the least used of the financial statements, and is commonly only included in the audited financial

statement package.

When the financial statements are issued internally, the management team usually only sees the income statement and

balance sheet, since these documents are relatively easy to prepare.

The four basic financial statements may be accompanied by extensive disclosures that provide additional information

about certain topics, as defined by the relevant accounting framework (such as generally accepted accounting

principles).

Related Courses

The Balance Sheet 

The Income Statement 

The Statement of Cash Flows 

Have you ever walked blissfully unaware into a conversation about a recent pop-culture event you managed to miss? You probably spent most of your
time smiling and trying to fake your way through it as others are throwing around unfamiliar terms and references.

Not a fun experience.

This uncomfortable feeling can be replicated in any industry. Knowing the lingo is an entry-point into the inner circle—an indicator that you truly belong.
So if you’re starting to think about pursuing a career in accounting, your first step is to familiarize yourself with some of the basic accounting terms,
acronyms and abbreviations out there.
Because of the confusing credentials, different accounting myths and these industry terms, it’s not uncommon for people to think working in
accounting is inaccessible when really it just has its own unique language. Knowing how to “talk the talk” will allow you to quickly shift your focus in the
classroom beyond accounting terms and toward the techniques you’ll use in an accounting career.

It's time to roll up those sleeves and build your accounting vocabulary. To help with this, we've compiled an assortment of basic financial terms and
acronyms and created a simple accounting glossary for beginners.

Basic accounting terms, acronyms, abbreviations and concepts to remember

Check out these basic accounting terms and start to commit them to memory. That way, when you start your degree journey, you’ll already feel like
you’re a step ahead and speaking the language.

1. Accounts receivable (AR)

Accounts receivable (AR) definition: The amount of money owed by customers or clients to a business after goods or services have been delivered
and/or used.

2. Accounting (ACCG)

Accounting (ACCG) definition: A systematic way of recording and reporting financial transactions for a business or organization.

3. Accounts payable (AP)

Accounts payable (AP) definition: The amount of money a company owes creditors (suppliers, etc.) in return for goods and/or services they have
delivered.

4. Assets (fixed and current) (FA, CA)

Assets (fixed and current) definition:Current assets (CA) are those that will be converted to cash within one year. Typically, this could be cash, inventory
or accounts receivable. Fixed assets (FA) are long-term and will likely provide benefits to a company for more than one year, such as a real estate, land or
major machinery.

5. Asset classes

Asset class definition: An asset class is a group of securities that behaves similarly in the marketplace. The three main asset classes are equities or stocks,
fixed income or bonds, and cash equivalents or money market instruments.

6. Balance sheet (BS)

Balance sheet (BS) definition: A financial report that summarizes a company's assets (what it owns), liabilities (what it owes) and owner or shareholder
equity ;at a given time.

7. Capital (CAP)

Capital (CAP) definition: A financial asset or the value of a financial asset, such as cash or goods. Working capital is calculated by taking your current
assets subtracted from current liabilities—basically the money or assets an organization can put to work.

8. Cash flow (CF)

Cash flow (CF) definition: The revenue or expense expected to be generated through business activities (sales, manufacturing, etc.) over a period of time.

9. Certified public accountant (CPA)

Certified public accountant (CPA) definition: A designation given to an accountant who has passed a standardized CPA exam and met government-
mandated work experience and educational requirements to become a CPA.

10. Cost of goods sold (COGS)

Cost of goods sold (COGS) definition: The direct expenses related to producing the goods sold by a business. The formula for calculating this will depend
on what is being produced, but as an example this may include the cost of the raw materials (parts) and the amount of employee labor used in
production.
11. Credit (CR)

Credit (CR) definition: An accounting entry that may either decrease assets or increase liabilities and equity on the company's balance sheet, depending
on the transaction. When using the double-entry accounting method there will be two recorded entries for every transaction: A credit and a debit.

12. Debit (DR)

Debit (DR) definition: An accounting entry where there is either an increase in assets or a decrease in liabilities on a company's balance sheet.

13. Diversification

Diversification definition: The process of allocating or spreading capital investments into varied assets to avoid over-exposure to risk.

14. Enrolled agent (EA)

Enrolled agent (EA) definition: A tax professional who represents taxpayers in matters where they are dealing with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

15. Expenses (fixed, variable, accrued, operation) (FE, VE, AE, OE)

Expenses (FE, VE, AE, OE) definition: The fixed, variable, accrued or day-to-day costs that a business may incur through its operations.

 Fixed expenses (FE): payments like rent that will happen in a regularly scheduled cadence.
 Variable expenses (VE): expenses, like labor costs, that may change in a given time period.
 Accrued expense (AE): an incurred expense that hasn’t been paid yet.
 Operation expenses (OE): business expenditures not directly associated with the production of goods or services—for example, advertising
costs, property taxes or insurance expenditures.

16. Equity and owner's equity (OE)

Equity and owner's equity (OE) definition: In the most general sense, equity is assets minus liabilities. An owner’s equity is typically explained in terms of
the percentage of stock a person has ownership interest in the company. The owners of the stock are known as shareholders.

17. Insolvency

Insolvency definition: A state where an individual or organization can no longer meet financial obligations with lender(s) when their debts come due.

18. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)

Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) definition: A set of rules and guidelines developed by the accounting industry for companies to
follow when reporting financial data. Following these rules is especially critical for all publicly traded companies.

19. General ledger (GL)

General ledger (GL) definition: A complete record of the financial transactions over the life of a company.

20. Trial balance

Trial balance definition: A business document in which all ledgers are compiled into debit and credit columns in order to ensure a company’s
bookkeeping system is mathematically correct.

21. Liabilities (current and long-term) (CL, LTL)

Liabilities (current and long-term) definition: A company's debts or financial obligations incurred during business operations. Current liabilities (CL) are
those debts that are payable within a year, such as a debt to suppliers. Long-term liabilities (LTL) are typically payable over a period of time greater than
one year. An example of a long-term liability would be a multi-year mortgage for office space.

22. Limited liability company (LLC)

Limited liability company (LLC) definition: An LLC is a corporate structure where members cannot be held accountable for the company’s debts or
liabilities. This can shield business owners from losing their entire life savings if, for example, someone were to sue the company.
23. Net income (NI)

Net income (NI) definition: A company's total earnings, also called net profit. Net income is calculated by subtracting total expenses from total revenues.

24. Present value (PV)

Present value (PV) definition: The current value of a future sum of money based on a specific rate of return. Present value helps us understand how
receiving $100 now is worth more than receiving $100 a year from now, as money in hand now has the ability to be invested at a higher rate of
return. See an example of the time value of money here.

25. Profit and loss statement (P&L)

Profit and loss statement (P&L) definition: A financial statement that is used to summarize a company’s performance and financial position by reviewing
revenues, costs and expenses during a specific period of time, such as quarterly or annually.

26. Return on investment (ROI)

Return on investment (ROI) definition: A measure used to evaluate the financial performance relative to the amount of money that was invested. The
ROI is calculated by dividing the net profit by the cost of the investment. The result is often expressed as a percentage. See an example here.

27. Individual retirement account (IRA, Roth IRA)

Individual retirement account (IRA) definition: IRAs are savings vehicles for retirement. A traditional IRA allows individuals to direct pre-tax dollars
toward investments that can grow tax-deferred, meaning no capital gains or dividend income is taxed until it is withdrawn, and, in most cases, it’s tax
deductible. Roth IRAs are not tax-deductible; however, eligible distributions are tax-free, so as the money grows, it is not subject to taxes upon with-
drawls.

28. 401K & Roth 401K

401k & Roth 401k definition: A 401K is a savings vehicle that allows an employee to defer some of their compensation into an investment-based
retirement account. The deferred money is usually not subject to tax until it is withdrawn; however, an employee with a Roth 401K can make
contributions after taxes. Additionally, some employers chose to match the contributions made by their employees up to a certain percentage.

29. Subchapter S corporation (S-CORP)

Subchapter S corporation (S-CORP) definition: A form of corporation (that meets specific IRS requirements) and has the benefit of being taxed as a
partnership versus being subject to the “double taxation” of dividends with public companies.

30. Bonds and coupons (B&C)

Bonds and coupons (B&C) definition: A bond is a form of debt investment and is considered a fixed income security. An investor, whether an
individual, company, municipality or government, loans money to an entity with the promise of receiving their money back plus interest. The “coupon” is
the annual interest rate paid on a bond.

Balance Sheet Terms

The Balance Sheet is one of the two most common financial statements produced by accountants. This section pertains to potentially
confusing terms that relate to the balance sheet.

1. Accounts Payable (AP)

Accounts Payable include all of the expenses that a business has incurred but has not yet paid. This account is recorded as a liability on the
Balance Sheet as it is a debt owed by the company.

2. Accounts Receivable (AR)

Accounts Receivable include all of the revenue (sales) that a company has provided but has not yet collected payment on. This account is on
the Balance Sheet, recorded as an asset that will likely convert to cash in the short-term.

3. Accrued Expense 
An expense that been incurred but hasn’t been paid is described by the term Accrued Expense.
4. Asset (A)
Anything the company owns that has monetary value. These are listed in order of liquidity, from cash (the most liquid) to land (least liquid).

5. Balance Sheet (BS)

A financial statement that reports on all of a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity. As suggested by its name, a balance sheet abides by
the equation <Assets = Liabilities + Equity>.

6. Book Value (BV) 

As an asset is depreciated, it loses value. The Book Value shows the original value of an Asset, less any accumulated Depreciation.

7. Equity (E) 
Equity denotes the value left over after liabilities have been removed. Recall the equation Assets = Liabilities + Equity. If you take your Assets
and subtract your Liabilities, you are left with Equity, which is the portion of the company that is owned by the investors and owners.

8. Inventory 
Inventory is the term used to classify the assets that a company has purchased to sell to its customers that remain unsold. As these items are
sold to customers, the inventory account will lower.

9. Liability (L) 
All debts that a company has yet to pay are referred to as Liabilities. Common liabilities include Accounts Payable, Payroll, and Loans.

Income Statement Terms

The Income Statement AKA Profit and Loss Statement is the second of the two common financial statements. These are the terms that are
most commonly used in reference with this reporting tool.
10. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) 
Cost of Goods Sold are the expenses that directly relate to the creation of a product or service. Not included in this category are those costs
that are needed to run the business. An example of COGS would be the cost of Materials, or the Direct Labor to provide a service.

11. Depreciation (Dep)

Depreciation is the term that accounts for the loss of value in an asset over time. Generally, an asset has to have substantial value in order to
warrant depreciating it. Common assets to be depreciated are automobiles and equipment. Depreciation appears on the Income Statement
as an expense and is often categorized as a “Non-Cash Expense” since it doesn’t have a direct impact on a company’s cash position.

12. Expense (Cost)

An Expense is any cost incurred by the business.

Learn more about personal vs. business expenses here.

13. Gross Margin (GM)
Gross Margin is a percentage calculated by taking Gross Profit and dividing by Revenue for the same period. It represents the profitability of
a company after deducting the Cost of Goods Sold.

14. Gross Profit (GP)

Gross Profit indicates the profitability of a company in dollars, without taking overhead expenses into account. It is calculated by subtracting
the Cost of Goods Sold from Revenue for the same period.

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15. Income Statement (Profit and Loss) (IS or P&L)

The Income Statement (often referred to as a Profit and Loss, or P&L) is the financial statement that shows the revenues, expenses, and
profits over a given time period. Revenue earned is shown at the top of the report and various costs (expenses) are subtracted from it until all
costs are accounted for; the result being Net Income.
16. Net Income (NI)
Net Income is the dollar amount that is earned in profits. It is calculated by taking Revenue and subtracting all of the Expenses in a given
period, including COGS, Overhead, Depreciation, and Taxes.

17. Net Margin

Net Margin is the percent amount that illustrates the profit of a company in relation to its Revenue. It is calculated by taking Net Income and
dividing it by Revenue for a given period.

18. Revenue (Sales) (Rev)

Revenue is any money earned by the business.
General Terms
Of course, there are those accounting terms that don’t pertain to a particular financial statement. For those, we’ve reserved the “general”
category.

19. Accounting Period

An Accounting Period is designated in all Financial Statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Cash Flows). The
period communicates the span of time that is reported in the statements.

20. Allocation
The term Allocation describes the procedure of assigning funds to various accounts or periods. For example, a cost can be Allocated over
multiple months (like in the case of insurance) or Allocated over multiple departments (as is often done with administrative costs for
companies with multiple divisions).

21. Business (or Legal) Entity

This is the legal structure, or type, of a business. Common company formations include Sole Proprietor, Partnership, Limited Liability Corp
(LLC), S-Corp and C-Corp. Each entity has a unique set of requirements, laws, and tax implications.

22. Cash Flow (CF)

Cash Flow is the term that describes the inflow and outflow of cash in a business. The Net Cash Flow for a period of time is found by taking
the Beginning Cash Balance and subtracting the Ending Cash Balance. A positive number indicates that more cash flowed into the business
than out, where a negative number indicates the opposite.
23. Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
CPA is a professional designation that an accountant can earn by passing the CPA exam and fulfilling the requirements for both education
and work experience, which vary by state.

24. Credit
A credit is an increase in a liability or equity account, or a decrease in an asset or expense account.

25. Debit
A debit is an increase in an asset or expense account, or a decrease in a liability or equity account.

26. Diversification
Diversification is a method of reducing risk. The goal is to allocate capital across a multitude of assets so that the performance of any one
asset doesn’t dictate the performance of the total.
27. Enrolled Agent (EA)
An Enrolled Agent is a professional accounting designation assigned to professionals who have successfully passed tests showcasing
expertise in business and personal taxes. Enrolled Agents are generally sought out to complete business tax filings to ensure compliance
with the IRS.

28. Fixed Cost (FC)

A Fixed Cost is one that does not change with the volume of sales. For example, rent and salaries won’t change if a company sells more.
The opposite of a Fixed Cost is a Variable Cost.

29. General Ledger (GL)

A General Ledger is the complete record of a company’s financial transactions. The GL is used in order to prepare all of the Financial
Statements.

30. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

These are the rules that all accountants abide by when performing the act of accounting. These general rules were established so that it is
easier to compare ‘apples to apples’ when looking at a business’s financial reports.

31. Interest
Interest is the amount paid on a loan or line of credit that exceeds the repayment of the principal balance.

32. Journal Entry (JE)

Journal Entries are how updates and changes are made to a company’s books. Every Journal Entry must consist of a unique identifier (to
record the entry), a date, a debit/credit, an amount, and an account code (that determines which account is altered).

33. Liquidity
A term referencing how quickly something can be converted into cash. For example, stocks are more liquid than a house since you can sell
stocks (turning it into cash) more quickly than real estate.

34. Material
Material is the term that refers whether information influences decisions. For example, if a company has revenue in the millions of dollars, an
amount of $0.50 is hardly material. GAAP requires that all Material considerations must be disclosed.

35. On Credit/On Account

A purchase that happens On Credit or On Account is a purchase that will be paid at a future time, but the buyer gets to enjoy the benefit of
that purchase immediately. “Bartender, put it on my tab…”

36. Overhead
Overhead are those Expenses that relate to running the business. They do not include Expenses that make the product or deliver the
service. For example, Overhead often includes Rent, and Executive Salaries.

37. Payroll
Payroll is the account that shows payments to employee salaries, wages, bonuses, and deductions. Often this will appear on the Balance
Sheet as a Liability that the company owes if there is accrued vacation pay or any unpaid wages.

38. Present Value (PV)

Present Value is a term that refers to the value of an Asset today, as opposed to a different point in time. It is based on the theory that cash
today is more valuable than cash tomorrow, due to the concept of inflation.

39. Receipts
A Receipt is a document that proves payment was made. A business produces receipts when it provides its product or service and it receives
receipts when it pays for goods and services from other businesses. Received Receipts should be saved and catalogued so that a company
can prove that its incurred expenses are accurate.
40. Return on Investment (ROI)
Originally, this term referred to the profit that a company was making (Return), divided by the Investment required. Today, the term is used
more loosely to include returns on various projects and objectives. For example, if a company spent $1,000 on marketing, which produced
$2,000 in profit, the company could state that it’s ROI on marketing spend is 50%.

41. Trial Balance (TB)

Trial Balance is a listing of all accounts in the General Ledger with their balance amount (either debit or credit). The total debits must equal
the total credits, hence the balance.
42. Variable Cost (VC)
These are costs that change with the volume of sales and are the opposite of Fixed Costs. Variable costs increase with more sales because
they are an expense that is incurred in order to deliver the sale. For example, if a company produces a product and sells more of that
product, they will require more raw materials in order to meet the increase in demand.

who take note of local tax regulations and comply with or offer
requirements that are consistent with local, state, and federal taxes. They
are the ones who turn to financial advice, suggest beneficial practices to
practice, and recommend the right financial principles for implementing a
company mindset.

How do you analyze a financial statement?

What are the financial statement forms?
One piece of advice that anyone can hear is to take care of our money. It's
easy to spend carelessly, so there are a few steps taken to make sure it's
safe. One way a person can keep their money in mind is to prepare an
income statement.
Many sources can make money or be wasted. Our wallets can come in and
out of various ways, making it difficult to keep up on a daily, monthly or
yearly basis. When someone is using the statement form, they begin to
adopt an organizational approach to their financial affairs.
What is a Financial Statement?
A financial statement is a formal document that the accounting or finance
department handles when they wish to record and take note of a
company's financial performance. Any transaction, expense, or money
received can be found in a financial statement form.
A financial analyst can use this information document to evaluate a
company's financials, to see what steps need to be taken immediately to
improve, and be able to predict what will happen next. How is the
company's financial performance in a month, quarter or year? There are
four types of financing that a person can use, namely a statement of
financial status, a statement of income, a statement of cash flows, and a
statement of changes in equity.
What is a Financial Statement Analysis?
If a company executive calls for their financial performance, a financial
analyst will analyze their financial statements. When a therapist wants to
create a client's mental health background, they use counseling statement
forms. The same is true in financial statement analysis. In this analysis,
financial statements are the basis of the form analysis process.
Financial statement analysis is a process that goes through, and evaluates
the financial statements of a company. This analysis enables company
executives, employers, and employees to make better decisions and take
more effective steps, resulting in improved financial performance for the
company.
What is the role of a Financial Accountant?
The person who holds the honor of a financial accountant is considered an
important employee of the company. Any financial assistance forms, such
as an affidavit form, income statement form, and cash flow statement are
sent on their instruction. The financial accountant's job is to monitor the
financial duties and activities of the company.
Another role that is fulfilled by a financial accountant is the performance
of financial statement analysis. The financial statement analysis may
involve a number of techniques to obtain broad coverage of all financial
aspects of the company.
Trend analysis is a technique that is being used. This type of analysis helps
the financial manager of the company determine the probability of good
or bad performance of the company. The result of the trend analysis is
based on historical data that is described in the company's financial
statements.
General statement financial statement analysis is another technique used
during financial statement analysis. This type of analysis is done by
analyzing the company's balance sheet and revenue statements. From
these statements, a percentage of a company's sales and its total assets
can be derived from their data. Getting a percentage of the data collected
makes it easy for the financial manager or accountant to prepare their
own interpretation.
Financial accountants also use benchmarking in the analysis process, which
is done by comparing a company's financial performance. This helps to
discover who is performing better and who is not.
How are financial statements useful in a business?
Finance can be considered as a foundation that stops business together
and helps them stay in the industry for a long time. The use of business
financial statement forms helps businesses gain access to their financial
affairs in a systematic and systematic way. Managing financial matters and
becoming more aware of business performance can impact owners in
taking action to obtain the best financial statement they provide.
Financial statements can be effective for business partners and their
clients. These business partners and consumers are more and more
informed about refunds and service assurance when they check business
finance forms.
Difference between income statement and cash flow statement?
Any statement form such as a property statement form, partnership
financial statement form, and monthly financial statement may contain
different parts that require specific financial information. In a typical
financial statement form, there are three components that can be found
on the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
The income statement is also known as the statement of profit and loss.
This is less in a fixed period

These are the people who make monthly, quarterly, or annual financial
statements based on submitted input. Financial accountants are the ones
 ‫مالیاتی بیان فارم کیا ہیں؟‬ ‫مدد کرتا ہے۔ رجحان تجزیہ کا نتیجہ تاریخی اعداد و شمار پر مبنی ہے جو کمپنی کے مالی‬
‫بیانات میں بیان ہوا ہے۔‬
‫مشورے کا ایک ٹکڑا جو کوئی بھی سن سکے گا وہ ہے ہمارے پیسوں کا خیال رکھنا۔ اسے‬
‫عام بیان مالیاتی بیان تجزیہ ایک اور تکنیک ہے جو مالی بیان تجزیہ کے دوران استعمال ہوتی الپرواہی سے خرچ کرنا آسان ہے ‪ ،‬لہذا اس بات کو یقینی بنانے کے لئے کوئی کچھ اقدامات‬
‫ہے۔ اس قسم کا تجزیہ کمپنی کے بیلنس شیٹ اور آمدنی کے بیانات کا تجزیہ کرکے عمل میں کرتا ہے کہ وہ اس کو محفوظ بنائے۔ ایک شخص جس طرح سے اپنے پیسوں کو ذہن میں رکھ‬
‫الیا جاتا ہے۔ ان بیانی شکلوں سے ‪ ،‬کمپنی کی فروخت کی فیصد اور ان کے کل اثاثوں کو ان سکتا ہے وہ ہے انکم اسٹیٹمنٹ تیار کرنا۔‬
‫کے اعداد و شمار سے حاصل کیا جاسکتا ہے۔ جمع اعداد و شمار سے فیصد حاصل کرنا‬
‫بہت سارے ذرائع سے رقم کمائی جاسکتی ہے یا ضائع ہوسکتی ہے۔ ہمارے بٹوے سے مختلف‬ ‫فنانشل مینیجر یا اکاؤنٹنٹ کے لئے اپنی تشریح تیار کرنا آسان بنا دیتا ہے۔‬
‫طریقوں سے رقم آسکتی ہے اور نکل سکتی ہے ‪ ،‬روزانہ ‪ ،‬ماہانہ یا ساالنہ بنیادوں پر رکھنا‬
‫مشکل ہوسکتا ہے۔ جب کوئی شخص بیان فارم استعمال کررہا ہے تو ‪ ،‬وہ اپنے مالی معامالت„‬ ‫مالیاتی اکاؤنٹنٹ تجزیہ کے عمل میں بھی بینچ مارکنگ کا استعمال کرتے ہیں جو کمپنی کی‬
‫کے لئے تنظیمی نقطہ نظر کو اپنانا شروع کردیتے ہیں۔‬ ‫مالی کارکردگی کا موازنہ کرتے ہوئے کیا جاتا ہے۔ اس سے یہ دریافت کرنے میں مدد ملتی‬
‫ہے کہ کون بہتر کارکردگی کا مظاہرہ کررہا ہے اور کون نہیں۔‬
‫مالی بیان کیا ہے؟‬
‫کسی کاروبار میں مالی بیانات کس طرح مفید ہیں؟‬
‫ایک مالیاتی بیان ایک رسمی دستاویز وہ ریکارڈ اور ایک کمپنی کے مالیاتی کارکردگی کا‬
‫نوٹ لینے کی خواہش جب اکاؤنٹنگ یا خزانہ محکمہ ہینڈل ہے‪ .‬کوئی بھی لین دین ‪ ،‬اخراجات ‪،‬‬ ‫فنانسز کو اس فاؤنڈیشن کے طور پر سمجھا جاسکتا ہے جو ایک ساتھ کاروبار کو روکتا ہے‬
‫یا رقم حاصل کی گئی ‪ ،‬ایک مالی بیان فارم میں پایا جاسکتا ہے۔‬ ‫اور طویل عرصے تک ان کی صنعت میں رہنے میں مدد کرتا ہے۔ بزنس فنانشل اسٹیٹمنٹ‬
‫فارموں کا استعمال کاروبار کو ان کی مالی معامالت„ کے لئے منظم اور منظم انداز تک‬
‫ایک مالیاتی تجزیہ کار اس معلوماتی دستاویز کو کمپنی کے مالی معامالت„ کا جائزہ لینے کے‬ ‫رسائی حاصل کرنے میں مدد فراہم کرتا ہے۔ مالی معامالت کو منظم„ کرنے اور کاروبار کی‬
‫فوری طور پر کن ‪ aspects‬استعمال کرسکتا ہے ‪ ،‬یہ دیکھ سکتا ہے کہ بہتری کے ل ‪ize‬ل‬ ‫کارکردگی سے زیادہ واقف ہونے سے مالکان کو ان کے ذریعہ فراہم کردہ بہترین مالی بیان‬
‫اقدامات کی ضرورت ہے ‪ ،‬اور یہ پیش گوئی کرنے کے اہل ہوں گے کہ آئندہ ماہ ‪ ،‬سہ ماہی یا‬ ‫کے حصول کے لئے کارروائی کرنے پر اثر انداز ہوسکتے ہیں۔‬
‫سال میں کمپنی کی مالی کارکردگی کیسی ہے۔ مالی اقسام کی چار اقسام ہیں جو کوئی شخص‬
‫مالی بیانات کاروباری شراکت داروں اور ان کے گراہکوں کی طرف موثر ہوسکتے ہیں۔ جب استعمال کرسکتا ہے ‪ ،‬یعنی مالی حیثیت کا بیان ‪ ،‬آمدنی کا بیان ‪ ،‬نقد بہاؤ کا بیان ‪ ،‬اور ایکویٹی‬
‫میں تبدیلیوں کا بیان۔‬ ‫وہ کاروبار کے مالی اعانت کے فارم چیک کرتے ہیں تو ان کاروباری شراکت داروں اور‬
‫صارفین کو رقم کی واپسی اور خدمات کی یقین دہانی کے بارے میں زیادہ سے زیادہ مطلع کیا‬
‫مالی بیان تجزیہ کیا ہے؟‬ ‫جاتا ہے۔‬

‫اگر کمپنی کا ایک ایگزیکٹو ان کی مالی کارکردگی کا مطالبہ کرتا ہے تو ‪ ،‬ایک مالیاتی تجزیہ‬ ‫آمدنی کے بیان اور نقد بہاؤ کے بیان میں فرق؟‬
‫کار اپنا مالی بیان تجزیہ کرے گا۔ جب کوئی معالج کالئنٹ کی ذہنی صحت کا پس منظر بنانا‬
‫چاہتا ہے تو ‪ ،‬وہ مشاورت کے بیان کے فارموں کا استعمال کرتے ہیں ۔ مالی بیان تجزیہ میں‬ ‫کسی بھی بیان فارم جیسے پراپرٹی اسٹیٹمنٹ فارم ‪ ،‬پارٹنرشپ فنانشل اسٹیٹمنٹ فارم ‪ ،‬اور‬
‫بھی ایسا ہی ہوتا ہے۔ اس تجزیے میں ‪ ،‬مالیاتی بیان فارم تجزیہ کے عمل کی بنیاد ہیں۔‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ماہانہ فنانشل اسٹیٹمنٹ مختلف حصوں پر مشتمل ہوسکتا ہے جس میں خاص مالی معلومات‬
‫ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ ایک عام مالی بیان فارم میں ‪ ،‬تین اجزاء موجود ہیں جو بیلنس شیٹ ‪ ،‬آمدنی‬
‫مالیاتی بیان تجزیہ ایک عمل ہے جس سے گزرنا ہوتا ہے ‪ ،‬اور کمپنی کے مالی بیانات کا‬ ‫کا بیان ‪ ،‬اور نقد بہاؤ کا بیان پایا جاسکتا ہے۔‬
‫اندازہ ہوتا ہے۔ یہ تجزیہ کمپنی کے ذمہ داروں ‪ ،‬آجر ‪ ،‬اور مالزمین„ کو بہتر فیصلہ سازی‬
‫کرنے اور زیادہ موثر اقدامات کرنے کے قابل بناتا ہے جس کے نتیجے میں کمپنی کے لئے‬ ‫آمدنی کا بیان منافع اور نقصان کے بیان کے طور پر بھی جانا جاتا ہے۔ یہ ایک مقررہ مدت‬
‫میں کمپنی کے خالص منافع یا نقصان کا نوٹ کرتا ہے۔ آمدنی اور اخراجات وہ عوامل ہیں جو ایک بہتر مالی کارکردگی پیدا ہوتی ہے۔‬
‫اس بیان کی شکل میں مل سکتے ہیں۔ نقد بہاؤ کا بیان کمپنی کی آپریٹنگ سرگرمیوں ‪ ،‬سرمایہ‬
‫فنانشل اکاؤنٹنٹ کا کیا کردار ہے؟‬ ‫کاری کی سرگرمیوں ‪ ،‬اور مالی سرگرمیوں میں نقد نقل و حرکت اور بینک بیلنس کو ظاہر‬
‫کرتا ہے۔‬
‫جو شخص مالی اکاؤنٹنٹ کا اعزاز رکھتا ہے اسے کمپنی کا ایک اہم مالزم سمجھا جاتا ہے۔‬
‫مالی اعانت سے متعلق کوئی بھی شکل ‪ ،‬جیسے حلف نامے کا فارم ‪ ،‬انکم اسٹیٹمنٹ فارم ‪،‬‬ ‫شراکت کا مالی بیان‬
‫اور کیش فلو بیان ان کی ہدایت پر بھیجا جاتا ہے۔ مالیاتی اکاؤنٹنٹ کا کام کمپنی میں مالی سے‬
‫متعلق فرائض اور سرگرمیوں کی نگرانی کرنا ہے۔‬ ‫ان بیانات سے مالی بیانات مفید بنائیں‬

‫جب مالزمین کا بیان فارم ‪ ،‬پرنٹ ایبل بیان فارم ‪ ،‬یا اس معاملے میں ‪ ،‬مالی بیانات اپنی پوری یہ وہ لوگ ہیں جو جمع کردہ„ ان پٹ کی بنیاد پر ماہانہ ‪ ،‬سہ ماہی ‪ ،‬یا ساالنہ مالی بیانات تیار‬
‫صالحیت کے مطابق استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں تو ‪ ،‬کمپنی بہت سارے فوائد حاصل کرسکتی ہے کرتے ہیں۔ فنانشل اکاؤنٹنٹ وہ ہوتے ہیں جو مالیات سے متعلق مقامی قواعد و ضوابط کا نوٹ‬
‫لیتے ہیں اور ان تقاضوں کی تعمیل یا پیش کرتے ہیں جو مقامی ‪ ،‬ریاست اور وفاقی ٹیکس سے‬ ‫اور ایک بہترین مالی کارکردگی حاصل کر سکتی ہے۔ مالی اعانت کے فارموں کے بہترین‬
‫مطابقت رکھتے ہیں۔ وہ لوگ ہیں جو مالی مشورے کے لئے رجوع کرتے ہیں ‪ ،‬مشق کرنے‬ ‫استعمال کے ل‪ ، ،‬غور کرنے اور یاد رکھنے کے لئے کچھ چیزیں باقی ہیں۔‬
‫کے لئے فائدہ مند اقدامات کی تجویز کرتے ہیں ‪ ،‬اور کمپنی کے ذہنیت پر عمل درآمد کے لئے‬
‫سب سے پہلے سوچنے کی بات یہ ہے کہ کیا کمپنی کیش اکاؤنٹنگ کا نظام استعمال کرنے یا صحیح مالیاتی اصولوں کی سفارش کرتے ہیں۔‬
‫اکائونول اکاؤنٹنگ کے منصوبے کا ارادہ رکھتی ہے۔ کیش اکاؤنٹنگ میں اس وقت تک آمدنی‬
‫آپ مالی بیان تجزیہ کیسے کرتے ہیں؟‬ ‫اور اخراجات شامل نہیں ہیں جب تک کہ وہ بالترتیب وصول نہ ہوں اور معاوضہ حاصل نہ‬
‫کرلیں۔‬
‫ایک اور کردار جو مالیاتی اکاؤنٹنٹ کے ذریعہ پورا ہوتا ہے وہ ہے مالی بیان تجزیہ کی‬
‫کارکردگی۔ کمپنی کے تمام مالی پہلوؤں کی وسیع تر کوریج حاصل کرنے کے لئے مالیاتی بیان‬ ‫کہا جاتا ہے کہ اکانور اکائونٹنگ کو زیادہ ترجیح دی جاتی ہے کیونکہ اس میں لین دین کو‬
‫تجزیہ میں متعدد„ تکنیکوں پر مشتمل ہوسکتی ہے۔‬ ‫ریکارڈ کیا جاتا ہے جیسا کہ وہ آرڈر دیتے ہیں یا ڈیلیور کیے جاتے ہیں ‪ ،‬قطع نظر اس سے‬
‫کہ اگر ادائیگی کی گئی ہو یا نہیں۔ اکاؤنٹنگ کا منتخب کردہ طریقہ اس بات پر ریلے کر سکتا‬
‫رجحان کا تجزیہ ایک ایسی تکنیک ہے جس کو استعمال کیا جارہا ہے۔ اس قسم کا تجزیہ کمپنی‬ ‫ہے کہ مالی بیانات کے فارموں میں ڈیٹا کو کس طرح ریکارڈ کیا جائے گا۔‬
‫ے یا خراب کارکردگی کا امکان معلوم کرنے میں‪ a‬کے فنانشل مینیجر کو اس کمپنی کے اچھ‬
 ‫خاص کر ‪ especially ،‬مالی بیانات کو کمپنی کے لئے قابل اعتبار اور مفید بنانے کے ل‬
‫محکمہ خزانہ کو ‪ ،‬ریکارڈ شدہ اعداد و شمار کو درست سمجھا جانا چاہئے۔ کمپنیوں میں ان‬
‫کے بہت سے کاروباری شراکت داروں اور متعدد„ سرگرمیوں کے ساتھ بہت سارے اخراجات‬
‫ہوسکتے ہیں۔‬

‫کوئی بھی فنانس یا اکاؤنٹنگ اہلکار ان تمام اعداد و شمار کو اپنے درست ترین نقطہ پر ریکارڈ‬
‫کرنے کے اہل ہوں۔ تعداد میں کوئی تضاد مالی اعانت کے فارم کے دوسرے حصوں میں‬
‫ڈومینو اثر پیدا کرسکتا ہے۔‬