HEMATOLOGY

Disease Definition Risk factors Signs and symptoms Diagnostic Management Medications
exams
Renal Calculi Stones in the 1. Urinary stasis 1. Pain 1. KUB 1. Ambulation Analgesics:
(Urolithiasis) urinary tract 2. Immobility Kidney stones: umbilicus 2. Intravenous 2. Increase OFI Acetaminophen
3. Decrease OFI Ureter stones: groin pyelogram 3. Acid ash diet
Nephrolithiasis: kidneys 4. Dehydration Bladder stones: lower 3. Stone analysis 4. Alkaline acid diet
(most common) 5. Calcium stones abdomen 5. Extracorpeal shockwave
Uterolithiasis: ureters (calcium phosphate/oxalate) 2. Hematuria lithotripsy
Cystolithiasis: bladder 6. Increase puric uric acid 3. Fever
stones 4. Passage of stones
7. Hyperparathyroidism
8. Rich man’s disease
Urinary tract infection Ascending 1. Female 1. Dysuria 1. CBC 1. Perineal care 1. Antibiotics
tract infection 2. Poor perineal hygiene 2. Lower abdominal pain 2. Urinalysis 2. Showers 2. Analgesics
Urethra: urethritis caused by 3. Non absorbent underwear 3. Hematuria 3. Culture and 3. Void before and after
Bladder: cystitis E.Coli 4. Bathtub 4. Urgency sensitivity sex
Ureters: ureteritis 5. Uncircumcised partner 5. Frequency 4. Increase OFI
Kidneys: pyelonephritis 6. Decrease OFI 6. Dark, foul smelling urine 5. Decrease coffee, cola,
7. Coffee, cola, tea, alcohol and alcohol
8. Foley catheter 6. Acidify urine
Nephrotic syndrome Kidney Primary: idiopathic 1. Proteinuria 1. Urinalysis 1. Weigh patient daily 1. Corticosteroids:
disease Secondary: DM or congenital 2. Albumin 2. Serum 2. Monitor intake and Prednisone
caused by 3. Edema 3. Kidney biopsy output 2. Diuretics: Furosemide
glomerulus 4. Weight gain 3. Limit water intake 3. Antihypertensives:
damage 5. Elevated BP 4. Decrease sodium, fat Atorvastatin
6. Hyperlipidemia and moderate protein
intake
Acute Nephritic GAHBS 1. Proteinuria 1. CBC 1. Weigh patient daily 1. Antibiotics
glomerulonephritis syndrome 2. Hematuria 2. Urinalysis 2. Monitor I/O 2. Diuretics
caused by 3. Dark, foamy urine 3. Kidney biopsy 3. Decrease OFI 3. Antihypertensives
glomerulus 4. Oliguria 4. Decrease sodium intake
inflammation 5. Edema
6. Weight gain
7. Hypertension
8. Elevated creatinine
9. Elevated BUN
10. Fever
Chronic renal failure Gradual loss 1. No urine formation 1. Peritoneal dialysis 1. Kayexelate
of kidney 2. No excretion of water 2. Hemodialysis 2. Sodium bicarbonate
Stage 1: reduce renal function 3. No excretion of acids 3. Kidney transplant 3. Antipiuretic/histamines
reserve 4. No excretion of body 4. Allopurinol
Stage 2: renal waste 5. Antihypertensives
insufficiency 5. No BP regulation 6. Calcium gluconate
Stage 3: End stage 6. No vitamin D activation 7. Aluminum hydroxide
renal disease 7. No erythropoietin 8. Epoietin alfa
production